Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-03
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, January 4, 2002.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2001
Employment continued to decline in December, and the unemployment rate
edged up to 5.8 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment decreased
by 124,000 over the month and by 1.1 million over the last 4 months of
2001. In December, job losses continued in manufacturing, transportation,
and trade; these losses were partially offset by employment gains in
services and government.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons continued to rise in December,
reaching 8.3 million (after seasonal adjustment). The unemployment rate
was up by 0.2 percentage point to 5.8 percent. Over the year, the number
of unemployed persons increased by 2.6 million and the unemployment
rate rose by 1.8 percentage points. (See table A-1.)
The unemployment rate for adult women increased to 5.2 percent in
December. Jobless rates showed little or no change in December for adult men
(5.2 percent), teenagers (16.2 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (10.2
percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent), but unemployment rates for all of
these groups increased over the year. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
The number of unemployed persons who were reentrants to the labor force
increased to 2.4 million in December, while the levels of unemployed job
losers, job leavers, and new entrants to the labor force were little
changed. The number of unemployed job losers not on temporary layoff
(persons who did not expect to be recalled) was about unchanged in
December, but increased by about 1.7 million over the year. This group
constituted 41 percent of the unemployed in December, up from 28.9 percent
a year earlier. (See table A-7.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using |
|updated seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate 2001 data. Sea-|
|sonally adjusted estimates back to January 1997 were subject to revi-|
|sion. The unemployment rates for January-December 2001, as origin- |
|ally published and as revised, appear on page 6 along with additional|
|information on the revisions. |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| Nov.-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | Dec.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,700| 142,291| 142,280| 142,279| 142,314| 35
Employment..........| 134,839| 134,308| 134,615| 134,253| 134,055| -198
Unemployment........| 6,860| 7,983| 7,665| 8,026| 8,259| 233
Not in labor force....| 70,438| 70,467| 70,301| 70,488| 70,613| 125
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.8| 5.6| 5.4| 5.6| 5.8| 0.2
Adult men...........| 4.3| 5.0| 4.8| 5.2| 5.2| .0
Adult women.........| 4.2| 5.0| 4.8| 4.9| 5.2| .3
Teenagers...........| 15.2| 15.8| 15.4| 15.7| 16.2| .5
White...............| 4.2| 4.9| 4.7| 5.0| 5.1| .1
Black...............| 8.7| 9.9| 9.6| 9.9| 10.2| .3
Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 7.5| 7.1| 7.4| 7.9| .5
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,358|p131,493| 131,782|p131,411|p131,287| p-124
Goods-producing 1/..| 24,991| p24,589| 24,746| p24,577| p24,444| p-133
Construction......| 6,866| p6,852| 6,852| p6,849| p6,854| p5
Manufacturing.....| 17,556| p17,171| 17,325| p17,160| p17,027| p-133
Service-producing 1/| 107,367|p106,904| 107,036|p106,834|p106,843| p9
Retail trade......| 23,575| p23,388| 23,422| p23,410| p23,333| p-77
Services..........| 41,103| p40,946| 40,995| p40,886| p40,958| p72
Government........| 20,973| p21,026| 20,998| p21,009| p21,072| p63
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.1| p34.1| 34.0| p34.1| p34.2| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 40.7| p40.5| 40.5| p40.3| p40.7| p.4
Overtime..........| 4.0| p3.8| 3.8| p3.7| p3.9| p.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 150.3| p148.8| 148.9| p148.7| p148.7| p0.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.40| p$14.54| $14.47| p$14.54| p$14.61| p$0.07
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 490.93| p495.82| 491.98| p495.81| p499.66| p3.85
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note
on page 6.
- 3 -
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment continued to trend down in December, and the
employment-population ratio edged down to 63.0 percent. Over the year,
employment decreased by about 1.8 million persons, and the employment-
population ratio fell by 1.5 percentage points. The number of persons
working part time despite their preference for full-time work rose over the
year, from 3.2 to 4.3 million. (See tables A-1 and A-4.)
The size of the civilian labor force was about unchanged in December,
at 142.3 million persons. The labor force participation rate also was
little changed at 66.8 percent. (See table A-1.)
About 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in December. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of
total employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in December, up slightly over the year. These
individuals reported they wanted and were available for work and had looked
for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was
344,000 in December, up from 265,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See
table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 124,000 in December,
seasonally adjusted, and private-sector employment fell by 187,000. Since
the recession began in March, the number of nonfarm payroll jobs has
declined by 1.4 million. In December, large declines continued in
manufacturing, air transportation, retail trade, and help supply services.
Employment increased in health services, private education, and government.
(See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment fell by 133,000 in December, bringing the
total drop for the year to 1.3 million. Over the month, nearly every
manufacturing industry continued to lose jobs. Large employment declines
continued in both electrical equipment (-28,000) and industrial machinery
(-24,000). Transportation equipment, which includes motor vehicle and
aircraft manufacturing, lost 18,000 jobs in December. In 2001, a number of
industries lost more than 10 percent of their total employment--electrical
equipment (-15.2 percent), leather (-14.5 percent), apparel and textiles
(-13.1 percent each), primary metals (-10.8 percent), industrial machinery
(-10.7 percent), and furniture (-10.6 percent).
- 4 -
Elsewhere in goods-producing industries in December, employment fell by
5,000 in mining. Most of the decline was in oil and gas extraction, which
had employment gains for most of the year but lost 6,000 jobs in the fourth
quarter of 2001. Over the month, construction employment was little
changed. Although showing no net growth since the spring, the construction
industry has not experienced the employment declines that typically occur
in a recession.
In the service-producing sector, retail trade employment decreased by
77,000, seasonally adjusted, in December. This was the fifth consecutive
monthly decline. Over the period, job losses have totaled 273,000, more
than offsetting employment gains that had occurred in the first 7 months of
2001. Continued weak hiring for the holiday shopping season contributed to
December job losses (after seasonal adjustment) in general merchandise
stores (-28,000), apparel stores (-5,000), and miscellaneous retailers
(-39,000) such as toy stores and jewelry stores. Car dealers added 4,000
jobs in December following a similar increase in November, as financing
incentives helped boost car sales. Employment continued to decline in
wholesale trade (-10,000). Since its peak in November 2000, the industry
has lost 136,000 jobs.
Employment declines continued in transportation and public utilities,
with a loss of 36,000 jobs in December. The industry has lost 218,000 jobs
since its recent peak in May. As was the case in October and November,
employment fell sharply in air transportation (-26,000) and transportation
services (-6,000), which includes travel agencies. Since September,
employment in these industries has dropped by 111,000 and 28,000,
respectively, as the terrorist attacks further weakened the business and
leisure travel markets. In December, communications lost 6,000 jobs; this
was the industry's second consecutive month of job losses. Public
utilities lost 5,000 jobs in December.
The services industry added 72,000 jobs in December, following 2 months
of employment declines totaling 248,000. In December, job gains continued
in health services; the industry added 31,000 jobs over the month and a
total of 304,000 jobs in 2001--136,000 in hospitals. Educational services
also had a strong employment gain in December (28,000); this industry added
112,000 jobs over the year. Amusement and recreation services added 18,000
jobs in December, following a decline of 29,000 in November. This industry
has shown virtually no net employment growth since the beginning of the
year. Help supply services, which provides workers to other industries,
continued to experience significant employment declines, with a loss of
55,000 jobs in December. Since September 2000, the industry has lost
688,000 jobs, nearly one-fifth of its employment. Job losses also
continued in hotels and other lodging places in December. Since its peak
in March, employment in this industry has fallen by 115,000.
Government employment increased by 63,000 in December. Both state and
local government showed employment gains (19,000 and 36,000, respectively)
with much of the growth in education. State government education added
87,000 jobs in 2001--five times the increase in 2000. Similarly, local
government education gained 193,000 jobs in 2001--nearly three times its
growth in 2000. After a month of little change, employment in local
government excluding education grew by 19,000 in December.
