Technical information: USDL 01-57
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, March 9, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 2001
The unemployment rate held at 4.2 percent in February, and total
nonfarm employment rose by 135,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Large job losses continued in
manufacturing, where employment declined by 94,000. Employment gains in
several other industries, including services, accounted for the net
increase in payroll employment. Average hourly earnings rose by 7 cents
over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (5.9 million) and the
unemployment rate (4.2 percent) were essentially unchanged in February.
The jobless rates for most of the major worker groups--adult men (3.5
percent), adult women (3.7 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), whites (3.7
percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent)--were little changed from January.
The unemployment rate for blacks declined to 7.5 percent, the same level as
in the last quarter of 2000. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
In February, both the number of newly unemployed (those unemployed less
than 5 weeks) and the number of unemployed job losers who did not expect to
be recalled rose for the second consecutive month. (See tables A-6 and A-7.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was essentially unchanged at 135.8 million, seasonally
adjusted, in February. The civilian labor force, at 141.8 million persons,
also was little changed over the month. The labor force participation
rate--the proportion of the population age 16 and older who are either
working or looking for work--edged down by 0.1 percentage point to 67.2
percent, still relatively high by historical standards. (See table A-1.)
About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in February. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of
total employment, compared with 5.8 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in February, the same as a year earlier. These
people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because
they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers was 289,000 in February, about the same
as a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Jan.-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | 2001 | Feb.
|_________________|________|_________________|change
| III | IV | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,706| 141,208| 141,489| 141,955| 141,751| -204
Employment..........| 135,049| 135,593| 135,836| 135,999| 135,815| -184
Unemployment........| 5,657| 5,616| 5,653| 5,956| 5,936| -20
Not in labor force....| 69,235| 69,358| 69,254| 68,934| 69,275| 341
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.2| 4.2| .0
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.4| 3.6| 3.5| -0.1
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.4| 3.4| 3.6| 3.7| .1
Teenagers...........| 13.5| 12.9| 13.1| 13.8| 13.6| -.2
White...............| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.7| .1
Black...............| 7.6| 7.5| 7.6| 8.4| 7.5| -.9
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 6.0| 6.3| .3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,619| 131,836| 131,878|p132,102|p132,237| p135
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| 25,623| 25,569| p25,639| p25,564| p-75
Construction......| 6,688| 6,732| 6,717| p6,875| p6,891| p16
Manufacturing.....| 18,453| 18,350| 18,312| p18,216| p18,122| p-94
Service-producing 1/| 105,940| 106,213| 106,309|p106,463|p106,673| p210
Retail trade......| 23,189| 23,225| 23,245| p23,250| p23,287| p37
Services..........| 40,553| 40,752| 40,797| p40,884| p40,979| p95
Government........| 20,536| 20,435| 20,435| p20,502| p20,539| p37
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.4| 34.3| 34.1| p34.3| p34.2| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.5| 41.0| 40.4| p40.9| p40.6| p-.3
Overtime..........| 4.5| 4.2| 3.9| p4.1| p3.8| p-.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| 151.2| 150.6| p151.8| p151.0| p-0.8
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.79| $13.95| $14.02| p$14.03| p$14.10| p$0.07
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 474.03| 478.13| 478.08| p481.23| p482.22| p.99
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 135,000, seasonally adjusted,
in February. Since last September, the average monthly growth in payroll
employment has been 103,000, compared with an average gain of 187,000
during the first 9 months of last year. In February, major job losses
continued in manufacturing. These losses, however, were more than offset
by gains in services and most other major industry divisions. (See table
B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment fell by 94,000
in February, following a similar loss (as revised) in January. Together,
these losses exceeded the total employment decline in this industry for all
of 2000. With the exception of motor vehicles, where some workers returned
from temporary layoffs, employment declines in manufacturing were widespread
in February. Job losses continued in fabricated metals (13,000) and in
industrial machinery (11,000). Electrical equipment and apparel also lost
11,000 jobs each. Smaller employment declines occurred in a number of other
industries, including furniture, primary metals, textiles, printing and
publishing, paper, and rubber and plastics.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment rose
by 16,000, seasonally adjusted, in February, following an unusually large
increase in January. Mining employment rose by 3,000 in February, after
having increased by 8,000 in January. Employment in oil and gas extraction
continued to grow; this industry has gained 25,000 jobs over the last year.
In the service-producing sector, services employment increased by
95,000 in February, about in line with its average monthly increase during
2000. In February, health services employment rose by 28,000, as hospitals
added 11,000 jobs. Business services gained 24,000 jobs, after 4
consecutive months of job losses. Within business services, employment
rose by 15,000 in computer services, following weak growth in January.
Help supply employment was little changed over the month; in the prior 4
months, job declines totaled 181,000. Social services added 15,000 jobs in
February, and private education employment grew by 20,000.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 16,000 in
February, continuing the growth trend that began last August. Strong
demand for mortgage refinancing boosted employment in mortgage banks, which
grew by 5,000 over the month. Employment increased by 5,000 in insurance
carriers.
Employment in transportation and public utilities grew by 28,000,
following a decline in January. Job growth in February was nearly double
the industry's average monthly gain for 2000. Air transportation, which
had accounted for most of the loss in January, added 15,000 jobs in
February.
Employment in retail trade increased by 37,000 in February, following 2
months of little change. Gains were widespread. Employment in department
stores, however, was little changed; this industry has lost 60,000 jobs
over the year. Wholesale trade employment declined for the third
consecutive month.
Government employment increased by 37,000 in February. Employment in
local government grew by 26,000, including an increase of 16,000 jobs in
local education. There was little change in federal government employment.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in February to 34.2 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.3 hour to 40.6
hours; since June, the factory workweek has fallen by 1.0 hour.
