Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-293
http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, September 7, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 2001
Employment fell and the unemployment rate rose sharply to 4.9 percent in
August, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment declined by 113,000, due primarily
to another large drop in manufacturing and a decline in transportation and
public utilities. Most other major industries showed little or no change in
employment over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons increased by more than half a million
to nearly 7 million in August. The unemployment rate rose by 0.4 percentage
point to 4.9 percent, seasonally adjusted, the highest level since September
1997. The jobless rate had been about 4.5 percent since April; its most
recent low was 3.9 percent in October 2000. The rates for most major worker
groups were up over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
The number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks and the number
unemployed 15 weeks or more both increased over the month. (See table A-6.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment dropped by about 1 million in August to 134.4 million,
seasonally adjusted. This decline followed an increase of about 450,000 in
July. Young workers--those ages 16 to 24--accounted for two-thirds of the
over-the-month decline in employment. The employment-population ratio fell
by one-half percentage point in August to 63.4 percent. This series had
hit an all-time high of 64.8 percent in April 2000. (See table A-1.)
The civilian labor force fell by about 400,000 in August to 141.4
million, seasonally adjusted. The labor force participation rate--the
proportion of the population 16 years of age and older who are either
working or looking for work--declined to 66.6 percent.
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In August, the number of persons not in the labor force who reported that
they currently want a job rose to 4.9 million, seasonally adjusted, up from
4.3 million a year earlier. These individuals are not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4-week period preceding the
survey. Indeed, most had not searched for over a year. (See table A-1.)
About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in August, up from 1.1 million a year earlier.
These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
In August, the number of discouraged workers was 335,000, up from 205,000 a
year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no
jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 113,000 in August to 132.3 million,
seasonally adjusted. This was the third loss in the past 5 months, resulting
in a net decline of 323,000 jobs over the period. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment continued to
fall, and August's decline of 141,000 was the largest this year. Since
July 2000, employment in the industry has fallen by 1 million. In August,
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| July-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | Aug.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| I | II | June | July | Aug. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,858| 141,461| 141,354| 141,774| 141,350| -424
Employment..........| 135,864| 135,130| 134,932| 135,379| 134,393| -986
Unemployment........| 5,994| 6,331| 6,422| 6,395| 6,957| 562
Not in labor force....| 69,171| 70,072| 70,370| 70,147| 70,785| 638
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.2| 4.5| 4.5| 4.5| 4.9| 0.4
Adult men...........| 3.7| 4.0| 4.0| 3.9| 4.4| .5
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| 3.9| 4.2| .3
Teenagers...........| 13.7| 14.0| 14.3| 14.8| 16.1| 1.3
White...............| 3.7| 3.9| 4.0| 4.0| 4.3| .3
Black...............| 8.1| 8.2| 8.4| 7.9| 9.1| 1.2
Hispanic origin.....| 6.2| 6.5| 6.6| 6.0| 6.3| .3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,559| 132,483| 132,431|p132,444|p132,331| p-113
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,621| 25,310| 25,186| p25,125| p24,989| p-136
Construction......| 6,878| 6,866| 6,864| p6,873| p6,878| p5
Manufacturing.....| 18,188| 17,882| 17,757| p17,686| p17,545| p-141
Service-producing 1/| 106,938| 107,173| 107,245|p107,319|p107,342| p23
Retail trade......| 23,448| 23,546| 23,561| p23,596| p23,570| p-26
Services..........| 41,026| 41,052| 41,085| p41,051| p41,123| p72
Government........| 20,673| 20,782| 20,828| p20,923| p20,920| p-3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.3| 34.2| 34.2| p34.1| p34.1| p.0
Manufacturing.......| 41.0| 40.8| 40.7| p40.9| p40.7| p-0.2
Overtime..........| 4.1| 3.9| 3.9| p4.0| p4.2| p.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 152.0| 151.4| 151.2| p150.7| p150.1| p-0.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.10| $14.25| $14.31| p$14.34| p$14.38| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 484.21| 487.46| 489.40| p488.99| p490.36| p1.37
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
virtually every major manufacturing industry lost jobs. In durable goods
manufacturing, industrial machinery and electrical equipment continued to
post the largest employment declines, 25,000 and 19,000, respectively.
Furniture experienced its largest employment decline this year, shedding
10,000 jobs. Since July of last year, the industry has lost 46,000 jobs.
In nondurable goods manufacturing, August declines in apparel, chemicals,
and rubber and miscellaneous plastics followed gains in July.
Construction employment was little changed in August. Employment in the
industry has shown no net growth in recent months, following a strong first
quarter. Employment in mining was unchanged over the month. Within mining,
oil and gas extraction has added 22,000 workers thus far in 2001. Coal
mining has added 5,000 workers over the past 4 months, the first sustained
gains in this industry in over a decade.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
rose by 72,000. Employment in health services continued on its upward
trend, adding 32,000 jobs over the month; hospitals accounted for about
half of this increase. Employment in social services rose by 33,000 in
August after being little changed in July; the average growth over the 2
months was in line with the average monthly gains in the industry over the
last year. Employment in help supply services--which provides workers to
employers in a wide array of industries--was about unchanged over the month.
The industry has been on a downward trend since last September with job
losses totaling 419,000. Employment in engineering and management services,
an industry where job growth has slowed this year, was little changed in
August. The recent downward trend in hotel employment continued in August;
job losses have totaled 42,000 since March. Following slower job growth in
recent months, computer services experienced its first employment decline
since the late 1980s, losing 5,000 jobs.
Employment in transportation and public utilities fell by 24,000 over
the month. The decline in August was the fourth in the past 5 months, and
the largest during that period. Trucking lost 8,000 jobs in August, and
has lost 16,000 since March. Over the month, employment also fell in other
transportation industries. Communications lost 8,000 jobs, concentrated in
telephone communications.
