Technical information: USDL 00-252
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, September 1, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 2000
Total nonfarm employment fell by 105,000 in August, while the
unemployment rate was essentially unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. A further decline in the
number of temporary census workers (down 158,000 in August) and a strike in
the communications industry contributed to the over-the-month employment
drop, but manufacturing employment also declined. Private-sector
employment edged up by 17,000, although the gain would have been 102,000
had it not been for strike effects. Job gains were strong in the services
industry.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The unemployment rate (4.1 percent) remained in the narrow range of 3.9
to 4.1 percent that has held since October 1999. The rates for most major
worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), whites
(3.6 percent), blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent)--showed
little or no change in August. The teenage unemployment rate has edged up
over the past 2 months to 14.4 percent. The number of unemployed persons
was essentially unchanged at 5.8 million. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was little changed at 134.9 million, seasonally
adjusted, in August. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the
population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, about unchanged
from July. The civilian labor force rose in August to 140.7 million;
however, the labor force participation rate, at 67.0 percent, was
essentially unchanged. (See table A-1.)
In August, the proportion of the employed with more than one job
(multiple jobholders) was 5.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted, compared
with 5.4 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in August, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was
205,000 in August, down from 265,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See
table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| July-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | Aug.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| I | II | June | July | Aug. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 140,762| 140,399| 140,742| 343
Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 135,179| 134,749| 134,912| 163
Unemployment........| 5,733| 5,627| 5,583| 5,650| 5,829| 179
Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 68,781| 69,329| 69,193| -136
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.1| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 0.1
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| .0
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.8| .1
Teenagers...........| 13.4| 12.3| 11.6| 13.4| 14.4| 1.0
White...............| 3.5| 3.4| 3.4| 3.5| 3.6| .1
Black...............| 7.8| 7.7| 7.9| 7.7| 8.0| .3
Hispanic origin.....| 5.9| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| .1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,626| 131,552| 131,647|p131,596|p131,491| p-105
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| 25,703| 25,700| p25,756| p25,677| p-79
Construction......| 6,665| 6,676| 6,668| p6,673| p6,673| p0
Manufacturing.....| 18,481| 18,488| 18,493| p18,544| p18,465| p-79
Service-producing 1/| 104,946| 105,849| 105,947|p105,840|p105,814| p-26
Retail trade......| 22,993| 23,128| 23,122| p23,196| p23,161| p-35
Services..........| 39,949| 40,272| 40,401| p40,412| p40,572| p160
Government........| 20,431| 20,827| 20,802| p20,587| p20,465| p-122
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| 34.5| 34.5| p34.4| p34.3| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.7| 41.6| p41.7| p41.3| p-.4
Overtime..........| 4.6| 4.7| 4.6| p4.6| p4.5| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 150.7| 151.2| 151.3| p151.4| p150.9| p-0.5
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.54| $13.67| $13.70| p$13.76| p$13.80| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 467.47| 471.50| 472.65| p473.34| p473.34| p.00
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 105,000 to 131.5 million
in August, seasonally adjusted. In the public sector, 158,000 temporary
workers completed their work on Census 2000 and left federal payrolls. In
the private sector, employment edged up by 17,000, as a strike in the
communications industry kept 87,000 workers off payrolls. Adjusted for the
net strike impact over the month (85,000, which also reflects the return of
a small number of strikers in hospitals), private-sector employment was up
by 102,000 in August. (See table B-1.)
Employment in manufacturing fell by 79,000 in August, more than
offsetting a large increase in July, after seasonal adjustment. In 1999,
monthly job losses in this industry averaged 18,000; over the first 8
months of 2000, losses have averaged 2,000 per month. Manufacturing job
losses in August were widespread. Employment fell in industries sensitive
to construction trends, such as lumber (5,000), furniture (8,000), and
stone, clay, and glass products (4,000). Employment also fell in motor
vehicles (13,000) and in rubber and plastics (8,000). Apparel employment
continued its long-term decline with a drop of 10,000 in August. In
contrast to most manufacturing industries, electronic components continued
to grow, adding 4,000 jobs.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment was
unchanged over the month. Average monthly growth in construction thus far
this year has been 15,000, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999.
In August, employment in the mining industry held steady for the fourth
consecutive month. This industry had experienced modest growth in the
first part of the year because of expansion in oil and gas extraction.
In the service-producing sector, services industry employment rose by
160,000, seasonally adjusted. This follows an increase of only 11,000 in
July. Thus far this year, the average monthly increase in services
employment has been 108,000, slightly below the monthly average of 124,000
for all of 1999. In August, job gains occurred in social services
(34,000), engineering and management services (28,000), and personnel
supply services (22,000). Employment in all three industries had declined
in July. In social services, the August employment increase resulted from
fewer-than-usual seasonal layoffs in job training services, following weak
summer hiring.
Employment in transportation and public utilities fell by 64,000 in
August, as 87,000 workers in the telephone communications industry were on
strike and thus off company payrolls during the survey reference period.
The striking workers had returned to payrolls by the end of the month.
Transportation employment, especially air transportation, showed continued
strength.
Retail trade employment fell by 35,000, seasonally adjusted, in August,
following 2 months of above-average increases. These movements largely
reflect employment changes in eating and drinking places. Overall, job
growth in the retail trade industry has averaged 32,000 per month since
May, about in line with average monthly growth in all of 1999.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 25,000 in
August. Employment in the industry has been trending down for much of the
year except in security brokerages and holding companies, where employment
has continued to grow. Wholesale trade added 10,000 jobs over the month.
