Technical information: USDL 00-34
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 4, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2000
Employment rose in January, and the unemployment rate was essentially
unchanged at 4.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by
387,000. There were sharp increases in construction and in other weather-
sensitive industries, due, at least in part, to unseasonably mild weather
during the survey reference period. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents
in January and by 3.5 percent over the year.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was unchanged in January at 5.7 million,
and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 4.0 percent. The jobless
rate has been below 4.2 percent since October.
Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (3.3 percent),
adult women (3.7 percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent),
blacks (8.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no change
over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons in the civilian labor force grew by 925,000 to 140.9
million in January, after adjustment for the effect of revisions to
population controls. Total employment rose by roughly the same amount to
135.2 million. (See table A; also see the note on page 5.) The labor force
participation rate increased 0.4 percentage point to 67.5 percent--a record
high. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age
16 and older with jobs--rose from 64.4 percent in December to 64.8 percent in
January, also a record. (See table A-1.)
About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job
in January. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total
employed, compared with 6.0 percent in January 1999. (See table A-10.)
------------------------------------------------------------
| Beginning in January 2000, household data reflect |
| revised population controls. Additional information on |
| the revisions appears on page 5. Also, this release |
| introduces a monthly seasonally adjusted series on persons|
| not in the labor force who currently want a job, which |
| appears in table A-1. Not seasonally adjusted series for |
| persons not in the labor force continue to appear in table|
| A-10. |
------------------------------------------------------------
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
____________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Dec.-
Category | 1999 | 1999 | 2000 | Jan.
|_________________|_________________|________|change1/
| III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 139,394| 139,880| 139,834| 140,108| 140,910| 925
Employment.........| 133,526| 134,153| 134,098| 134,420| 135,221| 918
Unemployment.......| 5,868| 5,727| 5,736| 5,688| 5,689| 7
Not in labor force....| 68,650| 68,780| 68,832| 68,724| 67,872| -758
|________|________|________|________|________|________
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.2| 4.1| 4.1| 4.1| 4.0| -0.1
Adult men...........| 3.5| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.3| .0
Adult women.........| 3.8| 3.6| 3.6| 3.6| 3.7| .1
Teenagers...........| 13.8| 13.8| 14.0| 13.8| 12.6| -1.2
White...............| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| -.1
Black...............| 8.2| 8.1| 8.0| 7.9| 8.2| .3
Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 6.1| 6.1| 5.9| 5.6| -.3
|________|________|________|________|________|________
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 128,936|p129,609| 129,589|p129,905|p130,292| p387
Goods-producing 2/..| 25,194| p25,243| 25,257| p25,275| p25,406| p131
Construction......| 6,270| p6,358| 6,369| p6,391| p6,507| p116
Manufacturing.....| 18,398| p18,357| 18,361| p18,355| p18,368| p13
Service-producing 2/| 103,743|p104,365| 104,332|p104,630|p104,886| p256
Retail trade......| 22,884| p22,925| 22,902| p22,981| p23,024| p43
Services..........| 39,172| p39,549| 39,554| p39,659| p39,811| p152
Government........| 20,194| p20,276| 20,269| p20,321| p20,356| p35
|________|________|________|________|________|________
| Hours of work 3/
|_____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| p34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.6| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.8| p41.7| 41.7| p41.6| p41.7| p.1
Overtime..........| 4.7| p4.7| 4.6| p4.7| p4.6| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/
|_____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 148.3| p149.1| 149.2| p149.3| p150.2| p0.9
|________|________|________|________|________|________
| Earnings 3/
|_____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private......| $13.31| p$13.41| $13.40| p$13.44| p$13.50| p$0.06
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 458.64| p462.65| 462.30| p463.68| p467.10| p3.42
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1/ Changes for household data levels reflect an adjustment to remove
the effect of revisions to population controls. See the note on page 5.
2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in
January totaled 1.2 million (not seasonally adjusted). These people wanted
and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior
12 months. They are not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for employment in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers was 234,000 in January, down from 339,000 a year earlier. These
people, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for
work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.
(See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 387,000 in January to 130.3
million, seasonally adjusted. In January, large job gains in construction
and services were accompanied by a small increase in manufacturing employment.
(See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment rose by 116,000
in January, after seasonal adjustment. This increase reflects, in part,
unseasonably mild weather across the country during the survey reference
period. The gains within construction were widespread, but the largest were
in those industries most influenced by the weather--heavy construction and
the concrete, masonry, and roofing trades.
Manufacturing added 13,000 jobs in January, following 2 months with almost
no change. Factory employment had been on a clear downward trend from the
spring of 1998 through mid-1999, but job losses moderated during the second
half of 1999. In January, the largest employment increases within manu-
facturing occurred in electrical equipment and in motor vehicles (8,000 each).
Several construction-related manufacturing industries, such as plywood,
concrete, and fabricated structural metals, also had employment increases.
Partially offsetting the job gains were continued declines in industrial
machinery, aircraft, textiles, and apparel.
Within the mining industry, employment in oil and gas extraction continued
its recent slow improvement. Oil and gas extraction has added 9,000 jobs
since August; it had lost 68,000 jobs from March 1998 to June 1999.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
grew by 152,000 in January, above the average monthly gain for 1999
(121,000). In January, business services added 63,000 jobs. Within
business services, computer and data processing services employment
increased by 22,000, following 4 consecutive months of below-average gains.
