Technical information: USDL 01-02
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, January 5, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2000
Employment rose modestly in December, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Total nonfarm payroll employment
increased by 105,000, as gains in government and other service-producing
industries more than offset large declines in manufacturing and help supply
services. Over the last 3 months of 2000, total payroll employment gains
averaged 77,000, compared with an average monthly gain of 187,000 during
the first 9 months of the year and 229,000 a month for all of 1999.
Average hourly earnings increased by 5 cents in December.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.7 million, and the
unemployment rate, 4.0 percent, were unchanged in December. The jobless
rate has ranged from 3.9 to 4.1 percent since October 1999. The rates for
the major worker groups--adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.4 percent),
teenagers (13.1 percent), whites (3.5 percent), blacks (7.6 percent), and
Hispanics (5.7 percent)--showed little or no change over the month.
(See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment increased by 358,000 in December to 135.8 million,
seasonally adjusted. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the
population age 16 and older with jobs--edged up to 64.5 percent. The
civilian labor force grew by 353,000 to 141.5 million, while the labor
force participation rate, 67.1 percent, was essentially unchanged. (See
table A-1.)
The number of people who held more than one job in December was about
7.7 million (not seasonally adjusted). These multiple jobholders
represented 5.7 percent of total employment, compared with 6.0 percent a
year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in December, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised to |
|incorporate updated seasonal adjustment factors that reflect the |
|2000 experience; data back to January 1996 were subject to revision.|
|The unemployment rates for January-December 2000, as originally |
|published and as revised, appear on page 5, along with additional |
|information on the revisions. |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Nov.-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | Dec.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,706| 141,208| 141,000| 141,136| 141,489| 353
Employment..........| 135,049| 135,593| 135,464| 135,478| 135,836| 358
Unemployment........| 5,657| 5,616| 5,536| 5,658| 5,653| -5
Not in labor force....| 69,235| 69,358| 69,378| 69,441| 69,254| -187
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| 4.0| .0
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3| 3.4| 3.4| .0
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| .0
Teenagers...........| 13.5| 12.9| 12.6| 13.0| 13.1| 0.1
White...............| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| 3.5| 3.5| .0
Black...............| 7.6| 7.5| 7.4| 7.5| 7.6| .1
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.0| 6.0| 5.7| -.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,619|p131,863| 131,789|p131,848|p131,953| p105
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| p25,624| 25,665| p25,642| p25,564| p-78
Construction......| 6,688| p6,736| 6,745| p6,738| p6,725| p-13
Manufacturing.....| 18,453| p18,347| 18,378| p18,363| p18,301| p-62
Service-producing 1/| 105,940|p106,240| 106,124|p106,206|p106,389| p183
Retail trade......| 23,189| p23,220| 23,193| p23,230| p23,238| p8
Services..........| 40,553| p40,768| 40,696| p40,764| p40,845| p81
Government........| 20,536| p20,448| 20,464| p20,412| p20,468| p56
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.4| p34.3| 34.4| p34.3| p34.1| p-0.2
Manufacturing.......| 41.5| p41.0| 41.4| p41.2| p40.4| p-.8
Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.3| 4.5| p4.3| p4.0| p-.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| p151.2| 151.6| p151.5| p150.5| p-1.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.79| p$13.95| $13.88| p$13.96| p$14.01| p$0.05
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 474.03| p478.01| 477.47| p478.83| p477.74| p-1.09
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on
page 5.
- 3 -
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers was 265,000 in December. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 105,000 to 132.0 million in
December, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector employment grew by just
49,000, with overall growth held down by declines in manufacturing,
construction, and help supply services. Job growth continued in many
service industries, including health, social, computer, and engineering and
management services. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment fell by 62,000
in December, bringing its loss for the year to 178,000. Employment in
primary metals declined by 9,000 in December, partly reflecting 3,000
workers who were on strike and thus not on payrolls. Motor vehicles lost
8,000 jobs, as did rubber and miscellaneous plastics. Apparel and textiles
continued their long-term declines, losing 9,000 and 5,000 jobs,
respectively. Declines also occurred in several construction-related
industries, including lumber, furniture, and stone, clay, and glass
products.
Construction employment fell by 13,000 in December, affected for the
second month in a row by adverse weather. Employment in mining fell by
3,000.
In the service-producing sector, employment in services rose by 81,000
over the month. The average monthly increase in services over the October-
December period was 53,000, less than half the average posted in the first
9 months of the year. Help supply services lost 58,000 jobs in December,
its third consecutive monthly decline. Elsewhere, robust growth continued
in computer and data processing services, which added 16,000 jobs, as well
as in health services, which added 23,000 jobs. Employment also increased
in social services (21,000), engineering and management services (17,000),
and private education (21,000).
Employment in transportation and public utilities grew by 23,000 in
December. Within transportation, trucking and warehousing experienced its
first increase since July, adding 11,000 jobs. Air transportation
continued to grow, gaining 10,000 jobs in December, about the same number
as in November.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 19,000 in
December. Within finance, employment in depository institutions grew by
5,000, offsetting losses in the previous 2 months. Job growth in security
and commodity brokerages slowed in November and December, although the
industry has added 57,000 jobs over the year. Real estate added 7,000 jobs
in December, bringing its total job gain for the year to 26,000.
Retail trade employment showed little change in December, following an
increase in November. Over the year, retail employment increased by
302,000, compared with a gain of 427,000 in 1999. Employment in wholesale
trade was essentially unchanged in December. The over-the-year gain was
89,000, the smallest since 1993.
Government employment rose by 56,000 in December, after seasonal
adjustment. The large December gain reversed a decline of similar magnitude
in November. Both state and local government showed employment gains in
- 4 -
December, after seasonal adjustment, reflecting fewer layoffs than usual.
Over the year, government employment grew by 160,000, half the prior-year
gain; the slowdown was most pronounced in state and local education.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 hour in December to 34.1 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek dropped sharply, falling
by 0.8 hour to 40.4 hours. In December, manufacturing overtime declined by
0.3 hour to 4.0 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.7 percent to 150.5
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 2.4
percent to 101.8. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in December to $14.01,
seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the decline in hours, average weekly
earnings fell by 0.2 percent to $477.74. Over the year, average hourly
earnings rose by 4.2 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.0
percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for January 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, February 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
- 5 -
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (also referred to as the household survey) to incorporate
the experience of that year. This year, seasonally adjusted data for
January 1996-December 2000 were subject to revision. (Seasonally adjusted
establishment data will be revised in June, concurrent with the
introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.)
Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall
unemployment rate since January 2000. The rate was revised in only 2
months, in each case by 0.1 percentage point. Revised seasonally adjusted
data for major labor force series since December 1999 appear in table C.
The January 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain the new
seasonal adjustment factors for major series for the January-June 2001
period. The publication also will contain a description of the current
seasonal adjustment methodology and revised data for the most recent 13
months or quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally
adjusted household survey data. Historical data for the household series
contained in the "A" tables of this release also can be accessed on the BLS
Internet site at (http://stats.bls.gov/cpsatabs.htm). Revised historical
seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the
Internet at (ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf).
Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due
to revision, January-December 2000
---------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
Month and year | As first | As | Change
| computed | revised |
| | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
2000 | | |
| | |
January..............| 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
February.............| 4.1 | 4.1 | .0
March................| 4.1 | 4.0 | -0.1
April................| 3.9 | 4.0 | .1
May..................| 4.1 | 4.1 | .0
June.................| 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
July.................| 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
August...............| 4.1 | 4.1 | .0
September............| 3.9 | 3.9 | .0
October..............| 3.9 | 3.9 | .0
November.............| 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
December.............| 1/ 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
---------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Not published.