Employment in finance grew by 5,000 in December. Refinancing activity
continued to spur job growth in mortgage banking. Security and commodity
brokerages lost 7,000 jobs in December, for a total loss of 37,000 since
March. In December, real estate employment declined by 5,000; employment
in the industry has changed little over the year.
- 5 -
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in December to 34.2 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.4 hour to 40.7
hours, and factory overtime increased by 0.2 hour to 3.9 hours. (See
table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 148.7 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted. The index has fallen by 2.3 percent from its recent
peak in January 2001. The manufacturing index edged up by 0.1 percent to
93.4 in December but has fallen by 8.6 percent over the year. (See
table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 cents in December to $14.61,
seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of 7 cents (as revised) in
November. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.8 percent in December to
$499.66. Over the year, average hourly earnings and average weekly
earnings each rose by 4.1 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for January 2002 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, February 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
- 6 -
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (also referred to as the household survey) to incorporate
the data of that year. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January
1997-December 2001 were subject to revision. (Seasonally adjusted
establishment data will be revised in June, concurrent with the
introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.)
Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall
unemployment rate since January 2001. The rate was revised in 5 months, in
each case by 0.1 percentage point. Revised seasonally adjusted data for
major labor force series since December 2000 appear in table C.
The January 2002 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain the new
seasonal adjustment factors for major series for the January-June 2002
period. The publication also will contain a description of the current
seasonal adjustment methodology and revised data for the most recent 13
months or quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally
adjusted household survey data. Historical data for the household series
contained in the "A" tables of this release also can be accessed on the BLS
Internet site at (http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm). Revised historical
seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the
Internet at (ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/).
Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due
to revision, January-December 2001
---------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
Month and year | As first | As | Change
| computed | revised |
| | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
2001 | | |
| | |
January..............| 4.2 | 4.2 | .0
February.............| 4.2 | 4.2 | .0
March................| 4.3 | 4.3 | .0
April................| 4.5 | 4.5 | .0
May..................| 4.4 | 4.4 | .0
June.................| 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.1
July.................| 4.5 | 4.6 | .1
August...............| 4.9 | 4.9 | .0
September............| 4.9 | 5.0 | .1
October..............| 5.4 | 5.4 | .0
November.............| 5.7 | 5.6 | -.1
December.............| 1/ 5.9 | 5.8 | -.1
---------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Not published.
- 7 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000 2001
Employment status,
sex, and age
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 210,743 210,889 211,026 211,171 211,348 211,525 211,725 211,921 212,135 212,357 212,581 212,767 212,927
Civilian labor force.... 141,544 141,757 141,622 141,869 141,734 141,445 141,468 141,651 141,380 142,068 142,280 142,279 142,314
Participation rate... 67.2 67.2 67.1 67.2 67.1 66.9 66.8 66.8 66.6 66.9 66.9 66.9 66.8
Employed.............. 135,888 135,870 135,734 135,808 135,424 135,235 135,003 135,106 134,408 135,004 134,615 134,253 134,055
Employment-population
ratio............... 64.5 64.4 64.3 64.3 64.1 63.9 63.8 63.8 63.4 63.6 63.3 63.1 63.0
Unemployed............ 5,656 5,887 5,888 6,061 6,310 6,210 6,465 6,545 6,972 7,064 7,665 8,026 8,259
Unemployment rate... 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 93,117 93,184 93,227 93,285 93,410 93,541 93,616 93,708 93,810 93,917 94,015 94,077 94,161
Civilian labor force.... 71,318 71,374 71,289 71,300 71,541 71,468 71,429 71,500 71,523 71,805 71,940 71,935 71,988
Participation rate... 76.6 76.6 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.3 76.3 76.2 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5
Employed.............. 68,863 68,825 68,766 68,619 68,720 68,698 68,535 68,610 68,388 68,696 68,486 68,204 68,276
Employment-population
ratio............... 74.0 73.9 73.8 73.6 73.6 73.4 73.2 73.2 72.9 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.5
Agriculture....... 2,213 2,132 2,157 2,150 2,105 2,168 2,057 2,035 2,129 2,138 2,132 2,082 2,141
Nonagricultural
industries....... 66,650 66,693 66,609 66,469 66,615 66,530 66,478 66,575 66,259 66,558 66,354 66,122 66,135
Unemployed............ 2,455 2,549 2,523 2,681 2,821 2,770 2,894 2,890 3,135 3,109 3,454 3,731 3,712
Unemployment rate... 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 101,612 101,643 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938 102,023 102,067 102,165 102,277 102,371 102,438 102,492
Civilian labor force.... 61,864 62,071 62,130 62,331 62,102 62,068 61,961 62,103 62,142 62,222 62,269 62,321 62,481
Participation rate... 60.9 61.1 61.1 61.2 61.0 60.9 60.7 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.8 61.0
Employed.............. 59,758 59,869 59,869 60,089 59,758 59,716 59,555 59,640 59,526 59,463 59,302 59,288 59,205
Employment-population
ratio............... 58.8 58.9 58.9 59.0 58.7 58.6 58.4 58.4 58.3 58.1 57.9 57.9 57.8
Agriculture....... 816 835 824 811 827 816 772 784 781 823 842 852 859
Nonagricultural
industries....... 58,942 59,034 59,045 59,278 58,931 58,900 58,783 58,856 58,745 58,640 58,460 58,436 58,346
Unemployed............ 2,106 2,202 2,261 2,242 2,344 2,352 2,406 2,463 2,616 2,759 2,967 3,033 3,276
Unemployment rate... 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1).......... 16,014 16,063 16,113 16,108 16,068 16,046 16,086 16,145 16,161 16,163 16,195 16,252 16,275
Civilian labor force.... 8,362 8,312 8,203 8,238 8,091 7,909 8,078 8,048 7,715 8,041 8,071 8,023 7,845
Participation rate... 52.2 51.7 50.9 51.1 50.4 49.3 50.2 49.8 47.7 49.7 49.8 49.4 48.2
Employed.............. 7,267 7,176 7,099 7,100 6,946 6,821 6,913 6,856 6,494 6,845 6,827 6,761 6,574
Employment-population
ratio............... 45.4 44.7 44.1 44.1 43.2 42.5 43.0 42.5 40.2 42.3 42.2 41.6 40.4
Agriculture....... 201 202 152 202 235 209 215 236 216 220 229 220 246
Nonagricultural
industries....... 7,066 6,974 6,947 6,898 6,711 6,612 6,698 6,620 6,278 6,625 6,598 6,541 6,328
Unemployed............ 1,095 1,136 1,104 1,138 1,145 1,088 1,165 1,192 1,221 1,196 1,244 1,262 1,271
Unemployment rate... 13.1 13.7 13.5 13.8 14.2 13.8 14.4 14.8 15.8 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
- 6 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 7 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 8 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 9 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 210,743 212,767 212,927 210,743 212,135 212,357 212,581 212,767 212,927
Civilian labor force............................ 141,319 141,911 141,912 141,544 141,380 142,068 142,280 142,279 142,314
Participation rate........................ 67.1 66.7 66.6 67.2 66.6 66.9 66.9 66.9 66.8
Employed...................................... 136,092 134,359 134,235 135,888 134,408 135,004 134,615 134,253 134,055
Employment-population ratio............... 64.6 63.1 63.0 64.5 63.4 63.6 63.3 63.1 63.0
Agriculture................................. 2,936 2,971 2,946 3,230 3,126 3,181 3,203 3,154 3,246
Nonagricultural industries.................. 133,156 131,388 131,288 132,658 131,282 131,823 131,412 131,099 130,809