Agricultural services, including landscaping, posted a large job gain,
perhaps reflecting the relatively mild weather during the survey reference
period. Following a decline in December, employment in amusement and
recreation services grew by 29,000. Health services and social services both
experienced above-average gains in January, adding 23,000 and 21,000 jobs,
respectively. Employment in hotels declined sharply over the month.
Retail trade added 43,000 jobs in January. Job gains occurred in
miscellaneous retail establishments (20,000), apparel and accessory stores
(16,000), and automotive dealers and service stations (13,000), but there
was a sizable employment decline in department stores (-33,000). Employment
in wholesale trade rose by 19,000 over the month.
- 4 -
Transportation and public utilities added 16,000 jobs in January, mainly
in transportation. Job growth was above average in air transportation and in
local and interurban transit.
The federal government added 20,000 jobs over the month; temporary
workers hired for the decennial census accounted for 11,000 jobs.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate declined in January.
Among the component industries, only securities brokerages and real estate
added jobs over the month. Within finance, the largest decline was in
mortgage brokerages (-7,000), where 23,000 jobs have been lost since May.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in January to 34.6 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also was up by 0.1 hour to 41.7 hours.
Manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.6 percent to 150.2
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by
0.5 percent to 106.2. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents in January to $13.50, seasonally
adjusted. Following gains of 13 cents in each of the first 2 quarters of
1999, average hourly earnings growth was 11 cents in the third quarter, and
9 cents in the fourth quarter (as revised). Over the month, average weekly
earnings rose by 0.7 percent to $467.10, seasonally adjusted. Over the year,
both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.5 percent.
(See table B-3.)
__________________________
The Employment Situation for February 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, March 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
- 5 -
Revisions to Population Estimates for the Household Survey
Effective with the release of data for January 2000, revised population
controls, primarily reflecting updated information on immigration, have
been introduced into the household survey. The revised controls resulted
in a decrease in the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and over.
Official population and labor force estimates for December 1999 and
earlier months will not be revised. To assess the impact of the revised
population controls on trend growth, however, December estimates for
selected data series were recalculated using the new controls, and the
differences from estimates based on the old controls are shown below. The
population revisions decreased the estimated size of the civilian labor force
by 123,000 and of employment by 117,000; the revisions had a negligible impact
on unemployment rates and other percentage estimates. An article describing
the population revisions and their effect on national labor force estimates
will appear in the February 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effect of the revised population controls on December 1999 estimates, by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category | Total | Men | Women| White| Black| Hispanic
| | | | | | origin
----------------------------|-------|------|------|------|------|---------
Civilian noninstitutional | | | | | |
population................ | -217 | -84 | -134 | -116 | -39 | -26
Civilian labor force.....| -123 | -53 | -71 | -63 | -21 | -15
Employed...............| -117 | -50 | -67 | -59 | -20 | -13
Unemployed....... ....| -6 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -1 | -2
Unemployment rate.....| .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Detail for men and women may not sum to totals because of
rounding. Detail for the race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
- 5 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999,
the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 8 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-5886; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 206,719 208,832 208,782 206,719 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782
Civilian labor force............................ 137,943 139,941 139,621 139,232 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910
Participation rate........................ 66.7 67.0 66.9 67.4 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.1 67.5
Employed...................................... 131,339 134,696 133,357 133,225 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221
Employment-population ratio............... 63.5 64.5 63.9 64.4 64.2 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.8
Agriculture................................. 2,911 2,979 2,959 3,297 3,179 3,238 3,310 3,279 3,371
Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,428 131,717 130,398 129,928 130,471 130,702 130,788 131,141 131,850
Unemployed.................................... 6,604 5,245 6,264 6,007 5,825 5,757 5,736 5,688 5,689
Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
Not in labor force.............................. 68,776 68,891 69,161 67,487 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,800 4,045 4,354 4,693 4,352 4,331 4,429 4,467 4,252
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,198 100,264 100,266 99,198 99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266
Civilian labor force............................ 73,636 74,631 74,414 74,506 74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304
Participation rate........................ 74.2 74.4 74.2 75.1 74.7 74.6 74.6 74.7 75.1