Manufacturing overtime declined by 0.3 hour in February to 3.8 hours, the
lowest level since 1992. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.5 percent to 151.0
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.4
percent to 101.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 cents in February to $14.10,
seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by
0.2 percent to $482.22. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.1
percent and average weekly earnings grew by 2.9 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for March 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, April 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| March 2000 National Benchmarks |
| |
| In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release nonfarm |
|payroll employment benchmark revisions with the May data on June 1,|
|2001. The March 2000 benchmark level has been finalized and will |
|result in an upward revision of 469,000 to total nonfarm employment|
|for the March 2000 reference month, an adjustment of 0.4 percent. |
| |
| Also concurrent with the release of the March 2000 benchmark |
|revisions on June 1, BLS will continue the implementation of a new |
|probability-based sample design for the payroll survey that began |
|last year with the wholesale trade industry. Estimates for the |
|mining, construction, and manufacturing industries will incorporate|
|the new sample design with this release. Further information is |
|available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by |
|calling (202) 691-6555. |
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,907 210,889 211,026 208,907 210,378 210,577 210,743 210,889 211,026
Civilian labor force............................ 140,185 141,049 141,238 140,860 141,000 141,136 141,489 141,955 141,751
Participation rate........................ 67.1 66.9 66.9 67.4 67.0 67.0 67.1 67.3 67.2
Employed...................................... 133,954 134,462 134,774 135,120 135,464 135,478 135,836 135,999 135,815
Employment-population ratio............... 64.1 63.8 63.9 64.7 64.4 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.4
Agriculture................................. 2,973 2,811 2,794 3,367 3,241 3,176 3,274 3,179 3,135
Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,981 131,651 131,980 131,753 132,223 132,302 132,562 132,819 132,680
Unemployed.................................... 6,231 6,587 6,464 5,740 5,536 5,658 5,653 5,956 5,936
Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2
Not in labor force.............................. 68,723 69,841 69,788 68,047 69,378 69,441 69,254 68,934 69,275
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,431 4,474 4,500 4,378 4,377 4,351 4,532 4,417 4,455
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,330 101,357 101,428 100,330 101,075 101,175 101,260 101,357 101,428
Civilian labor force............................ 74,808 75,149 75,118 75,368 75,371 75,386 75,582 75,815 75,547
Participation rate........................ 74.6 74.1 74.1 75.1 74.6 74.5 74.6 74.8 74.5
Employed...................................... 71,311 71,405 71,430 72,333 72,427 72,354 72,534 72,589 72,359
Employment-population ratio............... 71.1 70.4 70.4 72.1 71.7 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.3
Unemployed.................................... 3,497 3,744 3,687 3,035 2,944 3,032 3,048 3,226 3,187
Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,092 93,184 93,227 92,092 92,969 93,061 93,117 93,184 93,227
Civilian labor force............................ 70,704 71,161 71,139 70,952 71,155 71,135 71,289 71,492 71,288
Participation rate........................ 76.8 76.4 76.3 77.0 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.7 76.5
Employed...................................... 67,869 68,101 68,114 68,577 68,774 68,683 68,848 68,916 68,761
Employment-population ratio............... 73.7 73.1 73.1 74.5 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.0 73.8
Agriculture................................. 2,018 1,907 1,906 2,283 2,219 2,122 2,232 2,122 2,154
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,851 66,194 66,208 66,294 66,555 66,561 66,616 66,795 66,607
Unemployed.................................... 2,835 3,060 3,025 2,375 2,381 2,452 2,441 2,576 2,527
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,577 109,532 109,598 108,577 109,303 109,402 109,483 109,532 109,598
Civilian labor force............................ 65,377 65,899 66,120 65,492 65,629 65,750 65,907 66,140 66,204
Participation rate........................ 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.4
Employed...................................... 62,642 63,057 63,344 62,787 63,037 63,124 63,302 63,410 63,456
Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.6 57.8 57.8 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.9 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 2,734 2,842 2,777 2,705 2,592 2,626 2,605 2,730 2,749
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,666 101,643 101,686 100,666 101,448 101,533 101,612 101,643 101,686
Civilian labor force............................ 61,576 62,164 62,335 61,488 61,528 61,625 61,819 62,126 62,220
Participation rate........................ 61.2 61.2 61.3 61.1 60.6 60.7 60.8 61.1 61.2
Employed...................................... 59,331 59,760 60,005 59,285 59,425 59,506 59,708 59,894 59,932
Employment-population ratio............... 58.9 58.8 59.0 58.9 58.6 58.6 58.8 58.9 58.9
Agriculture................................. 804 777 794 854 748 797 822 852 839
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,526 58,983 59,211 58,431 58,677 58,709 58,886 59,042 59,093
Unemployed.................................... 2,245 2,404 2,329 2,203 2,103 2,119 2,111 2,232 2,288
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,149 16,063 16,113 16,149 15,960 15,983 16,014 16,063 16,113
Civilian labor force............................ 7,905 7,724 7,765 8,420 8,317 8,376 8,381 8,337 8,243
Participation rate........................ 48.9 48.1 48.2 52.1 52.1 52.4 52.3 51.9 51.2
Employed...................................... 6,754 6,601 6,655 7,258 7,265 7,289 7,280 7,188 7,122
Employment-population ratio............... 41.8 41.1 41.3 44.9 45.5 45.6 45.5 44.7 44.2
Agriculture................................. 151 126 94 230 274 257 220 205 143
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,604 6,475 6,561 7,028 6,991 7,032 7,060 6,983 6,980
Unemployed.................................... 1,151 1,123 1,110 1,162 1,052 1,087 1,101 1,149 1,121
Unemployment rate......................... 14.6 14.5 14.3 13.8 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,886 175,246 175,326 173,886 174,899 175,034 175,145 175,246 175,326
Civilian labor force............................ 117,154 117,622 117,883 117,661 117,603 117,640 117,945 118,276 118,287
Participation rate.......................... 67.4 67.1 67.2 67.7 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.5 67.5
Employed...................................... 112,576 112,768 113,029 113,501 113,584 113,509 113,811 114,015 113,902
Employment-population ratio................. 64.7 64.3 64.5 65.3 64.9 64.8 65.0 65.1 65.0
Unemployed.................................... 4,578 4,854 4,853 4,160 4,019 4,131 4,134 4,261 4,385
Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,043 60,265 60,335 60,285 60,286 60,280 60,349 60,494 60,487