Unemployed.................................... 5,227 7,551 7,678 5,656 6,972 7,064 7,665 8,026 8,259
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 5.3 5.4 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
Not in labor force.............................. 69,424 70,856 71,015 69,199 70,755 70,289 70,301 70,488 70,613
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,182 4,320 4,347 4,507 4,788 4,568 4,673 4,698 4,661
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,260 102,322 102,402 101,260 101,995 102,110 102,229 102,322 102,402
Civilian labor force............................ 75,281 75,594 75,643 75,611 75,538 75,951 76,027 76,023 75,976
Participation rate........................ 74.3 73.9 73.9 74.7 74.1 74.4 74.4 74.3 74.2
Employed...................................... 72,275 71,456 71,311 72,543 71,705 72,177 71,871 71,570 71,577
Employment-population ratio............... 71.4 69.8 69.6 71.6 70.3 70.7 70.3 69.9 69.9
Unemployed.................................... 3,006 4,138 4,332 3,068 3,833 3,774 4,156 4,453 4,399
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 5.5 5.7 4.1 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 93,117 94,077 94,161 93,117 93,810 93,917 94,015 94,077 94,161
Civilian labor force............................ 71,194 71,738 71,862 71,318 71,523 71,805 71,940 71,935 71,988
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.3 76.3 76.6 76.2 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5
Employed...................................... 68,752 68,292 68,172 68,863 68,388 68,696 68,486 68,204 68,276
Employment-population ratio............... 73.8 72.6 72.4 74.0 72.9 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.5
Agriculture................................. 2,028 2,013 1,962 2,213 2,129 2,138 2,132 2,082 2,141
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,724 66,279 66,210 66,650 66,259 66,558 66,354 66,122 66,135
Unemployed.................................... 2,442 3,446 3,690 2,455 3,135 3,109 3,454 3,731 3,712
Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 4.8 5.1 3.4 4.4 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,483 110,445 110,525 109,483 110,140 110,247 110,353 110,445 110,525
Civilian labor force............................ 66,038 66,317 66,269 65,933 65,842 66,117 66,253 66,256 66,338
Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.0 60.0 60.2 59.8 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Employed...................................... 63,817 62,904 62,923 63,345 62,703 62,827 62,744 62,683 62,478
Employment-population ratio............... 58.3 57.0 56.9 57.9 56.9 57.0 56.9 56.8 56.5
Unemployed.................................... 2,221 3,414 3,346 2,588 3,139 3,290 3,509 3,573 3,860
Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 5.1 5.0 3.9 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,612 102,438 102,492 101,612 102,165 102,277 102,371 102,438 102,492
Civilian labor force............................ 62,069 62,454 62,521 61,864 62,142 62,222 62,269 62,321 62,481
Participation rate........................ 61.1 61.0 61.0 60.9 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.8 61.0
Employed...................................... 60,235 59,576 59,665 59,758 59,526 59,463 59,302 59,288 59,205
Employment-population ratio............... 59.3 58.2 58.2 58.8 58.3 58.1 57.9 57.9 57.8
Agriculture................................. 757 770 798 816 781 823 842 852 859
Nonagricultural industries.................. 59,478 58,806 58,867 58,942 58,745 58,640 58,460 58,436 58,346
Unemployed.................................... 1,834 2,878 2,856 2,106 2,616 2,759 2,967 3,033 3,276
Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 4.6 4.6 3.4 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,014 16,252 16,275 16,014 16,161 16,163 16,195 16,252 16,275
Civilian labor force............................ 8,056 7,719 7,529 8,362 7,715 8,041 8,071 8,023 7,845
Participation rate........................ 50.3 47.5 46.3 52.2 47.7 49.7 49.8 49.4 48.2
Employed...................................... 7,105 6,491 6,397 7,267 6,494 6,845 6,827 6,761 6,574
Employment-population ratio............... 44.4 39.9 39.3 45.4 40.2 42.3 42.2 41.6 40.4
Agriculture................................. 152 188 186 201 216 220 229 220 246
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,954 6,303 6,211 7,066 6,278 6,625 6,598 6,541 6,328
Unemployed.................................... 951 1,228 1,131 1,095 1,221 1,196 1,244 1,262 1,271
Unemployment rate......................... 11.8 15.9 15.0 13.1 15.8 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 175,145 176,500 176,607 175,145 176,069 176,220 176,372 176,500 176,607
Civilian labor force............................ 117,796 118,168 118,126 117,989 117,813 118,274 118,506 118,566 118,403
Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.0 66.9 67.4 66.9 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.0
Employed...................................... 113,950 112,649 112,459 113,874 112,740 113,147 112,878 112,652 112,388
Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 63.8 63.7 65.0 64.0 64.2 64.0 63.8 63.6
Unemployed.................................... 3,845 5,519 5,667 4,115 5,073 5,127 5,628 5,914 6,015
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 4.7 4.8 3.5 4.3 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,275 60,686 60,779 60,371 60,631 60,751 60,957 60,900 60,875
Participation rate.......................... 76.7 76.6 76.7 76.9 76.8 76.9 77.0 76.9 76.8
Employed...................................... 58,484 58,080 57,950 58,590 58,306 58,428 58,287 58,044 58,051
Employment-population ratio................. 74.5 73.4 73.1 74.6 73.8 73.9 73.7 73.3 73.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,791 2,606 2,829 1,781 2,325 2,323 2,670 2,856 2,824
Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 4.3 4.7 3.0 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.7 4.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,766 50,974 50,999 50,553 50,655 50,680 50,762 50,850 50,869
Participation rate.......................... 60.5 60.3 60.3 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.2
Employed...................................... 49,408 48,956 48,974 49,019 48,809 48,747 48,695 48,712 48,591
Employment-population ratio................. 58.9 58.0 57.9 58.4 57.9 57.8 57.7 57.7 57.5
Unemployed.................................... 1,358 2,018 2,025 1,534 1,846 1,933 2,067 2,138 2,278
Unemployment rate........................... 2.7 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,754 6,508 6,348 7,065 6,527 6,843 6,787 6,816 6,659
Participation rate.......................... 53.2 50.7 49.4 55.7 50.9 53.4 52.9 53.1 51.8
Employed...................................... 6,058 5,613 5,535 6,265 5,625 5,972 5,896 5,896 5,746
Employment-population ratio................. 47.7 43.7 43.0 49.4 43.9 46.6 45.9 45.9 44.7
Unemployed.................................... 696 894 813 800 902 871 891 920 913
Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 13.7 12.8 11.3 13.8 12.7 13.1 13.5 13.7
Men....................................... 11.9 16.2 14.3 12.3 15.1 13.6 14.7 15.8 14.6
Women..................................... 8.6 11.3 11.3 10.3 12.4 11.7 11.5 11.1 12.8
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,408 25,720 25,752 25,408 25,604 25,644 25,686 25,720 25,752
Civilian labor force............................ 16,758 16,729 16,851 16,717 16,720 16,827 16,748 16,687 16,833
Participation rate.......................... 66.0 65.0 65.4 65.8 65.3 65.6 65.2 64.9 65.4
Employed...................................... 15,594 15,127 15,262 15,459 15,210 15,339 15,144 15,040 15,122
Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 58.8 59.3 60.8 59.4 59.8 59.0 58.5 58.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,165 1,602 1,589 1,258 1,510 1,488 1,604 1,647 1,711
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 9.6 9.4 7.5 9.0 8.8 9.6 9.9 10.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,432 7,424 7,526 7,410 7,418 7,486 7,354 7,385 7,490
Participation rate.......................... 72.9 71.9 72.8 72.6 72.2 72.8 71.4 71.6 72.5
Employed...................................... 6,894 6,804 6,840 6,876 6,763 6,905 6,751 6,739 6,811
Employment-population ratio................. 67.6 65.9 66.2 67.4 65.9 67.1 65.5 65.3 65.9