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Federal government employment fell in August as more temporary census
workers completed their assignments. As of August, 41,000 temporary census
workers remained on the federal government payroll, down from a peak of
618,000 in May. In local government, employment rose by 23,000.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in August to 34.3 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.4 hour to 41.3
hours. Manufacturing overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 4.5 hours. (See
table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.3 percent to 150.9
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.6
percent to 105.5. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in August to $13.80,
seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings were unchanged over the month
at $473.34. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. Twelve-month growth rates in
hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent since January
1999. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for September 2000 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, October 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
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period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,038 209,727 209,935 208,038 209,216 209,371 209,543 209,727 209,935
Civilian labor force............................ 140,090 142,101 141,425 139,372 141,230 140,489 140,762 140,399 140,742
Participation rate........................ 67.3 67.8 67.4 67.0 67.5 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.0
Employed...................................... 134,264 136,097 135,601 133,530 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912
Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.9 64.6 64.2 64.9 64.3 64.5 64.2 64.3
Agriculture................................. 3,525 3,736 3,656 3,234 3,355 3,298 3,321 3,299 3,344
Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,739 132,361 131,945 130,296 132,351 131,417 131,858 131,450 131,569
Unemployed.................................... 5,826 6,004 5,824 5,842 5,524 5,774 5,583 5,650 5,829
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1
Not in labor force.............................. 67,948 67,626 68,510 68,666 67,986 68,882 68,781 69,329 69,193
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,742 4,402 4,441 4,497 4,352 4,412 4,254 4,478 4,213
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,863 100,745 100,847 99,863 100,487 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847
Civilian labor force............................ 75,190 76,344 76,086 74,499 75,189 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412
Participation rate........................ 75.3 75.8 75.4 74.6 74.8 74.5 74.6 74.4 74.8
Employed...................................... 72,348 73,408 73,299 71,436 72,307 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407
Employment-population ratio............... 72.4 72.9 72.7 71.5 72.0 71.5 71.7 71.5 71.8
Unemployed.................................... 2,842 2,936 2,787 3,063 2,882 2,934 2,903 2,854 3,005
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,692 92,642 92,754 91,692 92,303 92,408 92,546 92,642 92,754
Civilian labor force............................ 70,509 71,138 71,324 70,240 70,761 70,603 70,714 70,702 71,067
Participation rate........................ 76.9 76.8 76.9 76.6 76.7 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.6
Employed...................................... 68,210 68,927 69,176 67,768 68,481 68,230 68,430 68,440 68,757
Employment-population ratio............... 74.4 74.4 74.6 73.9 74.2 73.8 73.9 73.9 74.1
Agriculture................................. 2,377 2,519 2,441 2,237 2,213 2,217 2,269 2,296 2,288
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,833 66,408 66,735 65,531 66,269 66,013 66,161 66,144 66,469
Unemployed.................................... 2,299 2,211 2,148 2,472 2,280 2,373 2,284 2,263 2,309
Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,175 108,983 109,088 108,175 108,729 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088
Civilian labor force............................ 64,900 65,757 65,339 64,873 66,041 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330
Participation rate........................ 60.0 60.3 59.9 60.0 60.7 60.3 60.3 60.1 59.9
Employed...................................... 61,917 62,689 62,302 62,094 63,399 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505
Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.5 57.1 57.4 58.3 57.7 57.8 57.5 57.3
Unemployed.................................... 2,984 3,068 3,037 2,779 2,642 2,839 2,680 2,796 2,824
Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,285 101,111 101,209 100,285 100,809 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209
Civilian labor force............................ 60,568 61,015 60,909 60,904 61,920 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260
Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.7 61.4 61.0 61.0 60.8 60.5
Employed...................................... 58,093 58,556 58,369 58,648 59,757 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949
Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 57.9 57.7 58.5 59.3 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.2
Agriculture................................. 840 885 883 780 899 864 834 792 824
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,253 57,670 57,486 57,868 58,858 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125
Unemployed.................................... 2,475 2,459 2,539 2,256 2,163 2,367 2,318 2,286 2,311
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,061 15,974 15,972 16,061 16,104 16,034 15,991 15,974 15,972
Civilian labor force............................ 9,014 9,948 9,192 8,228 8,549 8,271 8,452 8,189 8,415
Participation rate........................ 56.1 62.3 57.6 51.2 53.1 51.6 52.9 51.3 52.7
Employed...................................... 7,962 8,614 8,055 7,114 7,467 7,237 7,471 7,087 7,206
Employment-population ratio............... 49.6 53.9 50.4 44.3 46.4 45.1 46.7 44.4 45.1
Agriculture................................. 309 332 331 217 243 217 218 211 232
Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,653 8,282 7,724 6,897 7,224 7,020 7,253 6,876 6,974
Unemployed.................................... 1,051 1,334 1,137 1,114 1,082 1,034 981 1,101 1,209
Unemployment rate......................... 11.7 13.4 12.4 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,275 174,443 174,587 173,275 174,092 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587
Civilian labor force............................ 117,093 118,533 118,018 116,619 117,988 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551
Participation rate.......................... 67.6 67.9 67.6 67.3 67.8 67.2 67.4 67.2 67.3
Employed...................................... 112,846 114,294 113,845 112,308 113,915 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352
Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 65.5 65.2 64.8 65.4 64.9 65.1 64.9 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 4,246 4,240 4,173 4,311 4,073 4,108 3,967 4,103 4,199
Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,063 60,325 60,512 59,932 60,048 59,882 60,074 59,950 60,358
Participation rate.......................... 77.5 77.2 77.3 77.3 77.0 76.7 76.9 76.7 77.1
Employed...................................... 58,303 58,769 58,994 58,007 58,386 58,184 58,409 58,302 58,701
Employment-population ratio................. 75.2 75.2 75.4 74.8 74.9 74.6 74.8 74.6 75.0
Unemployed.................................... 1,760 1,557 1,518 1,925 1,662 1,698 1,666 1,647 1,657
Unemployment rate........................... 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,410 49,830 49,727 49,713 50,726 50,237 50,246 50,356 50,060
Participation rate.......................... 59.5 59.6 59.4 59.9 60.8 60.2 60.2 60.2 59.8
Employed...................................... 47,653 48,067 47,855 48,140 49,150 48,567 48,616 48,700 48,388
Employment-population ratio................. 57.4 57.5 57.2 58.0 58.9 58.2 58.2 58.3 57.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,757 1,763 1,872 1,573 1,576 1,670 1,630 1,656 1,673
Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 7,620 8,378 7,779 6,974 7,214 6,978 7,130 6,953 7,133
Participation rate.......................... 59.8 66.0 61.3 54.8 56.7 54.9 56.1 54.7 56.2
Employed...................................... 6,890 7,458 6,996 6,161 6,379 6,237 6,458 6,153 6,264
Employment-population ratio................. 54.1 58.7 55.1 48.4 50.2 49.1 50.8 48.4 49.3
Unemployed.................................... 730 920 783 813 835 740 672 800 869
Unemployment rate........................... 9.6 11.0 10.1 11.7 11.6 10.6 9.4 11.5 12.2
Men....................................... 9.7 11.7 10.6 12.3 13.0 10.7 11.2 12.6 13.3
Women..................................... 9.4 10.2 9.4 11.0 10.0 10.5 7.4 10.3 11.0
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,904 25,221 25,258 24,904 25,135 25,161 25,191 25,221 25,258
Civilian labor force............................ 16,474 16,808 16,630 16,321 16,636 16,596 16,577 16,456 16,512
Participation rate.......................... 66.2 66.6 65.8 65.5 66.2 66.0 65.8 65.2 65.4
Employed...................................... 15,156 15,356 15,269 15,047 15,444 15,261 15,275 15,190 15,190
Employment-population ratio................. 60.9 60.9 60.5 60.4 61.4 60.7 60.6 60.2 60.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,318 1,452 1,361 1,274 1,191 1,335 1,302 1,266 1,322
Unemployment rate........................... 8.0 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.2 8.0 7.9 7.7 8.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,183 7,357 7,337 7,162 7,351 7,261 7,263 7,292 7,337
Participation rate.......................... 72.2 72.8 72.4 72.0 73.0 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.4
Employed...................................... 6,760 6,831 6,824 6,714 6,864 6,736 6,761 6,803 6,797
Employment-population ratio................. 68.0 67.6 67.4 67.5 68.2 66.8 67.0 67.3 67.1
Unemployed.................................... 424 527 513 448 487 524 502 489 540
Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 7.2 7.0 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,239 8,198 8,215 8,241 8,291 8,384 8,347 8,217 8,230
Participation rate.......................... 66.1 64.8 64.9 66.1 65.8 66.5 66.1 65.0 65.0
Employed...................................... 7,627 7,622 7,656 7,673 7,807 7,801 7,792 7,691 7,710
Employment-population ratio................. 61.1 60.3 60.4 61.5 62.0 61.9 61.7 60.8 60.9
Unemployed.................................... 613 576 559 568 484 583 554 525 520
Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.9 5.8 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,052 1,252 1,078 918 993 951 967 947 945
Participation rate.......................... 42.3 50.8 43.8 37.0 40.2 38.5 39.2 38.4 38.4
Employed...................................... 770 904 788 660 773 724 722 696 682
Employment-population ratio................. 31.0 36.7 32.0 26.6 31.3 29.3 29.2 28.2 27.7
Unemployed.................................... 282 349 289 258 220 227 245 252 262
Unemployment rate........................... 26.8 27.8 26.8 28.1 22.2 23.9 25.4 26.6 27.8
Men....................................... 27.8 28.5 31.8 29.6 22.0 27.7 32.0 25.0 33.7
Women..................................... 25.9 27.2 22.4 26.7 22.4 20.2 18.2 27.9 22.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,752 22,422 22,488 21,752 22,231 22,292 22,355 22,422 22,488
Civilian labor force............................ 14,843 15,291 15,357 14,710 15,355 15,322 15,325 15,188 15,248
Participation rate.......................... 68.2 68.2 68.3 67.6 69.1 68.7 68.6 67.7 67.8
Employed...................................... 13,872 14,397 14,458 13,759 14,524 14,432 14,461 14,339 14,371
Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 64.2 64.3 63.3 65.3 64.7 64.7 64.0 63.9
Unemployed.................................... 971 894 899 951 831 890 864 849 876
Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.5 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,568 27,888 28,306 28,568 28,069 28,096 28,227 27,888 28,306
Civilian labor force.................... 12,299 12,015 12,456 12,307 11,945 11,815 12,004 12,328 12,441
Percent of population............... 43.1 43.1 44.0 43.1 42.6 42.1 42.5 44.2 43.9
Employed.............................. 11,507 11,279 11,747 11,448 11,218 10,984 11,239 11,544 11,677
Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 40.4 41.5 40.1 40.0 39.1 39.8 41.4 41.3
Unemployed............................ 793 736 709 859 727 832 765 784 764
Unemployment rate................... 6.4 6.1 5.7 7.0 6.1 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.1
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,195 57,144 56,882 57,195 58,015 57,746 57,581 57,144 56,882
Civilian labor force.................... 36,797 36,380 36,395 36,954 37,666 37,224 36,910 37,018 36,589
Percent of population............... 64.3 63.7 64.0 64.6 64.9 64.5 64.1 64.8 64.3
Employed.............................. 35,550 35,138 35,097 35,657 36,401 35,895 35,659 35,782 35,238
Employment-population ratio......... 62.2 61.5 61.7 62.3 62.7 62.2 61.9 62.6 62.0
Unemployed............................ 1,247 1,242 1,298 1,297 1,265 1,329 1,251 1,236 1,350
Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,130 44,724 44,616 43,130 43,896 44,153 44,250 44,724 44,616
Civilian labor force.................... 31,751 33,052 32,980 31,842 32,684 33,065 33,094 32,952 33,175
Percent of population............... 73.6 73.9 73.9 73.8 74.5 74.9 74.8 73.7 74.4
Employed.............................. 30,765 32,093 32,036 30,864 31,843 32,228 32,132 32,029 32,230
Employment-population ratio......... 71.3 71.8 71.8 71.6 72.5 73.0 72.6 71.6 72.2
Unemployed............................ 986 959 944 978 841 838 962 923 946
Unemployment rate................... 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,086 45,549 45,718 45,086 44,864 45,029 45,092 45,549 45,718
Civilian labor force.................... 35,915 35,907 35,827 36,037 36,099 36,011 35,988 35,877 35,903
Percent of population............... 79.7 78.8 78.4 79.9 80.5 80.0 79.8 78.8 78.5
Employed.............................. 35,223 35,219 35,038 35,465 35,545 35,433 35,437 35,254 35,250
Employment-population ratio......... 78.1 77.3 76.6 78.7 79.2 78.7 78.6 77.4 77.1
Unemployed............................ 692 688 788 572 553 577 551 623 653