Planned Changes in the Household Survey Data
Effective with the release of data for January 2001, minor revisions
will be introduced into the population controls used for the household
survey. The changes will result in a slight downward shift in the
estimated total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over for
January 2001. The changes will subtract approximately 15,000 from the
estimated population trend growth between December 2000 and January 2001.
The impact will vary for subpopulations such as men (+15,000), women
(-29,000), white (0), black (-60,000), Hispanic (-45,000) and non-Hispanic
(+30,000). These changes reflect the routine annual updating of
intercensal population estimates by the Bureau of the Census and do not
incorporate any information from the 2000 decennial census.
- 6 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999 2000
Employment status,
sex, and age
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 208,832 208,782 208,907 209,053 209,216 209,371 209,543 209,727 209,935 210,161 210,378 210,577 210,743
Civilian labor force.... 140,185 140,645 140,860 140,705 141,114 140,573 140,757 140,546 140,724 140,847 141,000 141,136 141,489
Participation rate... 67.1 67.4 67.4 67.3 67.4 67.1 67.2 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.1
Employed.............. 134,498 134,976 135,120 135,013 135,517 134,843 135,183 134,898 134,939 135,310 135,464 135,478 135,836
Employment-population
ratio............... 64.4 64.6 64.7 64.6 64.8 64.4 64.5 64.3 64.3 64.4 64.4 64.3 64.5
Unemployed............ 5,687 5,669 5,740 5,692 5,597 5,730 5,574 5,648 5,785 5,537 5,536 5,658 5,653
Unemployment rate... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 92,052 92,057 92,092 92,145 92,303 92,408 92,546 92,642 92,754 92,863 92,969 93,061 93,117
Civilian labor force.... 70,572 70,777 70,952 70,773 70,776 70,662 70,785 70,782 71,029 71,053 71,155 71,135 71,289
Participation rate... 76.7 76.9 77.0 76.8 76.7 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6
Employed.............. 68,235 68,440 68,577 68,445 68,473 68,315 68,489 68,495 68,710 68,728 68,774 68,683 68,848
Employment-population
ratio............... 74.1 74.3 74.5 74.3 74.2 73.9 74.0 73.9 74.1 74.0 74.0 73.8 73.9
Agriculture....... 2,246 2,285 2,283 2,240 2,248 2,228 2,262 2,280 2,276 2,350 2,219 2,122 2,232
Nonagricultural
industries....... 65,989 66,155 66,294 66,205 66,225 66,087 66,227 66,215 66,434 66,378 66,555 66,561 66,616
Unemployed............ 2,337 2,337 2,375 2,328 2,303 2,347 2,296 2,287 2,319 2,325 2,381 2,452 2,441
Unemployment rate... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 100,666 100,579 100,666 100,713 100,809 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321 101,448 101,533 101,612
Civilian labor force.... 61,204 61,462 61,488 61,573 61,856 61,582 61,561 61,535 61,265 61,486 61,528 61,625 61,819
Participation rate... 60.8 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.4 61.0 60.9 60.9 60.5 60.7 60.6 60.7 60.8
Employed.............. 58,981 59,209 59,285 59,326 59,651 59,264 59,282 59,273 58,992 59,344 59,425 59,506 59,708
Employment-population
ratio............... 58.6 58.9 58.9 58.9 59.2 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.8
Agriculture....... 802 826 854 866 871 846 829 797 808 764 748 797 822
Nonagricultural
industries....... 58,179 58,383 58,431 58,460 58,780 58,418 58,453 58,476 58,184 58,580 58,677 58,709 58,886
Unemployed............ 2,223 2,253 2,203 2,247 2,205 2,318 2,279 2,262 2,273 2,142 2,103 2,119 2,111
Unemployment rate... 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 16,114 16,147 16,149 16,196 16,104 16,034 15,991 15,974 15,972 15,977 15,960 15,983 16,014
Civilian labor force.... 8,409 8,406 8,420 8,359 8,482 8,329 8,411 8,229 8,430 8,308 8,317 8,376 8,381
Participation rate... 52.2 52.1 52.1 51.6 52.7 51.9 52.6 51.5 52.8 52.0 52.1 52.4 52.3
Employed.............. 7,282 7,327 7,258 7,242 7,393 7,264 7,412 7,130 7,237 7,238 7,265 7,289 7,280
Employment-population
ratio............... 45.2 45.4 44.9 44.7 45.9 45.3 46.4 44.6 45.3 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.5
Agriculture....... 277 245 230 232 241 220 222 218 233 242 274 257 220
Nonagricultural
industries....... 7,005 7,082 7,028 7,010 7,152 7,044 7,190 6,912 7,004 6,996 6,991 7,032 7,060
Unemployed............ 1,127 1,079 1,162 1,117 1,089 1,065 999 1,099 1,193 1,070 1,052 1,087 1,101
Unemployment rate... 13.4 12.8 13.8 13.4 12.8 12.8 11.9 13.4 14.2 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
- 7 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 8 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 9 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 10 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,832 210,577 210,743 208,832 209,935 210,161 210,378 210,577 210,743
Civilian labor force............................ 139,941 141,025 141,319 140,185 140,724 140,847 141,000 141,136 141,489
Participation rate........................ 67.0 67.0 67.1 67.1 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.1
Employed...................................... 134,696 135,731 136,092 134,498 134,939 135,310 135,464 135,478 135,836
Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.5 64.6 64.4 64.3 64.4 64.4 64.3 64.5
Agriculture................................. 2,979 3,030 2,936 3,325 3,317 3,356 3,241 3,176 3,274
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,717 132,701 133,156 131,173 131,622 131,954 132,223 132,302 132,562
Unemployed.................................... 5,245 5,295 5,227 5,687 5,785 5,537 5,536 5,658 5,653
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
Not in labor force.............................. 68,891 69,551 69,424 68,647 69,211 69,314 69,378 69,441 69,254
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,045 3,971 4,182 4,401 4,256 4,355 4,377 4,351 4,532
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,264 101,175 101,260 100,264 100,847 100,963 101,075 101,175 101,260
Civilian labor force............................ 74,631 75,152 75,281 74,976 75,388 75,305 75,371 75,386 75,582
Participation rate........................ 74.4 74.3 74.3 74.8 74.8 74.6 74.6 74.5 74.6
Employed...................................... 71,699 72,371 72,275 71,991 72,379 72,398 72,427 72,354 72,534
Employment-population ratio............... 71.5 71.5 71.4 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.5 71.6
Unemployed.................................... 2,932 2,781 3,006 2,985 3,009 2,907 2,944 3,032 3,048
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,052 93,061 93,117 92,052 92,754 92,863 92,969 93,061 93,117
Civilian labor force............................ 70,460 71,151 71,194 70,572 71,029 71,053 71,155 71,135 71,289
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.7 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6
Employed...................................... 68,125 68,908 68,752 68,235 68,710 68,728 68,774 68,683 68,848
Employment-population ratio............... 74.0 74.0 73.8 74.1 74.1 74.0 74.0 73.8 73.9
Agriculture................................. 2,047 2,099 2,028 2,246 2,276 2,350 2,219 2,122 2,232
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,077 66,809 66,724 65,989 66,434 66,378 66,555 66,561 66,616
Unemployed.................................... 2,335 2,243 2,442 2,337 2,319 2,325 2,381 2,452 2,441
Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,569 109,402 109,483 108,569 109,088 109,198 109,303 109,402 109,483
Civilian labor force............................ 65,309 65,874 66,038 65,209 65,336 65,542 65,629 65,750 65,907
Participation rate........................ 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.1 60.2
Employed...................................... 62,997 63,360 63,817 62,507 62,560 62,912 63,037 63,124 63,302
Employment-population ratio............... 58.0 57.9 58.3 57.6 57.3 57.6 57.7 57.7 57.8