Unemployed.................................... 538 620 686 534 655 581 603 646 679
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 8.3 9.1 7.2 8.8 7.8 8.2 8.7 9.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,372 8,396 8,453 8,337 8,426 8,431 8,450 8,371 8,456
Participation rate.......................... 65.7 65.1 65.4 65.4 65.6 65.5 65.6 64.9 65.4
Employed...................................... 7,967 7,703 7,811 7,871 7,835 7,783 7,734 7,669 7,720
Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 59.7 60.4 61.8 61.0 60.5 60.0 59.4 59.7
Unemployed.................................... 405 693 642 466 591 648 716 702 736
Unemployment rate........................... 4.8 8.3 7.6 5.6 7.0 7.7 8.5 8.4 8.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 955 909 871 970 876 910 944 931 887
Participation rate.......................... 38.8 36.4 34.9 39.4 35.2 36.6 37.9 37.3 35.5
Employed...................................... 732 620 610 712 612 651 659 632 591
Employment-population ratio................. 29.7 24.9 24.4 28.9 24.6 26.2 26.5 25.3 23.7
Unemployed.................................... 223 289 262 258 264 259 285 299 296
Unemployment rate........................... 23.3 31.8 30.0 26.6 30.1 28.5 30.2 32.1 33.4
Men....................................... 29.2 31.1 31.3 29.9 31.4 30.8 31.2 31.6 32.0
Women..................................... 17.3 32.4 28.5 23.4 28.7 26.1 29.1 32.6 34.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,749 23,417 23,478 22,749 23,222 23,288 23,351 23,417 23,478
Civilian labor force............................ 15,627 15,830 15,994 15,643 15,788 15,811 15,956 15,932 16,013
Participation rate.......................... 68.7 67.6 68.1 68.8 68.0 67.9 68.3 68.0 68.2
Employed...................................... 14,748 14,698 14,760 14,743 14,771 14,785 14,824 14,751 14,753
Employment-population ratio................. 64.8 62.8 62.9 64.8 63.6 63.5 63.5 63.0 62.8
Unemployed.................................... 879 1,132 1,234 900 1,017 1,026 1,132 1,181 1,260
Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 7.1 7.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.9
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Seasonally adjusted
data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,693 27,504 27,815 27,693 27,468 27,478 27,325 27,504 27,815
Civilian labor force.................... 11,797 11,997 12,195 11,840 11,954 11,981 12,076 12,035 12,257
Percent of population............... 42.6 43.6 43.8 42.8 43.5 43.6 44.2 43.8 44.1
Employed.............................. 11,049 11,044 11,099 11,102 11,086 11,056 11,139 11,066 11,173
Employment-population ratio......... 39.9 40.2 39.9 40.1 40.4 40.2 40.8 40.2 40.2
Unemployed............................ 748 954 1,097 738 868 925 937 969 1,084
Unemployment rate................... 6.3 7.9 9.0 6.2 7.3 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.8
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,899 57,400 57,520 57,899 57,513 57,400 57,221 57,400 57,520
Civilian labor force.................... 37,385 36,836 37,036 37,205 37,005 36,923 36,912 36,719 36,856
Percent of population............... 64.6 64.2 64.4 64.3 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.0 64.1
Employed.............................. 36,111 35,069 35,248 35,920 35,403 35,319 35,199 34,882 35,051
Employment-population ratio......... 62.4 61.1 61.3 62.0 61.6 61.5 61.5 60.8 60.9
Unemployed............................ 1,274 1,767 1,789 1,285 1,602 1,604 1,713 1,837 1,805
Unemployment rate................... 3.4 4.8 4.8 3.5 4.3 4.3 4.6 5.0 4.9
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,596 45,353 45,362 44,596 45,339 45,424 45,471 45,353 45,362
Civilian labor force.................... 33,128 33,529 33,563 33,056 33,412 33,759 33,373 33,420 33,521
Percent of population............... 74.3 73.9 74.0 74.1 73.7 74.3 73.4 73.7 73.9
Employed.............................. 32,298 32,203 32,216 32,169 32,314 32,570 32,057 32,018 32,087
Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.0 71.0 72.1 71.3 71.7 70.5 70.6 70.7
Unemployed............................ 829 1,326 1,347 887 1,098 1,189 1,316 1,402 1,434
Unemployment rate................... 2.5 4.0 4.0 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.3
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,839 47,225 46,877 45,839 46,734 46,870 47,371 47,225 46,877
Civilian labor force.................... 36,479 37,290 37,071 36,456 36,751 36,918 37,157 37,324 37,101
Percent of population............... 79.6 79.0 79.1 79.5 78.6 78.8 78.4 79.0 79.1
Employed.............................. 35,974 36,285 36,045 35,892 35,930 36,008 36,153 36,223 35,960
Employment-population ratio......... 78.5 76.8 76.9 78.3 76.9 76.8 76.3 76.7 76.7
Unemployed............................ 505 1,005 1,026 564 821 910 1,004 1,101 1,141
Unemployment rate................... 1.4 2.7 2.8 1.5 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 136,092 134,359 134,235 135,888 134,408 135,004 134,615 134,253 134,055
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,502 43,044 42,879 43,367 43,143 43,099 42,983 42,861 42,772
Married women, spouse present................... 34,090 33,482 33,514 33,760 33,685 33,604 33,227 33,330 33,209
Women who maintain families..................... 8,466 8,386 8,504 8,437 8,328 8,274 8,256 8,331 8,458
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,313 42,031 41,953 41,211 41,777 41,813 41,940 41,925 41,890
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 40,159 38,602 38,970 39,780 38,817 38,891 38,626 38,546 38,573
Service occupations............................. 18,350 18,436 18,408 18,490 18,134 18,402 18,406 18,456 18,532
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,947 14,620 14,513 14,930 14,937 14,857 14,802 14,637 14,507
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,358 17,581 17,365 18,152 17,600 17,654 17,596 17,311 17,179
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,966 3,090 3,026 3,310 3,182 3,281 3,264 3,267 3,371
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,817 1,753 1,715 1,994 1,852 1,882 1,898 1,865 1,879
Self-employed workers......................... 1,093 1,208 1,211 1,184 1,239 1,278 1,290 1,276 1,313
Unpaid family workers......................... 26 11 20 34 29 24 26 12 27
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 124,516 122,859 122,781 123,922 122,685 123,186 122,710 122,507 122,196
Government.................................. 19,576 19,356 19,418 19,350 19,150 19,290 19,223 19,172 19,183
Private industries.......................... 104,940 103,503 103,364 104,572 103,535 103,896 103,487 103,335 103,013
Private households........................ 907 772 743 895 814 804 867 790 736
Other industries.......................... 104,032 102,730 102,620 103,677 102,721 103,092 102,620 102,545 102,277
Self-employed workers......................... 8,515 8,450 8,406 8,633 8,503 8,556 8,505 8,507 8,524
Unpaid family workers......................... 125 79 101 115 111 101 95 77 92
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,246 4,042 4,388 3,168 3,389 4,148 4,329 4,206 4,267
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,039 2,729 2,943 1,948 2,115 2,796 2,983 2,796 2,809
Could only find part-time work.............. 849 1,052 1,117 887 952 1,064 1,108 1,121 1,161
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 20,247 19,672 19,801 18,962 19,011 18,798 18,644 18,587 18,540
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,072 3,837 4,199 3,027 3,246 4,015 4,222 4,017 4,119
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,936 2,600 2,826 1,863 2,025 2,704 2,898 2,679 2,717
Could only find part-time work.............. 838 1,035 1,103 869 927 1,045 1,082 1,096 1,138
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,691 19,118 19,228 18,395 18,485 18,232 18,065 18,007 17,960
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,656 8,026 8,259 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,455 3,731 3,712 3.4 4.4 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,106 3,033 3,276 3.4 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,095 1,262 1,271 13.1 15.8 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2
Married men, spouse present.................... 978 1,465 1,516 2.2 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4