Employed...................................... 69,992 71,699 70,981 71,368 71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358
Employment-population ratio............... 70.6 71.5 70.8 71.9 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.7 72.2
Unemployed.................................... 3,644 2,932 3,433 3,138 3,013 3,057 2,996 3,003 2,946
Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,124 92,052 92,057 91,124 91,793 91,896 91,986 92,052 92,057
Civilian labor force............................ 69,687 70,460 70,394 70,202 70,328 70,339 70,388 70,529 70,917
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.5 76.5 77.0 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.6 77.0
Employed...................................... 66,780 68,125 67,607 67,771 67,943 67,898 68,037 68,197 68,585
Employment-population ratio............... 73.3 74.0 73.4 74.4 74.0 73.9 74.0 74.1 74.5
Agriculture................................. 2,060 2,047 2,054 2,304 2,189 2,206 2,262 2,227 2,303
Nonagricultural industries.................. 64,720 66,077 65,553 65,467 65,754 65,692 65,775 65,970 66,282
Unemployed.................................... 2,908 2,335 2,787 2,431 2,385 2,441 2,351 2,332 2,332
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,521 108,569 108,516 107,521 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516
Civilian labor force............................ 64,307 65,309 65,208 64,726 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606
Participation rate........................ 59.8 60.2 60.1 60.2 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.5
Employed...................................... 61,347 62,997 62,376 61,857 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863
Employment-population ratio............... 57.1 58.0 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 2,960 2,313 2,832 2,869 2,812 2,700 2,740 2,685 2,743
Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,686 100,666 100,579 99,686 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579
Civilian labor force............................ 60,547 61,426 61,455 60,691 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576
Participation rate........................ 60.7 61.0 61.1 60.9 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.7 61.2
Employed...................................... 58,100 59,491 59,030 58,373 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280
Employment-population ratio............... 58.3 59.1 58.7 58.6 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.9
Agriculture................................. 729 740 752 802 778 800 768 791 826
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,370 58,751 58,278 57,571 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454
Unemployed.................................... 2,447 1,935 2,425 2,318 2,230 2,155 2,214 2,196 2,297
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,909 16,114 16,147 15,909 16,086 16,129 16,107 16,114 16,147
Civilian labor force............................ 7,709 8,056 7,772 8,339 8,287 8,403 8,394 8,425 8,416
Participation rate........................ 48.5 50.0 48.1 52.4 51.5 52.1 52.1 52.3 52.1
Employed...................................... 6,460 7,081 6,720 7,081 7,077 7,242 7,223 7,265 7,356
Employment-population ratio............... 40.6 43.9 41.6 44.5 44.0 44.9 44.8 45.1 45.6
Agriculture................................. 122 193 153 191 212 232 280 261 242
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,338 6,888 6,566 6,890 6,865 7,010 6,943 7,004 7,114
Unemployed.................................... 1,249 975 1,052 1,258 1,210 1,161 1,171 1,160 1,060
Unemployment rate......................... 16.2 12.1 13.5 15.1 14.6 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,394 173,821 173,812 172,394 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812
Civilian labor force............................ 115,425 116,896 116,756 116,356 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716
Participation rate.......................... 67.0 67.3 67.2 67.5 67.2 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.7
Employed...................................... 110,414 113,116 112,160 111,978 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704
Employment-population ratio................. 64.0 65.1 64.5 65.0 64.8 64.8 64.8 65.0 65.4
Unemployed.................................... 5,011 3,781 4,596 4,378 4,192 4,106 4,092 4,057 4,011
Unemployment rate........................... 4.3 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,306 59,843 59,795 59,651 59,841 59,777 59,761 59,889 60,179
Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.9 76.8 77.4 77.1 77.0 76.9 77.0 77.3
Employed...................................... 57,051 58,140 57,726 57,811 58,102 58,043 58,067 58,221 58,487
Employment-population ratio................. 74.0 74.7 74.2 75.0 74.9 74.7 74.7 74.8 75.2
Unemployed.................................... 2,254 1,703 2,069 1,840 1,739 1,734 1,694 1,668 1,693
Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,594 50,277 50,327 49,683 49,593 49,733 49,814 50,011 50,404
Participation rate.......................... 60.0 60.4 60.4 60.1 59.7 59.8 59.9 60.1 60.5
Employed...................................... 47,773 48,930 48,613 48,037 48,010 48,203 48,273 48,486 48,857
Employment-population ratio................. 57.8 58.8 58.4 58.1 57.8 58.0 58.0 58.2 58.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,821 1,347 1,714 1,646 1,583 1,530 1,541 1,525 1,547
Unemployment rate........................... 3.7 2.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,526 6,776 6,634 7,022 7,061 7,144 7,128 7,108 7,132
Participation rate.......................... 51.7 53.2 52.1 55.6 55.4 56.1 56.0 55.8 56.0
Employed...................................... 5,590 6,046 5,820 6,130 6,191 6,302 6,271 6,244 6,360
Employment-population ratio................. 44.3 47.5 45.7 48.6 48.6 49.5 49.2 49.0 50.0
Unemployed.................................... 935 730 814 892 870 842 857 864 772
Unemployment rate........................... 14.3 10.8 12.3 12.7 12.3 11.8 12.0 12.2 10.8
Men....................................... 16.2 12.8 14.7 13.8 12.7 11.9 12.8 13.3 12.4