Unemployed.................................... 2,313 2,513 2,221 2,702 2,776 2,630 2,592 2,626 2,605
Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.8 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,666 101,533 101,612 100,666 101,209 101,321 101,448 101,533 101,612
Civilian labor force............................ 61,426 61,881 62,069 61,204 61,265 61,486 61,528 61,625 61,819
Participation rate........................ 61.0 60.9 61.1 60.8 60.5 60.7 60.6 60.7 60.8
Employed...................................... 59,491 59,868 60,235 58,981 58,992 59,344 59,425 59,506 59,708
Employment-population ratio............... 59.1 59.0 59.3 58.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.8
Agriculture................................. 740 722 757 802 808 764 748 797 822
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,751 59,146 59,478 58,179 58,184 58,580 58,677 58,709 58,886
Unemployed.................................... 1,935 2,012 1,834 2,223 2,273 2,142 2,103 2,119 2,111
Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,114 15,983 16,014 16,114 15,972 15,977 15,960 15,983 16,014
Civilian labor force............................ 8,056 7,994 8,056 8,409 8,430 8,308 8,317 8,376 8,381
Participation rate........................ 50.0 50.0 50.3 52.2 52.8 52.0 52.1 52.4 52.3
Employed...................................... 7,081 6,955 7,105 7,282 7,237 7,238 7,265 7,289 7,280
Employment-population ratio............... 43.9 43.5 44.4 45.2 45.3 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.5
Agriculture................................. 193 209 152 277 233 242 274 257 220
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,888 6,746 6,954 7,005 7,004 6,996 6,991 7,032 7,060
Unemployed.................................... 975 1,039 951 1,127 1,193 1,070 1,052 1,087 1,101
Unemployment rate......................... 12.1 13.0 11.8 13.4 14.2 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,821 175,034 175,145 173,821 174,587 174,745 174,899 175,034 175,145
Civilian labor force............................ 116,896 117,428 117,796 117,073 117,554 117,553 117,603 117,640 117,945
Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.1 67.3 67.4 67.3 67.3 67.2 67.2 67.3
Employed...................................... 113,116 113,598 113,950 113,005 113,378 113,464 113,584 113,509 113,811
Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 64.9 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.8 65.0
Unemployed.................................... 3,781 3,830 3,845 4,068 4,176 4,089 4,019 4,131 4,134
Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,843 60,222 60,275 59,920 60,363 60,259 60,286 60,280 60,349
Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.7 76.7 77.0 77.2 76.9 76.9 76.8 76.8
Employed...................................... 58,140 58,594 58,484 58,240 58,681 58,529 58,557 58,478 58,581
Employment-population ratio................. 74.7 74.7 74.5 74.9 75.0 74.7 74.7 74.5 74.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,703 1,627 1,791 1,680 1,682 1,730 1,729 1,802 1,768
Unemployment rate........................... 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,277 50,527 50,766 50,058 50,083 50,256 50,281 50,335 50,527
Participation rate.......................... 60.4 60.2 60.5 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.2
Employed...................................... 48,930 49,105 49,408 48,519 48,442 48,700 48,777 48,825 48,973
Employment-population ratio................. 58.8 58.6 58.9 58.3 57.9 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.4
Unemployed.................................... 1,347 1,422 1,358 1,539 1,641 1,556 1,504 1,510 1,554
Unemployment rate........................... 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,776 6,679 6,754 7,095 7,108 7,038 7,036 7,025 7,069
Participation rate.......................... 53.2 52.6 53.2 55.7 56.0 55.4 55.4 55.3 55.7
Employed...................................... 6,046 5,898 6,058 6,246 6,255 6,235 6,250 6,206 6,257
Employment-population ratio................. 47.5 46.5 47.7 49.0 49.3 49.1 49.2 48.9 49.3
Unemployed.................................... 730 781 696 849 853 803 786 819 812
Unemployment rate........................... 10.8 11.7 10.3 12.0 12.0 11.4 11.2 11.7 11.5
Men....................................... 12.8 12.2 11.9 13.1 13.1 12.2 11.8 12.4 12.2
Women..................................... 8.6 11.2 8.6 10.7 10.8 10.6 10.5 10.9 10.7
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,051 25,376 25,408 25,051 25,258 25,299 25,339 25,376 25,408
Civilian labor force............................ 16,488 16,798 16,758 16,492 16,540 16,489 16,627 16,732 16,742
Participation rate.......................... 65.8 66.2 66.0 65.8 65.5 65.2 65.6 65.9 65.9
Employed...................................... 15,302 15,604 15,594 15,188 15,239 15,304 15,401 15,485 15,470
Employment-population ratio................. 61.1 61.5 61.4 60.6 60.3 60.5 60.8 61.0 60.9
Unemployed.................................... 1,186 1,195 1,165 1,304 1,301 1,185 1,226 1,247 1,272
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.9 7.9 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,257 7,453 7,432 7,264 7,331 7,307 7,383 7,397 7,437
Participation rate.......................... 72.4 73.2 72.9 72.5 72.4 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.9
Employed...................................... 6,758 6,964 6,894 6,763 6,802 6,832 6,868 6,888 6,897
Employment-population ratio................. 67.5 68.4 67.6 67.5 67.2 67.3 67.5 67.6 67.6
Unemployed.................................... 499 490 538 501 529 475 515 509 540
Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 6.6 7.2 6.9 7.2 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,293 8,362 8,372 8,266 8,249 8,231 8,262 8,325 8,333
Participation rate.......................... 66.1 65.7 65.7 65.9 65.1 64.9 65.0 65.4 65.4
Employed...................................... 7,807 7,866 7,967 7,702 7,734 7,750 7,786 7,808 7,861
Employment-population ratio................. 62.2 61.8 62.5 61.4 61.1 61.1 61.3 61.3 61.7
Unemployed.................................... 486 496 405 564 515 481 476 517 472
Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 5.9 4.8 6.8 6.2 5.8 5.8 6.2 5.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 938 983 955 962 960 951 982 1,010 972
Participation rate.......................... 37.8 39.9 38.8 38.8 39.0 38.6 39.9 41.0 39.5
Employed...................................... 737 774 732 723 703 722 747 789 712
Employment-population ratio................. 29.7 31.5 29.7 29.1 28.5 29.3 30.4 32.1 28.9
Unemployed.................................... 201 209 223 239 257 229 235 221 260
Unemployment rate........................... 21.4 21.2 23.3 24.8 26.8 24.1 23.9 21.9 26.7
Men....................................... 25.2 21.4 29.2 26.2 31.7 26.7 27.0 22.5 30.1
Women..................................... 17.6 21.1 17.3 23.5 22.3 21.7 21.2 21.3 23.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,008 22,687 22,749 22,008 22,488 22,555 22,618 22,687 22,749
Civilian labor force............................ 14,965 15,514 15,627 15,001 15,312 15,513 15,491 15,626 15,671
Participation rate.......................... 68.0 68.4 68.7 68.2 68.1 68.8 68.5 68.9 68.9
Employed...................................... 14,112 14,631 14,748 14,128 14,439 14,647 14,711 14,686 14,772
Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 64.5 64.8 64.2 64.2 64.9 65.0 64.7 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 853 883 879 873 873 866 780 940 899
Unemployment rate........................... 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.0 6.0 5.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised
based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,144 27,851 27,693 28,144 28,306 28,346 27,931 27,851 27,693
Civilian labor force.................... 11,963 12,026 11,797 11,963 12,264 12,301 12,192 11,958 11,822