Married women, spouse present.................. 903 1,237 1,280 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7
Women who maintain families.................... 443 724 731 5.0 6.8 7.1 6.8 8.0 8.0
Full-time workers.............................. 4,524 6,624 6,820 3.9 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
Part-time workers.............................. 1,121 1,375 1,383 4.6 5.4 4.6 5.5 5.6 5.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 695 1,207 1,233 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,400 2,053 2,114 3.4 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.2
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 559 895 889 3.6 4.8 4.9 5.6 5.8 5.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,234 1,729 1,738 6.4 7.8 7.7 8.5 9.1 9.2
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 223 237 264 6.3 8.4 7.2 6.4 6.8 7.3
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,355 6,586 6,839 4.0 5.2 5.2 5.8 6.0 6.2
Goods-producing industries................... 1,266 1,994 2,072 4.5 6.2 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.4
Mining..................................... 19 29 32 3.5 4.7 5.0 5.8 5.3 6.1
Construction............................... 511 745 734 6.4 7.6 7.8 8.3 8.9 8.9
Manufacturing.............................. 736 1,220 1,306 3.7 5.7 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8
Durable goods............................ 419 807 846 3.4 5.8 5.8 6.5 6.9 7.2
Nondurable goods......................... 317 413 460 4.1 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.1
Service-producing industries................. 3,089 4,592 4,767 3.8 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.6 5.8
Transportation and public utilities........ 248 504 497 3.2 3.6 3.9 6.0 6.1 6.1
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,317 1,767 1,963 4.8 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.4 7.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 176 293 244 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.0
Services................................... 1,348 2,028 2,063 3.6 4.9 4.8 5.5 5.4 5.5
Government workers............................. 420 473 475 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 195 192 199 8.9 10.0 7.6 9.0 9.3 9.6
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,176 2,883 2,641 2,478 2,953 2,807 3,084 3,090 3,024
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,807 2,501 2,749 1,797 2,152 2,366 2,522 2,573 2,724
15 weeks and over................................ 1,244 2,168 2,287 1,314 1,798 1,907 2,042 2,317 2,410
15 to 26 weeks................................ 611 1,115 1,185 671 980 1,084 1,136 1,207 1,295
27 weeks and over............................. 633 1,052 1,103 643 818 823 906 1,110 1,115
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.8 14.5 14.8 12.5 13.2 13.3 13.0 14.4 14.5
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.0 7.5 8.3 5.9 6.6 7.3 7.4 7.6 8.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 41.6 38.2 34.4 44.3 42.8 39.6 40.3 38.7 37.1
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 34.6 33.1 35.8 32.2 31.2 33.4 33.0 32.2 33.4
15 weeks and over.............................. 23.8 28.7 29.8 23.5 26.0 26.9 26.7 29.0 29.5
15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.7 14.8 15.4 12.0 14.2 15.3 14.9 15.1 15.9
27 weeks and over............................ 12.1 13.9 14.4 11.5 11.8 11.6 11.8 13.9 13.7
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,587 4,194 4,420 2,614 3,438 3,595 4,297 4,501 4,492
On temporary layoff............................. 1,039 1,017 1,183 968 1,071 1,114 1,288 1,157 1,107
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,548 3,177 3,237 1,646 2,367 2,481 3,009 3,344 3,385
Permanent job losers.......................... 957 2,403 2,463 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 591 774 774 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 648 799 814 727 877 819 880 848 908
Reentrants........................................ 1,615 2,096 2,051 1,867 2,162 2,102 2,113 2,197 2,361
New entrants...................................... 377 462 393 481 488 466 466 497 495
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 49.5 55.5 57.6 45.9 49.4 51.5 55.4 56.0 54.4
On temporary layoff............................ 19.9 13.5 15.4 17.0 15.4 16.0 16.6 14.4 13.4
Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.6 42.1 42.2 28.9 34.0 35.5 38.8 41.6 41.0
Job leavers...................................... 12.4 10.6 10.6 12.8 12.6 11.7 11.3 10.5 11.0
Reentrants....................................... 30.9 27.8 26.7 32.8 31.0 30.1 27.2 27.3 28.6
New entrants..................................... 7.2 6.1 5.1 8.5 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.2 6.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 3.0 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2
Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 1.5 1.6 .9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 3.0 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.7 5.3 5.4 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 3.9 5.5 5.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.5 6.2 6.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.7 9.0 9.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,656 8,026 8,259 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,104 2,650 2,679 9.2 11.3 10.8 11.5 11.7 11.9
16 to 19 years................................ 1,095 1,262 1,271 13.1 15.8 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2
16 to 17 years.............................. 522 531 566 15.7 18.6 16.6 17.4 17.5 18.8
18 to 19 years.............................. 591 738 722 11.6 14.4 13.9 14.2 14.8 14.8
20 to 24 years................................ 1,009 1,388 1,408 6.9 8.9 8.6 9.3 9.5 9.6
25 years and over............................... 3,471 5,307 5,428 2.9 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.5
25 to 54 years................................ 3,015 4,648 4,674 3.0 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.7
55 years and over............................. 450 668 773 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.0
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,068 4,453 4,399 4.1 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.8
16 to 24 years................................ 1,175 1,526 1,483 9.8 12.3 11.5 12.4 13.0 12.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 613 722 687 14.3 17.4 16.0 17.2 17.7 17.2
16 to 17 years............................ 302 316 308 18.4 21.9 18.7 20.3 20.4 20.0
18 to 19 years............................ 314 411 382 11.8 15.0 14.5 15.1 16.2 15.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 562 804 796 7.3 9.5 9.1 9.8 10.5 10.5
25 years and over............................. 1,876 2,877 2,883 2.9 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,574 2,453 2,413 2.9 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.5
55 years and over........................... 279 430 447 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.2
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,588 3,573 3,860 3.9 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.8
16 to 24 years................................ 929 1,124 1,196 8.5 10.3 10.1 10.5 10.3 11.0
16 to 19 years.............................. 482 540 584 11.8 14.1 13.6 13.6 13.7 15.1
16 to 17 years............................ 220 215 258 13.0 15.4 14.3 14.5 14.5 17.6
18 to 19 years............................ 277 327 340 11.4 13.7 13.3 13.3 13.3 14.0
20 to 24 years.............................. 447 584 612 6.5 8.2 8.1 8.7 8.3 8.7
25 years and over............................. 1,595 2,430 2,545 2.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,441 2,195 2,261 3.1 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.7 4.8
55 years and over........................... 171 238 326 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.7
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 2001.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,424 71,015 25,978 26,759 43,446 44,256
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,182 4,347 1,806 1,943 2,376 2,403
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,122 1,318 583 629 539 690
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 265 344 158 180 107 163
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 857 975 425 448 432 526