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,264 136,097 135,601 133,530 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,398 43,241 43,416 43,368 43,272 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372
Married women, spouse present................... 33,023 33,047 32,912 33,504 33,877 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413
Women who maintain families..................... 8,332 8,372 8,536 8,335 8,307 8,301 8,280 8,483 8,519
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,504 40,517 40,663 40,800 40,665 40,858 41,148 40,784 40,937
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,998 39,474 39,104 38,874 39,680 39,537 39,270 39,239 39,026
Service occupations............................. 18,341 18,288 17,976 17,976 18,885 18,181 18,090 17,877 17,675
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,355 15,419 15,324 14,322 14,501 14,867 14,888 15,236 15,263
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,231 18,558 18,722 18,089 18,453 18,020 18,430 18,296 18,592
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,836 3,842 3,812 3,412 3,477 3,410 3,368 3,309 3,400
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,088 2,360 2,253 1,908 2,054 2,006 2,059 2,079 2,056
Self-employed workers......................... 1,379 1,326 1,356 1,266 1,272 1,252 1,175 1,182 1,258
Unpaid family workers......................... 58 50 46 46 43 38 50 40 37
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,595 123,543 123,181 121,150 123,623 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773
Government.................................. 18,646 18,072 18,015 19,114 19,280 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496
Private industries.......................... 102,949 105,471 105,166 102,036 104,343 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277
Private households........................ 923 857 753 873 1,019 953 957 807 716
Other industries.......................... 102,026 104,614 104,413 101,163 103,324 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561
Self-employed workers......................... 9,057 8,739 8,658 9,000 8,750 8,714 8,665 8,609 8,590
Unpaid family workers......................... 87 79 105 93 103 82 71 80 116
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,238 3,283 3,120 3,279 3,124 3,248 3,117 3,071 3,164
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,759 1,905 1,844 1,904 1,844 1,962 1,811 1,846 1,997
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,068 1,018 863 1,057 1,016 978 1,022 900 855
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,455 16,238 16,052 19,230 18,474 18,409 18,308 18,558 18,709
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,102 3,146 3,005 3,127 3,021 3,096 2,967 2,940 3,038
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,677 1,802 1,774 1,813 1,782 1,840 1,713 1,750 1,924
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,046 990 843 1,041 989 962 994 881 838
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,870 15,696 15,480 18,652 17,943 17,853 17,743 18,041 18,190
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,842 5,650 5,829 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,472 2,263 2,309 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,256 2,286 2,311 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,114 1,101 1,209 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4
Married men, spouse present.................... 1,009 878 899 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0
Married women, spouse present.................. 915 975 1,002 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9
Women who maintain families.................... 564 505 546 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.6 6.0
Full-time workers.............................. 4,712 4,362 4,631 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0
Part-time workers.............................. 1,133 1,257 1,194 4.6 4.6 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 747 789 803 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,450 1,453 1,634 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 668 557 489 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,189 1,221 1,270 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 232 201 233 6.4 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.7 6.4
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,523 4,483 4,503 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1
Goods-producing industries................... 1,353 1,230 1,260 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4
Mining..................................... 25 24 22 4.2 2.8 4.2 3.5 5.1 4.6
Construction............................... 565 485 531 7.6 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.5
Manufacturing.............................. 763 721 707 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5
Durable goods............................ 445 406 369 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1
Nondurable goods......................... 318 314 338 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.3
Service-producing industries................. 3,170 3,253 3,242 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1
Transportation and public utilities........ 240 263 255 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.1
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,304 1,364 1,421 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 192 170 194 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5
Services................................... 1,434 1,456 1,373 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.8
Government workers............................. 409 405 449 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.4
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 203 156 190 9.6 8.4 7.6 7.3 7.0 8.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,498 2,734 2,513 2,599 2,455 2,531 2,595 2,470 2,594
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,976 1,970 2,031 1,798 1,868 1,953 1,759 1,812 1,846
15 weeks and over................................ 1,352 1,300 1,280 1,463 1,250 1,337 1,242 1,331 1,384
15 to 26 weeks................................ 633 590 567 747 670 677 593 654 679
27 weeks and over............................. 719 711 713 716 580 660 649 677 705
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 12.9 12.9 13.2 12.4 12.6 12.4 13.3 13.0
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.7 5.5 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 42.9 45.5 43.2 44.4 44.1 43.5 46.4 44.0 44.5
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 33.9 32.8 34.9 30.7 33.5 33.5 31.4 32.3 31.7
15 weeks and over.............................. 23.2 21.7 22.0 25.0 22.4 23.0 22.2 23.7 23.8
15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.9 9.8 9.7 12.7 12.0 11.6 10.6 11.7 11.7
27 weeks and over............................ 12.3 11.8 12.2 12.2 10.4 11.3 11.6 12.1 12.1
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,559 2,489 2,544 2,629 2,306 2,483 2,450 2,417 2,615
On temporary layoff............................. 784 887 843 893 703 894 959 856 940
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,775 1,603 1,701 1,736 1,602 1,589 1,491 1,561 1,674