Women..................................... 12.4 8.6 9.7 11.5 11.9 11.7 11.2 10.9 9.1
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,665 25,051 25,047 24,665 24,946 24,985 25,019 25,051 25,047
Civilian labor force............................ 16,101 16,488 16,392 16,337 16,474 16,489 16,508 16,513 16,622
Participation rate.......................... 65.3 65.8 65.4 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.4
Employed...................................... 14,835 15,302 15,033 15,056 15,114 15,124 15,187 15,204 15,254
Employment-population ratio................. 60.1 61.1 60.0 61.0 60.6 60.5 60.7 60.7 60.9
Unemployed.................................... 1,267 1,186 1,359 1,281 1,360 1,365 1,321 1,309 1,368
Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 7.2 8.3 7.8 8.3 8.3 8.0 7.9 8.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,098 7,257 7,285 7,208 7,205 7,281 7,277 7,273 7,386
Participation rate.......................... 72.1 72.4 72.7 73.3 72.3 72.9 72.8 72.6 73.7
Employed...................................... 6,619 6,758 6,688 6,769 6,696 6,717 6,767 6,766 6,839
Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 67.5 66.7 68.8 67.2 67.3 67.7 67.5 68.2
Unemployed.................................... 479 499 597 439 509 564 510 507 547
Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 6.9 8.2 6.1 7.1 7.7 7.0 7.0 7.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,087 8,293 8,286 8,110 8,316 8,252 8,305 8,260 8,315
Participation rate.......................... 65.4 66.1 66.0 65.6 66.5 65.9 66.3 65.8 66.3
Employed...................................... 7,556 7,807 7,707 7,563 7,759 7,745 7,757 7,706 7,715
Employment-population ratio................. 61.2 62.2 61.4 61.2 62.1 61.9 61.9 61.4 61.5
Unemployed.................................... 530 486 578 547 557 507 548 554 600
Unemployment rate........................... 6.6 5.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.6 6.7 7.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 917 938 822 1,019 953 956 926 980 921
Participation rate.......................... 37.1 37.8 33.2 41.3 38.4 38.5 37.3 39.5 37.2
Employed...................................... 660 737 638 724 659 662 663 732 701
Employment-population ratio................. 26.7 29.7 25.7 29.3 26.5 26.7 26.7 29.5 28.3
Unemployed.................................... 257 201 184 295 294 294 263 248 220
Unemployment rate........................... 28.1 21.4 22.4 28.9 30.8 30.8 28.4 25.3 23.9
Men....................................... 35.6 25.2 25.5 33.3 30.3 35.3 31.0 27.5 24.0
Women..................................... 20.6 17.6 19.3 24.5 31.4 26.1 25.9 23.0 23.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,296 22,008 22,047 21,296 21,820 21,881 21,947 22,008 22,047
Civilian labor force............................ 14,358 14,965 15,142 14,448 14,766 14,809 14,887 14,984 15,251
Participation rate.......................... 67.4 68.0 68.7 67.8 67.7 67.7 67.8 68.1 69.2
Employed...................................... 13,293 14,112 14,208 13,473 13,795 13,879 13,979 14,095 14,395
Employment-population ratio................. 62.4 64.1 64.4 63.3 63.2 63.4 63.7 64.0 65.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,065 853 934 975 971 930 908 889 856
Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 5.7 6.2 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,901 28,144 27,995 28,901 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995
Civilian labor force.................... 12,463 11,963 12,013 12,339 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895
Percent of population............... 43.1 42.5 42.9 42.7 42.5 43.2 43.0 42.5 42.5
Employed.............................. 11,391 11,236 11,061 11,447 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106
Employment-population ratio......... 39.4 39.9 39.5 39.6 39.6 40.4 40.2 39.9 39.7
Unemployed............................ 1,073 727 951 892 824 800 785 713 789
Unemployment rate................... 8.6 6.1 7.9 7.2 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.0 6.6
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,477 57,590 57,768 57,477 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768
Civilian labor force.................... 37,472 37,534 37,676 37,441 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617
Percent of population............... 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.1 64.7 64.7 65.2 64.9 65.1
Employed.............................. 35,928 36,248 36,160 36,112 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305
Employment-population ratio......... 62.5 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.4 62.6 63.1 62.6 62.8
Unemployed............................ 1,545 1,286 1,516 1,329 1,309 1,206 1,226 1,291 1,311
Unemployment rate................... 4.1 3.4 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,154 44,069 43,689 43,154 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689
Civilian labor force.................... 31,990 32,544 32,106 32,273 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397
Percent of population............... 74.1 73.8 73.5 74.8 74.8 73.5 73.3 73.5 74.2
Employed.............................. 30,966 31,788 31,185 31,347 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564
Employment-population ratio......... 71.8 72.1 71.4 72.6 72.8 71.6 71.3 71.7 72.2
Unemployed............................ 1,023 756 921 926 871 873 868 818 833
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,516 44,821 45,058 43,516 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058
Civilian labor force.................... 34,914 35,852 36,087 35,023 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205
Percent of population............... 80.2 80.0 80.1 80.5 79.2 79.4 79.5 79.9 80.4
Employed.............................. 34,257 35,287 35,398 34,389 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540
Employment-population ratio......... 78.7 78.7 78.6 79.0 77.9 78.0 78.1 78.5 78.9
Unemployed............................ 657 565 689 634 610 615 609 638 665