Percent of population............... 42.5 43.2 42.6 42.5 43.3 43.4 43.7 42.9 42.7
Employed.............................. 11,236 11,242 11,049 11,243 11,491 11,542 11,408 11,171 11,077
Employment-population ratio......... 39.9 40.4 39.9 39.9 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.1 40.0
Unemployed............................ 727 784 748 720 773 759 784 787 745
Unemployment rate................... 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.3
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,590 57,562 57,899 57,590 56,882 57,244 57,365 57,562 57,899
Civilian labor force.................... 37,534 37,344 37,385 37,354 36,743 36,815 36,985 37,129 37,187
Percent of population............... 65.2 64.9 64.6 64.9 64.6 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.2
Employed.............................. 36,248 36,087 36,111 36,057 35,397 35,574 35,707 35,830 35,906
Employment-population ratio......... 62.9 62.7 62.4 62.6 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.2 62.0
Unemployed............................ 1,286 1,258 1,274 1,297 1,346 1,241 1,278 1,299 1,281
Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,069 44,770 44,596 44,069 44,616 44,191 44,767 44,770 44,596
Civilian labor force.................... 32,544 33,076 33,128 32,477 33,039 32,952 32,896 32,776 33,045
Percent of population............... 73.8 73.9 74.3 73.7 74.1 74.6 73.5 73.2 74.1
Employed.............................. 31,788 32,270 32,298 31,659 32,137 32,093 32,103 31,897 32,141
Employment-population ratio......... 72.1 72.1 72.4 71.8 72.0 72.6 71.7 71.2 72.1
Unemployed............................ 756 806 829 818 902 859 793 879 904
Unemployment rate................... 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.7
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,821 45,706 45,839 44,821 45,718 45,863 45,785 45,706 45,839
Civilian labor force.................... 35,852 36,184 36,479 35,832 35,953 36,071 36,022 36,237 36,460
Percent of population............... 80.0 79.2 79.6 79.9 78.6 78.6 78.7 79.3 79.5
Employed.............................. 35,287 35,676 35,974 35,199 35,324 35,397 35,431 35,674 35,894
Employment-population ratio......... 78.7 78.1 78.5 78.5 77.3 77.2 77.4 78.1 78.3
Unemployed............................ 565 507 505 633 629 674 591 563 566
Unemployment rate................... 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,696 135,731 136,092 134,498 134,939 135,310 135,464 135,478 135,836
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,531 43,512 43,502 43,324 43,375 43,321 43,345 43,251 43,293
Married women, spouse present................... 34,221 33,890 34,090 33,779 33,507 33,491 33,622 33,633 33,635
Women who maintain families..................... 8,302 8,535 8,466 8,344 8,492 8,516 8,449 8,495 8,501
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,038 41,296 41,313 40,797 40,917 40,938 40,745 41,083 41,078
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,560 39,677 40,159 39,274 39,100 39,093 39,521 39,616 39,853
Service occupations............................. 17,582 18,429 18,350 17,769 17,749 18,190 18,555 18,471 18,550
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,988 14,767 14,947 14,919 15,189 15,083 15,050 14,748 14,848
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,546 18,466 18,358 18,359 18,561 18,472 18,305 18,184 18,171
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,981 3,095 2,966 3,367 3,390 3,390 3,318 3,238 3,357
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,822 1,877 1,817 2,025 2,048 2,018 2,041 2,005 2,019
Self-employed workers......................... 1,127 1,126 1,093 1,229 1,241 1,274 1,182 1,180 1,198
Unpaid family workers......................... 31 26 26 39 36 38 32 25 34
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,053 124,065 124,516 122,428 122,931 123,117 123,461 123,632 123,813
Government.................................. 19,169 19,264 19,576 18,958 18,644 19,003 19,073 19,146 19,352
Private industries.......................... 103,885 104,801 104,940 103,470 104,287 104,114 104,388 104,486 104,461
Private households........................ 972 800 907 943 781 824 812 827 879
Other industries.......................... 102,912 104,001 104,032 102,527 103,506 103,290 103,576 103,659 103,582
Self-employed workers......................... 8,566 8,505 8,515 8,643 8,618 8,786 8,561 8,533 8,600
Unpaid family workers......................... 97 131 125 95 114 108 136 128 121
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,332 3,241 3,246 3,322 3,170 3,188 3,222 3,416 3,234
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,017 2,083 2,039 1,942 1,980 2,051 1,909 2,183 1,964
Could only find part-time work.............. 974 829 849 1,028 880 831 947 886 896
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,662 20,015 20,247 18,461 18,704 18,595 18,758 18,896 18,993
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,129 3,089 3,072 3,148 3,038 3,030 3,044 3,285 3,088
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,891 1,979 1,936 1,838 1,901 1,940 1,808 2,082 1,882
Could only find part-time work.............. 964 821 838 1,010 861 817 923 871 877
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,143 19,454 19,691 17,943 18,142 18,024 18,206 18,323 18,437
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,687 5,658 5,653 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,337 2,452 2,441 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,223 2,119 2,111 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,127 1,087 1,101 13.4 14.2 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1
Married men, spouse present.................... 957 974 970 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2
Married women, spouse present.................. 884 859 911 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6
Women who maintain families.................... 568 467 458 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1
Full-time workers.............................. 4,537 4,560 4,551 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9
Part-time workers.............................. 1,183 1,096 1,122 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 725 699 699 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,469 1,464 1,433 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 610 559 563 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,201 1,230 1,234 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 205 246 225 5.7 6.4 5.9 6.7 7.1 6.3
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,514 4,313 4,338 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Goods-producing industries................... 1,277 1,289 1,262 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4
Mining..................................... 22 20 19 4.1 4.3 5.0 7.1 3.5 3.6
Construction............................... 531 544 521 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.5
Manufacturing.............................. 724 725 722 3.5 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.6
Durable goods............................ 438 423 411 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.4
Nondurable goods......................... 286 302 311 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.0
Service-producing industries................. 3,237 3,024 3,076 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8
Transportation and public utilities........ 233 202 247 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.6 3.2
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,441 1,284 1,322 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 178 153 166 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.1
Services................................... 1,385 1,385 1,341 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6