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,250 1,105 1,154 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 525 498 546 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 866 843 856 793 833 774 671 799 782
Reentrants........................................ 1,925 2,049 1,902 1,942 1,961 2,093 2,076 1,961 1,919
New entrants...................................... 477 623 522 481 408 500 343 402 514
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 43.9 41.5 43.7 45.0 41.9 42.4 44.2 43.3 44.8
On temporary layoff............................ 13.5 14.8 14.5 15.3 12.8 15.3 17.3 15.3 16.1
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.5 26.7 29.2 29.7 29.1 27.2 26.9 28.0 28.7
Job leavers...................................... 14.9 14.0 14.7 13.6 15.1 13.2 12.1 14.3 13.4
Reentrants....................................... 33.0 34.1 32.7 33.2 35.6 35.8 37.5 35.1 32.9
New entrants..................................... 8.2 10.4 9.0 8.2 7.4 8.5 6.2 7.2 8.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4
New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .2 .3 .4
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.3 4.4 4.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.9 5.0 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.2 7.3 7.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,842 5,650 5,829 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,139 2,066 2,128 9.6 9.3 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.4
16 to 19 years................................ 1,114 1,101 1,209 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4
16 to 17 years.............................. 526 515 566 15.9 14.6 16.0 13.1 16.5 17.1
18 to 19 years.............................. 596 577 644 12.1 11.4 10.4 10.6 11.5 12.6
20 to 24 years................................ 1,025 965 919 7.3 7.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 6.4
25 years and over............................... 3,706 3,581 3,700 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1
25 to 54 years................................ 3,226 3,158 3,219 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2
55 years and over............................. 475 430 486 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,063 2,854 3,005 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0
16 to 24 years................................ 1,148 1,117 1,201 9.9 9.6 10.0 9.5 9.6 10.1
16 to 19 years.............................. 591 591 695 13.9 13.6 13.1 14.1 14.0 16.0
16 to 17 years............................ 279 277 283 16.2 15.8 16.9 15.6 17.4 16.9
18 to 19 years............................ 319 310 415 12.6 12.4 10.8 13.3 11.9 15.5
20 to 24 years.............................. 557 526 506 7.6 7.3 8.3 6.8 7.1 6.7
25 years and over............................. 1,923 1,747 1,802 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,643 1,505 1,541 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9
55 years and over........................... 284 243 275 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,779 2,796 2,824 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3
16 to 24 years................................ 991 949 927 9.3 8.9 9.5 8.5 8.9 8.6
16 to 19 years.............................. 523 510 514 13.2 11.6 11.8 8.9 12.8 12.6
16 to 17 years............................ 247 238 283 15.6 13.3 15.0 10.4 15.5 17.3
18 to 19 years............................ 277 266 229 11.6 10.4 9.9 7.8 11.0 9.4
20 to 24 years.............................. 468 439 413 7.0 7.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 6.2
25 years and over............................. 1,783 1,834 1,899 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,583 1,653 1,678 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6
55 years and over........................... 191 187 211 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,948 68,510 24,674 24,762 43,275 43,748
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,742 4,441 1,863 1,759 2,879 2,682
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,134 1,095 525 511 609 584
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 265 205 153 122 112 83
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 869 890 372 389 497 502
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,298 7,084 3,909 3,845 3,389 3,238
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,992 3,991 2,350 2,386 1,641 1,606
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,514 1,398 499 423 1,014 975
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 332 315 260 227 72 88
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,418 1,336 777 791 641 546
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 128,851 132,911 131,513 131,334 129,057 131,419 131,590 131,647 131,596 131,491
Total private.................... 109,845 112,005 112,012 112,061 108,846 110,752 110,578 110,845 111,009 111,026
Goods-producing......................... 25,890 26,060 26,082 26,150 25,430 25,725 25,684 25,700 25,756 25,677
Mining................................ 535 546 547 550 526 539 539 539 539 539
Metal mining........................ 44.4 44.7 44.0 44.0 44 45 44 44 43 43
Coal mining......................... 84.0 79.8 79.5 80.5 84 80 80 79 79 80
Oil and gas extraction.............. 289.7 307.2 309.3 311.7 286 303 305 306 307 307
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 116.7 114.0 114.6 113.5 112 111 110 110 110 109
Construction.......................... 6,764 6,925 7,040 7,048 6,401 6,694 6,666 6,668 6,673 6,673
General building contractors........ 1,514.6 1,546.5 1,572.3 1,573.0 1,447 1,497 1,497 1,498 1,498 1,503
Heavy construction, except building. 941.8 941.7 955.8 960.7 865 899 888 877 881 883
Special trade contractors........... 4,307.1 4,436.9 4,511.4 4,514.3 4,089 4,298 4,281 4,293 4,294 4,287
Manufacturing......................... 18,591 18,589 18,495 18,552 18,503 18,492 18,479 18,493 18,544 18,465
Production workers................ 12,769 12,753 12,655 12,723 12,706 12,689 12,682 12,683 12,733 12,660
Durable goods........................ 11,110 11,187 11,108 11,129 11,097 11,104 11,106 11,120 11,158 11,115
Production workers................ 7,587 7,644 7,561 7,587 7,590 7,584 7,584 7,593 7,623 7,589
Lumber and wood products............ 841.9 834.8 831.6 830.4 829 830 828 827 823 818
Furniture and fixtures.............. 551.0 559.8 554.4 557.8 551 557 558 558 565 557
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 572.9 578.7 579.0 577.8 563 567 566 568 571 567
Primary metal industries............ 697.4 701.8 692.6 693.3 699 699 699 699 698 694
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 228.1 228.0 226.4 226.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,512.8 1,546.2 1,528.1 1,534.0 1,515 1,534 1,535 1,540 1,540 1,537
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,126.0 2,142.0 2,132.1 2,125.7 2,135 2,126 2,125 2,130 2,137 2,135
Computer and office equipment..... 371.2 363.4 363.3 363.5 370 364 360 360 361 363
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,667.8 1,706.4 1,713.3 1,717.4 1,669 1,691 1,693 1,697 1,718 1,719
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 638.2 665.9 673.4 676.1 637 651 654 661 671 675
Transportation equipment............ 1,888.4 1,874.2 1,835.7 1,845.7 1,887 1,859 1,863 1,864 1,860 1,844