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,339 134,696 133,357 133,225 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,107 43,531 43,644 43,440 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951
Married women, spouse present................... 33,416 34,221 34,064 33,526 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166
Women who maintain families..................... 7,947 8,302 8,211 8,089 8,312 8,398 8,526 8,375 8,362
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 39,754 41,038 40,780 39,893 40,784 40,718 40,363 40,800 40,924
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,419 39,560 39,257 38,762 38,634 39,023 39,283 39,311 39,614
Service occupations............................. 17,690 17,582 17,829 18,029 17,876 17,694 17,633 17,706 18,155
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,471 14,988 14,435 14,663 14,659 14,836 14,903 14,940 14,610
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,109 18,546 18,057 18,444 18,227 18,340 18,476 18,299 18,385
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,895 2,981 2,999 3,440 3,365 3,365 3,407 3,367 3,574
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,703 1,822 1,755 1,962 1,930 1,936 2,049 2,018 2,024
Self-employed workers......................... 1,181 1,127 1,172 1,324 1,198 1,267 1,216 1,211 1,320
Unpaid family workers......................... 27 31 32 31 40 42 41 36 38
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 119,627 123,053 121,652 120,777 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823
Government.................................. 19,121 19,169 19,317 18,829 19,080 18,817 18,902 18,959 19,013
Private industries.......................... 100,505 103,885 102,335 101,948 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810
Private households........................ 850 972 905 895 1,035 939 944 948 952
Other industries.......................... 99,655 102,912 101,430 101,053 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858
Self-employed workers......................... 8,680 8,566 8,643 8,840 8,791 8,833 8,686 8,662 8,802
Unpaid family workers......................... 121 97 102 110 100 101 108 98 92
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,815 3,332 3,535 3,489 3,283 3,179 3,274 3,320 3,219
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,428 2,017 2,250 2,051 1,922 1,928 1,930 1,951 1,893
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,056 974 953 1,122 1,073 993 1,032 1,025 1,012
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,836 19,662 19,153 18,589 18,801 18,799 18,651 18,618 18,889
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,645 3,129 3,355 3,341 3,112 2,983 3,105 3,157 3,066
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,305 1,891 2,140 1,948 1,806 1,807 1,815 1,843 1,801
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,040 964 935 1,099 1,063 964 1,013 1,018 986
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,352 19,143 18,677 18,033 18,273 18,249 18,083 18,061 18,347
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,007 5,688 5,689 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,431 2,332 2,332 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,318 2,196 2,297 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,258 1,160 1,060 15.1 14.6 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6
Married men, spouse present.................... 1,008 969 891 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0
Married women, spouse present.................. 974 872 925 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6
Women who maintain families.................... 542 556 554 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.2
Full-time workers.............................. 4,718 4,540 4,554 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9
Part-time workers.............................. 1,266 1,175 1,112 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 754 719 767 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,505 1,464 1,382 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 552 624 565 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,173 1,198 1,198 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 277 208 178 7.5 5.3 5.8 6.7 5.8 4.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,603 4,478 4,575 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2
Goods-producing industries................... 1,300 1,274 1,162 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.1
Mining..................................... 37 22 14 6.3 6.7 5.0 4.6 4.1 2.6
Construction............................... 530 526 494 7.3 6.9 6.7 5.7 6.6 6.4
Manufacturing.............................. 733 726 654 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.2
Durable goods............................ 422 449 344 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 2.8
Nondurable goods......................... 311 277 311 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9
Service-producing industries................. 3,303 3,204 3,413 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.3
Transportation and public utilities........ 202 234 284 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.7
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,451 1,438 1,427 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 199 173 201 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.5
Services................................... 1,451 1,359 1,501 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.2
Government workers............................. 427 414 402 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 197 155 106 9.1 5.7 7.7 8.3 7.1 5.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,930 2,348 2,985 2,397 2,582 2,545 2,601 2,620 2,447
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,133 1,615 1,865 2,012 1,805 1,811 1,760 1,694 1,754
15 weeks and over................................ 1,541 1,281 1,414 1,491 1,412 1,434 1,401 1,388 1,372
15 to 26 weeks................................ 775 621 656 776 708 719 725 693 667