Retail trade employment was down in August, as eating and drinking places
lost 30,000 jobs following a large increase in July. Employment in wholesale
trade and in finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed over the
month.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in August at 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.7 hours. Manufacturing
overtime was up by 0.2 hour to 4.2 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.4 percent in August to 150.1 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted, and is down by 1.4 percent since January. The manufac-
turing index fell by 1.3 percent to 96.8 in August and has fallen by
8.2 percent over the past 12 months. The current level is the lowest since
February 1983. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in August to $14.38, seasonally ad-
justed. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent to
$490.36. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 4.2 percent
and average weekly earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for September 2001 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, October 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 5 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 8 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,935 211,921 212,135 209,935 211,348 211,525 211,725 211,921 212,135
Civilian labor force............................ 141,425 143,181 141,862 140,724 141,757 141,272 141,354 141,774 141,350
Participation rate........................ 67.4 67.6 66.9 67.0 67.1 66.8 66.8 66.9 66.6
Employed...................................... 135,601 136,385 134,905 134,939 135,354 135,103 134,932 135,379 134,393
Employment-population ratio............... 64.6 64.4 63.6 64.3 64.0 63.9 63.7 63.9 63.4
Agriculture................................. 3,656 3,449 3,419 3,317 3,192 3,193 2,995 3,045 3,117
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,945 132,936 131,487 131,622 132,162 131,910 131,937 132,334 131,276
Unemployed.................................... 5,824 6,797 6,956 5,785 6,402 6,169 6,422 6,395 6,957
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.7 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9
Not in labor force.............................. 68,510 68,739 70,274 69,211 69,592 70,254 70,370 70,147 70,785
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,441 4,488 5,062 4,256 4,368 4,535 4,600 4,529 4,858
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,847 101,885 101,995 100,847 101,593 101,684 101,786 101,885 101,995
Civilian labor force............................ 76,086 76,936 76,102 75,388 75,741 75,344 75,462 75,719 75,518
Participation rate........................ 75.4 75.5 74.6 74.8 74.6 74.1 74.1 74.3 74.0
Employed...................................... 73,299 73,441 72,554 72,379 72,245 71,978 71,926 72,279 71,690
Employment-population ratio............... 72.7 72.1 71.1 71.8 71.1 70.8 70.7 70.9 70.3
Unemployed.................................... 2,787 3,494 3,548 3,009 3,496 3,366 3,535 3,439 3,828
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 4.5 4.7 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 5.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,754 93,708 93,810 92,754 93,410 93,541 93,616 93,708 93,810
Civilian labor force............................ 71,324 71,818 71,713 71,029 71,575 71,351 71,346 71,555 71,514
Participation rate........................ 76.9 76.6 76.4 76.6 76.6 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.2
Employed...................................... 69,176 69,081 68,828 68,710 68,706 68,595 68,466 68,745 68,402
Employment-population ratio............... 74.6 73.7 73.4 74.1 73.6 73.3 73.1 73.4 72.9
Agriculture................................. 2,441 2,231 2,301 2,276 2,117 2,169 2,035 2,028 2,140
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,735 66,850 66,527 66,434 66,589 66,426 66,430 66,717 66,262
Unemployed.................................... 2,148 2,737 2,885 2,319 2,869 2,756 2,880 2,810 3,112
Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 3.8 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.4
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,088 110,035 110,140 109,088 109,756 109,842 109,939 110,035 110,140
Civilian labor force............................ 65,339 66,246 65,759 65,336 66,016 65,928 65,893 66,055 65,833
Participation rate........................ 59.9 60.2 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.0 59.9 60.0 59.8
Employed...................................... 62,302 62,943 62,352 62,560 63,109 63,125 63,006 63,100 62,703
Employment-population ratio............... 57.1 57.2 56.6 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.3 56.9
Unemployed.................................... 3,037 3,302 3,408 2,776 2,907 2,803 2,887 2,956 3,130
Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,209 102,067 102,165 101,209 101,870 101,938 102,023 102,067 102,165
Civilian labor force............................ 60,909 61,575 61,743 61,265 62,132 62,119 61,890 62,145 62,172
Participation rate........................ 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 61.0 60.9 60.7 60.9 60.9
Employed...................................... 58,369 58,940 58,851 58,992 59,741 59,766 59,510 59,752 59,562
Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.7 57.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 58.3 58.5 58.3
Agriculture................................. 883 846 820 808 847 822 752 773 766
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,486 58,094 58,032 58,184 58,895 58,943 58,759 58,978 58,796
Unemployed.................................... 2,539 2,636 2,892 2,273 2,390 2,353 2,380 2,394 2,610
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,972 16,145 16,161 15,972 16,068 16,046 16,086 16,145 16,161
Civilian labor force............................ 9,192 9,788 8,406 8,430 8,050 7,802 8,118 8,074 7,664
Participation rate........................ 57.6 60.6 52.0 52.8 50.1 48.6 50.5 50.0 47.4
Employed...................................... 8,055 8,364 7,226 7,237 6,907 6,742 6,956 6,883 6,429
Employment-population ratio............... 50.4 51.8 44.7 45.3 43.0 42.0 43.2 42.6 39.8
Agriculture................................. 331 373 299 233 229 201 209 244 211
Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,724 7,991 6,928 7,004 6,678 6,541 6,748 6,638 6,218
Unemployed.................................... 1,137 1,424 1,180 1,193 1,143 1,060 1,162 1,191 1,236
Unemployment rate......................... 12.4 14.5 14.0 14.2 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,587 175,924 176,069 174,587 175,533 175,653 175,789 175,924 176,069
Civilian labor force............................ 118,018 119,119 118,065 117,554 118,145 117,688 117,733 117,982 117,726
Participation rate.......................... 67.6 67.7 67.1 67.3 67.3 67.0 67.0 67.1 66.9
Employed...................................... 113,845 114,222 113,084 113,378 113,434 113,185 113,037 113,237 112,703
Employment-population ratio................. 65.2 64.9 64.2 64.9 64.6 64.4 64.3 64.4 64.0
Unemployed.................................... 4,173 4,897 4,981 4,176 4,711 4,503 4,696 4,745 5,024
Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,512 60,714 60,648 60,363 60,598 60,512 60,389 60,432 60,575