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,030.3 1,037.6 1,003.2 1,016.9 1,026 1,026 1,026 1,030 1,026 1,013
Aircraft and parts................ 486.4 460.2 458.4 457.1 488 461 463 460 460 458
Instruments and related products.... 855.5 847.4 849.7 849.7 854 844 845 844 849 848
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.4 395.8 391.2 396.7 395 397 394 393 397 396
Nondurable goods..................... 7,481 7,402 7,387 7,423 7,406 7,388 7,373 7,373 7,386 7,350
Production workers................ 5,182 5,109 5,094 5,136 5,116 5,105 5,098 5,090 5,110 5,071
Food and kindred products........... 1,726.9 1,675.5 1,705.2 1,735.2 1,667 1,678 1,675 1,679 1,681 1,676
Tobacco products.................... 36.2 34.0 33.8 34.4 36 37 37 37 37 34
Textile mill products............... 555.8 546.7 539.5 540.9 556 548 545 542 543 541
Apparel and other textile products.. 684.3 658.5 643.1 648.6 681 665 660 652 656 646
Paper and allied products........... 669.3 667.3 664.2 663.0 667 662 661 663 662 661
Printing and publishing............. 1,551.6 1,562.1 1,561.6 1,559.4 1,552 1,554 1,552 1,558 1,560 1,559
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,034.4 1,034.3 1,029.2 1,025.1 1,030 1,030 1,028 1,028 1,026 1,021
Petroleum and coal products......... 135.4 134.2 134.5 134.5 132 132 132 132 131 132
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,009.4 1,013.8 1,003.4 1,007.9 1,008 1,007 1,008 1,008 1,014 1,006
Leather and leather products........ 77.4 75.4 72.5 74.1 77 75 75 74 76 74
Service-producing1...................... 102,961 106,851 105,431 105,184 103,627 105,694 105,906 105,947 105,840 105,814
Transportation and public utilities... 6,831 7,023 6,990 6,926 6,848 6,970 6,962 6,985 7,008 6,944
Transportation...................... 4,398 4,537 4,506 4,521 4,426 4,509 4,501 4,510 4,537 4,549
Railroad transportation........... 226.9 220.0 220.5 218.4 227 221 219 217 219 219
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 423.9 493.1 435.7 434.2 488 498 498 493 501 499
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,838.9 1,852.2 1,866.5 1,878.7 1,810 1,839 1,834 1,834 1,847 1,850
Water transportation.............. 197.2 209.1 211.9 213.3 188 200 200 202 200 204
Transportation by air............. 1,230.2 1,276.4 1,282.4 1,285.6 1,234 1,270 1,269 1,279 1,282 1,289
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.8 12.6 12.7 12.6 13 12 12 12 13 12
Transportation services........... 468.1 473.8 476.4 478.5 466 469 469 473 475 476
Communications and public utilities. 2,433 2,486 2,484 2,405 2,422 2,461 2,461 2,475 2,471 2,395
Communications.................... 1,562.6 1,623.2 1,621.1 1,543.4 1,558 1,604 1,606 1,619 1,616 1,539
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 870.0 863.2 863.0 861.6 864 857 855 856 855 856
Wholesale trade....................... 6,973 7,094 7,087 7,085 6,946 7,055 7,048 7,049 7,048 7,058
Durable goods....................... 4,148 4,219 4,221 4,220 4,132 4,201 4,199 4,195 4,203 4,204
Nondurable goods.................... 2,825 2,875 2,866 2,865 2,814 2,854 2,849 2,854 2,845 2,854
Retail trade.......................... 22,993 23,361 23,324 23,322 22,841 23,197 23,064 23,122 23,196 23,161
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,011.2 1,071.3 1,054.7 1,039.0 992 1,032 1,025 1,018 1,017 1,020
General merchandise stores.......... 2,714.7 2,679.9 2,665.8 2,676.3 2,768 2,791 2,744 2,741 2,725 2,725
Department stores................. 2,378.2 2,335.1 2,319.6 2,330.8 2,426 2,443 2,388 2,386 2,371 2,378
Food stores......................... 3,513.2 3,529.4 3,541.6 3,538.5 3,498 3,522 3,516 3,515 3,518 3,523
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,395.6 2,434.5 2,440.6 2,443.2 2,369 2,410 2,408 2,412 2,413 2,417
New and used car dealers.......... 1,089.2 1,114.9 1,117.4 1,119.0 1,084 1,106 1,107 1,110 1,111 1,114
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,187.1 1,185.1 1,198.0 1,209.0 1,181 1,195 1,195 1,197 1,207 1,202
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,080.1 1,107.9 1,108.0 1,111.0 1,090 1,113 1,113 1,118 1,118 1,121
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,148.5 8,344.9 8,306.7 8,288.7 7,958 8,097 8,028 8,071 8,135 8,094
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,942.3 3,007.9 3,008.6 3,016.2 2,985 3,037 3,035 3,050 3,063 3,059
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,668 7,666 7,690 7,692 7,590 7,610 7,600 7,588 7,589 7,614
Finance............................. 3,722 3,725 3,736 3,737 3,704 3,709 3,703 3,705 3,708 3,719
Depository institutions........... 2,073.7 2,053.3 2,052.5 2,047.8 2,063 2,052 2,044 2,042 2,037 2,037
Commercial banks................ 1,485.0 1,461.8 1,461.6 1,458.3 1,476 1,464 1,456 1,454 1,450 1,450
Savings institutions............ 251.9 243.3 241.8 241.1 251 243 243 242 240 240
Nondepository institutions........ 717.3 685.4 685.4 686.7 716 686 684 682 683 685
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 359.5 322.1 321.4 322.6 358 323 322 321 321 322
Security and commodity brokers.... 701.2 745.4 756.6 760.7 695 732 736 741 748 754
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 229.3 240.6 241.9 241.7 230 239 239 240 240 243
Insurance........................... 2,383 2,369 2,368 2,366 2,375 2,365 2,361 2,359 2,356 2,358
Insurance carriers................ 1,616.9 1,598.6 1,596.1 1,595.0 1,611 1,597 1,594 1,593 1,587 1,589
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 766.3 770.6 772.3 771.4 764 768 767 766 769 769
Real estate......................... 1,563 1,572 1,586 1,589 1,511 1,536 1,536 1,524 1,525 1,537
Services3............................. 39,490 40,801 40,839 40,886 39,191 40,195 40,220 40,401 40,412 40,572
Agricultural services............... 833.3 876.4 879.0 866.9 764 801 790 788 794 796
Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,002.8 2,033.1 2,089.3 2,087.0 1,857 1,902 1,904 1,922 1,930 1,935
Personal services................... 1,192.4 1,241.2 1,227.3 1,235.6 1,237 1,272 1,262 1,271 1,273 1,282
Business services................... 9,455.1 9,814.3 9,808.9 9,932.0 9,339 9,735 9,715 9,773 9,770 9,811
Services to buildings............. 1,002.2 1,009.8 1,006.4 1,005.3 992 1,001 996 997 1,000 995
Personnel supply services......... 3,723.5 3,894.5 3,869.8 3,971.2 3,626 3,885 3,855 3,873 3,854 3,876
Help supply services............ 3,343.6 3,478.1 3,453.1 3,542.5 3,251 3,485 3,440 3,444 3,435 3,446
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,858.9 1,938.1 1,947.3 1,957.9 1,857 1,927 1,929 1,933 1,948 1,956
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,190.1 1,200.6 1,201.4 1,205.1 1,185 1,195 1,192 1,191 1,194 1,200
Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.3 386.6 386.6 385.8 376 383 383 384 383 383
Motion pictures..................... 630.9 638.1 645.0 651.9 618 634 632 635 634 638
Amusement and recreation services... 1,927.6 2,053.0 2,121.2 2,087.9 1,664 1,752 1,755 1,789 1,794 1,803
Health services..................... 10024.1 10148.6 10167.6 10173.7 10,008 10,093 10,104 10,116 10,143 10,157
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,893.0 1,933.9 1,936.2 1,940.1 1,885 1,925 1,928 1,928 1,930 1,932
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,790.5 1,792.1 1,792.6 1,799.0 1,786 1,789 1,788 1,786 1,787 1,794
Hospitals......................... 3,993.4 4,016.5 4,030.4 4,027.6 3,987 3,999 4,005 4,008 4,018 4,021
