Technical information: USDL 00-63
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, March 3, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 2000
The unemployment rate was little changed in February at 4.1 percent, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
Payroll employment edged up by 43,000 following a large increase in January
(384,000). Average hourly earnings increased by 4 cents over the month and
by 3.6 percent over the year.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (5.8 million) and the unemployment
rate (4.1 percent) were about unchanged in February. The jobless rate has
been below 4.2 percent for 5 consecutive months. Among the major worker
groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers increased to 14.1 percent in
February, about the same level as in December. Unemployment rates for
adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.5 percent), whites (3.6 percent),
blacks (7.8 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent) were little changed over
the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons in the civilian labor force was about unchanged
at 141.2 million in February, following a substantial rise in January. The
labor force participation rate was 67.6 percent, a record high. Total
employment was about unchanged in February, at 135.4 million (seasonally
adjusted). The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the
population age 16 and older with jobs--remained at a record high 64.8
percent. (See table A-1.)
About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in February. These multiple jobholders represented 5.8 percent of the
total employed, down from 6.1 percent in February 1999. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in
February totaled 1.3 million (not seasonally adjusted). These people
wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the
prior 12 months. They are not counted as unemployed because they had not
actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number
of discouraged workers was 262,000 in February, about the same as a year
earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were
not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Jan.-
Category | 1999 | 1999 | 2000 1/ | Feb.
|_________________|________|_________________|change
| III | IV | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 139,394| 139,880| 140,108| 140,910| 141,165| 255
Employment..........| 133,526| 134,153| 134,420| 135,221| 135,362| 141
Unemployment........| 5,868| 5,727| 5,688| 5,689| 5,804| 115
Not in labor force....| 68,650| 68,780| 68,724| 67,872| 67,742| -130
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.2| 4.1| 4.1| 4.0| 4.1| 0.1
Adult men...........| 3.5| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.4| .1
Adult women.........| 3.8| 3.6| 3.6| 3.7| 3.5| -.2
Teenagers...........| 13.8| 13.8| 13.8| 12.6| 14.1| 1.5
White...............| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| 3.6| .2
Black...............| 8.2| 8.1| 7.9| 8.2| 7.8| -.4
Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 6.1| 5.9| 5.6| 5.7| .1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 128,936| 129,606| 129,898|p130,282|p130,325| p43
Goods-producing 2/..| 25,194| 25,246| 25,283| p25,419| p25,400| p-19
Construction......| 6,270| 6,359| 6,393| p6,509| p6,483| p-26
Manufacturing.....| 18,398| 18,359| 18,361| p18,382| p18,387| p5
Service-producing 2/| 103,743| 104,360| 104,615|p104,863|p104,925| p62
Retail trade......| 22,884| 22,922| 22,973| p23,008| p23,041| p33
Services..........| 39,172| 39,548| 39,657| p39,799| p39,805| p6
Government........| 20,194| 20,274| 20,315| p20,368| p20,381| p13
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| 34.5| 34.5| p34.6| p34.5| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.8| 41.7| 41.6| p41.7| p41.9| p.2
Overtime..........| 4.7| 4.6| 4.6| p4.6| p4.8| p.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 148.3| 149.1| 149.4| p150.5| p149.9| p-0.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 3/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.31| $13.41| $13.44| p$13.49| p$13.53| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 458.64| 462.65| 463.68| p466.75| p466.79| p.04
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Beginning in January 2000, household data reflect revised popula-
tion controls used in the Current Population Survey.
2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment, 130.3 million, was up slightly in February,
after seasonal adjustment. This followed a large increase in January that
was due in part to unseasonably mild winter weather across most of the
country during the survey reference period. The average job gain for the
first 2 months of this year was 214,000, about in line with the average
monthly increase for 1999. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment was down by
26,000 in February following a substantial gain (116,000) in January. It
is likely that unusually warm weather in the January survey reference
period allowed employers to delay some winter layoffs. The largest
employment declines in February occurred in the same weather-sensitive
industries that had registered large increases in January--heavy
construction and the concrete, masonry, and roofing trades.
Manufacturing employment was up by 5,000 in February and has increased
by 31,000 since October. Factory employment had declined by 527,000 from
March 1998 through October 1999. In February, the largest manufacturing
employment gains were in electrical equipment (8,000), motor vehicles
(6,000), and industrial machinery (6,000). In contrast, food products lost
10,000 jobs.
In mining, employment continued to edge up in oil and gas extraction.
Since August, the oil and gas industry has added 9,000 jobs.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
was uncharacteristically flat in February, following a rise of 142,000 in
January. In 1999, monthly job gains in services averaged 121,000.
Employment in business services was essentially unchanged over the month;
the average monthly job gain in the industry in 1999 was 47,000. Health
services added 6,000 jobs in February, only about half its average growth.
Employment declined in agricultural services and amusement and recreation
services--weather-sensitive industries that had large seasonally adjusted
job gains in January. In contrast, strong job growth continued in
engineering and management services.
Over the month, job growth in retail trade (33,000) was about in line
with its average for the prior 12 months. The largest employment gains in
the industry were in department stores, where seasonal layoffs in February
were smaller than usual, and in furniture stores. Wholesale trade
employment edged up by 8,000 over the month, about half its average monthly
gain.
Finance, insurance, and real estate added 10,000 jobs in February,
reversing a loss of 6,000 jobs in January. Within finance, the only
industry to add jobs in February was security and commodity brokerages (up
7,000), continuing its strong growth trend.
Employment in transportation and public utilities changed little for
the second consecutive month. In transportation, job losses occurred in
trucking and air transportation. Employment in public utilities declined,
but communications continued to add jobs.
Within the federal government, an additional 20,000 temporary workers
were hired in February for the decennial census.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in February to 34.5 hours,
seasonally adjusted. In manufacturing, both the average workweek and
overtime hours rose by 0.2 hour to 41.9 hours and 4.8 hours, respectively.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.4 percent to 149.9
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index increased 0.4
percent to 106.7. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents in February to $13.53, seasonally
adjusted. This followed a gain of 5 cents (as revised) in January. Over
the month, average weekly earnings were essentially unchanged at $466.79,
seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.6
percent, and average weekly earnings increased by 3.3 percent.