Participation rate.......................... 77.1 76.7 76.7 77.4 76.9 76.8 76.8 77.0 76.9
Employed...................................... 57,927 57,927 57,975 58,553 58,557 58,478 58,581 58,571 58,561
Employment-population ratio................. 74.4 73.7 73.7 75.2 74.7 74.5 74.6 74.5 74.5
Unemployed.................................... 2,116 2,338 2,360 1,732 1,729 1,802 1,768 1,923 1,926
Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.9 3.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,418 50,848 51,019 50,263 50,281 50,335 50,527 50,794 50,854
Participation rate.......................... 60.5 60.6 60.7 60.3 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.5 60.6
Employed...................................... 48,840 49,171 49,303 48,702 48,777 48,825 48,973 49,270 49,155
Employment-population ratio................. 58.6 58.6 58.7 58.5 58.2 58.2 58.4 58.7 58.5
Unemployed.................................... 1,578 1,677 1,716 1,561 1,504 1,510 1,554 1,524 1,699
Unemployment rate........................... 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,693 6,509 6,529 7,113 7,036 7,025 7,069 6,988 6,945
Participation rate.......................... 52.6 51.3 51.4 55.9 55.4 55.3 55.7 55.1 54.6
Employed...................................... 5,808 5,670 5,752 6,246 6,250 6,206 6,257 6,174 6,186
Employment-population ratio................. 45.6 44.7 45.3 49.1 49.2 48.9 49.3 48.7 48.7
Unemployed.................................... 885 839 778 867 786 819 812 814 760
Unemployment rate........................... 13.2 12.9 11.9 12.2 11.2 11.7 11.5 11.7 10.9
Men....................................... 15.5 15.8 14.3 13.8 11.8 12.4 12.2 13.3 12.6
Women..................................... 10.7 9.8 9.4 10.4 10.5 10.9 10.7 9.8 9.2
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,076 25,382 25,412 25,076 25,339 25,376 25,408 25,382 25,412
Civilian labor force............................ 16,542 16,577 16,511 16,721 16,627 16,732 16,742 16,773 16,691
Participation rate.......................... 66.0 65.3 65.0 66.7 65.6 65.9 65.9 66.1 65.7
Employed...................................... 15,164 15,170 15,192 15,416 15,401 15,485 15,470 15,372 15,440
Employment-population ratio................. 60.5 59.8 59.8 61.5 60.8 61.0 60.9 60.6 60.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,378 1,407 1,319 1,305 1,226 1,247 1,272 1,401 1,251
Unemployment rate........................... 8.3 8.5 8.0 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.4 7.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,355 7,372 7,317 7,414 7,383 7,397 7,437 7,430 7,374
Participation rate.......................... 73.3 72.4 71.8 73.9 72.6 72.6 72.9 73.0 72.4
Employed...................................... 6,771 6,800 6,770 6,891 6,868 6,888 6,897 6,918 6,887
Employment-population ratio................. 67.5 66.8 66.4 68.7 67.5 67.6 67.6 68.0 67.6
Unemployed.................................... 584 571 547 523 515 509 540 512 487
Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 7.8 7.5 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,289 8,314 8,305 8,319 8,262 8,325 8,333 8,340 8,336
Participation rate.......................... 66.0 65.2 65.1 66.2 65.0 65.4 65.4 65.4 65.3
Employed...................................... 7,719 7,716 7,799 7,777 7,786 7,808 7,861 7,731 7,854
Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 60.5 61.1 61.9 61.3 61.3 61.7 60.6 61.5
Unemployed.................................... 570 598 506 542 476 517 472 609 482
Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 7.2 6.1 6.5 5.8 6.2 5.7 7.3 5.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 898 891 889 988 982 1,010 972 1,002 981
Participation rate.......................... 36.3 36.3 36.1 39.9 39.9 41.0 39.5 40.8 39.8
Employed...................................... 673 654 623 748 747 789 712 723 699
Employment-population ratio................. 27.2 26.6 25.3 30.2 30.4 32.1 28.9 29.4 28.4
Unemployed.................................... 225 238 266 240 235 221 260 280 282
Unemployment rate........................... 25.0 26.7 29.9 24.3 23.9 21.9 26.7 27.9 28.8
Men....................................... 21.9 27.8 31.3 23.0 27.0 22.5 30.1 26.9 31.7
Women..................................... 28.3 25.5 28.6 25.6 21.2 21.3 23.4 28.9 25.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,108 22,769 22,830 22,108 22,618 22,687 22,749 22,769 22,830
Civilian labor force............................ 15,187 15,513 15,662 15,194 15,491 15,626 15,671 15,540 15,653
Participation rate.......................... 68.7 68.1 68.6 68.7 68.5 68.9 68.9 68.2 68.6
Employed...................................... 14,267 14,525 14,629 14,322 14,711 14,686 14,772 14,612 14,673
Employment-population ratio................. 64.5 63.8 64.1 64.8 65.0 64.7 64.9 64.2 64.3
Unemployed.................................... 921 989 1,034 872 780 940 899 927 980
Unemployment rate........................... 6.1 6.4 6.6 5.7 5.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.3
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,376 27,957 27,191 27,376 27,931 27,851 27,693 27,957 27,191
Civilian labor force.................... 11,638 12,065 11,732 11,996 12,192 11,958 11,822 12,008 12,074
Percent of population............... 42.5 43.2 43.1 43.8 43.7 42.9 42.7 43.0 44.4
Employed.............................. 10,829 11,070 10,706 11,263 11,408 11,171 11,077 11,193 11,140
Employment-population ratio......... 39.6 39.6 39.4 41.1 40.8 40.1 40.0 40.0 41.0
Unemployed............................ 809 995 1,026 733 784 787 745 816 934
Unemployment rate................... 7.0 8.2 8.7 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.8 7.7
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,471 58,092 57,617 57,471 57,365 57,562 57,899 58,092 57,617
Civilian labor force.................... 37,403 37,611 37,238 37,504 36,985 37,129 37,187 37,415 37,309
Percent of population............... 65.1 64.7 64.6 65.3 64.5 64.5 64.2 64.4 64.8
Employed.............................. 35,932 35,950 35,644 36,203 35,707 35,830 35,906 35,986 35,895
Employment-population ratio......... 62.5 61.9 61.9 63.0 62.2 62.2 62.0 61.9 62.3
Unemployed............................ 1,471 1,661 1,594 1,301 1,278 1,299 1,281 1,429 1,414
Unemployment rate................... 3.9 4.4 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,486 44,313 45,263 44,486 44,767 44,770 44,596 44,313 45,263
Civilian labor force.................... 32,946 32,763 33,414 32,642 32,896 32,776 33,045 33,102 33,079
Percent of population............... 74.1 73.9 73.8 73.4 73.5 73.2 74.1 74.7 73.1
Employed.............................. 31,911 31,704 32,423 31,715 32,103 31,897 32,141 32,121 32,197
Employment-population ratio......... 71.7 71.5 71.6 71.3 71.7 71.2 72.1 72.5 71.1
Unemployed............................ 1,036 1,059 991 927 793 879 904 981 882
Unemployment rate................... 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.7
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,247 45,790 46,167 45,247 45,785 45,706 45,839 45,790 46,167
Civilian labor force.................... 36,242 36,479 36,683 36,161 36,022 36,237 36,460 36,476 36,602
Percent of population............... 80.1 79.7 79.5 79.9 78.7 79.3 79.5 79.7 79.3
Employed.............................. 35,643 35,873 36,104 35,570 35,431 35,674 35,894 35,909 36,032
Employment-population ratio......... 78.8 78.3 78.2 78.6 77.4 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.0