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,735 7,266 3,932 3,734 3,802 3,532
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.2 6.0 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,260 3,962 2,369 2,289 1,891 1,674
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,704 1,566 513 495 1,191 1,071
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 302 272 203 149 99 123
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,430 1,427 837 777 593 650
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 133,234 132,588 132,418 132,117 132,367 132,395 132,230 131,782 131,411 131,287
Total private.................... 112,298 111,280 110,969 110,718 111,753 111,390 111,249 110,784 110,402 110,215
Goods-producing......................... 25,612 24,990 24,695 24,367 25,688 24,963 24,888 24,746 24,577 24,444
Mining................................ 547 576 572 564 548 569 569 569 568 563
Metal mining........................ 40.3 34.9 34.4 33.2 41 35 35 35 34 33
Coal mining......................... 75.5 80.9 81.6 82.8 75 80 80 81 81 82
Oil and gas extraction.............. 321.8 343.9 340.8 338.1 320 342 342 340 340 336
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 109.1 116.3 115.3 109.5 112 112 112 113 113 112
Construction.......................... 6,676 7,061 6,936 6,742 6,791 6,861 6,871 6,852 6,849 6,854
General building contractors........ 1,534.7 1,589.2 1,570.1 1,545.1 1,543 1,557 1,562 1,560 1,560 1,555
Heavy construction, except building. 862.2 999.6 966.1 895.7 913 932 932 933 942 945
Special trade contractors........... 4,279.4 4,472.3 4,400.0 4,301.5 4,335 4,372 4,377 4,359 4,347 4,354
Manufacturing......................... 18,389 17,353 17,187 17,061 18,349 17,533 17,448 17,325 17,160 17,027
Production workers................ 12,498 11,658 11,529 11,416 12,466 11,782 11,706 11,626 11,497 11,393
Durable goods........................ 11,131 10,360 10,251 10,171 11,102 10,523 10,460 10,363 10,242 10,147
Production workers................ 7,543 6,899 6,822 6,753 7,517 7,022 6,970 6,897 6,805 6,735
Lumber and wood products............ 810.6 796.4 787.2 780.2 811 793 794 789 784 782
Furniture and fixtures.............. 557.5 504.7 498.0 497.2 555 519 513 505 499 496
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 573.7 570.6 563.6 553.3 577 568 567 566 562 557
Primary metal industries............ 689.6 632.0 619.4 615.2 686 643 638 633 618 612
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 221.4 206.3 203.1 200.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,541.1 1,455.7 1,438.3 1,432.8 1,536 1,468 1,464 1,454 1,434 1,427
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,123.2 1,933.8 1,911.8 1,896.3 2,119 1,980 1,965 1,943 1,917 1,893
Computer and office equipment..... 367.5 341.3 338.3 335.0 366 348 344 342 339 335
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,745.4 1,526.1 1,501.9 1,479.5 1,738 1,565 1,551 1,529 1,501 1,473
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 711.8 598.5 590.4 582.3 710 618 613 601 591 581
Transportation equipment............ 1,826.7 1,708.1 1,709.8 1,698.3 1,817 1,750 1,735 1,714 1,707 1,689
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 998.7 899.5 906.8 905.1 990 931 919 903 904 897
Aircraft and parts................ 466.1 463.1 458.5 450.2 464 465 465 463 457 448
Instruments and related products.... 866.8 847.4 841.4 840.0 867 858 851 849 844 841
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.5 384.7 379.9 377.9 396 379 382 381 376 377
Nondurable goods..................... 7,258 6,993 6,936 6,890 7,247 7,010 6,988 6,962 6,918 6,880
Production workers................ 4,955 4,759 4,707 4,663 4,949 4,760 4,736 4,729 4,692 4,658
Food and kindred products........... 1,678.5 1,714.6 1,698.0 1,682.6 1,682 1,674 1,682 1,689 1,692 1,685
Tobacco products.................... 34.6 33.8 34.0 34.1 32 35 33 33 33 32
Textile mill products............... 511.4 455.0 447.6 444.4 510 465 459 454 446 443
Apparel and other textile products.. 602.9 545.0 535.9 523.6 604 554 551 542 532 525
Paper and allied products........... 653.8 627.7 626.9 625.9 652 628 629 628 627 624
Printing and publishing............. 1,549.4 1,466.1 1,456.9 1,452.6 1,539 1,483 1,473 1,465 1,451 1,443
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,038.4 1,025.8 1,022.3 1,022.1 1,039 1,035 1,031 1,027 1,024 1,023
Petroleum and coal products......... 125.4 129.1 127.3 124.9 127 127 128 128 127 127
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 994.8 935.7 927.2 921.4 993 947 941 935 927 919
Leather and leather products........ 68.5 60.6 59.7 58.5 69 62 61 61 59 59
Service-producing....................... 107,622 107,598 107,723 107,750 106,679 107,432 107,342 107,036 106,834 106,843
Transportation and public utilities... 7,172 7,055 6,994 6,971 7,108 7,082 7,070 7,016 6,948 6,912
Transportation...................... 4,644 4,513 4,454 4,442 4,583 4,539 4,528 4,472 4,409 4,384
Railroad transportation........... 231.0 225.7 224.1 222.6 232 226 226 225 223 223
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 492.8 495.4 496.4 499.6 478 486 482 479 480 485
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,869.8 1,856.7 1,845.0 1,835.5 1,866 1,844 1,838 1,832 1,832 1,833
Water transportation.............. 194.3 209.6 201.3 199.0 200 203 205 206 204 205
Transportation by air............. 1,365.4 1,259.3 1,231.6 1,235.8 1,316 1,303 1,300 1,264 1,215 1,189
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 14.1 14.2 14.2 14 14 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 477.4 452.5 440.9 435.6 477 463 463 452 441 435
Communications and public utilities. 2,528 2,542 2,540 2,529 2,525 2,543 2,542 2,544 2,539 2,528
Communications.................... 1,680.8 1,694.3 1,691.8 1,685.5 1,678 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,690 1,684
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 846.9 847.2 848.1 843.5 847 848 847 849 849 844
Wholesale trade....................... 7,081 6,985 6,956 6,947 7,068 7,010 6,988 6,971 6,944 6,934
Durable goods....................... 4,208 4,112 4,089 4,089 4,202 4,134 4,123 4,114 4,089 4,085
Nondurable goods.................... 2,873 2,873 2,867 2,858 2,866 2,876 2,865 2,857 2,855 2,849
Retail trade.......................... 24,098 23,407 23,770 23,996 23,406 23,583 23,536 23,422 23,410 23,333
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 994.7 1,008.2 1,000.7 998.0 1,010 1,014 1,013 1,012 1,009 1,012
General merchandise stores.......... 3,140.5 2,791.1 2,976.6 3,037.7 2,822 2,800 2,793 2,764 2,764 2,736
Department stores................. 2,752.7 2,446.6 2,611.2 2,660.0 2,480 2,449 2,450 2,422 2,405 2,397
Food stores......................... 3,593.7 3,542.0 3,571.3 3,591.7 3,532 3,531 3,538 3,542 3,537 3,531
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,413.4 2,437.3 2,427.4 2,422.5 2,425 2,441 2,435 2,429 2,429 2,434
New and used car dealers.......... 1,119.3 1,137.3 1,137.9 1,137.2 1,123 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,137 1,141
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,320.4 1,204.3 1,257.0 1,298.3 1,214 1,224 1,224 1,208 1,199 1,194
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,195.8 1,136.0 1,163.9 1,191.5 1,148 1,137 1,138 1,136 1,137 1,143
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,118.5 8,126.3 8,128.2 8,151.0 8,149 8,280 8,242 8,187 8,202 8,189
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,320.5 3,161.7 3,244.8 3,305.4 3,106 3,156 3,153 3,144 3,133 3,094
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,565 7,608 7,615 7,618 7,582 7,623 7,633 7,634 7,637 7,634
Finance............................. 3,737 3,747 3,766 3,779 3,735 3,758 3,758 3,761 3,771 3,776
Depository institutions........... 2,025.8 2,032.8 2,040.7 2,048.6 2,025 2,037 2,039 2,041 2,045 2,047
Commercial banks................ 1,421.7 1,421.0 1,425.7 1,431.3 1,420 1,423 1,423 1,427 1,428 1,429
Savings institutions............ 252.8 255.9 258.9 260.2 253 255 256 257 259 260
Nondepository institutions........ 677.7 708.5 716.8 728.4 677 709 706 712 717 728
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 300.1 324.9 332.5 341.9 300 324 323 326 333 342
Security and commodity brokers.... 774.7 748.1 749.5 743.7 774 755 755 750 751 744
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 259.2 258.0 258.6 257.9 259 257 258 258 258 257