Home health care services......... 633.9 644.4 644.6 641.5 636 641 641 642 645 644
Legal services...................... 1,005.1 1,028.5 1,028.6 1,020.5 999 1,004 1,006 1,009 1,012 1,015
Educational services................ 1,971.2 2,163.5 2,080.4 2,046.4 2,292 2,329 2,356 2,374 2,379 2,379
Social services..................... 2,774.4 2,943.4 2,900.5 2,909.4 2,808 2,940 2,946 2,945 2,916 2,950
Child day care services........... 642.9 744.3 696.1 701.5 701 753 758 760 765 765
Residential care.................. 784.9 826.9 832.3 832.8 780 812 816 820 826 828
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 105.1 110.2 111.8 110.6 98 102 101 103 103 103
Membership organizations............ 2,465.2 2,479.4 2,503.7 2,475.3 2,426 2,439 2,438 2,441 2,431 2,436
Engineering and management services. 3,289.4 3,438.5 3,441.5 3,451.9 3,276 3,368 3,390 3,415 3,410 3,438
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 971.0 1,017.9 1,023.0 1,026.4 957 987 995 1,005 1,007 1,011
Management and public relations... 1,050.6 1,116.2 1,114.4 1,119.4 1,045 1,088 1,096 1,110 1,105 1,113
Services, nec....................... 51.8 53.8 54.4 54.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 19,006 20,906 19,501 19,273 20,211 20,667 21,012 20,802 20,587 20,465
Federal1............................ 2,657 3,122 2,837 2,676 2,655 2,885 3,238 3,092 2,819 2,674
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,794.7 2,263.4 1,980.0 1,816.8 1,783 2,022 2,374 2,230 1,954 1,805
State............................... 4,443 4,568 4,489 4,479 4,698 4,744 4,737 4,716 4,734 4,734
Education......................... 1,682.0 1,785.3 1,690.2 1,682.8 1,972 1,990 1,983 1,967 1,982 1,972
Other State government............ 2,760.7 2,782.9 2,798.5 2,796.6 2,726 2,754 2,754 2,749 2,752 2,762
Local............................... 11,906 13,216 12,175 12,118 12,858 13,038 13,037 12,994 13,034 13,057
Education......................... 6,130.4 7,382.7 6,214.0 6,213.7 7,305 7,408 7,395 7,361 7,387 7,381
Other local government............ 5,775.8 5,833.2 5,960.9 5,904.2 5,553 5,630 5,642 5,633 5,647 5,676
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, and 41,000 in January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, and August 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be
subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 35.1 34.6 34.9 34.7 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 41.4 41.2 40.9 41.1 41.1 41.5 40.9 40.9 41.1 40.8
Mining................................ 44.5 45.1 45.2 45.0 44.1 45.3 44.1 44.7 45.2 44.6
Construction.......................... 40.0 39.6 40.3 40.2 39.0 39.6 39.2 38.7 39.3 39.2
Manufacturing......................... 41.8 41.7 41.1 41.4 41.8 42.2 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5
Durable goods........................ 42.3 42.3 41.6 41.9 42.3 42.8 42.0 42.2 42.5 41.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6
Lumber and wood products............ 41.8 41.1 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.2 40.7 40.8 41.1 40.4
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.7 39.9 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.6 40.3 39.9 40.0 39.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.1 43.5 43.8 43.8 43.5 43.6 43.0 42.9 43.7 43.2
Primary metal industries............ 44.1 44.1 43.4 43.3 44.4 44.9 43.8 43.9 44.2 43.5
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.9 45.0 44.7 44.1 45.0 45.0 44.7 45.0 45.0 44.2
Fabricated metal products........... 42.3 42.5 41.7 42.0 42.3 43.0 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.1 42.5 41.9 41.9 42.3 42.9 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.1
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.6 41.5 41.1 41.1 41.6 42.2 41.3 41.4 41.9 41.1
Transportation equipment............ 43.7 44.0 41.9 43.2 43.9 44.3 43.2 44.0 43.9 43.5
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.7 45.3 41.9 44.2 45.1 45.5 44.2 45.3 44.4 44.7
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.0 41.5 41.6 41.2 41.3 41.8 41.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.0 39.5 38.9 39.5 40.0 39.8 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.4
Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.8 40.3 40.6 41.0 41.3 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2
Food and kindred products........... 42.0 41.4 41.2 41.7 41.7 41.9 41.2 41.5 41.2 41.5
Tobacco products.................... 40.1 40.1 39.5 40.3 39.8 40.8 39.6 39.4 40.5 40.0
Textile mill products............... 41.1 41.4 40.5 40.6 41.0 41.9 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.4
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.5 37.4 36.8 36.8 37.4 38.0 37.1 37.0 37.3 36.7
Paper and allied products........... 43.3 42.8 42.2 42.1 43.6 43.6 42.8 42.8 42.4 42.4
Printing and publishing............. 38.4 37.8 37.9 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.0 38.2 38.2 38.1
Chemicals and allied products....... 43.1 42.9 42.8 42.7 43.2 42.9 42.7 42.9 43.3 42.8
Petroleum and coal products......... 42.6 43.6 45.1 43.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 41.6 40.6 41.0 41.7 42.1 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.2
Leather and leather products........ 38.7 38.4 36.5 38.5 37.9 38.9 38.2 37.8 37.3 37.8
Service-producing....................... 33.5 32.9 33.3 33.1 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.7
Transportation and public utilities... 39.4 38.5 39.2 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.2
Wholesale trade....................... 38.6 38.5 38.8 38.2 38.3 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.2
Retail trade.......................... 29.9 29.3 29.8 29.6 29.0 28.8 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 37.0 36.2 36.7 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.1
Services.............................. 33.2 32.7 33.0 32.9 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.20 $13.62 $13.69 $13.68 $463.32 $471.25 $477.78 $474.70
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.30 13.70 13.76 13.80 458.85 472.65 473.34 473.34
Goods-producing......................... 14.95 15.36 15.49 15.51 618.93 632.83 633.54 637.46
Mining................................ 17.05 17.09 17.14 17.04 758.73 770.76 774.73 766.80
Construction.......................... 17.31 17.74 17.96 18.06 692.40 702.50 723.79 726.01
Manufacturing......................... 13.95 14.34 14.37 14.38 583.11 597.98 590.61 595.33
Durable goods........................ 14.47 14.90 14.87 14.92 612.08 630.27 618.59 625.15
Lumber and wood products............ 11.54 11.82 11.85 11.83 482.37 485.80 482.30 483.85
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.28 11.73 11.81 11.81 459.10 468.03 466.50 471.22
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.94 14.36 14.42 14.40 614.75 624.66 631.60 630.72
Primary metal industries............ 15.98 16.52 16.69 16.59 704.72 728.53 724.35 718.35
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.93 19.62 19.82 19.59 849.96 882.90 885.95 863.92
Fabricated metal products........... 13.52 13.82 13.81 13.90 571.90 587.35 575.88 583.80
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.14 15.51 15.61 15.60 637.39 659.18 654.06 653.64
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.52 13.72 13.81 13.81 562.43 569.38 567.59 567.59