Unemployed............................ 599 606 579 591 591 563 566 567 570
Unemployment rate................... 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,954 134,462 134,774 135,120 135,464 135,478 135,836 135,999 135,815
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,187 43,048 43,080 43,437 43,345 43,251 43,293 43,134 43,340
Married women, spouse present................... 33,848 34,180 34,059 33,841 33,622 33,633 33,635 34,249 34,059
Women who maintain families..................... 8,228 8,299 8,348 8,251 8,449 8,495 8,501 8,426 8,373
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,745 41,339 41,701 40,803 40,745 41,083 41,078 41,430 41,770
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,544 39,886 39,781 39,559 39,521 39,616 39,853 40,086 39,781
Service occupations............................. 18,271 17,922 18,301 18,269 18,555 18,471 18,550 18,158 18,283
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,505 14,651 14,746 14,729 15,050 14,748 14,848 14,889 14,970
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,828 17,808 17,439 18,284 18,305 18,184 18,171 18,092 17,889
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,060 2,856 2,806 3,555 3,318 3,238 3,357 3,372 3,252
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,749 1,721 1,587 2,024 2,041 2,005 2,019 1,983 1,839
Self-employed workers......................... 1,190 1,070 1,187 1,303 1,182 1,180 1,198 1,182 1,291
Unpaid family workers......................... 33 20 20 47 32 25 34 25 29
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,346 122,969 123,439 122,972 123,461 123,632 123,813 124,035 124,069
Government.................................. 19,666 19,163 19,523 19,259 19,073 19,146 19,352 18,843 19,103
Private industries.......................... 102,680 103,806 103,916 103,713 104,388 104,486 104,461 105,192 104,966
Private households........................ 983 820 830 980 812 827 879 859 823
Other industries.......................... 101,698 102,986 103,087 102,733 103,576 103,659 103,582 104,333 104,143
Self-employed workers......................... 8,555 8,559 8,393 8,780 8,561 8,533 8,600 8,698 8,617
Unpaid family workers......................... 79 124 147 76 136 128 121 110 142
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,296 3,693 3,424 3,149 3,222 3,416 3,234 3,327 3,273
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,979 2,445 2,209 1,828 1,909 2,183 1,964 2,035 2,043
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,027 895 947 1,015 947 886 896 954 933
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,849 18,977 20,010 18,892 18,758 18,896 18,993 18,568 19,021
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,138 3,559 3,291 2,997 3,044 3,285 3,088 3,227 3,143
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,874 2,359 2,129 1,731 1,808 2,082 1,882 1,971 1,970
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,015 894 932 994 923 871 877 945 910
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,290 18,509 19,583 18,257 18,206 18,323 18,437 18,040 18,509
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,740 5,956 5,936 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,375 2,576 2,527 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,203 2,232 2,288 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,162 1,149 1,121 13.8 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6
Married men, spouse present.................... 903 1,003 1,007 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3
Married women, spouse present.................. 908 882 912 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6
Women who maintain families.................... 544 576 541 6.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 6.4 6.1
Full-time workers.............................. 4,540 4,768 4,738 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0
Part-time workers.............................. 1,184 1,192 1,179 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.8
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 682 746 753 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,482 1,405 1,437 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 603 570 572 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,192 1,390 1,416 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 212 234 252 5.6 6.7 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.2
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,548 4,685 4,914 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.5
Goods-producing industries................... 1,269 1,410 1,488 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.2
Mining..................................... 20 11 27 3.8 7.1 3.5 3.6 2.2 4.6
Construction............................... 549 554 558 7.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.8 7.0
Manufacturing.............................. 700 845 903 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.5
Durable goods............................ 387 501 501 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.4 4.2 4.2
Nondurable goods......................... 313 343 402 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.3 5.0
Service-producing industries................. 3,279 3,275 3,426 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2
Transportation and public utilities........ 250 215 228 3.2 2.8 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.9
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,452 1,355 1,412 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 216 191 210 2.7 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
Services................................... 1,361 1,514 1,575 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.2
Government workers............................. 418 431 295 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.5
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 144 196 186 6.6 8.8 9.4 8.9 9.0 9.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,517 3,072 2,732 2,582 2,510 2,531 2,440 2,613 2,797
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,313 2,094 2,115 1,830 1,755 1,796 1,852 1,977 1,669
15 weeks and over................................ 1,401 1,420 1,617 1,292 1,311 1,317 1,326 1,371 1,490
15 to 26 weeks................................ 772 707 891 687 702 713 675 731 793
27 weeks and over............................. 629 714 726 605 609 604 651 640 697
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.5 12.2 12.8 12.5 12.4 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.9
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.6 5.5 6.6 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 40.4 46.6 42.3 45.3 45.0 44.8 43.4 43.8 47.0
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 37.1 31.8 32.7 32.1 31.5 31.8 33.0 33.2 28.0
15 weeks and over.............................. 22.5 21.6 25.0 22.7 23.5 23.3 23.6 23.0 25.0
15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.4 10.7 13.8 12.0 12.6 12.6 12.0 12.3 13.3
27 weeks and over............................ 10.1 10.8 11.2 10.6 10.9 10.7 11.6 10.7 11.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 3,029 3,406 3,309 2,614 2,446 2,501 2,514 2,742 2,853
On temporary layoff............................. 1,134 1,567 1,286 833 825 877 937 1,032 945
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,895 1,839 2,023 1,781 1,621 1,624 1,577 1,711 1,908