Government workers............................. 405 445 438 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 150 207 198 6.9 8.0 7.9 8.8 9.4 8.9
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been
revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,348 2,343 2,176 2,630 2,567 2,498 2,510 2,531 2,440
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,615 1,744 1,807 1,650 1,832 1,750 1,755 1,796 1,852
15 weeks and over................................ 1,281 1,207 1,244 1,368 1,373 1,247 1,311 1,317 1,326
15 to 26 weeks................................ 621 653 611 684 673 618 702 713 675
27 weeks and over............................. 661 555 633 684 700 629 609 604 651
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.0 12.4 12.8 12.8 13.0 12.1 12.4 12.4 12.6
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.1 5.3 6.1 6.1 6.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 44.8 44.3 41.6 46.6 44.5 45.5 45.0 44.8 43.4
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 30.8 32.9 34.6 29.2 31.7 31.8 31.5 31.8 33.0
15 weeks and over.............................. 24.4 22.8 23.8 24.2 23.8 22.7 23.5 23.3 23.6
15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.8 12.3 11.7 12.1 11.7 11.2 12.6 12.6 12.0
27 weeks and over............................ 12.6 10.5 12.1 12.1 12.1 11.4 10.9 10.7 11.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,451 2,327 2,587 2,379 2,585 2,502 2,446 2,501 2,514
On temporary layoff............................. 859 775 1,039 772 907 837 825 877 937
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,592 1,552 1,548 1,607 1,678 1,665 1,621 1,624 1,577
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,073 978 957 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 519 574 591 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 718 735 648 826 780 756 815 768 746
Reentrants........................................ 1,745 1,853 1,615 2,056 1,930 1,798 1,868 1,936 1,899
New entrants...................................... 330 380 377 424 503 429 398 429 466
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 46.7 44.0 49.5 41.8 44.6 45.6 44.3 44.4 44.7
On temporary layoff............................ 16.4 14.6 19.9 13.6 15.6 15.3 14.9 15.6 16.7
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.4 29.3 29.6 28.3 28.9 30.4 29.3 28.8 28.0
Job leavers...................................... 13.7 13.9 12.4 14.5 13.5 13.8 14.7 13.6 13.3
Reentrants....................................... 33.3 35.0 30.9 36.2 33.3 32.8 33.8 34.4 33.8
New entrants..................................... 6.3 7.2 7.2 7.5 8.7 7.8 7.2 7.6 8.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8
Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5
Reentrants....................................... 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
New entrants..................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 3.9 3.9 3.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.5 4.5 4.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.9 6.8 6.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,687 5,658 5,653 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,162 2,081 2,118 9.6 9.4 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.2
16 to 19 years................................ 1,127 1,087 1,101 13.4 14.2 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1
16 to 17 years.............................. 537 507 519 16.1 16.9 15.7 15.2 15.4 15.8
18 to 19 years.............................. 603 579 592 11.9 12.6 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.6
20 to 24 years................................ 1,035 994 1,017 7.3 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.8 7.0
25 years and over............................... 3,503 3,554 3,515 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 2,988 3,043 3,009 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
55 years and over............................. 495 520 481 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,985 3,032 3,048 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0
16 to 24 years................................ 1,221 1,139 1,159 10.3 10.2 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.7
16 to 19 years.............................. 648 580 607 14.7 15.8 13.7 13.4 13.6 14.1
16 to 17 years............................ 299 287 300 17.0 17.1 17.5 17.6 17.5 18.4
18 to 19 years............................ 352 293 310 13.4 15.2 11.2 10.7 11.3 11.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 573 559 552 7.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2
25 years and over............................. 1,756 1,873 1,878 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,482 1,572 1,562 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
55 years and over........................... 244 296 285 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,702 2,626 2,605 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0
16 to 24 years................................ 941 942 959 8.8 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.7
16 to 19 years.............................. 479 507 494 12.0 12.4 12.0 11.9 12.3 12.1
16 to 17 years............................ 238 220 219 15.2 16.8 13.8 12.8 13.4 13.2
18 to 19 years............................ 251 286 282 10.3 9.8 11.0 11.6 11.5 11.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 462 435 465 6.9 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7
25 years and over............................. 1,747 1,681 1,637 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,506 1,471 1,447 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1
55 years and over........................... 251 224 196 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been
revised based on the experience through December 2000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,891 69,424 25,632 25,978 43,259 43,446
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,045 4,182 1,736 1,806 2,309 2,376
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,142 1,122 557 583 585 539
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 267 265 162 158 106 107
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 874 857 395 425 479 432
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 8,037 7,735 4,026 3,932 4,011 3,802
Percent of total employed..................................... 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.4 6.4 6.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,411 4,260 2,479 2,369 1,932 1,891
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,759 1,704 507 513 1,252 1,191
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 343 302 231 203 112 99
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,495 1,430 797 837 698 593
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 130,952 132,605 132,953 132,852 130,038 131,528 131,723 131,789 131,848 131,953
Total private.................... 110,275 111,853 112,043 111,997 109,730 111,018 111,232 111,325 111,436 111,485
Goods-producing......................... 25,467 25,931 25,780 25,463 25,561 25,644 25,639 25,665 25,642 25,564
Mining................................ 529 548 546 539 530 537 539 542 541 538
Metal mining........................ 44.9 43.9 43.3 43.9 45 44 44 44 43 44
Coal mining......................... 83.2 79.6 78.9 78.7 83 80 80 80 78 78
Oil and gas extraction.............. 292.3 312.5 313.8 312.5 291 304 307 309 311 310
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 108.4 112.0 109.8 104.0 111 109 108 109 109 106
Construction.......................... 6,439 6,968 6,854 6,607 6,552 6,675 6,720 6,745 6,738 6,725
General building contractors........ 1,461.0 1,541.3 1,535.4 1,508.0 1,474 1,505 1,510 1,517 1,524 1,526
Heavy construction, except building. 838.8 960.5 911.1 828.7 882 882 885 892 883 870
Special trade contractors........... 4,139.5 4,465.9 4,407.1 4,270.6 4,196 4,288 4,325 4,336 4,331 4,329