Participation rate.......................... 77.3 77.0 76.8 77.2 77.0 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.7
Employed...................................... 58,994 58,771 58,589 58,681 58,488 58,493 58,244 58,362 58,297
Employment-population ratio................. 75.4 74.5 74.2 75.0 74.3 74.3 73.9 74.0 73.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,518 1,943 2,059 1,682 2,110 2,019 2,145 2,069 2,278
Unemployment rate........................... 2.5 3.2 3.4 2.8 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,727 50,161 50,268 50,083 50,697 50,611 50,431 50,684 50,656
Participation rate.......................... 59.4 59.6 59.6 59.9 60.3 60.2 59.9 60.2 60.1
Employed...................................... 47,855 48,240 48,204 48,442 48,907 48,902 48,749 48,925 48,839
Employment-population ratio................. 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.9 58.2 58.1 57.9 58.1 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 1,872 1,921 2,065 1,641 1,790 1,708 1,682 1,759 1,817
Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 7,779 8,244 7,149 7,108 6,850 6,566 6,913 6,866 6,495
Participation rate.......................... 61.3 64.4 55.8 56.0 53.7 51.4 54.0 53.6 50.7
Employed...................................... 6,996 7,211 6,292 6,255 6,039 5,790 6,044 5,950 5,567
Employment-population ratio................. 55.1 56.3 49.1 49.3 47.3 45.3 47.2 46.5 43.4
Unemployed.................................... 783 1,033 857 853 812 776 869 916 928
Unemployment rate........................... 10.1 12.5 12.0 12.0 11.8 11.8 12.6 13.3 14.3
Men....................................... 10.6 12.7 12.8 13.1 12.8 13.1 14.5 13.7 15.8
Women..................................... 9.4 12.4 11.0 10.8 10.8 10.5 10.6 13.0 12.7
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,258 25,565 25,604 25,258 25,472 25,501 25,533 25,565 25,604
Civilian labor force............................ 16,630 16,990 16,788 16,540 16,666 16,639 16,756 16,693 16,712
Participation rate.......................... 65.8 66.5 65.6 65.5 65.4 65.2 65.6 65.3 65.3
Employed...................................... 15,269 15,481 15,215 15,239 15,299 15,311 15,343 15,374 15,195
Employment-population ratio................. 60.5 60.6 59.4 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.1 60.1 59.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,361 1,509 1,572 1,301 1,367 1,328 1,413 1,320 1,517
Unemployment rate........................... 8.2 8.9 9.4 7.9 8.2 8.0 8.4 7.9 9.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,337 7,439 7,418 7,331 7,369 7,275 7,317 7,395 7,424
Participation rate.......................... 72.4 72.6 72.3 72.4 72.2 71.2 71.5 72.1 72.3
Employed...................................... 6,824 6,815 6,772 6,802 6,761 6,723 6,744 6,808 6,752
Employment-population ratio................. 67.4 66.5 66.0 67.2 66.2 65.8 65.9 66.4 65.8
Unemployed.................................... 513 624 646 529 608 552 573 586 672
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 8.4 8.7 7.2 8.2 7.6 7.8 7.9 9.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,215 8,371 8,387 8,249 8,353 8,421 8,491 8,409 8,424
Participation rate.......................... 64.9 65.2 65.3 65.1 65.3 65.8 66.3 65.5 65.6
Employed...................................... 7,656 7,808 7,756 7,734 7,892 7,882 7,917 7,903 7,842
Employment-population ratio................. 60.4 60.8 60.4 61.1 61.7 61.6 61.8 61.6 61.0
Unemployed.................................... 559 564 631 515 460 539 573 506 582
Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 6.7 7.5 6.2 5.5 6.4 6.8 6.0 6.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,078 1,179 982 960 944 942 948 890 864
Participation rate.......................... 43.8 47.5 39.5 39.0 38.2 38.0 38.2 35.8 34.8
Employed...................................... 788 858 687 703 646 706 681 663 601
Employment-population ratio................. 32.0 34.5 27.7 28.5 26.1 28.5 27.5 26.7 24.2
Unemployed.................................... 289 321 295 257 299 236 267 227 263
Unemployment rate........................... 26.8 27.3 30.0 26.8 31.6 25.1 28.2 25.5 30.4
Men....................................... 31.8 29.7 32.7 31.7 34.9 30.0 30.7 26.9 32.5
Women..................................... 22.4 24.9 27.2 22.3 28.6 20.3 26.0 24.3 28.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,488 23,157 23,222 22,488 22,957 23,021 23,090 23,157 23,222
Civilian labor force............................ 15,357 15,792 15,798 15,312 15,775 15,608 15,570 15,788 15,772
Participation rate.......................... 68.3 68.2 68.0 68.1 68.7 67.8 67.4 68.2 67.9
Employed...................................... 14,458 14,814 14,778 14,439 14,747 14,634 14,538 14,843 14,778
Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 64.0 63.6 64.2 64.2 63.6 63.0 64.1 63.6
Unemployed.................................... 899 979 1,020 873 1,028 975 1,032 945 994
Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 6.2 6.5 5.7 6.5 6.2 6.6 6.0 6.3
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,306 27,679 27,468 28,306 28,326 28,350 28,504 27,679 27,468
Civilian labor force.................... 12,456 11,986 12,034 12,264 12,371 12,319 12,170 12,188 11,799
Percent of population............... 44.0 43.3 43.8 43.3 43.7 43.5 42.7 44.0 43.0
Employed.............................. 11,747 11,221 11,239 11,491 11,558 11,523 11,338 11,380 10,943
Employment-population ratio......... 41.5 40.5 40.9 40.6 40.8 40.6 39.8 41.1 39.8
Unemployed............................ 709 765 795 773 813 797 831 808 856
Unemployment rate................... 5.7 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.6 7.3
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 56,882 56,947 57,513 56,882 57,456 57,456 57,099 56,947 57,513
Civilian labor force.................... 36,395 36,286 36,674 36,743 37,053 36,952 36,821 36,970 37,096
Percent of population............... 64.0 63.7 63.8 64.6 64.5 64.3 64.5 64.9 64.5
Employed.............................. 35,097 34,795 35,105 35,397 35,650 35,507 35,391 35,468 35,460
Employment-population ratio......... 61.7 61.1 61.0 62.2 62.0 61.8 62.0 62.3 61.7
Unemployed............................ 1,298 1,491 1,569 1,346 1,403 1,446 1,431 1,502 1,636
Unemployment rate................... 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.4
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,616 45,444 45,339 44,616 44,653 44,576 44,812 45,444 45,339
Civilian labor force.................... 32,980 33,432 33,440 33,039 33,044 33,192 33,314 33,296 33,481
Percent of population............... 73.9 73.6 73.8 74.1 74.0 74.5 74.3 73.3 73.8
Employed.............................. 32,036 32,366 32,310 32,137 32,065 32,188 32,263 32,301 32,407
Employment-population ratio......... 71.8 71.2 71.3 72.0 71.8 72.2 72.0 71.1 71.5
Unemployed............................ 944 1,066 1,130 902 978 1,004 1,051 994 1,075
Unemployment rate................... 2.9 3.2 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,718 46,784 46,734 45,718 46,045 46,271 46,348 46,784 46,734
Civilian labor force.................... 35,827 36,635 36,528 35,953 36,646 36,687 36,592 36,634 36,649
Percent of population............... 78.4 78.3 78.2 78.6 79.6 79.3 78.9 78.3 78.4
Employed.............................. 35,038 35,752 35,547 35,324 35,802 35,915 35,796 35,859 35,870