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,281 1,223 1,451 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 614 616 572 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 777 818 830 767 815 768 746 838 820
Reentrants........................................ 2,067 1,985 1,998 1,992 1,868 1,936 1,899 1,956 1,927
New entrants...................................... 357 378 327 400 398 429 466 446 372
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 48.6 51.7 51.2 45.3 44.3 44.4 44.7 45.8 47.8
On temporary layoff............................ 18.2 23.8 19.9 14.4 14.9 15.6 16.7 17.2 15.8
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.4 27.9 31.3 30.9 29.3 28.8 28.0 28.6 32.0
Job leavers...................................... 12.5 12.4 12.8 13.3 14.7 13.6 13.3 14.0 13.7
Reentrants....................................... 33.2 30.1 30.9 34.5 33.8 34.4 33.8 32.7 32.3
New entrants..................................... 5.7 5.7 5.1 6.9 7.2 7.6 8.3 7.4 6.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 1.0 1.1 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 4.9 4.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.3 5.5 5.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.6 8.1 7.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,740 5,956 5,936 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,220 2,205 2,167 9.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.6 9.5
16 to 19 years................................ 1,162 1,149 1,121 13.8 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6
16 to 17 years.............................. 516 554 555 15.6 15.2 15.4 15.8 17.4 17.2
18 to 19 years.............................. 635 595 550 12.5 11.1 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.0
20 to 24 years................................ 1,058 1,056 1,046 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.2
25 years and over............................... 3,510 3,767 3,766 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2
25 to 54 years................................ 3,006 3,262 3,262 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2
55 years and over............................. 524 509 519 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,035 3,226 3,187 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2
16 to 24 years................................ 1,205 1,234 1,282 10.1 9.4 9.5 9.7 10.3 10.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 660 650 660 14.9 13.4 13.6 14.1 15.0 15.5
16 to 17 years............................ 295 335 306 16.6 17.6 17.5 18.4 20.5 18.5
18 to 19 years............................ 356 320 343 13.5 10.7 11.3 11.7 11.8 13.1
20 to 24 years.............................. 545 584 622 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.6 8.2
25 years and over............................. 1,815 1,987 1,891 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,555 1,679 1,619 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0
55 years and over........................... 274 303 291 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,705 2,730 2,749 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
16 to 24 years................................ 1,015 971 885 9.4 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.1
16 to 19 years.............................. 502 498 460 12.5 11.9 12.3 12.1 12.4 11.6
16 to 17 years............................ 221 219 250 14.3 12.8 13.4 13.2 14.1 15.7
18 to 19 years............................ 279 274 208 11.3 11.6 11.5 11.6 11.3 8.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 513 472 424 7.6 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.1
25 years and over............................. 1,695 1,780 1,875 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.4
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,451 1,583 1,643 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.5
55 years and over........................... 250 205 228 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.7
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,723 69,788 25,522 26,310 43,200 43,478
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,431 4,500 1,743 1,871 2,688 2,629
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,273 1,339 577 613 697 727
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 262 289 159 186 103 103
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,011 1,050 418 427 594 623
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,735 7,592 4,037 3,989 3,698 3,603
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,267 4,258 2,465 2,496 1,802 1,762
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,602 1,627 470 459 1,131 1,168
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 290 304 181 210 109 94
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,547 1,360 909 792 638 568
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2000 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 128,970 132,773 129,991 130,647 130,482 131,789 131,842 131,878 132,102 132,237
Total private.................... 108,283 111,954 109,555 109,802 110,088 111,325 111,437 111,443 111,600 111,698
Goods-producing......................... 25,033 25,468 25,028 24,947 25,624 25,665 25,635 25,569 25,639 25,564
Mining................................ 521 541 537 538 533 542 541 540 548 551
Metal mining........................ 44.3 43.3 43.1 41.3 45 44 43 44 43 42
Coal mining......................... 80.4 78.8 78.8 78.6 81 80 78 78 79 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 293.1 314.2 315.3 317.4 296 309 311 311 318 321
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 103.2 104.2 100.0 100.8 111 109 109 107 108 109
Construction.......................... 6,120 6,601 6,374 6,369 6,618 6,745 6,734 6,717 6,875 6,891
General building contractors........ 1,417.5 1,509.2 1,476.4 1,473.5 1,491 1,517 1,523 1,527 1,546 1,546
Heavy construction, except building. 756.6 826.7 771.2 774.2 885 892 882 867 899 911
Special trade contractors........... 3,946.3 4,265.4 4,126.5 4,121.4 4,242 4,336 4,329 4,323 4,430 4,434
Manufacturing......................... 18,392 18,326 18,117 18,040 18,473 18,378 18,360 18,312 18,216 18,122
Production workers................ 12,635 12,532 12,361 12,295 12,697 12,583 12,564 12,515 12,442 12,361
Durable goods........................ 11,055 11,046 10,907 10,870 11,088 11,052 11,058 11,037 10,949 10,903
Production workers................ 7,567 7,532 7,419 7,384 7,592 7,542 7,546 7,520 7,454 7,411
Lumber and wood products............ 819.2 801.2 787.6 780.3 832 812 807 802 798 795
Furniture and fixtures.............. 553.7 553.1 546.6 540.9 553 555 554 552 547 541
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 548.4 557.3 548.3 546.4 567 564 563 561 567 563
Primary metal industries............ 698.9 684.2 677.5 673.3 699 691 690 683 677 672
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 226.4 220.0 216.8 217.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,524.8 1,532.9 1,516.9 1,502.3 1,525 1,533 1,535 1,530 1,517 1,504
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,134.7 2,126.6 2,118.2 2,109.2 2,131 2,124 2,127 2,124 2,118 2,107
Computer and office equipment..... 366.6 363.6 362.3 361.2 368 361 361 362 363 363
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,682.3 1,731.6 1,720.9 1,713.6 1,684 1,719 1,724 1,728 1,724 1,713
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 644.7 696.1 696.6 695.4 645 687 694 696 698 695
Transportation equipment............ 1,855.0 1,815.6 1,753.3 1,767.1 1,855 1,812 1,814 1,813 1,757 1,768