Manufacturing......................... 18,499 18,415 18,380 18,317 18,479 18,432 18,380 18,378 18,363 18,301
Production workers................ 12,719 12,619 12,584 12,513 12,701 12,630 12,585 12,583 12,561 12,495
Durable goods........................ 11,109 11,059 11,063 11,040 11,087 11,087 11,052 11,052 11,063 11,027
Production workers................ 7,601 7,545 7,548 7,519 7,579 7,567 7,541 7,542 7,546 7,507
Lumber and wood products............ 830.1 817.8 809.7 802.3 831 818 816 812 809 803
Furniture and fixtures.............. 554.7 555.1 553.8 552.5 552 555 556 555 554 551
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 560.4 570.7 566.9 555.4 565 566 565 564 563 559
Primary metal industries............ 701.0 690.2 690.2 682.6 698 695 691 691 690 681
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 228.1 221.7 221.6 219.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,527.2 1,535.0 1,535.1 1,533.5 1,521 1,539 1,534 1,533 1,534 1,530
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,134.2 2,117.4 2,122.5 2,127.7 2,132 2,133 2,121 2,124 2,128 2,125
Computer and office equipment..... 370.7 360.8 362.2 363.9 370 363 361 361 362 362
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,678.1 1,721.5 1,725.1 1,731.2 1,673 1,718 1,714 1,719 1,725 1,727
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 640.0 686.1 692.1 696.2 640 675 681 687 695 696
Transportation equipment............ 1,874.8 1,804.6 1,813.1 1,810.4 1,867 1,818 1,813 1,812 1,815 1,807
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,029.9 985.6 989.1 985.3 1,023 993 993 991 990 982
Aircraft and parts................ 473.0 455.6 456.0 457.8 470 456 457 456 455 456
Instruments and related products.... 850.0 846.5 849.2 851.5 849 849 847 847 851 851
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 398.3 399.8 397.6 392.7 399 396 395 395 394 393
Nondurable goods..................... 7,390 7,356 7,317 7,277 7,392 7,345 7,328 7,326 7,300 7,274
Production workers................ 5,118 5,074 5,036 4,994 5,122 5,063 5,044 5,041 5,015 4,988
Food and kindred products........... 1,666.0 1,700.0 1,675.2 1,661.2 1,674 1,670 1,661 1,673 1,668 1,667
Tobacco products.................... 41.3 38.7 38.7 38.5 38 34 37 37 37 36
Textile mill products............... 550.2 535.9 531.6 525.3 549 542 539 536 529 524
Apparel and other textile products.. 667.0 637.6 632.9 619.4 669 644 639 633 630 621
Paper and allied products........... 664.9 658.4 655.7 656.5 665 660 660 660 656 656
Printing and publishing............. 1,555.0 1,559.4 1,562.9 1,565.4 1,548 1,560 1,560 1,559 1,557 1,557
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,029.0 1,021.3 1,022.0 1,023.2 1,030 1,024 1,024 1,023 1,024 1,024
Petroleum and coal products......... 129.9 132.6 129.4 125.8 132 132 132 131 129 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,009.8 999.0 995.4 991.0 1,011 1,005 1,002 1,001 998 990
Leather and leather products........ 76.6 73.3 73.1 70.8 76 74 74 73 72 71
Service-producing1...................... 105,485 106,674 107,173 107,389 104,477 105,884 106,084 106,124 106,206 106,389
Transportation and public utilities... 6,983 7,094 7,115 7,147 6,911 6,941 7,037 7,046 7,060 7,083
Transportation...................... 4,533 4,600 4,615 4,646 4,459 4,549 4,549 4,549 4,563 4,583
Railroad transportation........... 225.7 220.2 221.1 219.7 226 221 219 219 220 220
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 506.9 515.8 516.6 516.3 491 503 500 498 500 500
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,827.8 1,871.5 1,860.1 1,856.3 1,818 1,845 1,845 1,843 1,840 1,851
Water transportation.............. 185.3 207.7 202.0 199.4 192 204 206 206 205 205
Transportation by air............. 1,309.2 1,296.2 1,325.3 1,364.8 1,253 1,288 1,291 1,297 1,308 1,318
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.7 12.4 12.5 12.5 13 12 12 12 13 12
Transportation services........... 465.6 475.9 477.4 477.1 466 476 476 474 477 477
Communications and public utilities. 2,450 2,494 2,500 2,501 2,452 2,392 2,488 2,497 2,497 2,500
Communications.................... 1,587.4 1,640.9 1,647.1 1,649.2 1,588 1,537 1,632 1,641 1,644 1,649
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 862.9 852.8 852.5 851.5 864 855 856 856 853 851
Wholesale trade....................... 7,011 7,097 7,106 7,103 7,002 7,062 7,070 7,087 7,095 7,091
Durable goods....................... 4,179 4,206 4,209 4,211 4,173 4,202 4,205 4,207 4,208 4,206
Nondurable goods.................... 2,832 2,891 2,897 2,892 2,829 2,860 2,865 2,880 2,887 2,885
Retail trade.......................... 23,605 23,179 23,593 23,906 22,936 23,191 23,179 23,193 23,230 23,238
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 996.4 1,013.7 1,009.8 1,001.3 1,012 1,021 1,019 1,022 1,021 1,017
General merchandise stores.......... 3,089.6 2,772.0 2,970.3 3,066.2 2,766 2,740 2,739 2,740 2,761 2,754
Department stores................. 2,696.7 2,418.1 2,598.7 2,666.3 2,416 2,393 2,389 2,389 2,410 2,416
Food stores......................... 3,564.1 3,525.2 3,558.6 3,590.2 3,501 3,522 3,522 3,519 3,517 3,526
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,374.7 2,434.1 2,424.8 2,418.9 2,386 2,418 2,424 2,431 2,430 2,430
New and used car dealers.......... 1,090.2 1,121.6 1,120.6 1,119.2 1,094 1,115 1,118 1,120 1,120 1,124
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,287.4 1,206.6 1,269.4 1,314.7 1,182 1,202 1,209 1,205 1,210 1,209
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,142.5 1,127.6 1,151.9 1,179.2 1,098 1,121 1,122 1,128 1,126 1,134
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,938.4 8,005.5 8,022.9 8,067.7 7,986 8,099 8,076 8,073 8,101 8,113
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,211.5 3,094.3 3,185.4 3,268.1 3,005 3,068 3,068 3,075 3,064 3,055
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,594 7,616 7,626 7,646 7,613 7,608 7,622 7,638 7,645 7,664
Finance............................. 3,711 3,724 3,736 3,751 3,710 3,717 3,729 3,737 3,740 3,749
Depository institutions........... 2,060.8 2,026.5 2,030.5 2,039.1 2,059 2,037 2,038 2,034 2,033 2,038
Commercial banks................ 1,472.1 1,439.7 1,442.5 1,448.0 1,471 1,450 1,450 1,446 1,445 1,447
Savings institutions............ 248.5 237.1 236.7 236.9 248 240 239 238 237 237
Nondepository institutions........ 703.3 685.5 689.0 691.9 704 683 687 689 690 690
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 342.1 321.5 322.7 323.4 343 319 322 324 324 323
Security and commodity brokers.... 713.1 765.1 767.6 768.9 713 753 759 766 768 770
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 234.0 246.8 248.9 251.1 234 244 245 248 249 251
Insurance........................... 2,381 2,351 2,359 2,365 2,378 2,358 2,353 2,355 2,361 2,364
Insurance carriers................ 1,611.3 1,577.9 1,584.1 1,587.7 1,610 1,587 1,582 1,581 1,587 1,587
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 769.5 773.3 774.5 776.9 768 771 771 774 774 777
Real estate......................... 1,502 1,541 1,531 1,530 1,525 1,533 1,540 1,546 1,544 1,551
Services3............................. 39,615 40,936 40,823 40,732 39,707 40,572 40,685 40,696 40,764 40,845
Agricultural services............... 729.0 834.3 809.7 747.0 782 799 801 806 810 808
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,788.4 1,927.4 1,862.0 1,852.1 1,868 1,921 1,923 1,924 1,938 1,939
Personal services................... 1,237.0 1,252.8 1,258.3 1,275.2 1,257 1,285 1,285 1,285 1,286 1,290
Business services................... 9,656.9 10001.0 9,971.4 9,901.3 9,538 9,800 9,853 9,829 9,825 9,792
Services to buildings............. 994.0 1,002.4 1,002.6 1,003.8 997 1,000 1,001 1,000 1,004 1,010
Personnel supply services......... 3,856.5 4,011.2 3,973.9 3,872.8 3,748 3,865 3,891 3,861 3,854 3,776
Help supply services............ 3,457.4 3,569.5 3,531.8 3,430.1 3,358 3,436 3,463 3,432 3,423 3,365