Employment-population ratio......... 76.6 76.4 76.1 77.3 77.8 77.6 77.2 76.6 76.8
Unemployed............................ 788 883 980 629 845 771 796 775 779
Unemployment rate................... 2.2 2.4 2.7 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,601 136,385 134,905 134,939 135,354 135,103 134,932 135,379 134,393
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,416 43,251 43,215 43,375 43,516 43,733 43,428 43,294 43,172
Married women, spouse present................... 32,912 32,931 33,129 33,507 33,662 33,686 33,380 33,603 33,805
Women who maintain families..................... 8,536 8,507 8,389 8,492 8,160 8,319 8,529 8,567 8,323
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,663 41,629 41,465 40,917 41,841 41,996 41,987 41,917 41,750
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,104 39,145 38,625 39,100 39,014 38,743 38,998 39,067 38,664
Service occupations............................. 17,976 18,996 18,287 17,749 18,258 18,224 18,576 18,642 18,052
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,324 15,222 15,200 15,189 14,834 14,962 14,794 14,997 15,050
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,722 17,762 17,780 18,561 18,127 17,904 17,564 17,571 17,655
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,812 3,631 3,548 3,390 3,238 3,251 3,136 3,166 3,154
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,253 2,028 2,032 2,048 1,902 1,958 1,775 1,786 1,850
Self-employed workers......................... 1,356 1,392 1,349 1,241 1,223 1,201 1,166 1,256 1,239
Unpaid family workers......................... 46 29 38 36 47 38 36 22 29
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,181 124,162 122,866 122,931 123,395 123,416 123,009 123,432 122,686
Government.................................. 18,015 18,371 18,566 18,644 18,854 19,067 18,812 18,919 19,219
Private industries.......................... 105,166 105,792 104,301 104,287 104,541 104,349 104,197 104,513 103,467
Private households........................ 753 811 792 781 812 789 744 790 827
Other industries.......................... 104,413 104,981 103,509 103,506 103,729 103,559 103,453 103,723 102,640
Self-employed workers......................... 8,658 8,694 8,515 8,618 8,608 8,530 8,741 8,574 8,481
Unpaid family workers......................... 105 79 106 114 93 103 94 88 113
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,120 3,681 3,289 3,170 3,201 3,371 3,637 3,466 3,326
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,844 2,167 1,946 1,980 2,097 2,215 2,299 2,120 2,086
Could only find part-time work.............. 863 1,113 913 880 873 900 1,025 999 935
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,052 16,452 16,434 18,704 18,713 18,581 18,472 18,845 19,153
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,005 3,559 3,177 3,038 3,061 3,197 3,532 3,336 3,196
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,774 2,094 1,874 1,901 1,985 2,089 2,234 2,059 2,004
Could only find part-time work.............. 843 1,088 888 861 864 876 1,024 985 911
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,480 15,929 15,886 18,142 18,176 18,061 18,039 18,309 18,580
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,785 6,395 6,957 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,319 2,810 3,112 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.4
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,273 2,394 2,610 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,193 1,191 1,236 14.2 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1
Married men, spouse present.................... 894 1,170 1,220 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7
Married women, spouse present.................. 964 981 1,034 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0
Women who maintain families.................... 542 569 600 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.7
Full-time workers.............................. 4,601 5,173 5,583 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.8
Part-time workers.............................. 1,194 1,242 1,370 5.0 5.5 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 770 955 1,071 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,616 1,608 1,732 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.3
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 512 663 753 3.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,253 1,369 1,478 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 7.2 7.7
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 230 258 299 6.4 7.5 7.1 6.2 7.5 8.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,469 5,158 5,617 4.1 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.1
Goods-producing industries................... 1,249 1,584 1,744 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 6.2
Mining..................................... 21 21 25 4.3 5.1 5.5 6.8 3.7 4.3
Construction............................... 520 570 626 6.4 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.5
Manufacturing.............................. 708 994 1,092 3.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.7
Durable goods............................ 380 567 689 3.1 4.3 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.8
Nondurable goods......................... 328 427 403 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.7 5.5
Service-producing industries................. 3,220 3,574 3,873 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.8
Transportation and public utilities........ 250 265 286 3.1 4.1 3.8 4.4 3.3 3.5
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,411 1,447 1,537 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 189 259 222 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.7
Services................................... 1,370 1,603 1,828 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.9
Government workers............................. 437 402 410 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 179 219 210 8.0 9.2 8.2 9.6 10.9 10.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,513 2,873 2,926 2,567 2,958 2,679 2,809 2,612 3,004
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,031 2,347 2,333 1,832 1,977 2,028 2,084 2,150 2,100
15 weeks and over................................ 1,280 1,576 1,697 1,373 1,499 1,484 1,540 1,587 1,817
15 to 26 weeks................................ 567 876 843 673 759 852 804 935 982
27 weeks and over............................. 713 700 854 700 740 632 737 652 835
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.9 12.3 13.2 13.0 12.6 12.2 13.0 12.5 13.3
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.5 6.2 6.9 6.1 5.8 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 43.2 42.3 42.1 44.5 46.0 43.3 43.7 41.1 43.4
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 34.9 34.5 33.5 31.7 30.7 32.8 32.4 33.9 30.3
15 weeks and over.............................. 22.0 23.2 24.4 23.8 23.3 24.0 23.9 25.0 26.3
15 to 26 weeks............................... 9.7 12.9 12.1 11.7 11.8 13.8 12.5 14.7 14.2
27 weeks and over............................ 12.2 10.3 12.3 12.1 11.5 10.2 11.4 10.3 12.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,544 3,327 3,334 2,585 3,199 3,159 3,291 3,252 3,409
On temporary layoff............................. 843 1,033 1,000 907 1,053 1,084 940 1,003 1,079