27 weeks and over............................. 766 661 758 715 704 715 676 695 705
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.9 13.0 12.5 13.5 13.0 13.2 13.0 12.8 13.2
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.5 5.8 5.4 6.8 5.9 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 44.4 44.8 47.7 40.6 44.5 44.0 45.1 45.9 43.9
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 32.3 30.8 29.8 34.1 31.1 31.3 30.5 29.7 31.5
15 weeks and over.............................. 23.3 24.4 22.6 25.3 24.3 24.8 24.3 24.3 24.6
15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.7 11.8 10.5 13.2 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.2 12.0
27 weeks and over............................ 11.6 12.6 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 11.7 12.2 12.7
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 3,394 2,451 3,102 2,708 2,573 2,518 2,493 2,401 2,477
On temporary layoff............................. 1,364 859 1,165 863 869 802 851 795 739
Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,030 1,592 1,937 1,845 1,704 1,716 1,642 1,606 1,739
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,376 1,073 1,226 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 655 519 711 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 721 718 765 729 758 778 821 825 776
Reentrants........................................ 2,027 1,745 2,062 2,009 1,967 1,958 1,935 2,036 2,043
New entrants...................................... 462 330 336 519 504 511 485 453 393
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 51.4 46.7 49.5 45.4 44.3 43.7 43.5 42.0 43.5
On temporary layoff............................ 20.7 16.4 18.6 14.5 15.0 13.9 14.8 13.9 13.0
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.7 30.4 30.9 30.9 29.4 29.8 28.6 28.1 30.6
Job leavers...................................... 10.9 13.7 12.2 12.2 13.1 13.5 14.3 14.4 13.6
Reentrants....................................... 30.7 33.3 32.9 33.7 33.9 34.0 33.7 35.6 35.9
New entrants..................................... 7.0 6.3 5.4 8.7 8.7 8.9 8.5 7.9 6.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8
Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4
New entrants..................................... .3 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 .9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 5.0 3.9 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.7 4.5 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 8.5 6.9 7.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,007 5,688 5,689 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,239 2,209 2,119 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.3
16 to 19 years................................ 1,258 1,160 1,060 15.1 14.6 13.8 14.0 13.8 12.6
16 to 17 years.............................. 599 553 465 17.9 16.1 15.9 16.5 16.5 14.0
18 to 19 years.............................. 643 612 577 12.9 13.8 12.4 12.3 12.1 11.4
20 to 24 years................................ 981 1,049 1,059 7.1 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4
25 years and over............................... 3,767 3,479 3,578 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 3,278 2,987 3,089 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1
55 years and over............................. 503 477 494 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,138 3,003 2,946 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9
16 to 24 years................................ 1,232 1,252 1,150 10.7 9.9 10.4 10.2 10.6 9.7
16 to 19 years.............................. 707 671 613 16.4 14.6 14.2 14.9 15.2 14.0
16 to 17 years............................ 339 311 246 19.3 16.6 15.5 16.9 17.7 14.3
18 to 19 years............................ 365 356 364 14.3 13.2 13.2 13.6 13.5 13.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 525 581 537 7.3 7.2 8.2 7.5 7.8 7.2
25 years and over............................. 1,910 1,757 1,800 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,644 1,493 1,552 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9
55 years and over........................... 271 246 248 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,869 2,685 2,743 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2
16 to 24 years................................ 1,007 957 969 9.5 10.0 9.6 9.8 8.9 8.9
16 to 19 years.............................. 551 489 447 13.7 14.7 13.4 13.0 12.2 11.1
16 to 17 years............................ 260 242 219 16.3 15.6 16.3 16.1 15.1 13.7
18 to 19 years............................ 278 256 213 11.5 14.5 11.4 10.8 10.5 8.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 456 468 522 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.9 7.0 7.6
25 years and over............................. 1,857 1,722 1,778 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,634 1,494 1,537 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3
55 years and over........................... 232 231 245 3.0 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.1
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,776 69,161 25,562 25,852 43,214 43,308
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,800 4,354 1,910 1,832 2,890 2,522
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,358 1,197 635 597 723 600
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 339 234 206 148 133 86
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,019 963 428 449 590 514
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,897 7,637 4,143 4,076 3,754 3,560
Percent of total employed..................................... 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,342 4,278 2,518 2,465 1,824 1,813
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,597 1,639 496 571 1,101 1,068
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 326 245 186 165 140 80
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,614 1,446 928 858 686 589
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 1999p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999p 2000p
Total......................... 125,291 130,627 130,729 128,136 127,378 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,905 130,292