(See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for March 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, April 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| March 1999 National Benchmarks |
| |
| In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release nonfarm |
|payroll employment benchmark revisions with the May data on June 2,|
|2000. The March 1999 benchmark level has been finalized and will |
|result in an upward revision of 258,000 to total nonfarm employment|
|for the March 1999 reference month, an adjustment of 0.2 percent. |
| |
| Also concurrent with the release of March 1999 benchmark |
|revisions on June 2, BLS will begin implementation of a new proba- |
|bility-based sample design for the payroll survey. Estimates |
|for the wholesale trade major industry division only will incorpo- |
|rate the new sample design with this release. Further information |
|is available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or |
|by calling (202) 691-6555. |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999,
the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 8 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 206,873 208,782 208,907 206,873 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907
Civilian labor force............................ 138,202 139,621 140,185 139,137 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165
Participation rate........................ 66.8 66.9 67.1 67.3 67.0 67.0 67.1 67.5 67.6
Employed...................................... 131,639 133,357 133,954 133,029 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
Employment-population ratio............... 63.6 63.9 64.1 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.8 64.8
Agriculture................................. 2,894 2,959 2,973 3,328 3,238 3,310 3,279 3,371 3,408
Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,744 130,398 130,981 129,701 130,702 130,788 131,141 131,850 131,954
Unemployed.................................... 6,563 6,264 6,231 6,108 5,757 5,736 5,688 5,689 5,804
Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1
Not in labor force.............................. 68,671 69,161 68,723 67,736 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67,742
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,703 4,354 4,431 4,630 4,331 4,429 4,467 4,252 4,374
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,279 100,266 100,330 99,279 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266 100,330
Civilian labor force............................ 73,718 74,414 74,808 74,462 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304 75,594
Participation rate........................ 74.3 74.2 74.6 75.0 74.6 74.6 74.7 75.1 75.3
Employed...................................... 70,084 70,981 71,311 71,230 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473
Employment-population ratio............... 70.6 70.8 71.1 71.7 71.6 71.6 71.7 72.2 72.2
Unemployed.................................... 3,634 3,433 3,497 3,232 3,057 2,996 3,003 2,946 3,121
Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,189 92,057 92,092 91,189 91,896 91,986 92,052 92,057 92,092
Civilian labor force............................ 69,746 70,394 70,704 70,111 70,339 70,388 70,529 70,917 71,120
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.5 76.8 76.9 76.5 76.5 76.6 77.0 77.2
Employed...................................... 66,730 67,607 67,869 67,527 67,898 68,037 68,197 68,585 68,691
Employment-population ratio............... 73.2 73.4 73.7 74.1 73.9 74.0 74.1 74.5 74.6
Agriculture................................. 1,953 2,054 2,018 2,231 2,206 2,262 2,227 2,303 2,309
Nonagricultural industries.................. 64,777 65,553 65,851 65,296 65,692 65,775 65,970 66,282 66,382
Unemployed.................................... 3,016 2,787 2,835 2,584 2,441 2,351 2,332 2,332 2,429
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,593 108,516 108,577 107,593 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516 108,577
Civilian labor force............................ 64,484 65,208 65,377 64,675 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572
Participation rate........................ 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.5 60.4
Employed...................................... 61,555 62,376 62,642 61,799 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889
Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.5 57.7 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.9 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 2,929 2,832 2,734 2,876 2,700 2,740 2,685 2,743 2,683
Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,746 100,579 100,666 99,746 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579 100,666
Civilian labor force............................ 60,608 61,455 61,576 60,591 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575
Participation rate........................ 60.8 61.1 61.2 60.7 60.7 60.7 60.7 61.2 61.2
Employed...................................... 58,210 59,030 59,331 58,261 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280 59,398
Employment-population ratio............... 58.4 58.7 58.9 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.9 59.0
Agriculture................................. 757 752 804 822 800 768 791 826 871
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,452 58,278 58,526 57,439 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454 58,526
Unemployed.................................... 2,398 2,425 2,245 2,330 2,155 2,214 2,196 2,297 2,178
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,939 16,147 16,149 15,939 16,129 16,107 16,114 16,147 16,149
Civilian labor force............................ 7,849 7,772 7,905 8,435 8,403 8,394 8,425 8,416 8,470
Participation rate........................ 49.2 48.1 48.9 52.9 52.1 52.1 52.3 52.1 52.4
Employed...................................... 6,699 6,720 6,754 7,241 7,242 7,223 7,265 7,356 7,273
Employment-population ratio............... 42.0 41.6 41.8 45.4 44.9 44.8 45.1 45.6 45.0
Agriculture................................. 184 153 151 275 232 280 261 242 228
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,515 6,566 6,604 6,966 7,010 6,943 7,004 7,114 7,046
Unemployed.................................... 1,150 1,052 1,151 1,194 1,161 1,171 1,160 1,060 1,197
Unemployment rate......................... 14.6 13.5 14.6 14.2 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6 14.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,491 173,812 173,886 172,491 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886
Civilian labor force............................ 115,821 116,756 117,154 116,455 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716 117,821
Participation rate.......................... 67.1 67.2 67.4 67.5 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.7 67.8
Employed...................................... 110,949 112,160 112,576 112,017 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634
Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 64.5 64.7 64.9 64.8 64.8 65.0 65.4 65.3
Unemployed.................................... 4,873 4,596 4,578 4,438 4,106 4,092 4,057 4,011 4,187
Unemployment rate........................... 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,443 59,795 60,043 59,731 59,777 59,761 59,889 60,179 60,387
Participation rate.......................... 77.0 76.8 77.1 77.4 77.0 76.9 77.0 77.3 77.6
Employed...................................... 57,078 57,726 57,927 57,769 58,043 58,067 58,221 58,487 58,631
Employment-population ratio................. 74.0 74.2 74.4 74.9 74.7 74.7 74.8 75.2 75.3
Unemployed.................................... 2,365 2,069 2,116 1,962 1,734 1,694 1,668 1,693 1,756