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,701 2,294 2,334 1,678 2,146 2,075 2,351 2,249 2,330
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,154 1,721 1,704 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 546 573 630 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 856 825 977 780 749 820 810 774 894
Reentrants........................................ 1,902 2,000 2,129 1,930 2,005 1,801 1,906 1,912 2,166
New entrants...................................... 522 644 516 503 462 482 477 436 495
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 43.7 49.0 47.9 44.6 49.9 50.4 50.8 51.0 49.0
On temporary layoff............................ 14.5 15.2 14.4 15.6 16.4 17.3 14.5 15.7 15.5
Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.2 33.8 33.5 28.9 33.5 33.1 36.3 35.3 33.5
Job leavers...................................... 14.7 12.1 14.0 13.5 11.7 13.1 12.5 12.1 12.8
Reentrants....................................... 32.7 29.4 30.6 33.3 31.3 28.8 29.4 30.0 31.1
New entrants..................................... 9.0 9.5 7.4 8.7 7.2 7.7 7.4 6.8 7.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5
New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.1 4.7 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.3 5.0 5.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.9 5.6 5.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.0 8.1 8.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,785 6,395 6,957 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,143 2,281 2,544 9.4 10.4 9.9 10.4 10.1 11.5
16 to 19 years................................ 1,193 1,191 1,236 14.2 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1
16 to 17 years.............................. 560 609 559 16.9 16.7 15.5 16.0 19.3 19.1
18 to 19 years.............................. 646 582 701 12.6 12.6 12.2 13.1 11.8 14.7
20 to 24 years................................ 950 1,090 1,308 6.6 8.3 7.9 8.2 7.5 9.0
25 years and over............................... 3,669 4,104 4,423 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7
25 to 54 years................................ 3,198 3,604 3,884 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.9
55 years and over............................. 488 521 573 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,009 3,439 3,828 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 5.1
16 to 24 years................................ 1,213 1,228 1,435 10.2 10.9 11.0 11.8 10.4 12.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 690 629 716 15.8 15.1 15.3 15.9 15.1 17.9
16 to 17 years............................ 285 304 335 17.1 18.7 17.4 18.0 19.0 22.7
18 to 19 years............................ 407 331 391 15.2 12.8 13.9 14.5 13.0 15.4
20 to 24 years.............................. 523 599 720 6.9 8.7 8.7 9.5 7.9 9.5
25 years and over............................. 1,798 2,220 2,384 2.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,553 1,910 2,086 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9
55 years and over........................... 278 307 345 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,776 2,956 3,130 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8
16 to 24 years................................ 930 1,053 1,108 8.6 9.8 8.8 8.9 9.7 10.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 503 562 520 12.4 13.3 11.8 12.7 14.4 14.2
16 to 17 years............................ 275 305 224 16.8 14.5 13.6 14.0 19.6 15.5
18 to 19 years............................ 239 251 310 9.8 12.4 10.4 11.6 10.6 13.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 427 491 588 6.3 7.8 7.1 6.7 7.1 8.4
25 years and over............................. 1,871 1,884 2,039 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,645 1,694 1,798 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.8
55 years and over........................... 210 214 229 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.7
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,510 70,274 24,762 25,893 43,748 44,380
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,441 5,062 1,759 2,081 2,682 2,980
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,095 1,357 511 711 584 646
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 205 335 122 176 83 159
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 890 1,022 389 535 502 487
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,084 6,963 3,845 3,690 3,238 3,273
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,991 3,787 2,386 2,213 1,606 1,574
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,398 1,405 423 504 975 901
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 315 292 227 190 88 102
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,336 1,442 791 767 546 675
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 131,637 133,618 132,291 132,168 131,837 132,489 132,530 132,431 132,444 132,331
Total private.................... 112,234 112,727 112,495 112,454 111,237 111,742 111,760 111,603 111,521 111,411
Goods-producing......................... 26,164 25,544 25,466 25,450 25,727 25,421 25,324 25,186 25,125 24,989
Mining................................ 553 573 574 576 543 560 564 565 566 566
Metal mining........................ 41.0 35.6 34.4 33.6 40 37 37 35 34 33
Coal mining......................... 76.0 77.6 78.8 79.3 76 75 76 78 79 80
Oil and gas extraction.............. 317.2 343.3 343.8 346.5 313 335 339 340 340 342
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 118.4 116.0 117.1 116.1 114 113 112 112 113 111
Construction.......................... 7,037 7,120 7,218 7,216 6,699 6,852 6,881 6,864 6,873 6,878
General building contractors........ 1,590.7 1,597.1 1,623.6 1,623.1 1,525 1,548 1,556 1,551 1,557 1,557
Heavy construction, except building. 975.5 987.9 1,007.8 1,010.9 900 915 923 925 936 935
Special trade contractors........... 4,470.6 4,534.5 4,586.9 4,581.8 4,274 4,389 4,402 4,388 4,380 4,386
Manufacturing......................... 18,574 17,851 17,674 17,658 18,485 18,009 17,879 17,757 17,686 17,545
Production workers................ 12,687 12,025 11,866 11,876 12,631 12,166 12,066 11,956 11,897 11,790
Durable goods........................ 11,194 10,754 10,596 10,570 11,172 10,870 10,778 10,692 10,620 10,532
Production workers................ 7,609 7,207 7,063 7,049 7,608 7,308 7,235 7,157 7,096 7,026
Lumber and wood products............ 846.2 807.6 808.3 810.3 831 800 797 798 797 794
Furniture and fixtures.............. 562.1 533.0 521.8 520.2 559 543 540 532 529 519
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 589.4 580.8 581.4 579.4 580 577 574 572 571 569
Primary metal industries............ 698.8 655.5 645.2 646.5 700 667 660 654 648 645
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 225.7 211.3 208.6 208.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,542.3 1,486.2 1,463.1 1,471.0 1,541 1,503 1,488 1,478 1,475 1,467
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,126.7 2,039.9 2,003.5 1,979.1 2,133 2,072 2,054 2,031 2,006 1,981
Computer and office equipment..... 366.1 358.6 355.2 351.3 365 367 366 357 353 349
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,739.1 1,628.6 1,590.2 1,574.1 1,740 1,684 1,656 1,624 1,591 1,572
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 695.9 652.6 636.5 624.0 695 686 670 650 634 622
Transportation equipment............ 1,833.6 1,764.7 1,732.3 1,744.6 1,836 1,768 1,757 1,749 1,750 1,747