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,027.1 991.5 936.2 950.3 1,029 991 989 988 940 953
Aircraft and parts................ 452.9 457.8 454.0 454.9 453 456 455 456 452 453
Instruments and related products.... 844.1 851.0 851.2 850.4 844 847 850 851 853 852
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 394.3 392.5 386.7 386.1 398 395 394 393 391 388
Nondurable goods..................... 7,337 7,280 7,210 7,170 7,385 7,326 7,302 7,275 7,267 7,219
Production workers................ 5,068 5,000 4,942 4,911 5,105 5,041 5,018 4,995 4,988 4,950
Food and kindred products........... 1,640.9 1,660.9 1,636.9 1,631.5 1,672 1,673 1,667 1,666 1,669 1,666
Tobacco products.................... 38.6 39.2 38.2 36.7 37 37 37 37 36 35
Textile mill products............... 546.4 525.6 518.1 510.8 549 536 530 525 521 513
Apparel and other textile products.. 660.7 624.2 616.8 611.6 665 633 630 625 626 615
Paper and allied products........... 661.2 656.9 651.6 646.3 663 660 657 656 653 648
Printing and publishing............. 1,546.7 1,562.1 1,552.0 1,544.8 1,550 1,559 1,557 1,554 1,555 1,548
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,028.8 1,021.6 1,018.4 1,016.7 1,031 1,023 1,024 1,022 1,023 1,019
Petroleum and coal products......... 127.8 126.4 123.9 124.6 132 131 130 128 128 129
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,010.6 992.5 984.1 978.0 1,010 1,001 998 991 986 977
Leather and leather products........ 75.3 71.0 69.7 68.6 76 73 72 71 70 69
Service-producing....................... 103,937 107,305 104,963 105,700 104,858 106,124 106,207 106,309 106,463 106,673
Transportation and public utilities... 6,873 7,147 7,019 7,028 6,937 7,046 7,060 7,086 7,077 7,105
Transportation...................... 4,424 4,641 4,518 4,524 4,479 4,549 4,563 4,581 4,571 4,593
Railroad transportation........... 222.2 216.0 213.4 212.2 225 219 220 217 216 216
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 505.2 515.4 509.4 514.4 494 498 500 500 500 503
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,786.7 1,852.3 1,814.0 1,810.7 1,828 1,843 1,839 1,847 1,850 1,853
Water transportation.............. 186.9 199.9 194.8 194.6 196 206 206 206 205 205
Transportation by air............. 1,247.6 1,367.5 1,301.3 1,305.6 1,259 1,297 1,310 1,321 1,312 1,327
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.4 12.5 12.4 12.3 12 12 13 12 12 12
Transportation services........... 462.7 477.6 473.0 474.3 465 474 475 478 476 477
Communications and public utilities. 2,449 2,506 2,501 2,504 2,458 2,497 2,497 2,505 2,506 2,512
Communications.................... 1,593.2 1,652.6 1,648.6 1,652.3 1,598 1,641 1,644 1,653 1,651 1,656
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 856.2 852.9 852.1 851.3 860 856 853 852 855 856
Wholesale trade....................... 6,965 7,097 7,022 7,022 7,011 7,087 7,093 7,085 7,074 7,071
Durable goods....................... 4,159 4,206 4,175 4,175 4,177 4,207 4,206 4,201 4,193 4,194
Nondurable goods.................... 2,806 2,891 2,847 2,847 2,834 2,880 2,887 2,884 2,881 2,877
Retail trade.......................... 22,440 23,914 22,872 22,722 22,978 23,193 23,238 23,245 23,250 23,287
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 965.1 1,002.7 965.4 958.6 1,020 1,022 1,020 1,019 1,016 1,013
General merchandise stores.......... 2,664.5 3,053.7 2,729.0 2,608.7 2,762 2,740 2,770 2,742 2,694 2,699
Department stores................. 2,329.6 2,660.3 2,377.1 2,268.4 2,417 2,389 2,419 2,411 2,354 2,357
Food stores......................... 3,471.8 3,587.8 3,520.6 3,506.5 3,503 3,519 3,516 3,523 3,537 3,544
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,366.5 2,416.7 2,395.0 2,399.1 2,394 2,431 2,430 2,428 2,425 2,429
New and used car dealers.......... 1,094.3 1,117.0 1,113.1 1,116.9 1,100 1,120 1,120 1,121 1,121 1,123
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,145.0 1,323.0 1,225.4 1,184.6 1,184 1,205 1,211 1,217 1,222 1,229
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,097.7 1,182.7 1,142.3 1,123.7 1,102 1,128 1,130 1,137 1,136 1,133
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,736.2 8,065.5 7,791.9 7,874.3 7,992 8,073 8,097 8,111 8,125 8,140
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,993.1 3,282.0 3,102.6 3,066.4 3,021 3,075 3,064 3,068 3,095 3,100
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,564 7,642 7,618 7,635 7,624 7,638 7,647 7,661 7,676 7,692
Finance............................. 3,707 3,748 3,742 3,754 3,717 3,737 3,739 3,747 3,751 3,762
Depository institutions........... 2,051.0 2,036.2 2,032.2 2,030.6 2,057 2,034 2,033 2,035 2,033 2,035
Commercial banks................ 1,464.5 1,446.5 1,442.2 1,440.3 1,469 1,446 1,445 1,445 1,443 1,443
Savings institutions............ 244.4 236.7 236.4 236.1 245 238 237 237 237 236
Nondepository institutions........ 697.9 690.3 690.5 698.6 699 689 690 689 692 700
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 336.0 321.5 323.2 328.4 338 324 323 321 325 330
Security and commodity brokers.... 719.2 772.1 771.7 774.3 723 766 768 773 776 778
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 238.4 249.4 247.8 250.2 238 248 248 250 250 249
Insurance........................... 2,366 2,363 2,360 2,365 2,373 2,355 2,362 2,362 2,366 2,372
Insurance carriers................ 1,600.9 1,586.0 1,585.1 1,589.0 1,606 1,581 1,587 1,585 1,589 1,594
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 765.3 776.9 774.8 775.6 767 774 775 777 777 778
Real estate......................... 1,491 1,531 1,516 1,516 1,534 1,546 1,546 1,552 1,559 1,558
Services2............................. 39,408 40,686 39,996 40,448 39,914 40,696 40,764 40,797 40,884 40,979
Agricultural services............... 676.6 749.2 697.9 697.6 796 806 810 810 825 823
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,771.6 1,860.7 1,834.4 1,850.6 1,868 1,924 1,939 1,948 1,948 1,956
Personal services................... 1,337.7 1,277.3 1,336.5 1,362.7 1,265 1,285 1,288 1,292 1,285 1,283
Business services................... 9,399.6 9,860.7 9,509.8 9,542.0 9,615 9,829 9,823 9,751 9,742 9,766
Services to buildings............. 986.2 1,002.3 998.9 1,004.0 1,000 1,000 1,004 1,009 1,014 1,017
Personnel supply services......... 3,593.0 3,839.0 3,522.4 3,511.0 3,773 3,861 3,845 3,744 3,698 3,695
Help supply services............ 3,208.3 3,403.2 3,111.1 3,101.7 3,382 3,432 3,413 3,338 3,282 3,285
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,906.2 1,995.9 1,999.8 2,016.6 1,906 1,966 1,982 1,996 2,000 2,015
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,191.4 1,211.2 1,215.4 1,222.0 1,195 1,206 1,206 1,215 1,227 1,225
Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.7 383.4 378.7 378.3 384 386 386 383 384 383
Motion pictures..................... 623.4 641.2 631.4 634.6 623 630 631 639 640 636
Amusement and recreation services... 1,517.2 1,605.4 1,551.3 1,586.8 1,723 1,791 1,793 1,787 1,807 1,806
Health services..................... 10050.9 10245.8 10235.9 10261.8 10,078 10,191 10,208 10,229 10,258 10,286
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,907.6 1,964.7 1,964.6 1,966.1 1,914 1,950 1,953 1,960 1,967 1,972
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,783.6 1,799.6 1,796.1 1,800.8 1,790 1,793 1,793 1,796 1,801 1,805
Hospitals......................... 3,995.8 4,056.9 4,059.0 4,066.8 4,002 4,032 4,045 4,053 4,061 4,072
Home health care services......... 635.6 643.6 637.0 638.2 639 645 644 642 644 642