Unemployment rate........................... 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,721 50,327 50,418 49,655 49,733 49,814 50,011 50,404 50,335
Participation rate.......................... 60.1 60.4 60.5 60.0 59.8 59.9 60.1 60.5 60.4
Employed...................................... 48,061 48,613 48,840 48,030 48,203 48,273 48,486 48,857 48,792
Employment-population ratio................. 58.1 58.4 58.6 58.1 58.0 58.0 58.2 58.7 58.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,660 1,714 1,578 1,625 1,530 1,541 1,525 1,547 1,544
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,657 6,634 6,693 7,069 7,144 7,128 7,108 7,132 7,099
Participation rate.......................... 52.7 52.1 52.6 55.9 56.1 56.0 55.8 56.0 55.8
Employed...................................... 5,809 5,820 5,808 6,218 6,302 6,271 6,244 6,360 6,211
Employment-population ratio................. 46.0 45.7 45.6 49.2 49.5 49.2 49.0 50.0 48.8
Unemployed.................................... 848 814 885 851 842 857 864 772 888
Unemployment rate........................... 12.7 12.3 13.2 12.0 11.8 12.0 12.2 10.8 12.5
Men....................................... 13.6 14.7 15.5 12.6 11.9 12.8 13.3 12.4 14.4
Women..................................... 11.8 9.7 10.7 11.4 11.7 11.2 10.9 9.1 10.4
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,697 25,047 25,076 24,697 24,985 25,019 25,051 25,047 25,076
Civilian labor force............................ 16,004 16,392 16,542 16,250 16,489 16,508 16,513 16,622 16,785
Participation rate.......................... 64.8 65.4 66.0 65.8 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.4 66.9
Employed...................................... 14,622 15,033 15,164 14,924 15,124 15,187 15,204 15,254 15,471
Employment-population ratio................. 59.2 60.0 60.5 60.4 60.5 60.7 60.7 60.9 61.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,381 1,359 1,378 1,326 1,365 1,321 1,309 1,368 1,314
Unemployment rate........................... 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.9 8.2 7.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,050 7,285 7,355 7,137 7,281 7,277 7,273 7,386 7,441
Participation rate.......................... 71.5 72.7 73.3 72.4 72.9 72.8 72.6 73.7 74.2
Employed...................................... 6,529 6,688 6,771 6,662 6,717 6,767 6,766 6,839 6,910
Employment-population ratio................. 66.3 66.7 67.5 67.6 67.3 67.7 67.5 68.2 68.9
Unemployed.................................... 521 597 584 475 564 510 507 547 532
Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 8.2 7.9 6.7 7.7 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,057 8,286 8,289 8,112 8,252 8,305 8,260 8,315 8,344
Participation rate.......................... 65.1 66.0 66.0 65.6 65.9 66.3 65.8 66.3 66.4
Employed...................................... 7,457 7,707 7,719 7,542 7,745 7,757 7,706 7,715 7,805
Employment-population ratio................. 60.3 61.4 61.4 61.0 61.9 61.9 61.4 61.5 62.1
Unemployed.................................... 600 578 570 570 507 548 554 600 539
Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.1 6.6 6.7 7.2 6.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 897 822 898 1,001 956 926 980 921 999
Participation rate.......................... 36.3 33.2 36.3 40.5 38.5 37.3 39.5 37.2 40.4
Employed...................................... 637 638 673 720 662 663 732 701 756
Employment-population ratio................. 25.8 25.7 27.2 29.1 26.7 26.7 29.5 28.3 30.6
Unemployed.................................... 261 184 225 281 294 263 248 220 243
Unemployment rate........................... 29.0 22.4 25.0 28.1 30.8 28.4 25.3 23.9 24.3
Men....................................... 31.8 25.5 21.9 31.2 35.3 31.0 27.5 24.0 22.3
Women..................................... 26.5 19.3 28.3 25.0 26.1 25.9 23.0 23.8 26.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,355 22,047 22,108 21,355 21,881 21,947 22,008 22,047 22,108
Civilian labor force............................ 14,466 15,142 15,187 14,520 14,809 14,887 14,984 15,251 15,249
Participation rate.......................... 67.7 68.7 68.7 68.0 67.7 67.8 68.1 69.2 69.0
Employed...................................... 13,420 14,208 14,267 13,536 13,879 13,979 14,095 14,395 14,382
Employment-population ratio................. 62.8 64.4 64.5 63.4 63.4 63.7 64.0 65.3 65.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,046 934 921 984 930 908 889 856 868
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 6.2 6.1 6.8 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,112 27,995 27,376 28,112 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995 27,376
Civilian labor force.................... 11,917 12,013 11,638 12,218 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895 11,971
Percent of population............... 42.4 42.9 42.5 43.5 43.2 43.0 42.5 42.5 43.7
Employed.............................. 10,897 11,061 10,829 11,317 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106 11,257
Employment-population ratio......... 38.8 39.5 39.6 40.3 40.4 40.2 39.9 39.7 41.1
Unemployed............................ 1,020 951 809 901 800 785 713 789 714
Unemployment rate................... 8.6 7.9 7.0 7.4 6.6 6.5 6.0 6.6 6.0
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,062 57,768 57,471 57,062 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768 57,471
Civilian labor force.................... 37,063 37,676 37,403 37,274 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617 37,603
Percent of population............... 65.0 65.2 65.1 65.3 64.7 65.2 64.9 65.1 65.4
Employed.............................. 35,583 36,160 35,932 35,962 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305 36,294
Employment-population ratio......... 62.4 62.6 62.5 63.0 62.6 63.1 62.6 62.8 63.2
Unemployed............................ 1,479 1,516 1,471 1,312 1,206 1,226 1,291 1,311 1,309
Unemployment rate................... 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,911 43,689 44,486 43,911 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689 44,486
Civilian labor force.................... 32,601 32,106 32,946 32,227 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397 32,544
Percent of population............... 74.2 73.5 74.1 73.4 73.5 73.3 73.5 74.2 73.2
Employed.............................. 31,525 31,185 31,911 31,238 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564 31,595
Employment-population ratio......... 71.8 71.4 71.7 71.1 71.6 71.3 71.7 72.2 71.0
Unemployed............................ 1,077 921 1,036 989 873 868 818 833 949
Unemployment rate................... 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.9
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,949 45,058 45,247 43,949 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058 45,247
Civilian labor force.................... 35,149 36,087 36,242 35,132 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205 36,265
Percent of population............... 80.0 80.1 80.1 79.9 79.4 79.5 79.9 80.4 80.1
Employed.............................. 34,471 35,398 35,643 34,466 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540 35,678
Employment-population ratio......... 78.4 78.6 78.8 78.4 78.0 78.1 78.5 78.9 78.9
Unemployed............................ 678 689 599 666 615 609 638 665 587
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,639 133,357 133,954 133,029 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
Married men, spouse present..................... 42,757 43,644 43,187 43,077 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535
Married women, spouse present................... 33,092 34,064 33,848 33,130 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882