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,003.9 942.8 915.0 928.2 1,005 950 939 931 934 929
Aircraft and parts................ 462.2 466.0 465.5 464.9 464 464 465 465 466 465
Instruments and related products.... 858.6 867.3 866.8 862.3 856 866 865 865 865 859
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.8 390.0 383.8 382.5 396 390 387 389 388 379
Nondurable goods..................... 7,380 7,097 7,078 7,088 7,313 7,139 7,101 7,065 7,066 7,013
Production workers................ 5,078 4,818 4,803 4,827 5,023 4,858 4,831 4,799 4,801 4,764
Food and kindred products........... 1,727.7 1,683.4 1,704.4 1,732.3 1,679 1,687 1,684 1,685 1,680 1,675
Tobacco products.................... 33.0 31.1 31.1 32.6 33 32 33 33 33 34
Textile mill products............... 530.5 475.0 469.8 468.7 528 489 480 472 471 465
Apparel and other textile products.. 630.4 575.5 562.7 552.7 625 581 579 567 571 551
Paper and allied products........... 656.6 638.9 634.3 630.8 655 641 639 635 632 627
Printing and publishing............. 1,549.0 1,497.8 1,491.3 1,484.5 1,549 1,512 1,502 1,495 1,490 1,484
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,038.9 1,039.1 1,039.4 1,036.4 1,036 1,036 1,033 1,033 1,038 1,034
Petroleum and coal products......... 130.5 130.1 131.1 130.5 128 128 127 128 128 127
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,011.2 960.5 951.9 955.7 1,009 967 959 953 959 953
Leather and leather products........ 72.2 65.5 61.6 63.4 71 66 65 64 64 63
Service-producing....................... 105,473 108,074 106,825 106,718 106,110 107,068 107,206 107,245 107,319 107,342
Transportation and public utilities... 6,948 7,151 7,099 7,086 6,963 7,119 7,130 7,118 7,113 7,089
Transportation...................... 4,527 4,591 4,541 4,535 4,548 4,576 4,584 4,571 4,564 4,547
Railroad transportation........... 236.5 228.7 228.9 228.7 236 230 230 227 228 227
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 416.0 480.9 420.5 420.1 478 477 483 483 483 482
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,891.8 1,882.2 1,887.3 1,888.4 1,860 1,864 1,867 1,867 1,864 1,856
Water transportation.............. 207.9 208.0 214.6 212.6 198 202 203 201 203 201
Transportation by air............. 1,283.8 1,307.4 1,304.8 1,302.8 1,288 1,313 1,315 1,310 1,305 1,302
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.8 14.1 14.2 14.3 14 14 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 477.4 470.1 470.4 468.5 474 476 472 469 467 465
Communications and public utilities. 2,421 2,560 2,558 2,551 2,415 2,543 2,546 2,547 2,549 2,542
Communications.................... 1,566.2 1,707.0 1,702.6 1,697.5 1,565 1,696 1,699 1,700 1,701 1,693
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 855.0 853.2 854.9 853.5 850 847 847 847 848 849
Wholesale trade....................... 7,067 7,069 7,054 7,040 7,037 7,053 7,038 7,022 7,019 7,017
Durable goods....................... 4,218 4,185 4,171 4,162 4,201 4,187 4,174 4,166 4,151 4,142
Nondurable goods.................... 2,849 2,884 2,883 2,878 2,836 2,866 2,864 2,856 2,868 2,875
Retail trade.......................... 23,490 23,772 23,704 23,719 23,348 23,530 23,546 23,561 23,596 23,570
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,033.1 1,064.3 1,042.4 1,031.5 1,015 999 1,006 1,014 1,008 1,014
General merchandise stores.......... 2,777.0 2,754.1 2,741.7 2,761.3 2,830 2,804 2,821 2,818 2,812 2,814
Department stores................. 2,434.7 2,412.6 2,398.7 2,419.8 2,483 2,459 2,473 2,471 2,459 2,461
Food stores......................... 3,542.3 3,558.0 3,562.5 3,550.1 3,526 3,562 3,553 3,544 3,537 3,530
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,442.6 2,454.2 2,459.7 2,462.7 2,418 2,421 2,428 2,431 2,435 2,442
New and used car dealers.......... 1,123.6 1,132.4 1,135.3 1,140.0 1,118 1,122 1,126 1,128 1,130 1,134
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,201.1 1,214.8 1,213.3 1,228.8 1,195 1,226 1,231 1,227 1,218 1,224
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,128.6 1,125.6 1,127.7 1,127.9 1,138 1,140 1,136 1,136 1,138 1,136
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,314.0 8,494.3 8,456.7 8,454.2 8,132 8,213 8,216 8,241 8,297 8,267
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,051.1 3,107.1 3,099.6 3,102.3 3,094 3,165 3,155 3,150 3,151 3,143
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,620 7,698 7,709 7,702 7,549 7,626 7,644 7,631 7,617 7,623
Finance............................. 3,724 3,784 3,780 3,780 3,707 3,761 3,770 3,767 3,754 3,757
Depository institutions........... 2,034.4 2,051.8 2,053.8 2,052.7 2,024 2,032 2,037 2,041 2,040 2,039
Commercial banks................ 1,433.8 1,435.3 1,435.9 1,434.0 1,425 1,421 1,426 1,428 1,426 1,424
Savings institutions............ 253.8 257.6 257.2 257.6 253 255 255 256 255 256
Nondepository institutions........ 675.3 702.0 704.8 711.2 674 691 697 699 702 709
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 302.5 318.2 321.8 324.6 301 308 313 317 321 324
Security and commodity brokers.... 763.1 769.2 763.1 759.9 756 780 776 766 755 752
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 251.5 260.6 258.2 256.4 253 258 260 261 257 257
Insurance........................... 2,348 2,365 2,368 2,364 2,341 2,356 2,358 2,356 2,357 2,357
Insurance carriers................ 1,590.0 1,604.7 1,606.5 1,603.5 1,585 1,596 1,598 1,598 1,599 1,598
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 757.5 760.6 761.4 760.0 756 760 760 758 758 759
Real estate......................... 1,548 1,549 1,561 1,558 1,501 1,509 1,516 1,508 1,506 1,509
Services2............................. 40,945 41,493 41,463 41,457 40,613 40,993 41,078 41,085 41,051 41,123
Agricultural services............... 871.2 918.3 918.2 905.5 801 824 834 833 833 836
Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,076.7 2,039.9 2,090.5 2,083.8 1,923 1,944 1,935 1,920 1,923 1,918
Personal services................... 1,212.6 1,246.4 1,231.5 1,238.9 1,256 1,267 1,277 1,279 1,281 1,285
Business services................... 10041.9 9,706.2 9,636.3 9,712.1 9,921 9,729 9,702 9,666 9,599 9,601
Services to buildings............. 1,002.9 1,019.3 1,007.3 1,006.9 994 1,009 1,013 1,008 1,000 1,000
Personnel supply services......... 4,018.0 3,577.3 3,528.2 3,622.7 3,917 3,600 3,590 3,556 3,519 3,535
Help supply services............ 3,606.6 3,187.0 3,143.5 3,227.7 3,506 3,202 3,198 3,161 3,130 3,128
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,116.2 2,205.2 2,207.9 2,202.2 2,114 2,199 2,200 2,205 2,205 2,200
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,259.7 1,313.9 1,319.5 1,315.6 1,254 1,300 1,309 1,303 1,313 1,309
Miscellaneous repair services....... 368.2 363.5 363.1 364.3 366 364 363 361 360 362
Motion pictures..................... 610.0 607.4 605.3 603.2 596 601 587 602 593 585
Amusement and recreation services... 2,019.8 2,037.5 2,102.1 2,062.8 1,741 1,764 1,787 1,768 1,776 1,773
Health services..................... 10131.7 10355.6 10378.3 10403.4 10,114 10,280 10,296 10,329 10,352 10,384
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,931.8 1,985.4 1,986.0 1,994.9 1,926 1,967 1,973 1,981 1,982 1,990
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,803.5 1,825.4 1,826.9 1,831.0 1,798 1,816 1,814 1,821 1,823 1,824