Total private.................... 105,379 109,918 110,052 107,863 107,386 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,584 109,936
Goods-producing......................... 24,714 25,423 25,190 24,808 25,315 25,186 25,198 25,257 25,275 25,406
Mining................................ 547 531 530 521 560 527 528 527 529 531
Metal mining........................ 49.4 48.5 48.3 48.1 50 48 48 49 48 49
Coal mining......................... 88.7 82.3 82.5 80.6 89 83 82 82 82 81
Oil and gas extraction.............. 309.3 290.2 293.1 292.9 312 287 289 288 291 294
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 100.0 109.8 105.7 99.2 109 109 109 108 108 107
Construction.......................... 5,695 6,489 6,290 6,021 6,170 6,293 6,314 6,369 6,391 6,507
General building contractors........ 1,348.8 1,464.8 1,443.8 1,407.6 1,410 1,440 1,445 1,450 1,454 1,471
Heavy construction, except building. 728.2 900.3 832.6 759.5 871 857 861 870 879 899
Special trade contractors........... 3,617.6 4,124.1 4,013.2 3,854.1 3,889 3,996 4,008 4,049 4,058 4,137
Manufacturing......................... 18,472 18,403 18,370 18,266 18,585 18,366 18,356 18,361 18,355 18,368
Production workers................ 12,679 12,653 12,625 12,540 12,773 12,617 12,608 12,613 12,608 12,628
Durable goods........................ 10,998 10,976 10,974 10,926 11,050 10,959 10,952 10,954 10,954 10,964
Production workers................ 7,505 7,507 7,507 7,468 7,548 7,496 7,489 7,487 7,482 7,503
Lumber and wood products............ 812.0 832.1 828.2 820.9 826 827 829 829 829 830
Furniture and fixtures.............. 534.2 544.7 544.9 543.2 534 544 546 544 543 542
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 547.9 574.8 567.1 555.1 569 569 568 571 573 574
Primary metal industries............ 696.0 688.2 689.2 686.6 696 685 685 686 686 685
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 223.7 222.0 222.2 221.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,494.1 1,492.8 1,495.1 1,490.3 1,495 1,486 1,487 1,489 1,490 1,489
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,147.2 2,114.2 2,117.4 2,115.0 2,148 2,117 2,116 2,118 2,117 2,114
Computer and office equipment..... 361.9 358.1 357.5 354.8 362 358 358 358 359 356
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,661.3 1,665.5 1,670.8 1,668.7 1,663 1,662 1,665 1,661 1,663 1,671
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 635.8 641.6 645.5 645.7 637 640 643 643 645 646
Transportation equipment............ 1,877.5 1,839.2 1,841.3 1,832.3 1,884 1,848 1,838 1,834 1,831 1,837
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 992.1 1,005.3 1,009.8 1,004.4 996 1,006 1,001 1,000 1,001 1,009
Aircraft and parts................ 516.8 469.4 466.4 462.2 517 476 471 467 464 461
Instruments and related products.... 848.7 831.8 831.5 829.1 849 833 830 833 832 831
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 379.2 392.9 388.1 385.1 386 388 388 389 390 391
Nondurable goods..................... 7,474 7,427 7,396 7,340 7,535 7,407 7,404 7,407 7,401 7,404
Production workers................ 5,174 5,146 5,118 5,072 5,225 5,121 5,119 5,126 5,126 5,125
Food and kindred products........... 1,665.0 1,694.2 1,676.8 1,655.0 1,699 1,679 1,680 1,686 1,689 1,693
Tobacco products.................... 42.7 40.9 41.9 41.4 40 38 38 39 38 39
Textile mill products............... 577.3 553.8 551.0 545.4 579 553 551 553 551 548
Apparel and other textile products.. 709.6 665.4 656.2 647.9 718 669 666 663 659 656
Paper and allied products........... 662.4 655.3 655.0 653.1 664 657 655 655 655 655
Printing and publishing............. 1,557.9 1,554.2 1,556.6 1,545.5 1,561 1,552 1,552 1,549 1,548 1,548
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,035.2 1,032.0 1,031.1 1,029.2 1,041 1,033 1,033 1,033 1,030 1,034
Petroleum and coal products......... 134.1 137.0 133.5 131.9 139 137 136 136 135 137
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,012.8 1,021.8 1,023.0 1,019.9 1,016 1,017 1,021 1,022 1,025 1,023
Leather and leather products........ 76.9 72.2 71.2 70.4 78 72 72 71 71 71
Service-producing....................... 100,577 105,204 105,539 103,328 102,063 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,630 104,886
Transportation and public utilities... 6,646 6,908 6,948 6,839 6,708 6,831 6,841 6,862 6,896 6,912
Transportation...................... 4,306 4,521 4,562 4,453 4,356 4,455 4,458 4,474 4,506 4,519
Railroad transportation........... 230.7 226.5 226.3 224.6 233 227 227 226 227 228
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 483.2 503.0 502.6 498.9 474 486 486 487 486 491
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,746.5 1,851.4 1,843.6 1,807.0 1,786 1,825 1,828 1,839 1,846 1,850
Water transportation.............. 173.3 178.4 176.3 170.9 182 182 182 180 182 179
Transportation by air............. 1,198.9 1,276.8 1,327.7 1,269.0 1,204 1,250 1,251 1,257 1,278 1,287
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 12.9 13.1 13.2 14 13 13 13 13 13
Transportation services........... 459.8 472.2 472.6 468.9 463 472 471 472 474 471
Communications and public utilities. 2,340 2,387 2,386 2,386 2,352 2,376 2,383 2,388 2,390 2,393
Communications.................... 1,494.6 1,547.3 1,547.7 1,550.8 1,502 1,533 1,541 1,546 1,550 1,553
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 845.2 839.9 838.7 835.3 850 843 842 842 840 840
Wholesale trade....................... 6,868 7,084 7,080 7,046 6,924 7,041 7,064 7,070 7,086 7,105
Durable goods....................... 4,065 4,193 4,200 4,185 4,088 4,172 4,188 4,194 4,203 4,209
Nondurable goods.................... 2,803 2,891 2,880 2,861 2,836 2,869 2,876 2,876 2,883 2,896
Retail trade.......................... 22,155 23,258 23,629 22,632 22,556 22,862 22,891 22,902 22,981 23,024
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 918.4 995.1 989.7 959.3 972 992 1,001 1,004 1,005 1,010
General merchandise stores.......... 2,782.8 2,970.2 3,097.8 2,788.7 2,773 2,762 2,756 2,753 2,795 2,778