Women who maintain families..................... 8,105 8,211 8,228 8,103 8,398 8,526 8,375 8,362 8,220
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 39,607 40,780 40,745 39,650 40,718 40,363 40,800 40,924 40,806
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,979 39,257 39,544 39,152 39,023 39,283 39,311 39,614 39,703
Service occupations............................. 18,000 17,829 18,271 18,090 17,694 17,633 17,706 18,155 18,344
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,477 14,435 14,505 14,662 14,836 14,903 14,940 14,610 14,681
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,648 18,057 17,828 18,097 18,340 18,476 18,299 18,385 18,279
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,928 2,999 3,060 3,469 3,365 3,407 3,367 3,574 3,630
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,646 1,755 1,749 1,900 1,936 2,049 2,018 2,024 2,025
Self-employed workers......................... 1,220 1,172 1,190 1,376 1,267 1,216 1,211 1,320 1,344
Unpaid family workers......................... 28 32 33 43 42 41 36 38 51
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 120,119 121,652 122,346 120,967 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823 123,166
Government.................................. 19,027 19,317 19,666 18,783 18,817 18,902 18,959 19,013 19,394
Private industries.......................... 101,093 102,335 102,680 102,184 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810 103,772
Private households........................ 832 905 983 861 939 944 948 952 1,016
Other industries.......................... 100,261 101,430 101,698 101,323 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756
Self-employed workers......................... 8,511 8,643 8,555 8,733 8,833 8,686 8,662 8,802 8,793
Unpaid family workers......................... 114 102 79 108 101 108 98 92 74
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,594 3,535 3,296 3,425 3,179 3,274 3,320 3,219 3,139
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,174 2,250 1,979 1,985 1,928 1,930 1,951 1,893 1,807
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,132 953 1,027 1,131 993 1,032 1,025 1,012 1,023
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,481 19,153 19,849 18,677 18,799 18,651 18,618 18,889 19,031
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,443 3,355 3,138 3,282 2,983 3,105 3,157 3,066 2,985
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,085 2,140 1,874 1,900 1,807 1,815 1,843 1,801 1,705
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,109 935 1,015 1,101 964 1,013 1,018 986 1,005
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,964 18,677 19,290 18,094 18,249 18,083 18,061 18,347 18,406
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,108 5,689 5,804 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,584 2,332 2,429 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,330 2,297 2,178 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,194 1,060 1,197 14.2 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6 14.1
Married men, spouse present.................... 1,049 891 928 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1
Married women, spouse present.................. 959 925 897 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6
Women who maintain families.................... 562 554 539 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.1
Full-time workers.............................. 4,893 4,554 4,595 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Part-time workers.............................. 1,202 1,112 1,191 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.9
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 766 767 660 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,587 1,382 1,526 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 661 565 644 4.3 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,171 1,198 1,185 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 284 178 218 7.6 5.8 6.7 5.8 4.7 5.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,654 4,575 4,539 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2
Goods-producing industries................... 1,334 1,162 1,265 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.4
Mining..................................... 40 14 20 7.1 5.0 4.6 4.1 2.6 4.0
Construction............................... 534 494 562 7.4 6.7 5.7 6.6 6.4 7.5
Manufacturing.............................. 760 654 682 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.3
Durable goods............................ 420 344 368 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.6 2.8 3.0
Nondurable goods......................... 340 311 315 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.8
Service-producing industries................. 3,320 3,413 3,274 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.1
Transportation and public utilities........ 242 284 249 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.2
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,445 1,427 1,467 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 195 201 230 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.9
Services................................... 1,438 1,501 1,328 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.7
Government workers............................. 435 402 426 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 229 106 140 10.8 7.7 8.3 7.1 5.0 6.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,497 2,985 2,517 2,585 2,545 2,601 2,620 2,447 2,603
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,386 1,865 2,313 1,925 1,811 1,760 1,694 1,754 1,864
15 weeks and over................................ 1,681 1,414 1,401 1,539 1,434 1,401 1,388 1,372 1,277
15 to 26 weeks................................ 864 656 772 754 719 725 693 667 673
27 weeks and over............................. 816 758 629 785 715 676 695 705 604
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.8 12.5 12.5 13.8 13.2 13.0 12.8 13.2 12.5
Median duration, in weeks........................ 7.4 5.4 6.6 6.9 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.7 6.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 38.0 47.7 40.4 42.7 44.0 45.1 45.9 43.9 45.3
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 36.3 29.8 37.1 31.8 31.3 30.5 29.7 31.5 32.5
15 weeks and over.............................. 25.6 22.6 22.5 25.4 24.8 24.3 24.3 24.6 22.2
15 to 26 weeks............................... 13.2 10.5 12.4 12.5 12.4 12.6 12.2 12.0 11.7
27 weeks and over............................ 12.4 12.1 10.1 13.0 12.3 11.7 12.2 12.7 10.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 3,151 3,102 3,029 2,721 2,518 2,493 2,401 2,477 2,616
On temporary layoff............................. 1,159 1,165 1,134 854 802 851 795 739 838
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,993 1,937 1,895 1,867 1,716 1,642 1,606 1,739 1,778
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,308 1,226 1,281 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 685 711 614 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 765 765 777 750 778 821 825 776 759
Reentrants........................................ 2,182 2,062 2,067 2,090 1,958 1,935 2,036 2,043 1,975
New entrants...................................... 466 336 357 498 511 485 453 393 387
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 48.0 49.5 48.6 44.9 43.7 43.5 42.0 43.5 45.6
On temporary layoff............................ 17.7 18.6 18.2 14.1 13.9 14.8 13.9 13.0 14.6
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.4 30.9 30.4 30.8 29.8 28.6 28.1 30.6 31.0
Job leavers...................................... 11.6 12.2 12.5 12.4 13.5 14.3 14.4 13.6 13.2
Reentrants....................................... 33.2 32.9 33.2 34.5 34.0 33.7 35.6 35.9 34.4