Hospitals......................... 3,998.6 4,092.6 4,110.5 4,117.8 3,993 4,062 4,071 4,086 4,097 4,114
Home health care services......... 644.8 649.5 648.0 651.7 645 646 645 648 648 653
Legal services...................... 1,018.0 1,043.9 1,042.7 1,035.8 1,011 1,021 1,027 1,027 1,026 1,029
Educational services................ 2,031.7 2,222.2 2,131.0 2,100.0 2,352 2,388 2,431 2,426 2,429 2,429
Social services..................... 2,854.4 3,049.5 3,026.6 3,042.5 2,889 3,023 3,039 3,056 3,055 3,088
Child day care services........... 658.2 737.5 694.9 704.8 719 743 745 756 764 767
Residential care.................. 811.8 850.8 854.0 856.5 809 835 842 845 847 850
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 114.7 119.4 121.3 119.2 107 109 110 111 111 111
Membership organizations............ 2,506.9 2,540.7 2,557.4 2,533.6 2,470 2,489 2,496 2,501 2,488 2,496
Engineering and management services. 3,455.6 3,554.0 3,564.5 3,561.5 3,440 3,517 3,512 3,529 3,538 3,542
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,042.4 1,075.9 1,083.0 1,083.8 1,026 1,053 1,057 1,059 1,064 1,067
Management and public relations... 1,104.7 1,134.0 1,130.6 1,130.4 1,098 1,124 1,121 1,124 1,121 1,125
Services, nec....................... 50.3 52.6 52.8 53.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 19,403 20,891 19,796 19,714 20,600 20,747 20,770 20,828 20,923 20,920
Federal............................. 2,659 2,641 2,644 2,629 2,653 2,615 2,612 2,621 2,626 2,619
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,802.1 1,796.5 1,795.0 1,782.7 1,790 1,756 1,754 1,772 1,772 1,771
State............................... 4,538 4,701 4,643 4,649 4,794 4,847 4,854 4,881 4,906 4,902
Education......................... 1,745.7 1,877.3 1,806.7 1,814.9 2,037 2,065 2,066 2,089 2,113 2,108
Other State government............ 2,792.2 2,823.7 2,836.3 2,834.4 2,757 2,782 2,788 2,792 2,793 2,794
Local............................... 12,206 13,549 12,509 12,436 13,153 13,285 13,304 13,326 13,391 13,399
Education......................... 6,277.6 7,544.2 6,375.3 6,388.0 7,456 7,495 7,512 7,515 7,573 7,579
Other local government............ 5,928.7 6,004.9 6,133.6 6,048.0 5,697 5,790 5,792 5,811 5,818 5,820
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.7 34.4 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.1
Goods-producing......................... 41.1 40.6 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.5 40.3
Mining................................ 43.6 43.7 43.7 43.6 43.1 44.0 43.9 43.3 43.3 43.4
Construction.......................... 40.2 40.0 40.4 40.1 39.2 39.3 39.7 39.4 39.4 39.2
Manufacturing......................... 41.4 40.8 40.4 40.8 41.4 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.9 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2
Durable goods........................ 41.9 41.1 40.6 41.1 41.9 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.2 41.1
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1
Lumber and wood products............ 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.9 40.7 40.1 40.6 40.4 41.1 40.6
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.0 38.6 39.3 40.0 39.6 39.3 38.6 38.4 39.7 39.7
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.8 44.3 44.3 44.3 43.0 43.2 43.9 44.0 44.0 43.6
Primary metal industries............ 44.5 43.9 43.2 43.6 44.7 44.3 43.5 43.9 43.9 43.7
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 45.9 45.1 44.6 44.8 45.9 45.4 44.6 45.1 44.4 44.8
Fabricated metal products........... 42.3 41.4 40.7 41.6 42.3 42.0 41.4 41.2 41.5 41.6
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.8 40.5 40.3 40.0 42.1 41.3 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.1
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 40.6 39.3 38.4 38.9 40.5 39.8 39.1 39.3 39.0 38.8
Transportation equipment............ 43.0 42.3 40.9 43.0 43.2 42.4 42.4 41.9 42.4 43.1
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.1 43.6 41.4 44.9 44.3 43.3 43.6 43.0 43.4 45.2
Instruments and related products.... 40.7 40.7 40.4 40.2 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.8 40.8 40.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.8 38.4 37.9 38.5 38.7 38.2 37.9 38.4 38.5 38.4
Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.3 40.1 40.4 40.7 40.5 40.3 40.4 40.4 40.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2
Food and kindred products........... 42.1 41.1 40.9 41.5 41.8 41.3 41.1 41.2 40.9 41.0
Tobacco products.................... 41.7 41.3 40.3 41.2 41.0 41.1 39.1 40.4 40.5 41.0
Textile mill products............... 40.9 40.5 39.3 40.4 40.8 40.3 40.3 40.4 39.9 40.1
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.8 37.8 37.3 37.5 37.7 38.0 37.8 37.5 37.8 37.3
Paper and allied products........... 42.3 41.5 41.5 41.2 42.5 42.0 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.2
Printing and publishing............. 38.2 37.8 38.2 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.0 38.0 38.4 38.1
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.1 42.3 42.6 42.4 42.2 42.7 42.2
Petroleum and coal products......... 40.7 42.9 43.2 42.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.1 40.9 40.1 40.5 41.3 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.5
Leather and leather products........ 38.0 36.7 35.0 36.1 37.4 36.6 35.9 36.2 35.5 35.8
Service-producing....................... 33.1 32.9 33.2 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.6
Transportation and public utilities... 38.7 38.2 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.0 38.1
Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.3 38.6 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.3
Retail trade.......................... 29.5 29.0 29.5 29.3 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.7 28.6 28.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.2 36.7 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.2 36.2
Services.............................. 32.9 32.8 33.0 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.5
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.68 $14.22 $14.27 $14.26 $474.70 $489.17 $493.74 $490.54
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.80 14.31 14.34 14.38 473.34 489.40 488.99 490.36
Goods-producing......................... 15.49 15.90 16.01 16.06 636.64 645.54 648.41 653.64
Mining................................ 17.13 17.59 17.69 17.51 746.87 768.68 773.05 763.44
Construction.......................... 18.05 18.21 18.31 18.44 725.61 728.40 739.72 739.44
Manufacturing......................... 14.36 14.79 14.85 14.90 594.50 603.43 599.94 607.92
Durable goods........................ 14.81 15.24 15.27 15.39 620.54 626.36 619.96 632.53
Lumber and wood products............ 12.02 12.19 12.32 12.39 494.02 498.57 502.66 506.75
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.83 12.15 12.27 12.45 473.20 468.99 482.21 498.00
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.65 15.13 15.14 15.26 641.67 670.26 670.70 676.02
Primary metal industries............ 16.49 16.96 17.13 17.04 733.81 744.54 740.02 742.94
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.97 20.39 20.60 20.51 916.62 919.59 918.76 918.85
Fabricated metal products........... 13.85 14.25 14.24 14.36 585.86 589.95 579.57 597.38
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.61 15.82 15.91 15.95 652.50 640.71 641.17 638.00