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,892.3 1,958.6 1,974.9 1,993.3 1,888 1,951 1,955 1,966 1,977 1,993
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,190.0 1,207.1 1,202.6 1,213.1 1,192 1,198 1,200 1,206 1,205 1,217
Miscellaneous repair services....... 380.5 387.2 385.2 383.7 382 384 385 386 386 383
Motion pictures..................... 626.8 617.4 625.8 639.4 624 636 631 630 631 637
Amusement and recreation services... 1,531.4 1,733.7 1,620.0 1,616.2 1,703 1,808 1,785 1,791 1,791 1,799
Health services..................... 10065.9 10192.2 10221.4 10246.5 10,053 10,161 10,178 10,191 10,207 10,230
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,905.4 1,948.9 1,953.5 1,962.1 1,903 1,935 1,945 1,950 1,952 1,957
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,789.6 1,794.0 1,797.5 1,800.5 1,787 1,793 1,791 1,793 1,793 1,797
Hospitals......................... 3,998.9 4,033.7 4,046.4 4,058.5 3,997 4,021 4,029 4,032 4,045 4,055
Home health care services......... 639.9 646.1 649.7 644.0 637 646 645 645 645 642
Legal services...................... 1,005.9 1,011.9 1,014.5 1,016.7 1,007 1,014 1,014 1,016 1,014 1,015
Educational services................ 2,436.6 2,515.2 2,562.1 2,520.4 2,309 2,395 2,388 2,357 2,369 2,390
Social services..................... 2,891.3 3,027.7 3,047.8 3,060.3 2,884 2,955 3,001 3,019 3,033 3,054
Child day care services........... 740.8 798.9 806.5 807.1 729 774 779 784 788 792
Residential care.................. 798.9 836.1 837.5 844.1 800 827 833 838 838 845
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 97.2 103.8 101.6 101.6 99 103 103 103 104 104
Membership organizations............ 2,424.4 2,430.9 2,433.1 2,440.8 2,438 2,433 2,445 2,446 2,450 2,454
Engineering and management services. 3,308.9 3,449.4 3,462.9 3,473.3 3,327 3,435 3,449 3,463 3,471 3,488
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 968.5 1,015.5 1,016.1 1,020.5 974 1,010 1,012 1,015 1,017 1,024
Management and public relations... 1,065.1 1,130.0 1,135.7 1,135.6 1,068 1,118 1,123 1,129 1,135 1,137
Services, nec....................... 52.4 52.1 52.1 52.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 20,677 20,752 20,910 20,855 20,308 20,510 20,491 20,464 20,412 20,468
Federal1............................ 2,677 2,610 2,615 2,643 2,646 2,657 2,627 2,625 2,616 2,605
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,762.7 1,752.3 1,748.5 1,744.9 1,780 1,790 1,764 1,762 1,761 1,760
State............................... 4,815 4,880 4,900 4,863 4,727 4,765 4,776 4,755 4,750 4,773
Education......................... 2,095.5 2,119.3 2,148.4 2,114.0 1,983 2,002 2,009 1,988 1,981 1,997
Other State government............ 2,719.0 2,760.9 2,751.5 2,749.2 2,744 2,763 2,767 2,767 2,769 2,776
Local............................... 13,185 13,262 13,395 13,349 12,935 13,088 13,088 13,084 13,046 13,090
Education......................... 7,690.4 7,632.2 7,745.3 7,747.1 7,343 7,411 7,396 7,391 7,377 7,394
Other local government............ 5,494.4 5,629.6 5,649.2 5,602.1 5,592 5,677 5,692 5,693 5,669 5,696
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, 5,000, 6,000, 6,000,
and 5,000 in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December 2000,
respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.6 34.7 34.3 34.2 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.3 34.1
Goods-producing......................... 41.5 41.2 40.7 40.3 41.0 40.8 40.7 40.9 40.5 39.8
Mining................................ 44.4 46.1 45.1 44.6 44.3 44.6 45.2 45.6 45.0 44.3
Construction.......................... 38.8 40.1 38.5 37.7 38.9 39.2 39.0 39.3 38.6 37.9
Manufacturing......................... 42.5 41.6 41.6 41.3 41.7 41.4 41.3 41.4 41.2 40.4
Overtime hours.................... 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.0
Durable goods........................ 43.1 42.0 42.0 41.6 42.2 41.9 41.8 41.9 41.7 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.0
Lumber and wood products............ 41.3 40.9 40.6 40.0 41.0 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.6 39.8
Furniture and fixtures.............. 41.1 39.9 39.8 40.1 40.2 39.4 39.4 39.7 39.5 38.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.3 43.8 43.0 41.9 43.5 43.2 43.1 43.2 42.7 41.7
Primary metal industries............ 45.3 43.6 44.0 43.4 44.4 43.7 43.7 43.8 43.7 42.6
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 46.0 43.8 44.4 43.8 45.4 44.4 44.5 44.2 44.1 43.5
Fabricated metal products........... 43.3 42.3 42.1 41.6 42.1 42.1 42.0 42.1 41.7 40.5
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 43.2 42.1 42.1 42.3 42.2 42.2 42.1 42.1 41.9 41.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 42.4 41.4 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.0 41.2 41.2 40.9 40.4
Transportation equipment............ 44.8 43.4 43.4 42.3 43.4 43.4 42.9 43.1 43.0 40.9
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 46.2 44.1 43.7 42.0 44.5 44.5 43.6 44.0 43.3 40.3
Instruments and related products.... 42.5 41.1 41.4 41.2 41.5 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.0 40.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.4 39.7 39.5 39.4 39.7 39.4 39.3 39.3 39.0 38.7
Nondurable goods..................... 41.6 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.9 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.4 40.0
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.0
Food and kindred products........... 42.4 41.8 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.1 40.9
Tobacco products.................... 44.0 40.0 39.8 40.7 42.3 39.9 40.3 38.9 38.6 39.4
Textile mill products............... 41.8 41.1 41.0 41.2 41.2 40.7 41.0 40.9 40.6 40.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 38.0 37.0 36.9 36.9 37.5 36.9 36.8 36.9 36.8 36.4
Paper and allied products........... 44.2 42.8 43.1 42.7 43.3 42.4 42.7 42.5 42.6 41.8
Printing and publishing............. 39.0 38.4 38.6 38.3 38.3 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.1 37.7
Chemicals and allied products....... 43.7 43.2 43.1 43.0 43.0 43.0 42.9 43.0 42.6 42.2
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.1 45.7 45.0 44.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 42.4 41.1 41.2 40.9 41.5 41.2 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.0
Leather and leather products........ 37.5 37.6 38.4 38.2 37.4 37.1 37.4 37.4 38.2 37.8
Service-producing....................... 32.8 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.7
Transportation and public utilities... 38.4 39.0 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.2 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.7
Wholesale trade....................... 38.4 38.7 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.6 38.4
Retail trade.......................... 29.3 28.9 28.6 28.8 29.1 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.2 36.6 35.9 36.0 36.3 36.1 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.1
Services.............................. 32.6 32.8 32.6 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.46 $13.96 $13.98 $14.02 $465.72 $484.41 $479.51 $479.48
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.44 13.88 13.96 14.01 463.68 477.47 478.83 477.74
Goods-producing......................... 15.11 15.65 15.65 15.69 627.07 644.78 636.96 632.31
Mining................................ 17.19 17.02 17.06 17.17 763.24 784.62 769.41 765.78
Construction.......................... 17.47 18.21 18.16 18.19 677.84 730.22 699.16 685.76
Manufacturing......................... 14.20 14.53 14.62 14.71 603.50 604.45 608.19 607.52
Durable goods........................ 14.73 15.13 15.22 15.27 634.86 635.46 639.24 635.23
Lumber and wood products............ 11.64 11.91 11.89 11.99 480.73 487.12 482.73 479.60
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.47 11.92 11.93 12.05 471.42 475.61 474.81 483.21
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.97 14.56 14.50 14.47 604.90 637.73 623.50 606.29