Insurance........................... 2,341 2,354 2,353 2,354 2,339 2,357 2,362 2,361 2,356 2,353
Insurance carriers................ 1,582.8 1,595.9 1,594.2 1,595.2 1,582 1,598 1,601 1,602 1,597 1,595
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 758.0 758.2 758.9 759.1 757 759 761 759 759 758
Real estate......................... 1,487 1,507 1,496 1,485 1,508 1,508 1,513 1,512 1,510 1,505
Services2............................. 40,770 41,235 40,939 40,819 40,901 41,129 41,134 40,995 40,886 40,958
Agricultural services............... 750.8 868.5 837.5 773.2 813 837 838 841 838 838
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,862.1 1,858.3 1,779.6 1,766.3 1,946 1,912 1,913 1,862 1,852 1,845
Personal services................... 1,250.5 1,247.1 1,243.0 1,271.2 1,265 1,284 1,284 1,281 1,272 1,286
Business services................... 9,983.1 9,650.2 9,508.2 9,424.3 9,893 9,588 9,581 9,467 9,363 9,344
Services to buildings............. 995.8 994.2 992.5 989.0 1,002 997 997 995 996 995
Personnel supply services......... 3,894.9 3,553.5 3,405.5 3,300.9 3,816 3,521 3,488 3,378 3,285 3,228
Help supply services............ 3,475.2 3,164.2 3,030.8 2,923.5 3,404 3,113 3,106 3,005 2,914 2,859
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,168.1 2,189.0 2,183.8 2,196.9 2,164 2,194 2,200 2,201 2,188 2,194
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,273.5 1,297.0 1,296.9 1,295.3 1,278 1,307 1,306 1,298 1,305 1,302
Miscellaneous repair services....... 364.3 363.5 360.6 358.4 365 362 363 362 360 359
Motion pictures..................... 600.2 566.5 574.5 582.6 597 589 586 582 583 581
Amusement and recreation services... 1,575.2 1,722.4 1,587.2 1,584.5 1,759 1,777 1,766 1,781 1,752 1,770
Health services..................... 10197.0 10430.0 10467.4 10501.2 10,184 10,384 10,408 10,431 10,457 10,488
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,952.6 1,991.0 1,999.5 2,008.1 1,948 1,990 1,992 1,993 2,000 2,004
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,805.0 1,834.8 1,840.5 1,842.3 1,803 1,825 1,830 1,834 1,837 1,840
Hospitals......................... 4,027.1 4,136.1 4,150.5 4,164.2 4,025 4,114 4,124 4,135 4,149 4,161
Home health care services......... 643.9 656.6 660.9 663.9 642 653 655 655 656 662
Legal services...................... 1,015.8 1,026.0 1,030.2 1,033.4 1,015 1,028 1,030 1,030 1,031 1,033
Educational services................ 2,483.0 2,600.7 2,636.2 2,598.1 2,357 2,452 2,446 2,436 2,441 2,469
Social services..................... 2,985.6 3,102.2 3,112.6 3,120.4 2,972 3,076 3,085 3,096 3,098 3,106
Child day care services........... 743.4 769.4 771.5 769.7 729 765 756 757 755 755
Residential care.................. 824.0 852.2 853.1 853.3 823 848 851 854 855 853
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 105.6 112.1 107.7 107.3 108 111 112 112 110 110
Membership organizations............ 2,475.3 2,491.1 2,491.2 2,496.7 2,487 2,503 2,509 2,505 2,506 2,507
Engineering and management services. 3,476.0 3,526.4 3,533.0 3,534.7 3,490 3,544 3,533 3,538 3,544 3,548
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,035.8 1,068.9 1,061.9 1,060.7 1,040 1,067 1,067 1,069 1,064 1,065
Management and public relations... 1,117.2 1,124.2 1,129.6 1,130.3 1,116 1,123 1,122 1,124 1,128 1,130
Services, nec....................... 50.3 51.1 51.4 50.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,936 21,308 21,449 21,399 20,614 21,005 20,981 20,998 21,009 21,072
Federal............................. 2,601 2,612 2,607 2,599 2,613 2,622 2,627 2,625 2,606 2,614
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,737.9 1,769.8 1,762.5 1,758.5 1,754 1,774 1,776 1,779 1,776 1,776
State............................... 4,900 5,051 5,070 5,035 4,809 4,913 4,931 4,919 4,922 4,941
Education......................... 2,154.2 2,246.5 2,278.1 2,244.9 2,037 2,122 2,129 2,107 2,112 2,124
Other State government............ 2,745.8 2,804.5 2,791.8 2,789.8 2,772 2,791 2,802 2,812 2,810 2,817
Local............................... 13,435 13,645 13,772 13,765 13,192 13,470 13,423 13,454 13,481 13,517
Education......................... 7,795.9 7,862.9 7,996.0 7,996.3 7,457 7,650 7,595 7,607 7,633 7,650
Other local government............ 5,639.5 5,782.4 5,776.3 5,768.6 5,735 5,820 5,828 5,847 5,848 5,867
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.2 34.0 34.0 34.4 34.2 34.0 34.1 34.0 34.1 34.2
Goods-producing......................... 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.4 40.1 40.3 40.2 40.0 40.0 40.1
Mining................................ 42.6 43.7 43.1 43.3 42.5 43.4 43.5 43.1 43.3 43.3
Construction.......................... 38.1 39.5 38.9 38.2 38.7 39.2 39.1 38.7 39.2 38.7
Manufacturing......................... 41.4 40.7 40.7 41.3 40.6 40.7 40.6 40.5 40.3 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9
Durable goods........................ 41.7 40.9 40.8 41.6 41.0 41.1 40.9 40.7 40.4 40.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8
Lumber and wood products............ 40.1 40.9 40.7 40.9 40.2 40.9 41.1 40.6 40.6 41.0
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.9 38.6 38.8 40.4 38.8 39.7 38.8 38.3 38.5 39.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.4 44.4 44.1 43.0 42.3 43.9 44.0 43.9 43.8 43.0
Primary metal industries............ 44.2 43.1 43.0 44.4 43.5 43.7 43.7 43.2 42.4 43.8
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.8 43.8 43.6 44.4 44.7 44.6 45.5 44.0 43.2 44.4
Fabricated metal products........... 42.3 41.2 41.2 41.9 41.3 41.5 41.2 41.0 40.7 41.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.9 40.3 40.3 41.1 41.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.0 40.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.3 39.3 39.3 40.3 40.3 39.1 39.1 39.0 38.8 39.4
Transportation equipment............ 42.5 41.7 41.7 42.7 41.5 42.8 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.7
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.8 42.4 42.6 43.9 41.5 44.6 42.3 41.9 42.1 42.9
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 40.6 40.7 41.2 40.7 40.4 41.1 40.7 40.4 40.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.6 37.7 37.3 38.5 38.1 38.2 37.6 37.5 37.1 38.1
Nondurable goods..................... 40.8 40.4 40.4 41.0 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.2 40.0 40.4
Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1
Food and kindred products........... 41.6 41.7 41.4 41.7 40.9 41.1 41.0 41.1 40.7 41.0
Tobacco products.................... 41.0 40.6 40.3 41.1 40.3 39.9 40.0 40.2 39.8 40.4
Textile mill products............... 41.0 39.7 39.7 40.5 40.5 39.8 39.8 39.7 39.4 40.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.7 36.7 37.0 37.7 37.2 36.9 36.9 36.8 36.9 37.3
Paper and allied products........... 42.5 41.8 41.9 42.3 41.7 41.2 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.5
Printing and publishing............. 38.5 38.2 38.4 38.8 37.9 38.0 38.1 38.0 37.8 38.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.7 42.3 42.4 42.7 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.1 42.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 42.7 41.9 41.7 41.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.2 40.7 40.9 42.1 40.4 40.5 40.8 40.5 40.7 41.3
Leather and leather products........ 36.9 36.2 36.8 38.2 36.8 36.4 36.3 36.0 36.4 38.1
Service-producing....................... 32.7 32.5 32.5 33.0 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.6 37.8 37.7 38.3 38.7 37.8 37.6 37.8 37.8 38.0
Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.4
Retail trade.......................... 28.9 28.5 28.5 29.2 28.7 28.6 28.7 28.7 28.8 28.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 35.8 36.1 36.8 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.0 36.3 36.2
Services.............................. 32.6 32.4 32.5 32.9 32.6 32.5 32.6 32.5 32.6 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $14.04 $14.50 $14.56 $14.65 $480.17 $493.00 $495.04 $503.96
Seasonally adjusted............. 14.03 14.47 14.54 14.61 479.83 491.98 495.81 499.66
Goods-producing......................... 15.69 16.14 16.17 16.27 635.45 652.06 650.03 657.31
Mining................................ 17.54 17.70 17.73 17.69 747.20 773.49 764.16 765.98
Construction.......................... 18.23 18.55 18.52 18.72 694.56 732.73 720.43 715.10