Transportation equipment............ 18.17 19.01 18.65 18.87 794.03 836.44 781.44 815.18
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.53 19.62 19.07 19.31 828.29 888.79 799.03 853.50
Instruments and related products.... 14.28 14.49 14.71 14.71 591.19 596.99 606.05 603.11
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.31 11.60 11.66 11.65 452.40 458.20 453.57 460.18
Nondurable goods..................... 13.17 13.48 13.62 13.57 539.97 549.98 548.89 550.94
Food and kindred products........... 12.07 12.39 12.46 12.43 506.94 512.95 513.35 518.33
Tobacco products.................... 20.86 20.87 21.12 20.78 836.49 836.89 834.24 837.43
Textile mill products............... 10.72 10.91 10.96 10.98 440.59 451.67 443.88 445.79
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.88 9.07 9.06 9.09 333.00 339.22 333.41 334.51
Paper and allied products........... 15.95 16.18 16.27 16.18 690.64 692.50 686.59 681.18
Printing and publishing............. 13.83 14.15 14.28 14.30 531.07 534.87 541.21 546.26
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.41 17.91 18.32 18.32 750.37 768.34 784.10 782.26
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.21 21.19 21.26 21.08 903.55 923.88 958.83 923.30
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.37 12.72 12.82 12.77 512.12 529.15 520.49 523.57
Leather and leather products........ 9.86 10.08 10.06 10.13 381.58 387.07 367.19 390.01
Service-producing....................... 12.65 13.07 13.13 13.10 423.78 430.00 437.23 433.61
Transportation and public utilities... $15.69 $16.17 $16.21 $16.24 $618.19 $622.55 $635.43 $628.49
Wholesale trade....................... 14.65 15.04 15.26 15.21 565.49 579.04 592.09 581.02
Retail trade.......................... 9.05 9.38 9.38 9.39 270.60 274.83 279.52 277.94
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.62 14.93 15.02 14.98 540.94 540.47 551.23 539.28
Services.............................. 13.23 13.68 13.75 13.72 439.24 447.34 453.75 451.39
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
July 2000-
Aug. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.30 $13.64 $13.66 $13.70 $13.76 $13.80 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.87 7.88 7.86 7.88 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.91 15.30 15.29 15.34 15.41 15.46 .3
Mining...................... 17.16 17.26 17.25 17.24 17.24 17.15 -.5
Construction................ 17.21 17.78 17.75 17.77 17.91 17.95 .2
Manufacturing............... 14.01 14.28 14.27 14.36 14.39 14.44 .3
Excluding overtime4....... 13.27 13.49 13.53 13.60 13.64 13.70 .4
Service-producing............. 12.78 13.11 13.15 13.19 13.24 13.28 .3
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.73 16.12 16.22 16.28 16.19 16.28 .6
Wholesale trade............. 14.65 15.03 15.02 15.16 15.23 15.28 .3
Retail trade................ 9.13 9.39 9.39 9.43 9.45 9.48 .3
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.65 14.98 15.01 15.05 15.04 15.11 .5
Services.................... 13.42 13.74 13.79 13.82 13.90 13.96 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .3 percent from June 2000 to July 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 152.6 153.6 154.9 154.2 148.4 151.7 150.5 151.3 151.4 150.9
Goods-producing......................... 119.0 119.1 118.6 119.5 115.5 118.3 116.3 116.3 117.4 115.9
Mining................................ 51.1 52.3 52.7 52.8 49.7 52.2 50.7 51.4 52.0 51.3
Construction.......................... 192.0 194.0 201.3 200.8 174.6 186.3 183.6 181.4 184.2 183.1
Manufacturing......................... 107.6 107.2 104.8 106.1 107.1 107.9 106.0 106.4 107.2 105.5
Durable goods........................ 112.1 112.9 109.7 110.9 112.1 113.1 111.2 111.8 112.9 110.9
Lumber and wood products............ 152.6 148.8 146.5 147.1 147.9 147.9 146.1 145.8 146.0 142.9
Furniture and fixtures.............. 140.2 139.5 136.5 138.7 139.0 141.4 140.9 139.5 141.2 137.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 119.6 118.6 119.3 119.1 115.4 116.2 114.6 114.1 117.3 115.2
Primary metal industries............ 91.0 91.9 89.1 89.2 92.1 93.3 91.0 91.0 91.5 89.9
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.3 71.7 70.9 70.0 71.5 71.5 70.6 70.7 71.1 70.2
Fabricated metal products........... 119.2 122.8 118.6 120.1 119.5 123.0 121.2 121.9 123.3 120.6
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 103.2 106.1 104.0 103.8 104.8 106.2 104.5 105.7 106.4 105.3
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 107.2 108.3 107.2 108.3 107.7 109.6 107.1 107.8 110.2 108.7
Transportation equipment............ 126.9 127.0 117.6 122.1 127.6 126.7 123.6 125.9 125.5 122.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 169.5 172.7 153.1 163.2 170.9 171.7 166.4 171.2 166.9 164.6
Instruments and related products.... 76.3 74.3 74.6 74.0 76.5 74.7 74.0 74.3 76.0 74.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 103.2 101.0 97.3 100.6 103.2 103.0 100.2 100.1 100.9 100.1
Nondurable goods..................... 101.5 99.5 98.2 99.6 100.1 100.7 98.9 99.0 99.4 98.2
Food and kindred products........... 122.9 116.8 118.6 122.9 116.5 118.4 116.3 117.3 117.2 116.8
Tobacco products.................... 50.9 44.3 43.1 46.2 49.3 50.5 49.0 48.8 50.2 45.6
Textile mill products............... 80.4 79.7 76.8 77.3 80.1 80.6 78.7 78.6 78.7 76.9
Apparel and other textile products.. 59.9 57.5 55.1 55.5 59.5 59.2 57.2 56.1 57.3 55.3
Paper and allied products........... 107.0 105.9 103.6 103.5 107.3 106.7 104.8 105.2 103.8 104.0
Printing and publishing............. 122.3 121.5 121.9 122.7 122.0 123.2 121.7 122.4 122.8 122.4
Chemicals and allied products....... 102.5 102.6 101.4 101.0 102.6 102.7 102.1 102.0 102.8 101.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 73.3 64.6 66.6 65.4 71.4 66.6 64.0 62.9 64.7 63.4
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 146.8 149.0 143.3 145.5 147.7 149.3 146.8 147.6 148.2 146.3
Leather and leather products........ 34.4 32.7 29.5 32.4 33.8 32.9 32.3 31.9 32.1 31.9
Service-producing....................... 167.6 169.1 171.2 169.8 163.2 166.6 165.9 167.0 166.6 166.6
Transportation and public utilities... 136.1 137.7 139.3 136.1 134.6 137.3 136.1 136.4 138.5 134.7
Wholesale trade....................... 132.2 133.6 134.5 132.4 130.3 133.0 133.1 133.0 132.6 131.7
Retail trade.......................... 149.1 148.2 150.7 149.6 143.5 144.9 143.9 145.3 144.6 144.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 143.7 140.4 143.2 140.6 139.2 139.3 138.7 139.8 139.1 138.9
Services.............................. 207.4 212.0 214.1 213.4 202.3 208.6 207.9 209.5 208.5 209.9
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 p57.7 p52.1
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 p57.0 p58.0
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 p61.9 p59.7
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. p65.0 p63.5
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 p55.4 p38.8
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 p52.5 p47.8
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 p52.5 p46.8
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. p47.8 p45.3
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: October 06, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_aug2000.htm
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