New entrants..................................... 7.1 5.4 5.7 8.2 8.9 8.5 7.9 6.9 6.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9
Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5
Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
New entrants..................................... .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.9 4.6 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.6 5.3 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 8.2 7.8 7.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,108 5,689 5,804 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,262 2,119 2,267 10.2 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.3 10.0
16 to 19 years................................ 1,194 1,060 1,197 14.2 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6 14.1
16 to 17 years.............................. 526 465 529 15.8 15.9 16.5 16.5 14.0 15.9
18 to 19 years.............................. 654 577 653 13.0 12.4 12.3 12.1 11.4 12.8
20 to 24 years................................ 1,068 1,059 1,071 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.5
25 years and over............................... 3,830 3,578 3,520 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 3,336 3,089 2,997 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0
55 years and over............................. 503 494 546 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,232 2,946 3,121 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1
16 to 24 years................................ 1,197 1,150 1,236 10.3 10.4 10.2 10.6 9.7 10.3
16 to 19 years.............................. 648 613 691 14.9 14.2 14.9 15.2 14.0 15.5
16 to 17 years............................ 274 246 312 16.0 15.5 16.9 17.7 14.3 17.3
18 to 19 years............................ 361 364 367 13.9 13.2 13.6 13.5 13.7 13.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 549 537 544 7.6 8.2 7.5 7.8 7.2 7.3
25 years and over............................. 2,010 1,800 1,861 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,714 1,552 1,574 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9
55 years and over........................... 286 248 281 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,876 2,743 2,683 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1
16 to 24 years................................ 1,065 969 1,032 10.0 9.6 9.8 8.9 8.9 9.6
16 to 19 years.............................. 546 447 505 13.4 13.4 13.0 12.2 11.1 12.6
16 to 17 years............................ 252 219 217 15.5 16.3 16.1 15.1 13.7 14.3
18 to 19 years............................ 293 213 286 12.0 11.4 10.8 10.5 8.9 11.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 519 522 526 7.9 7.2 7.9 7.0 7.6 7.8
25 years and over............................. 1,820 1,778 1,659 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,622 1,537 1,424 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.0
55 years and over........................... 217 245 266 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,671 68,723 25,562 25,522 43,109 43,200
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,703 4,431 1,878 1,743 2,825 2,688
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,279 1,273 592 577 686 697
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 271 262 170 159 100 103
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,008 1,011 422 418 586 594
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 8,044 7,735 4,264 4,037 3,780 3,698
Percent of total employed..................................... 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.7 6.1 5.9
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,396 4,267 2,551 2,465 1,845 1,802
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,763 1,602 575 470 1,187 1,131
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 276 290 174 181 102 109
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,563 1,547 932 909 631 638
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 1999 2000p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000p 2000p
Total......................... 126,229 130,718 128,125 128,782 127,730 129,332 129,589 129,898 130,282 130,325
Total private.................... 105,872 110,046 107,843 108,096 107,676 109,095 109,320 109,583 109,914 109,944
Goods-producing......................... 24,726 25,195 24,821 24,787 25,329 25,198 25,257 25,283 25,419 25,400
Mining................................ 540 529 519 520 553 528 527 529 528 530
Metal mining........................ 49.2 48.2 48.0 47.6 50 48 49 48 48 48
Coal mining......................... 87.8 82.7 80.1 79.2 88 82 82 82 80 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 301.2 292.6 291.1 291.9 306 289 288 291 292 294
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 101.3 105.3 99.9 101.2 109 109 108 108 108 109
Construction.......................... 5,747 6,291 6,022 5,975 6,238 6,314 6,369 6,393 6,509 6,483
General building contractors........ 1,349.8 1,443.1 1,410.6 1,396.2 1,426 1,445 1,450 1,454 1,475 1,475
Heavy construction, except building. 740.0 832.2 761.6 755.4 869 861 870 878 902 884
Special trade contractors........... 3,657.0 4,015.9 3,850.2 3,823.2 3,943 4,008 4,049 4,061 4,132 4,124
Manufacturing......................... 18,439 18,375 18,280 18,292 18,538 18,356 18,361 18,361 18,382 18,387
Production workers................ 12,661 12,630 12,545 12,569 12,730 12,608 12,613 12,613 12,633 12,637
Durable goods........................ 10,986 10,980 10,935 10,951 11,027 10,952 10,954 10,960 10,974 10,994
Production workers................ 7,504 7,512 7,471 7,494 7,529 7,489 7,487 7,485 7,506 7,522
Lumber and wood products............ 812.2 827.2 819.4 817.9 827 829 829 828 829 831
Furniture and fixtures.............. 535.3 545.1 543.5 544.4 535 546 544 543 543 544
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 552.5 568.2 555.7 553.6 571 568 571 574 575 572
Primary metal industries............ 694.6 690.0 687.1 688.3 695 685 686 687 686 689
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 223.0 222.2 221.6 221.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,490.3 1,494.5 1,491.6 1,492.3 1,491 1,487 1,489 1,489 1,490 1,492
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,148.9 2,120.3 2,116.5 2,123.7 2,146 2,116 2,118 2,120 2,116 2,122
Computer and office equipment..... 360.4 357.8 355.5 353.9 362 358 358 359 357 357
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,656.7 1,671.8 1,668.6 1,674.2 1,659 1,665 1,661 1,664 1,670 1,678
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 635.4 645.7 645.9 649.8 636 643 643 645 646 651
Transportation equipment............ 1,866.7 1,841.2 1,836.0 1,839.1 1,871 1,838 1,834 1,831 1,841 1,843
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 986.2 1,009.8 1,005.3 1,010.4 989 1,001 1,000 1,001 1,010 1,016
Aircraft and parts................ 509.9 466.5 464.9 461.7 510 471 467 464 463 462
Instruments and related products.... 846.8 831.9 830.0 830.9 847 830 833 833 832 832
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 382.3 389.3 386.4 386.8 385 388 389 391 392 391
Nondurable goods..................... 7,453 7,395 7,345 7,341 7,511 7,404 7,407 7,401 7,408 7,393
Production workers................ 5,157 5,118 5,074 5,075 5,201 5,119 5,126 5,128 5,127 5,115
Food and kindred products........... 1,658.8 1,673.8 1,654.2 1,648.9 1,695 1,680 1,686 1,686 1,692 1,682
Tobacco products.................... 41.1 41.7 44.2 43.2 40 38 39 38 42 42
Textile mill products............... 572.1 551.2 546.7 546.4 575 551 553 551 549 549
Apparel and other textile products.. 701.9 658.9 650.0 652.9 707 666 663 662 658 658
Paper and allied products........... 661.9 655.1 652.6 651.2 664 655 655 655 654 653