Manufacturing......................... 14.67 14.97 15.07 15.20 607.34 609.28 613.35 627.76
Durable goods........................ 15.11 15.45 15.54 15.69 630.09 631.91 634.03 652.70
Lumber and wood products............ 12.12 12.34 12.41 12.40 486.01 504.71 505.09 507.16
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.93 12.39 12.38 12.63 476.01 478.25 480.34 510.25
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.72 15.20 15.15 15.19 624.13 674.88 668.12 653.17
Primary metal industries............ 16.65 17.12 17.32 17.40 735.93 737.87 744.76 772.56
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.88 20.55 20.85 20.96 890.62 900.09 909.06 930.62
Fabricated metal products........... 14.09 14.33 14.42 14.63 596.01 590.40 594.10 613.00
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.81 16.09 16.14 16.26 662.44 648.43 650.44 668.29
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 14.17 14.78 14.86 15.08 585.22 580.85 584.00 607.72
Transportation equipment............ 19.00 19.37 19.51 19.66 807.50 807.73 813.57 839.48
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.31 19.82 19.96 20.15 826.47 840.37 850.30 884.59
Instruments and related products.... 14.80 15.00 15.06 15.25 612.72 609.00 612.94 628.30
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.94 12.27 12.47 12.61 460.88 462.58 465.13 485.49
Nondurable goods..................... 13.97 14.28 14.37 14.47 569.98 576.91 580.55 593.27
Food and kindred products........... 12.71 12.91 13.11 13.20 528.74 538.35 542.75 550.44
Tobacco products.................... 21.76 21.71 22.36 22.31 892.16 881.43 901.11 916.94
Textile mill products............... 11.27 11.34 11.44 11.62 462.07 450.20 454.17 470.61
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.37 9.49 9.59 9.66 353.25 348.28 354.83 364.18
Paper and allied products........... 16.61 17.11 17.16 17.25 705.93 715.20 719.00 729.68
Printing and publishing............. 14.66 14.96 14.93 14.98 564.41 571.47 573.31 581.22
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.47 18.70 18.74 18.96 788.67 791.01 794.58 809.59
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.31 22.36 22.37 22.10 952.64 936.88 932.83 923.78
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.20 13.48 13.53 13.57 543.84 548.64 553.38 571.30
Leather and leather products........ 10.37 10.21 10.09 10.22 382.65 369.60 371.31 390.40
Service-producing....................... 13.55 14.01 14.08 14.19 443.09 455.33 457.60 468.27
Transportation and public utilities... 16.53 17.09 17.19 17.20 638.06 646.00 648.06 658.76
Wholesale trade....................... 15.58 15.85 15.91 16.17 596.71 603.89 609.35 625.78
Retail trade.......................... 9.65 9.93 9.97 9.99 278.89 283.01 284.15 291.71
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.32 15.96 16.04 16.18 553.05 571.37 579.04 595.42
Services.............................. 14.33 14.80 14.92 15.12 467.16 479.52 484.90 497.45
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
Nov. 2001-
Dec. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $14.03 $14.40 $14.45 $14.47 $14.54 $14.61 0.5
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.94 8.03 8.02 8.06 8.11 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.65 16.01 16.04 16.05 16.15 16.23 .5
Mining...................... 17.43 17.69 17.67 17.73 17.79 17.59 -1.1
Construction................ 18.17 18.35 18.36 18.38 18.47 18.65 1.0
Manufacturing............... 14.58 14.93 14.96 14.97 15.05 15.11 .4
Excluding overtime4....... 13.88 14.24 14.28 14.31 14.38 14.40 .1
Service-producing............. 13.53 13.93 13.98 14.01 14.07 14.14 .5
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.50 16.95 17.02 17.09 17.19 17.17 -.1
Wholesale trade............. 15.55 15.81 15.95 15.89 15.91 16.05 .9
Retail trade................ 9.65 9.87 9.87 9.91 9.97 9.99 .2
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.35 15.99 16.01 16.05 16.07 16.13 .4
Services.................... 14.23 14.71 14.76 14.81 14.87 14.97 .7
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .6 percent from October 2001 to November 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 152.3 149.7 149.1 150.6 151.2 150.1 149.9 148.9 148.7 148.7
Goods-producing......................... 114.0 110.8 108.6 107.3 113.5 110.3 109.5 108.3 107.5 107.1
Mining................................ 51.5 56.5 55.4 54.4 51.4 55.3 55.1 54.8 55.1 54.2
Construction.......................... 177.7 196.4 188.9 178.7 184.2 188.5 188.0 185.5 187.8 185.4
Manufacturing......................... 104.2 95.6 94.6 95.2 102.2 96.8 95.9 94.9 93.3 93.4
Durable goods........................ 109.8 98.3 97.2 98.0 107.5 100.8 99.4 97.9 96.0 96.0
Lumber and wood products............ 139.0 138.6 136.4 135.6 139.6 138.0 138.6 136.1 135.5 136.6
Furniture and fixtures.............. 139.0 120.3 119.0 123.9 134.5 127.6 123.2 119.5 118.3 120.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 114.9 119.8 117.1 111.4 115.8 117.0 117.8 117.0 115.7 112.6
Primary metal industries............ 90.3 79.7 77.5 79.6 88.4 82.3 81.7 79.9 76.2 78.2
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 69.6 62.5 61.0 61.6 69.0 64.1 65.3 63.2 60.5 61.0
Fabricated metal products........... 121.7 110.5 109.2 110.7 118.2 112.6 111.1 109.7 107.2 107.6
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 101.5 86.7 85.7 86.4 99.4 88.9 88.2 87.5 85.4 84.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 110.3 88.4 87.0 87.4 106.9 90.9 89.6 87.9 85.7 85.1
Transportation equipment............ 118.3 106.4 106.9 108.2 114.6 112.6 108.0 105.9 105.3 104.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 155.6 136.7 138.8 142.1 148.8 149.6 139.9 135.3 136.3 137.1
Instruments and related products.... 76.3 71.1 70.8 71.9 75.2 72.4 72.9 71.9 70.6 70.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 98.6 91.3 89.0 91.0 97.2 90.6 90.2 89.6 87.3 90.0
Nondurable goods..................... 96.6 91.8 91.0 91.3 94.9 91.3 91.0 90.8 89.7 89.9
Food and kindred products........... 116.3 119.3 116.8 116.0 114.7 114.5 113.7 115.5 114.1 114.4
Tobacco products.................... 51.6 50.4 50.3 51.3 45.9 51.4 47.5 47.8 47.3 46.0
Textile mill products............... 72.7 63.0 61.8 62.0 71.7 64.7 63.7 62.8 61.2 61.2
Apparel and other textile products.. 51.8 45.0 44.5 44.3 51.3 45.9 45.7 44.9 44.2 44.0
Paper and allied products........... 102.7 97.4 97.4 98.1 100.4 95.8 96.7 96.5 96.2 95.9
Printing and publishing............. 121.2 112.9 112.9 113.8 118.2 113.7 113.4 112.5 110.6 111.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 100.0 96.6 96.6 96.9 98.6 97.0 96.9 96.8 95.8 95.6
Petroleum and coal products......... 68.5 72.7 71.3 70.6 69.3 73.3 73.4 71.6 71.5 72.0
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 144.5 133.4 132.4 135.6 141.4 134.3 134.5 132.6 131.8 132.8
Leather and leather products........ 29.1 25.1 25.2 25.2 29.4 26.3 25.7 24.9 24.6 25.2
Service-producing....................... 169.5 167.2 167.3 170.1 168.2 168.0 168.1 167.1 167.2 167.4
Transportation and public utilities... 141.9 137.2 135.6 137.1 140.6 137.8 136.7 136.3 134.8 134.6
Wholesale trade....................... 132.6 130.0 130.1 131.4 132.2 131.0 130.6 129.7 129.7 130.1
Retail trade.......................... 151.1 144.1 146.3 151.4 145.5 145.6 145.7 144.8 145.2 145.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.0 137.9 139.0 141.9 139.0 139.6 140.0 139.3 140.6 140.0
Services.............................. 210.3 211.9 210.7 212.5 211.4 212.0 212.4 211.1 211.1 211.8
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 43.9 44.1 38.7 p38.1 p42.1
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.9 38.8 p35.7 p32.9
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 44.1 38.5 37.1 p35.7 p33.6
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7
2001.............. 49.6 47.7 45.0 43.1 p40.2 p38.7
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 27.6 36.0 29.4 p26.5 p30.1
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 21.0 19.9 19.9 p21.0 p17.3
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 20.2 15.1 13.2 p14.3 p10.7
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0
2001.............. 19.1 16.5 14.7 16.2 p14.7 p11.8
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: February 01, 2002
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_dec2001.htm
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