Legal services...................... 1,000.8 1,017.3 1,013.5 1,015.5 1,007 1,016 1,014 1,015 1,018 1,021
Educational services................ 2,443.3 2,518.6 2,327.2 2,542.6 2,309 2,357 2,365 2,389 2,391 2,411
Social services..................... 2,911.3 3,060.2 3,043.6 3,080.2 2,912 3,019 3,032 3,054 3,062 3,077
Child day care services........... 754.5 807.8 805.1 818.6 740 784 787 792 796 802
Residential care.................. 803.7 844.6 843.6 847.7 807 838 840 845 849 851
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 91.2 101.2 94.9 96.4 100 103 104 104 104 105
Membership organizations............ 2,417.4 2,437.5 2,413.8 2,430.0 2,439 2,446 2,450 2,450 2,450 2,450
Engineering and management services. 3,350.3 3,471.3 3,467.4 3,501.4 3,354 3,463 3,471 3,486 3,498 3,505
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 971.8 1,017.6 1,015.5 1,018.7 984 1,015 1,015 1,021 1,029 1,033
Management and public relations... 1,069.8 1,138.2 1,129.5 1,133.7 1,077 1,129 1,137 1,139 1,144 1,143
Services, nec....................... 53.3 52.7 52.4 53.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,687 20,819 20,436 20,845 20,394 20,464 20,405 20,435 20,502 20,539
Federal............................. 2,688 2,601 2,596 2,602 2,700 2,625 2,615 2,566 2,614 2,616
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,827.3 1,737.9 1,737.7 1,745.7 1,835 1,762 1,760 1,753 1,753 1,753
State............................... 4,822 4,858 4,678 4,862 4,728 4,755 4,748 4,769 4,762 4,771
Education......................... 2,095.5 2,106.5 1,924.5 2,103.2 1,981 1,988 1,977 1,990 1,982 1,989
Other State government............ 2,726.1 2,751.4 2,753.1 2,758.5 2,747 2,767 2,771 2,779 2,780 2,782
Local............................... 13,177 13,360 13,162 13,381 12,966 13,084 13,042 13,100 13,126 13,152
Education......................... 7,693.3 7,740.3 7,571.3 7,773.1 7,355 7,391 7,377 7,387 7,400 7,416
Other local government............ 5,484.0 5,619.4 5,590.4 5,607.4 5,611 5,693 5,665 5,713 5,726 5,736
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2000 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.2 34.2 33.9 33.9 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.1 34.3 34.2
Goods-producing......................... 40.8 40.3 40.0 39.5 41.3 40.9 40.5 39.8 40.4 39.9
Mining................................ 44.1 44.9 44.8 45.0 44.7 45.6 44.9 44.6 45.3 45.3
Construction.......................... 38.7 37.7 37.7 37.2 39.7 39.3 38.5 37.9 38.9 38.0
Manufacturing......................... 41.5 41.2 40.7 40.3 41.8 41.4 41.2 40.4 40.9 40.6
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.7 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.1 3.8
Durable goods........................ 42.1 41.6 41.0 40.6 42.3 41.9 41.7 40.7 41.1 40.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.9 4.6 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.7
Lumber and wood products............ 40.4 40.0 39.3 39.3 41.0 40.6 40.6 39.8 39.7 40.2
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.8 40.0 38.9 38.4 40.3 39.7 39.4 38.8 39.0 39.1
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.4 41.9 41.0 40.6 43.5 43.2 42.7 41.7 42.2 41.6
Primary metal industries............ 44.4 43.3 42.6 42.1 44.5 43.8 43.6 42.5 42.5 42.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 45.3 43.5 42.7 42.4 45.4 44.2 44.1 43.2 42.7 42.5
Fabricated metal products........... 42.2 41.7 41.3 41.0 42.4 42.1 41.7 40.6 41.4 41.3
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.4 42.2 41.9 41.3 42.3 42.1 42.0 41.2 41.8 41.3
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.5 41.5 40.7 40.1 41.6 41.2 40.9 40.4 40.7 40.3
Transportation equipment............ 43.9 42.2 41.5 41.0 44.0 43.1 42.9 40.8 41.6 41.1
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.0 41.8 40.9 40.4 45.0 44.0 43.2 40.1 41.0 40.3
Instruments and related products.... 41.3 41.3 40.9 41.0 41.2 41.2 41.0 40.4 40.8 40.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.3 39.5 38.9 39.0 39.5 39.3 39.1 38.8 39.3 39.2
Nondurable goods..................... 40.6 40.7 40.2 39.8 41.0 40.6 40.4 40.0 40.5 40.1
Overtime hours.................... 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9
Food and kindred products........... 40.9 41.5 40.9 39.9 41.6 41.4 41.2 40.7 41.2 40.7
Tobacco products.................... 39.2 39.9 37.6 37.4 40.6 38.9 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.6
Textile mill products............... 41.3 41.0 40.4 39.7 41.7 40.9 40.5 40.5 40.4 39.8
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 36.8 36.2 36.1 37.7 36.9 36.8 36.3 36.6 36.1
Paper and allied products........... 43.0 42.8 42.7 42.0 43.5 42.5 42.6 41.9 42.6 42.4
Printing and publishing............. 38.0 38.3 37.7 37.6 38.3 38.2 38.0 37.7 38.1 37.9
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.5 43.2 42.7 42.5 42.7 43.0 42.6 42.4 42.9 42.7
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.4 44.2 46.2 46.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 41.0 40.7 40.3 41.6 41.1 41.0 40.1 40.9 40.4
Leather and leather products........ 37.7 37.5 37.3 36.9 38.1 37.4 38.1 37.1 38.0 37.1
Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.7 32.4 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.1 38.6 38.1 38.3 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.7 38.6 38.5
Wholesale trade....................... 38.1 38.4 38.0 38.1 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.4
Retail trade.......................... 28.5 28.9 28.2 28.4 29.1 28.8 28.9 28.7 29.1 28.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.1 35.9 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.1 36.2
Services.............................. 32.6 32.5 32.3 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2000 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.58 $14.03 $14.09 $14.15 $464.44 $479.83 $477.65 $479.69
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.54 14.02 14.03 14.10 468.48 478.08 481.23 482.22
Goods-producing......................... 15.07 15.67 15.61 15.64 614.86 631.50 624.40 617.78
Mining................................ 17.20 17.17 17.22 17.13 758.52 770.93 771.46 770.85
Construction.......................... 17.42 18.21 18.20 18.22 674.15 686.52 686.14 677.78
Manufacturing......................... 14.19 14.68 14.61 14.65 588.89 604.82 594.63 590.40
Durable goods........................ 14.73 15.26 15.15 15.19 620.13 634.82 621.15 616.71
Lumber and wood products............ 11.63 11.96 11.94 11.96 469.85 478.40 469.24 470.03
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.51 12.01 11.99 12.05 458.10 480.40 466.41 462.72
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.96 14.50 14.48 14.51 591.90 607.55 593.68 589.11
Primary metal industries............ 16.28 16.64 16.65 16.56 722.83 720.51 709.29 697.18
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.32 19.22 19.50 19.16 875.20 836.07 832.65 812.38
Fabricated metal products........... 13.67 14.12 14.09 14.11 576.87 588.80 581.92 578.51
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.40 16.04 15.99 15.94 652.96 676.89 669.98 658.32
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.72 14.05 14.03 14.10 569.38 583.08 571.02 565.41
Transportation equipment............ 18.58 19.70 19.28 19.43 815.66 831.34 800.12 796.63
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.03 20.36 19.75 19.95 856.35 851.05 807.78 805.98