Primary metal industries............ 16.17 16.55 16.66 16.72 732.50 721.58 733.04 725.65
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.09 19.28 19.29 19.41 878.14 844.46 856.48 850.16
Fabricated metal products........... 13.72 14.03 14.09 14.15 594.08 593.47 593.19 588.64
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.36 15.88 15.93 16.02 663.55 668.55 670.65 677.65
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.73 13.88 13.93 14.03 582.15 574.63 578.10 582.25
Transportation equipment............ 18.72 19.52 19.80 19.76 838.66 847.17 859.32 835.85
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.22 20.19 20.54 20.48 887.96 890.38 897.60 860.16
Instruments and related products.... 14.41 14.85 14.90 15.07 612.43 610.34 616.86 620.88
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.54 11.77 11.78 11.85 466.22 467.27 465.31 466.89
Nondurable goods..................... 13.39 13.63 13.70 13.84 557.02 556.10 560.33 564.67
Food and kindred products........... 12.28 12.44 12.57 12.70 520.67 519.99 524.17 529.59
Tobacco products.................... 18.03 17.98 18.43 18.45 793.32 719.20 733.51 750.92
Textile mill products............... 10.84 11.01 11.04 11.04 453.11 452.51 452.64 454.85
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.04 9.16 9.15 9.24 343.52 338.92 337.64 340.96
Paper and allied products........... 16.12 16.36 16.37 16.63 712.50 700.21 705.55 710.10
Printing and publishing............. 14.12 14.47 14.53 14.65 550.68 555.65 560.86 561.10
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.67 18.09 18.13 18.22 772.18 781.49 781.40 783.46
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.76 21.11 21.31 21.76 937.86 964.73 958.95 972.67
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.57 12.89 12.96 13.11 532.97 529.78 533.95 536.20
Leather and leather products........ 10.02 10.21 10.16 10.27 375.75 383.90 390.14 392.31
Service-producing....................... 12.94 13.42 13.46 13.52 424.43 442.86 440.14 442.10
Transportation and public utilities... 15.96 16.38 16.43 16.49 612.86 638.82 632.56 636.51
Wholesale trade....................... 14.85 15.45 15.44 15.61 570.24 597.92 594.44 599.42
Retail trade.......................... 9.26 9.58 9.60 9.64 271.32 276.86 274.56 277.63
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.76 15.24 15.27 15.38 534.31 557.78 548.19 553.68
Services.............................. 13.65 14.07 14.16 14.26 444.99 461.50 461.62 463.45
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
Nov. 2000-
Dec. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.44 $13.80 $13.83 $13.88 $13.96 $14.01 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.90 7.87 7.89 7.92 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.05 15.45 15.46 15.57 15.66 15.64 -.1
Mining...................... 17.04 17.05 17.09 17.08 17.13 17.08 -.3
Construction................ 17.44 17.93 17.96 18.00 18.20 18.12 -.4
Manufacturing............... 14.10 14.43 14.43 14.56 14.63 14.63 .0
Excluding overtime4....... 13.36 13.69 13.73 13.81 13.90 13.94 .3
Service-producing............. 12.93 13.28 13.33 13.36 13.44 13.52 .6
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.94 16.26 16.30 16.38 16.42 16.47 .3
Wholesale trade............. 14.83 15.24 15.32 15.36 15.44 15.59 1.0
Retail trade................ 9.25 9.49 9.54 9.56 9.60 9.65 .5
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.78 15.12 15.19 15.18 15.29 15.40 .7
Services.................... 13.57 13.94 13.97 14.00 14.11 14.17 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .0 percent from October 2000 to November 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 151.0 153.7 152.3 151.6 149.8 150.9 151.4 151.6 151.5 150.5
Goods-producing......................... 117.1 118.7 116.3 113.1 116.0 115.8 115.6 116.1 114.7 112.1
Mining................................ 50.6 53.6 52.0 50.8 50.5 50.8 51.4 52.2 51.1 50.3
Construction.......................... 174.9 197.7 185.8 173.4 178.6 183.3 184.2 186.4 182.0 178.1
Manufacturing......................... 109.0 105.8 105.5 104.1 106.7 105.3 104.9 105.0 104.3 101.8
Durable goods........................ 114.3 110.7 110.7 109.2 111.5 110.6 110.0 110.2 109.7 106.5
Lumber and wood products............ 148.5 144.7 141.7 138.2 147.6 142.9 142.6 142.3 141.7 137.8
Furniture and fixtures.............. 143.1 138.0 137.1 137.7 139.0 136.9 136.6 137.0 136.3 132.7
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 114.3 117.7 114.2 108.0 116.0 114.9 114.4 114.6 112.5 108.1
Primary metal industries............ 94.2 89.4 90.2 88.0 91.9 90.4 89.8 90.0 89.6 86.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 73.1 68.2 69.0 67.5 72.1 70.1 69.9 69.0 68.9 66.8
Fabricated metal products........... 123.3 121.2 121.0 119.1 119.4 121.1 120.3 120.6 119.5 115.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 107.3 103.9 104.3 105.2 104.5 105.4 104.3 104.6 104.2 102.3
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 109.9 108.8 109.7 109.8 106.8 108.1 108.2 108.2 108.0 106.8
Transportation equipment............ 129.8 120.7 121.4 117.9 125.0 120.7 119.8 120.9 120.5 113.6
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 176.1 159.6 159.1 151.7 168.0 161.3 159.5 161.0 157.2 144.3
Instruments and related products.... 77.7 73.5 74.5 74.2 75.8 74.2 73.8 73.6 73.8 72.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 104.4 102.5 101.4 99.3 103.1 100.1 99.9 99.5 99.1 98.0
Nondurable goods..................... 101.8 99.0 98.3 97.3 100.2 98.2 97.9 97.9 96.9 95.4
Food and kindred products........... 118.9 120.3 117.8 116.2 117.7 116.3 115.5 116.6 115.2 114.5
Tobacco products.................... 65.0 52.9 52.5 53.8 56.6 43.5 49.9 48.2 47.8 46.9
Textile mill products............... 80.7 77.4 76.4 75.8 79.6 77.5 77.5 77.2 75.4 74.9
Apparel and other textile products.. 59.1 54.9 54.5 53.1 58.7 55.5 54.9 54.5 54.0 52.5
Paper and allied products........... 108.9 104.3 104.3 103.5 106.4 103.6 104.3 103.6 103.2 101.1
Printing and publishing............. 124.7 123.3 124.0 123.4 121.8 122.0 122.7 122.8 121.6 120.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 105.3 101.3 101.4 101.0 103.5 101.7 101.1 101.0 100.3 99.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 67.6 64.7 62.3 60.2 69.1 63.0 61.5 62.0 60.9 60.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 151.0 144.5 144.0 142.6 147.9 146.1 145.0 144.5 143.7 139.1
Leather and leather products........ 32.5 31.0 31.7 30.4 32.2 31.4 31.0 30.5 31.1 30.2
Service-producing....................... 166.3 169.3 168.4 168.9 165.0 166.7 167.5 167.6 168.0 167.7
Transportation and public utilities... 136.1 141.6 140.2 140.6 134.4 135.1 138.5 139.2 139.0 139.8
Wholesale trade....................... 131.8 134.3 133.8 133.1 132.0 132.2 133.3 133.3 133.9 133.0
Retail trade.......................... 150.3 145.1 146.3 149.7 144.6 144.6 144.4 144.6 145.4 143.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.6 140.9 138.6 138.8 139.4 138.8 139.9 139.5 139.9 139.9
Services.............................. 204.5 213.3 211.3 210.1 205.7 210.0 210.5 210.5 210.9 211.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 53.7 55.2 p50.6 p53.8
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 58.4 50.8 p52.4 p53.7
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 56.0 54.4 p56.9 p54.8
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 63.8 60.8 59.8 p58.6 p56.0
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 38.8 45.7 p43.5 p42.4
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 36.3 28.8 p35.6 p37.1
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 38.1 33.5 p36.0 p31.7
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 44.6 39.2 39.2 p35.3 p30.9
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: February 02, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_dec2000.htm
CPS Publications - Historical Monthly Employment Reports: 2000 Page
CPS Main Page