Printing and publishing............. 1,555.0 1,555.1 1,546.2 1,544.7 1,559 1,552 1,549 1,547 1,549 1,548
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,037.2 1,030.4 1,027.8 1,028.6 1,041 1,033 1,033 1,030 1,032 1,032
Petroleum and coal products......... 134.8 133.8 131.3 131.3 139 136 136 135 136 135
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,014.4 1,023.5 1,021.6 1,024.2 1,015 1,021 1,022 1,026 1,025 1,024
Leather and leather products........ 75.9 71.3 70.7 69.5 76 72 71 71 71 70
Service-producing....................... 101,503 105,523 103,304 103,995 102,401 104,134 104,332 104,615 104,863 104,925
Transportation and public utilities... 6,661 6,949 6,828 6,833 6,723 6,841 6,862 6,897 6,902 6,894
Transportation...................... 4,316 4,557 4,437 4,445 4,367 4,458 4,474 4,501 4,504 4,497
Railroad transportation........... 229.6 226.3 226.5 226.7 233 227 226 227 230 230
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 487.5 503.2 498.2 500.8 475 486 487 487 490 489
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,749.7 1,842.4 1,805.7 1,804.8 1,789 1,828 1,839 1,845 1,849 1,845
Water transportation.............. 173.0 176.4 172.5 172.5 181 182 180 182 180 181
Transportation by air............. 1,202.1 1,322.6 1,253.5 1,258.0 1,213 1,251 1,257 1,273 1,272 1,268
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.8 13.1 13.0 12.9 14 13 13 13 13 13
Transportation services........... 460.4 472.8 467.5 468.8 462 471 472 474 470 471
Communications and public utilities. 2,345 2,392 2,391 2,388 2,356 2,383 2,388 2,396 2,398 2,397
Communications.................... 1,501.1 1,550.9 1,553.8 1,553.9 1,507 1,541 1,546 1,553 1,556 1,559
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 844.3 841.1 837.1 833.7 849 842 842 843 842 838
Wholesale trade....................... 6,882 7,082 7,048 7,058 6,937 7,064 7,070 7,088 7,107 7,115
Durable goods....................... 4,080 4,201 4,189 4,196 4,100 4,188 4,194 4,204 4,213 4,217
Nondurable goods.................... 2,802 2,881 2,859 2,862 2,837 2,876 2,876 2,884 2,894 2,898
Retail trade.......................... 22,103 23,621 22,617 22,490 22,648 22,891 22,902 22,973 23,008 23,041
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 923.4 992.3 960.2 958.7 979 1,001 1,004 1,007 1,011 1,015
General merchandise stores.......... 2,678.3 3,095.5 2,809.2 2,719.2 2,781 2,756 2,753 2,793 2,798 2,822
Department stores................. 2,383.4 2,754.4 2,500.7 2,425.1 2,475 2,455 2,450 2,479 2,476 2,517
Food stores......................... 3,457.7 3,544.3 3,468.7 3,450.7 3,492 3,481 3,480 3,482 3,485 3,484
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,359.7 2,420.0 2,411.3 2,416.2 2,390 2,420 2,424 2,432 2,444 2,446
New and used car dealers.......... 1,060.7 1,093.8 1,092.5 1,098.5 1,065 1,092 1,096 1,097 1,100 1,104
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,129.6 1,293.6 1,188.5 1,142.8 1,167 1,200 1,198 1,177 1,179 1,181
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,060.2 1,147.5 1,111.8 1,107.7 1,064 1,099 1,095 1,102 1,102 1,112
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,598.6 7,922.4 7,653.3 7,710.2 7,855 7,925 7,943 7,986 7,982 7,969
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,895.7 3,205.5 3,014.4 2,984.1 2,920 3,009 3,005 2,994 3,007 3,012
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,519 7,664 7,618 7,623 7,581 7,668 7,675 7,685 7,679 7,689
Finance............................. 3,670 3,725 3,712 3,713 3,681 3,719 3,723 3,727 3,723 3,726
Depository institutions........... 2,043.2 2,042.1 2,036.4 2,030.6 2,051 2,047 2,044 2,040 2,039 2,037
Commercial banks................ 1,464.5 1,460.0 1,455.5 1,450.7 1,470 1,464 1,460 1,458 1,457 1,455
Savings institutions............ 256.4 252.2 249.6 248.1 258 254 254 252 250 249
Nondepository institutions........ 707.1 710.1 703.9 702.9 708 711 711 713 707 705
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 362.3 354.3 350.1 349.4 365 358 357 357 353 353
Security and commodity brokers.... 658.2 700.9 701.3 707.0 661 691 697 702 704 711
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 261.0 272.0 270.4 272.9 261 270 271 272 273 273
Insurance........................... 2,379 2,418 2,401 2,400 2,386 2,414 2,411 2,416 2,404 2,408
Insurance carriers................ 1,622.1 1,640.2 1,628.5 1,625.5 1,628 1,641 1,636 1,639 1,630 1,632
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 757.1 777.7 772.5 774.2 758 773 775 777 774 776
Real estate......................... 1,470 1,521 1,505 1,510 1,514 1,535 1,541 1,542 1,552 1,555
Services2............................. 37,981 39,535 38,911 39,305 38,458 39,433 39,554 39,657 39,799 39,805
Agricultural services............... 636.0 717.9 664.5 660.8 751 766 774 765 786 779
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,696.5 1,728.6 1,694.5 1,705.0 1,786 1,806 1,812 1,807 1,795 1,797
Personal services................... 1,268.8 1,201.6 1,273.7 1,293.9 1,201 1,210 1,214 1,225 1,229 1,224
Business services................... 8,731.3 9,468.7 9,190.5 9,224.2 8,922 9,303 9,336 9,392 9,422 9,421
Services to buildings............. 959.5 998.3 987.0 993.4 971 1,003 1,003 1,000 1,000 1,006
Personnel supply services......... 3,169.1 3,605.3 3,358.1 3,357.9 3,331 3,490 3,501 3,513 3,513 3,524
Help supply services............ 2,800.8 3,193.6 2,969.3 2,968.8 2,954 3,099 3,097 3,108 3,110 3,127
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,725.5 1,843.8 1,849.5 1,855.8 1,724 1,823 1,829 1,842 1,852 1,855
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,168.5 1,195.6 1,189.2 1,199.0 1,175 1,196 1,197 1,198 1,203 1,205
Miscellaneous repair services....... 387.4 402.5 398.3 401.3 392 400 400 405 404 406
Motion pictures..................... 584.5 614.4 606.8 610.1 582 612 613 609 615 609
Amusement and recreation services... 1,456.5 1,563.0 1,501.6 1,536.4 1,656 1,730 1,734 1,725 1,757 1,750
Health services..................... 9,893.0 10052.0 10025.7 10035.7 9,919 10,009 10,026 10,038 10,058 10,064
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,839.0 1,890.2 1,890.0 1,891.2 1,844 1,880 1,885 1,886 1,894 1,897
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,748.7 1,761.3 1,755.2 1,756.8 1,755 1,756 1,756 1,759 1,761 1,763
Hospitals......................... 3,952.7 3,986.2 3,984.5 3,983.9 3,959 3,978 3,978 3,985 3,992 3,990
Home health care services......... 647.1 661.5 650.4 652.9 651 658 658 659 657 657
Legal services...................... 986.0 1,013.6 1,010.6 1,010.1 992 1,009 1,012 1,015 1,018 1,017
Educational services................ 2,369.6 2,427.9 2,243.7 2,433.2 2,237 2,288 2,298 2,304 2,297 2,296
Social services..................... 2,729.1 2,857.0 2,846.1 2,868.9 2,734 2,817 2,840 2,850 2,870 2,873
Child day care services........... 636.5 658.9 659.4 667.1 625 634 646 650 656 655
Residential care.................. 764.5 799.1 796.9 801.6 768 792 796 801 803 805
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 86.2 93.1 87.8 88.2 94 95 96 95 96 96
Membership organizations............ 2,366.3 2,404.4 2,382.0 2,400.9 2,389 2,409 2,411 2,418 2,420 2,423
Engineering and management services. 3,329.1 3,498.0 3,499.5 3,540.8 3,335 3,487 3,496 3,515 3,532 3,547
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 917.5 959.1 959.2 962.1 930 954 959 964 972 975
Management and public relations... 1,103.4 1,207.4 1,203.7 1,209.8 1,111 1,193 1,196 1,213 1,222 1,218
Services, nec....................... 54.7 58.7 58.9 59.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,357 20,672 20,282 20,686 20,054 20,237 20,269 20,315 20,368 20,381
Federal............................. 2,697 2,677 2,644 2,672 2,713 2,643 2,648 2,645 2,666 2,686