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.76 14.51 14.61 14.72 558.66 570.24 561.02 572.61
Transportation equipment............ 18.37 18.90 18.83 19.09 789.91 799.47 770.15 820.87
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.68 19.25 19.09 19.39 823.79 839.30 790.33 870.61
Instruments and related products.... 14.44 14.81 14.99 14.95 587.71 602.77 605.60 600.99
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.56 12.07 12.12 12.19 448.53 463.49 459.35 469.32
Nondurable goods..................... 13.68 14.11 14.22 14.17 556.78 568.63 570.22 572.47
Food and kindred products........... 12.49 12.86 12.95 12.89 525.83 528.55 529.66 534.94
Tobacco products.................... 22.60 23.17 23.63 22.56 942.42 956.92 952.29 929.47
Textile mill products............... 11.21 11.32 11.38 11.39 458.49 458.46 447.23 460.16
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.29 9.45 9.42 9.47 351.16 357.21 351.37 355.13
Paper and allied products........... 16.27 16.90 16.95 16.86 688.22 701.35 703.43 694.63
Printing and publishing............. 14.39 14.74 14.82 14.81 549.70 557.17 566.12 567.22
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.21 18.55 18.70 18.55 766.64 782.81 791.01 780.96
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.78 21.78 21.95 22.06 886.45 934.36 948.24 933.14
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.87 13.30 13.40 13.48 528.96 543.97 537.34 545.94
Leather and leather products........ 10.24 10.30 10.23 10.45 389.12 378.01 358.05 377.25
Service-producing....................... 13.11 13.71 13.76 13.72 433.94 451.06 456.83 451.39
Transportation and public utilities... 16.22 16.83 16.88 16.90 627.71 642.91 653.26 648.96
Wholesale trade....................... 15.19 15.77 15.86 15.69 581.78 603.99 612.20 600.93
Retail trade.......................... 9.41 9.77 9.77 9.77 277.60 283.33 288.22 286.26
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.99 15.75 15.85 15.81 539.64 570.15 581.70 570.74
Services.............................. 13.74 14.39 14.45 14.43 452.05 471.99 476.85 473.30
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
July 2001-
Aug. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.80 $14.21 $14.24 $14.31 $14.34 $14.38 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.90 7.94 7.93 7.95 8.00 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.45 15.78 15.86 15.90 15.94 16.02 .5
Mining...................... 17.25 17.53 17.54 17.73 17.76 17.67 -.5
Construction................ 17.93 18.15 18.22 18.28 18.25 18.36 .6
Manufacturing............... 14.43 14.72 14.78 14.81 14.87 14.94 .5
Excluding overtime4....... 13.69 14.04 14.09 14.13 14.18 14.23 .4
Service-producing............. 13.29 13.73 13.76 13.84 13.86 13.90 .3
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.27 16.74 16.76 16.91 16.87 16.88 .1
Wholesale trade............. 15.25 15.74 15.70 15.86 15.82 15.75 -.4
Retail trade................ 9.50 9.74 9.79 9.83 9.84 9.85 .1
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.13 15.64 15.74 15.86 15.91 15.96 .3
Services.................... 13.97 14.48 14.49 14.54 14.60 14.68 .5
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .6 percent from June 2001 to July 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 154.4 153.5 154.2 153.4 151.3 151.5 151.5 151.2 150.7 150.1
Goods-producing......................... 119.3 114.2 113.3 113.9 116.0 113.5 112.8 111.5 111.6 110.3
Mining................................ 52.8 56.1 56.4 56.4 51.1 55.0 55.4 55.0 55.0 55.1
Construction.......................... 200.6 201.7 206.7 204.7 184.3 190.0 192.5 190.1 190.5 188.8
Manufacturing......................... 106.0 98.9 96.6 97.8 105.5 100.7 99.1 98.1 98.1 96.8
Durable goods........................ 111.2 103.3 100.0 101.1 111.1 105.4 103.6 102.2 102.0 100.7
Lumber and wood products............ 150.3 141.3 140.8 142.0 145.7 137.2 138.2 137.6 139.5 137.6
Furniture and fixtures.............. 141.2 127.7 126.7 129.4 139.1 133.1 129.5 127.1 129.8 127.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 123.2 122.2 122.5 121.3 118.8 118.3 119.4 118.9 119.2 116.8
Primary metal industries............ 92.2 84.3 81.4 82.3 92.9 87.0 84.4 84.4 83.2 82.5
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 72.5 66.2 64.4 64.5 72.1 67.6 65.6 65.6 63.8 63.9
Fabricated metal products........... 122.0 113.7 109.6 112.7 121.9 116.9 114.0 112.5 113.2 112.5
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 101.9 92.9 90.1 88.1 103.4 96.3 94.0 92.0 91.4 88.7
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 108.2 95.8 90.9 90.8 108.4 100.9 97.4 95.9 92.8 90.6
Transportation equipment............ 119.5 112.7 105.6 111.9 120.6 113.8 112.8 110.0 111.4 112.9
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 159.9 147.8 134.8 148.7 161.9 149.0 147.7 143.2 145.8 150.5
Instruments and related products.... 74.6 73.9 73.0 72.0 75.0 74.7 74.2 73.6 73.6 72.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.7 94.9 91.7 92.7 99.1 95.3 93.8 95.0 94.2 91.4
Nondurable goods..................... 98.8 92.9 92.0 93.2 97.7 94.1 93.0 92.5 92.6 91.5
Food and kindred products........... 122.3 114.4 116.0 120.2 117.2 116.0 114.8 115.3 114.1 114.2
Tobacco products.................... 49.8 45.2 44.1 48.2 50.8 46.8 46.5 48.0 48.1 50.8
Textile mill products............... 75.5 66.9 64.4 66.1 75.1 68.5 67.1 66.3 65.6 65.3
Apparel and other textile products.. 54.8 49.3 47.3 46.7 54.2 50.1 49.5 48.0 48.7 46.2
Paper and allied products........... 102.7 98.2 97.3 96.2 103.0 99.7 98.4 97.8 97.4 95.6
Printing and publishing............. 120.6 114.0 114.8 115.2 120.3 116.5 115.4 114.6 115.3 114.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 98.8 97.8 97.8 97.0 99.2 98.7 98.1 97.4 98.9 97.3
Petroleum and coal products......... 70.1 73.0 74.4 73.4 70.1 72.9 70.1 71.6 71.6 72.1
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.2 138.1 133.6 135.9 147.8 138.4 137.0 136.4 137.3 135.2
Leather and leather products........ 31.8 27.8 24.2 26.5 31.0 28.1 27.0 26.7 25.6 25.9
Service-producing....................... 170.2 171.2 172.6 171.1 167.2 168.5 168.9 169.0 168.2 168.0
Transportation and public utilities... 136.9 140.3 141.1 139.8 136.1 139.4 139.4 139.2 139.1 138.8
Wholesale trade....................... 132.6 132.0 132.8 131.6 131.7 131.4 131.0 131.2 131.0 130.9
Retail trade.......................... 150.4 149.2 151.1 150.1 146.1 146.7 146.5 146.0 145.6 145.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.3 141.6 143.6 140.8 138.1 140.2 140.2 140.9 139.5 139.3
Services.............................. 213.8 215.9 217.3 215.5 210.2 211.8 212.9 213.4 212.2 211.9
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 p45.3 p43.6
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 p42.2 p39.7
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 p45.2 p43.2
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7
2001.............. p49.9 p47.5
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 p38.6 p27.2
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 p25.7 p19.1
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 p21.0 p19.9
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0
2001.............. p20.2 p17.3
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: October 05, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_aug2001.htm
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