Instruments and related products.... 14.41 15.06 14.92 14.97 595.13 621.98 610.23 613.77
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.53 11.91 11.90 11.91 453.13 470.45 462.91 464.49
Nondurable goods..................... 13.36 13.80 13.79 13.82 542.42 561.66 554.36 550.04
Food and kindred products........... 12.23 12.66 12.64 12.60 500.21 525.39 516.98 502.74
Tobacco products.................... 17.48 18.54 18.28 18.77 685.22 739.75 687.33 702.00
Textile mill products............... 10.85 11.02 11.04 11.04 448.11 451.82 446.02 438.29
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.03 9.21 9.24 9.23 339.53 338.93 334.49 333.20
Paper and allied products........... 15.99 16.54 16.45 16.36 687.57 707.91 702.42 687.12
Printing and publishing............. 14.13 14.58 14.55 14.59 536.94 558.41 548.54 548.58
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.67 18.33 18.24 18.46 750.98 791.86 778.85 784.55
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.03 21.68 21.64 22.10 956.10 958.26 999.77 1027.65
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.57 13.03 13.05 13.03 520.40 534.23 531.14 525.11
Leather and leather products........ 9.96 10.22 10.28 10.21 375.49 383.25 383.44 376.75
Service-producing....................... 13.11 13.54 13.64 13.71 427.39 442.76 441.94 446.95
Transportation and public utilities... 16.05 16.53 16.59 16.68 611.51 638.06 632.08 638.84
Wholesale trade....................... 14.91 15.59 15.54 15.59 568.07 598.66 590.52 593.98
Retail trade.......................... 9.35 9.65 9.68 9.68 266.48 278.89 272.98 274.91
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.93 15.32 15.46 15.64 538.97 553.05 555.01 566.17
Services.............................. 13.77 14.29 14.36 14.42 448.90 464.43 463.83 468.65
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change
Industry 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001p 2001p from:
Jan. 2001-
Feb. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.54 $13.88 $13.96 $14.02 $14.03 $14.10 0.5
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.89 7.91 7.93 7.90 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.20 15.57 15.66 15.63 15.70 15.75 .3
Mining...................... 17.14 17.08 17.13 17.08 17.01 17.00 -.1
Construction................ 17.60 18.00 18.20 18.14 18.32 18.32 .0
Manufacturing............... 14.21 14.56 14.63 14.60 14.58 14.67 .6
Excluding overtime4....... 13.45 13.81 13.90 13.93 13.89 14.00 .8
Service-producing............. 13.01 13.36 13.44 13.53 13.52 13.61 .7
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.00 16.38 16.42 16.51 16.54 16.66 .7
Wholesale trade............. 14.89 15.36 15.46 15.57 15.48 15.57 .6
Retail trade................ 9.32 9.56 9.60 9.66 9.61 9.65 .4
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.87 15.18 15.27 15.34 15.44 15.58 .9
Services.................... 13.66 14.00 14.12 14.20 14.22 14.31 .6
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.4 percent from December 2000 to January 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2000 2000 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 146.4 151.8 146.5 147.0 150.6 151.6 151.5 150.6 151.8 151.0
Goods-producing......................... 112.5 113.3 109.7 108.0 117.5 116.1 114.7 112.2 114.6 112.5
Mining................................ 49.1 51.1 50.3 50.3 51.0 52.2 51.1 50.6 52.1 51.9
Construction.......................... 163.2 173.7 165.8 163.2 186.0 186.4 181.4 178.1 188.6 183.2
Manufacturing......................... 105.8 104.2 101.5 99.8 107.0 105.0 104.3 101.9 102.5 101.1
Durable goods........................ 111.2 109.4 106.1 104.6 112.1 110.2 109.7 106.7 107.0 105.7
Lumber and wood products............ 143.0 138.0 133.0 131.8 147.6 142.3 141.3 137.6 136.4 137.7
Furniture and fixtures.............. 137.7 137.3 131.9 128.8 139.4 137.0 135.6 132.6 132.7 131.2
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 108.8 108.7 104.0 102.4 115.7 114.6 112.8 108.7 111.2 108.9
Primary metal industries............ 92.1 88.1 85.7 83.9 92.3 90.0 89.4 86.2 85.4 83.8
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.6 67.3 65.1 64.4 72.1 69.0 68.9 66.7 65.2 64.9
Fabricated metal products........... 120.1 119.4 116.7 114.4 120.7 120.6 119.6 116.0 116.9 115.4
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 106.0 105.3 104.5 102.2 105.4 104.6 104.4 102.6 104.0 101.9
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 107.1 110.3 106.8 104.8 107.5 108.2 108.0 107.1 107.1 105.1
Transportation equipment............ 126.8 118.0 111.7 111.3 127.0 120.9 120.4 113.7 112.6 111.6
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 170.8 151.9 140.7 140.8 170.9 161.0 157.0 144.4 141.3 140.2
Instruments and related products.... 74.6 74.5 73.6 74.3 74.3 73.6 73.8 72.9 73.6 74.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 100.5 99.1 95.8 96.0 102.2 99.5 99.0 97.9 98.4 97.4
Nondurable goods..................... 98.3 97.2 95.0 93.3 100.0 97.9 97.0 95.4 96.5 94.8
Food and kindred products........... 112.6 115.9 112.7 109.5 117.0 116.6 115.6 114.2 116.1 114.4
Tobacco products.................... 53.6 53.1 49.0 46.3 52.3 48.2 47.8 47.8 45.8 44.0
Textile mill products............... 79.2 75.5 73.3 70.9 80.2 77.2 75.4 74.7 73.7 71.4
Apparel and other textile products.. 57.9 53.5 52.1 51.6 58.5 54.5 54.0 52.8 53.7 51.8
Paper and allied products........... 105.1 103.8 103.0 100.6 106.7 103.6 103.4 101.3 102.8 101.7
Printing and publishing............. 120.8 123.2 119.9 118.5 122.0 122.8 121.5 120.2 121.5 120.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 102.2 101.4 99.5 98.8 102.6 101.0 100.3 99.4 100.1 99.3
Petroleum and coal products......... 63.1 57.9 59.1 60.5 66.3 62.0 61.0 58.2 62.5 64.1
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.8 142.6 140.2 138.3 148.3 144.5 143.6 139.3 141.0 138.2
Leather and leather products........ 31.9 30.2 29.2 28.6 32.8 30.5 31.0 29.6 29.8 29.1
Service-producing....................... 161.6 169.0 162.9 164.6 165.5 167.6 168.0 167.9 168.4 168.3
Transportation and public utilities... 132.9 141.4 136.8 137.4 134.7 139.2 139.2 140.4 140.0 139.7
Wholesale trade....................... 129.6 133.2 130.1 130.4 132.1 133.3 134.0 133.2 133.3 132.7
Retail trade.......................... 138.4 149.9 139.4 138.9 144.9 144.6 145.4 144.4 146.3 145.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.5 139.3 138.4 139.6 138.8 139.5 139.8 140.3 140.3 141.2
Services.............................. 203.2 209.8 204.3 208.2 206.7 210.5 210.9 211.0 211.0 211.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 53.7 55.2 50.6 53.4
2001.............. p52.1 p47.2
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 58.4 50.8 52.1 52.9 p52.8
2001.............. p50.0
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 56.0 54.4 57.2 54.5 p51.8 p49.7
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 63.8 60.8 59.8 57.9 55.2 p54.4 p52.9
2001..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 38.8 45.7 42.8 40.6
2001.............. p38.5 p28.1
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 36.3 28.8 35.3 36.0 p32.0
2001.............. p24.1
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 38.1 33.5 35.3 29.9 p25.2 p22.3
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 44.6 39.2 39.2 34.2 29.9 p28.4 p24.5
2001..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: April 06, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_feb2001.htm
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