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,824.0 1,762.7 1,780.2 1,809.6 1,834 1,780 1,780 1,780 1,800 1,819
State............................... 4,765 4,814 4,642 4,827 4,670 4,722 4,729 4,730 4,727 4,730
Education......................... 2,057.1 2,078.6 1,907.9 2,079.2 1,941 1,960 1,967 1,969 1,967 1,962
Other State government............ 2,707.9 2,735.8 2,734.3 2,747.7 2,729 2,762 2,762 2,761 2,760 2,768
Local............................... 12,895 13,181 12,996 13,187 12,671 12,872 12,892 12,940 12,975 12,965
Education......................... 7,526.9 7,688.8 7,527.0 7,701.2 7,181 7,305 7,318 7,351 7,368 7,353
Other local government............ 5,367.9 5,491.9 5,469.2 5,485.4 5,490 5,567 5,574 5,589 5,607 5,612
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 1999 2000p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.3 34.6 34.4 34.2 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.5
Goods-producing......................... 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.2 41.4
Mining................................ 42.7 44.4 44.4 44.3 43.0 44.1 44.2 44.2 45.0 44.8
Construction.......................... 38.0 38.7 38.3 38.6 39.2 39.1 40.0 38.9 39.4 39.9
Manufacturing......................... 41.3 42.5 41.6 41.6 41.6 41.8 41.7 41.6 41.7 41.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.2 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8
Durable goods........................ 41.9 43.1 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.3 42.2 42.1 42.3 42.4
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9
Lumber and wood products............ 40.3 41.3 40.7 40.5 41.1 41.1 41.1 40.9 41.1 41.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.8 41.1 40.1 39.7 40.3 40.2 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.3
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.3 43.3 42.5 42.4 43.4 43.4 43.9 43.3 43.7 43.5
Primary metal industries............ 43.7 45.3 44.7 44.5 43.8 44.3 44.3 44.4 44.6 44.6
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 43.7 46.0 45.4 45.5 43.8 45.0 45.3 45.5 45.2 45.7
Fabricated metal products........... 41.8 43.2 42.2 42.2 42.1 42.1 42.1 41.9 42.2 42.5
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.1 43.2 42.5 42.4 42.1 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.5 42.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.1 42.4 41.5 41.7 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.3 41.9
Transportation equipment............ 43.9 44.9 43.8 44.0 44.0 43.9 43.5 43.3 43.8 44.1
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.0 46.2 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.3 44.7 44.4 45.2 45.1
Instruments and related products.... 41.5 42.5 41.4 41.3 41.3 41.5 41.5 41.6 41.2 41.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.6 40.4 39.1 39.3 39.7 39.8 39.6 39.9 39.4 39.5
Nondurable goods..................... 40.5 41.6 40.7 40.6 40.8 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.9 41.0
Overtime hours.................... 4.0 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6
Food and kindred products........... 41.1 42.4 41.3 41.1 41.7 42.0 41.9 41.6 41.6 41.7
Tobacco products.................... 37.2 44.2 41.6 41.8 38.5 41.0 42.8 43.5 43.0 43.3
Textile mill products............... 40.2 41.8 40.9 41.1 40.6 41.3 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.6
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.3 38.0 37.2 37.6 37.5 37.5 37.3 37.4 37.6 37.8
Paper and allied products........... 43.0 44.2 43.3 43.0 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.2 43.2 43.5
Printing and publishing............. 37.7 38.9 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.7 43.8 42.9 43.0 42.8 43.1 43.1 43.1 43.0 43.2
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.3 43.1 43.0 43.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 42.3 41.5 41.3 41.7 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.8 41.5
Leather and leather products........ 37.2 37.4 36.9 37.4 37.7 37.5 37.6 36.8 37.5 38.0
Service-producing....................... 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.6 33.0 32.8 32.8 32.9 33.0 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 39.0 38.4 38.3 38.1 39.2 38.5 38.2 38.5 38.5 38.3
Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.1 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.3
Retail trade.......................... 28.6 29.3 28.5 28.6 29.2 28.9 28.9 29.1 29.2 29.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.3 36.2 36.8 36.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Services.............................. 32.5 32.6 32.8 32.5 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 1999 2000p 2000p 1999 1999 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.10 $13.47 $13.58 $13.56 $449.33 $466.06 $467.15 $463.75
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.06 13.44 13.49 13.53 451.88 463.68 466.75 466.79
Goods-producing......................... 14.45 15.09 15.04 15.04 585.23 626.24 613.63 615.14
Mining................................ 17.08 17.13 17.25 17.18 729.32 760.57 765.90 761.07
Construction.......................... 16.66 17.42 17.33 17.37 633.08 674.15 663.74 670.48
Manufacturing......................... 13.66 14.21 14.19 14.18 564.16 603.93 590.30 589.89
Durable goods........................ 14.12 14.73 14.71 14.70 591.63 634.86 620.76 620.34
Lumber and wood products............ 11.26 11.63 11.68 11.64 453.78 480.32 475.38 471.42
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.06 11.46 11.44 11.44 440.19 471.01 458.74 454.17
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.64 14.00 13.97 13.96 576.97 606.20 593.73 591.90
Primary metal industries............ 15.41 16.19 16.20 16.19 673.42 733.41 724.14 720.46
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.50 19.16 19.20 19.17 808.45 881.36 871.68 872.24
Fabricated metal products........... 13.29 13.70 13.68 13.63 555.52 591.84 577.30 575.19
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.72 15.36 15.35 15.35 619.71 663.55 652.38 650.84
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.25 13.70 13.73 13.72 544.58 580.88 569.80 572.12
Transportation equipment............ 17.50 18.78 18.64 18.62 768.25 843.22 816.43 819.28
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.71 19.29 19.07 19.07 796.95 891.20 858.15 858.15
Instruments and related products.... 13.94 14.40 14.37 14.43 578.51 612.00 594.92 595.96
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.17 11.57 11.56 11.58 442.33 467.43 452.00 455.09
Nondurable goods..................... 12.97 13.41 13.40 13.38 525.29 557.86 545.38 543.23
Food and kindred products........... 11.91 12.29 12.24 12.21 489.50 521.10 505.51 501.83
Tobacco products.................... 17.80 17.97 18.16 18.14 662.16 794.27 755.46 758.25
Textile mill products............... 10.60 10.84 10.83 10.83 426.12 453.11 442.95 445.11
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.65 9.03 9.02 8.98 322.65 343.14 335.54 337.65
Paper and allied products........... 15.70 16.15 16.08 16.01 675.10 713.83 696.26 688.43
Printing and publishing............. 13.67 14.11 14.11 14.15 515.36 548.88 534.77 536.29
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.20 17.79 17.82 17.84 734.44 779.20 764.48 767.12
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.43 21.83 21.65 22.14 927.92 940.87 930.95 956.45
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.16 12.51 12.56 12.53 503.42 529.17 521.24 517.49
Leather and leather products........ 9.56 9.92 9.98 9.83 355.63 371.01 368.26 367.64
Service-producing....................... 12.68 12.96 13.12 13.11 414.64 425.09 430.34 427.39
Transportation and public utilities... $15.56 $15.94 $15.94 $15.99 $606.84 $612.10 $610.50 $609.22
Wholesale trade....................... 14.38 14.91 15.05 14.93 550.75 574.04 579.43 568.83
Retail trade.......................... 8.98 9.25 9.31 9.32 256.83 271.03 265.34 266.55
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.55 14.75 14.98 14.92 528.17 533.95 551.26 538.61
Services.............................. 13.32 13.69 13.81 13.79 432.90 446.29 452.97 448.18
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change
Industry 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000p 2000p from:
Jan. 2000-
Feb. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.06 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.49 $13.53 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.84 7.87 7.86 7.87 7.88 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.56 14.97 14.99 15.03 15.10 15.16 .4
Mining...................... 16.97 17.09 16.93 17.01 17.02 17.09 .4
Construction................ 16.83 17.27 17.31 17.42 17.43 17.55 .7
Manufacturing............... 13.67 14.07 14.06 14.09 14.15 14.20 .4
Excluding overtime4....... 12.97 13.33 13.32 13.35 13.42 13.44 .1
Service-producing............. 12.58 12.89 12.90 12.95 12.98 13.01 .2
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.51 15.76 15.81 15.94 15.86 15.95 .6
Wholesale trade............. 14.36 14.80 14.81 14.88 14.98 14.92 -.4
Retail trade................ 8.95 9.18 9.20 9.26 9.24 9.29 .5
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.49 14.72 14.73 14.75 14.89 14.85 -.3
Services.................... 13.22 13.55 13.55 13.60 13.64 13.68 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .1 percent from December 1999 to January 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1999 1999 2000p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 143.2 150.6 146.2 146.0 147.3 148.8 149.2 149.4 150.5 149.9
Goods-producing......................... 110.2 115.8 111.5 111.5 115.0 114.7 115.5 114.5 116.3 116.4
Mining................................ 49.1 50.9 49.7 49.1 51.0 50.6 50.4 50.8 51.5 51.0
Construction.......................... 150.6 170.5 159.4 158.9 171.9 173.2 179.0 174.5 181.6 180.8
Manufacturing......................... 105.5 108.2 105.2 105.4 106.8 106.2 106.0 105.7 106.3 106.7
Durable goods........................ 109.8 112.9 110.0 110.3 110.8 110.5 110.2 109.8 110.7 111.4
Lumber and wood products............ 142.0 148.0 144.2 143.3 147.6 147.6 147.6 146.6 147.8 148.0
Furniture and fixtures.............. 133.7 140.5 136.4 135.5 134.9 137.4 136.1 135.8 136.5 137.1
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 109.8 115.9 110.7 110.2 117.0 116.2 118.1 117.0 118.9 117.3
Primary metal industries............ 89.9 92.6 91.1 90.8 90.0 89.8 90.0 90.4 90.6 91.0
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 67.7 71.3 70.3 70.4 68.0 69.9 69.9 70.2 70.2 71.0
Fabricated metal products........... 116.2 120.8 117.7 117.6 117.2 116.8 116.9 116.5 117.5 118.6
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.8 106.5 105.0 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.7 103.8 104.7 105.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 105.1 109.0 106.3 107.4 105.2 106.7 105.8 105.0 105.6 107.8
Transportation equipment............ 125.4 127.5 123.9 124.8 125.9 124.2 122.7 122.2 124.6 125.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 162.2 172.9 167.3 168.4 162.7 167.3 165.0 164.1 169.7 169.4
Instruments and related products.... 75.7 76.3 73.9 73.9 75.2 75.1 75.1 74.5 73.6 73.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 98.5 102.2 98.0 98.8 99.8 100.8 100.3 101.8 100.9 100.4
Nondurable goods..................... 99.7 101.8 98.6 98.6 101.5 100.4 100.4 100.1 100.3 100.3
Food and kindred products........... 114.3 119.3 114.3 113.3 118.8 118.7 119.0 118.3 118.4 117.6
Tobacco products.................... 58.1 65.8 65.0 63.5 57.2 54.8 57.3 58.2 61.8 62.2
Textile mill products............... 80.8 80.9 78.4 78.8 82.0 80.0 80.1 79.8 78.7 80.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 61.3 58.3 56.3 57.4 62.1 58.1 57.7 57.7 57.9 58.0
Paper and allied products........... 105.0 107.5 104.9 104.0 106.7 105.2 105.4 105.1 104.9 105.6
Printing and publishing............. 121.2 124.8 120.4 120.5 122.8 122.6 122.0 121.4 121.8 121.8
Chemicals and allied products....... 101.6 105.1 102.9 103.6 102.0 102.8 103.2 103.4 103.5 104.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 72.7 69.5 66.0 64.7 77.4 73.2 72.4 72.0 69.5 68.7
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.8 152.9 149.8 149.7 148.5 149.2 149.4 149.5 151.3 150.4
Leather and leather products........ 32.3 29.9 29.4 28.9 33.0 30.5 30.0 29.4 30.0 29.8
Service-producing....................... 158.0 166.2 161.8 161.4 161.8 164.1 164.4 165.0 165.8 165.0
Transportation and public utilities... 132.0 135.3 132.2 131.6 134.1 133.3 132.7 134.0 134.7 133.6
Wholesale trade....................... 129.5 133.8 132.8 131.6 131.3 133.8 133.2 134.0 134.6 133.6
Retail trade.......................... 136.4 150.3 139.6 138.8 142.9 143.1 143.3 144.7 145.4 145.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.2 139.7 141.1 138.3 139.6 140.5 139.7 140.6 140.9 139.8
Services.............................. 195.4 203.6 201.1 201.9 198.9 204.0 205.0 204.8 206.0 204.9
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7 61.2
1997.............. 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6 62.1
1998.............. 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1 58.6
1999.............. 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 51.5 57.0 57.6 50.0 55.1 57.2 57.9 57.7
2000.............. p57.9 p52.8
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2 63.2
1997.............. 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8 71.2
1998.............. 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0 60.4
1999.............. 60.7 55.9 59.6 54.6 56.3 56.2 56.2 59.0 57.4 59.6 60.8 p61.0
2000.............. p60.8
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9 66.7
1997.............. 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3 71.9
1998.............. 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8 58.0
1999.............. 61.1 58.8 57.3 59.0 55.2 57.4 56.9 61.5 61.0 p59.0 p61.1
2000..............
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8 71.3
1998.............. 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 59.3 58.6
1999.............. 60.1 57.3 57.0 57.6 58.7 59.0 p59.4 p58.3
2000..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7 54.0
1997.............. 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2 55.4
1998.............. 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9 45.0
1999.............. 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 36.3 45.3 57.2 38.5 42.8 48.9 50.7 49.3
2000.............. p52.2 p50.4
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0 50.7
1997.............. 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8 64.4
1998.............. 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6 35.3
1999.............. 37.4 31.7 37.1 30.2 33.8 43.9 43.2 44.6 38.5 46.4 50.0 p50.7
2000.............. p50.4
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5 51.8
1997.............. 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2 65.1
1998.............. 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7 28.1
1999.............. 33.1 29.1 28.1 36.0 30.9 34.5 36.3 44.6 45.7 p40.6 p47.1
2000..............
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4 57.2
1998.............. 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 25.5 26.3
1999.............. 32.7 25.9 28.4 29.5 29.9 31.7 p35.3 p34.2
2000..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: May 05, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_feb2000.htm
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