Department stores................. 2,475.3 2,647.9 2,756.3 2,472.2 2,470 2,460 2,455 2,450 2,481 2,448
Food stores......................... 3,465.3 3,514.2 3,545.3 3,465.7 3,481 3,478 3,481 3,480 3,483 3,482
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,346.7 2,421.1 2,418.7 2,410.6 2,377 2,415 2,420 2,424 2,431 2,444
New and used car dealers.......... 1,054.5 1,095.6 1,093.4 1,093.0 1,061 1,091 1,092 1,096 1,097 1,100
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,156.0 1,251.5 1,304.9 1,212.9 1,152 1,189 1,200 1,198 1,187 1,203
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,063.8 1,118.5 1,146.3 1,113.4 1,055 1,097 1,099 1,095 1,101 1,104
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,506.8 7,868.8 7,917.8 7,656.7 7,843 7,932 7,925 7,943 7,982 7,986
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,915.6 3,118.7 3,208.6 3,024.4 2,903 2,997 3,009 3,005 2,997 3,017
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,514 7,652 7,667 7,616 7,570 7,653 7,668 7,675 7,687 7,678
Finance............................. 3,669 3,715 3,727 3,707 3,675 3,715 3,719 3,723 3,728 3,719
Depository institutions........... 2,047.6 2,038.2 2,041.9 2,036.2 2,049 2,047 2,047 2,044 2,040 2,039
Commercial banks................ 1,468.4 1,456.8 1,460.2 1,455.1 1,469 1,466 1,464 1,460 1,459 1,457
Savings institutions............ 257.4 252.5 252.0 249.6 258 255 254 254 252 250
Nondepository institutions........ 704.2 708.3 711.3 701.6 705 713 711 711 714 705
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 359.9 355.3 355.0 347.8 362 361 358 357 358 351
Security and commodity brokers.... 660.5 697.3 701.8 702.6 663 686 691 697 703 705
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 256.4 271.5 271.8 266.8 258 269 270 271 271 270
Insurance........................... 2,378 2,411 2,418 2,401 2,383 2,410 2,414 2,411 2,416 2,404
Insurance carriers................ 1,623.9 1,636.8 1,640.0 1,628.1 1,627 1,637 1,641 1,636 1,639 1,630
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 754.1 774.4 778.4 773.2 756 773 773 775 777 774
Real estate......................... 1,467 1,526 1,522 1,508 1,512 1,528 1,535 1,541 1,543 1,555
Services2............................. 37,482 39,593 39,538 38,922 38,313 39,257 39,433 39,554 39,659 39,811
Agricultural services............... 633.7 774.6 718.5 665.2 747 763 766 774 766 787
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,679.7 1,742.0 1,730.4 1,693.8 1,785 1,811 1,806 1,812 1,809 1,794
Personal services................... 1,250.0 1,184.4 1,201.2 1,278.3 1,205 1,210 1,210 1,214 1,224 1,234
Business services................... 8,642.5 9,471.5 9,467.5 9,220.6 8,869 9,204 9,303 9,336 9,390 9,453
Services to buildings............. 956.7 1,004.6 997.9 989.8 971 1,000 1,003 1,003 999 1,003
Personnel supply services......... 3,117.4 3,616.1 3,610.7 3,371.8 3,308 3,440 3,490 3,501 3,518 3,528
Help supply services............ 2,755.7 3,205.2 3,196.9 2,980.4 2,933 3,032 3,099 3,097 3,111 3,121
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,709.3 1,831.2 1,839.9 1,857.1 1,708 1,814 1,823 1,829 1,838 1,860
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,155.2 1,194.9 1,193.5 1,184.3 1,168 1,190 1,196 1,197 1,196 1,198
Miscellaneous repair services....... 387.4 401.1 402.9 398.7 392 398 400 400 405 404
Motion pictures..................... 570.1 606.4 614.6 605.6 573 608 612 613 609 614
Amusement and recreation services... 1,417.5 1,567.6 1,560.7 1,495.7 1,653 1,713 1,730 1,734 1,722 1,751
Health services..................... 9,876.4 10037.9 10053.1 10029.8 9,905 9,999 10,009 10,026 10,039 10,062
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,836.5 1,885.3 1,889.6 1,888.1 1,840 1,876 1,880 1,885 1,886 1,892
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,751.0 1,759.4 1,761.3 1,755.8 1,756 1,756 1,756 1,756 1,759 1,762
Hospitals......................... 3,945.6 3,981.0 3,985.3 3,985.9 3,954 3,977 3,978 3,978 3,984 3,993
Home health care services......... 640.3 662.6 663.6 652.9 645 657 658 658 661 660
Legal services...................... 983.7 1,011.3 1,013.7 1,010.6 989 1,007 1,009 1,012 1,015 1,018
Educational services................ 2,167.9 2,484.4 2,427.0 2,234.2 2,218 2,289 2,288 2,298 2,304 2,287
Social services..................... 2,701.8 2,849.0 2,857.9 2,847.9 2,721 2,803 2,817 2,840 2,851 2,872
Child day care services........... 627.8 659.5 658.6 659.1 621 631 634 646 649 656
Residential care.................. 760.2 794.9 800.0 797.0 765 788 792 796 802 803
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 86.0 93.3 93.2 87.0 94 94 95 96 95 95
Membership organizations............ 2,347.0 2,395.1 2,404.4 2,379.7 2,385 2,408 2,409 2,411 2,418 2,418
Engineering and management services. 3,291.0 3,483.9 3,503.0 3,493.8 3,316 3,464 3,487 3,496 3,520 3,526
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 915.5 958.1 959.6 960.2 926 948 954 959 965 973
Management and public relations... 1,089.1 1,196.7 1,212.3 1,203.3 1,103 1,180 1,193 1,196 1,218 1,221
Services, nec....................... 54.7 58.1 58.5 59.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 19,912 20,709 20,677 20,273 19,992 20,218 20,237 20,269 20,321 20,356
Federal............................. 2,677 2,642 2,675 2,641 2,702 2,654 2,643 2,648 2,643 2,663
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,802.1 1,766.3 1,760.7 1,767.4 1,822 1,785 1,780 1,780 1,778 1,787
State............................... 4,580 4,865 4,819 4,651 4,644 4,717 4,722 4,729 4,735 4,735
Education......................... 1,880.2 2,125.2 2,083.7 1,917.6 1,920 1,965 1,960 1,967 1,974 1,976
Other State government............ 2,699.6 2,739.4 2,735.7 2,733.0 2,724 2,752 2,762 2,762 2,761 2,759
Local............................... 12,655 13,202 13,183 12,981 12,646 12,847 12,872 12,892 12,943 12,958
Education......................... 7,307.4 7,697.4 7,690.3 7,517.3 7,165 7,295 7,305 7,318 7,353 7,358
Other local government............ 5,347.8 5,504.2 5,492.5 5,463.2 5,481 5,552 5,567 5,574 5,590 5,600
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 1999p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.0 34.5 34.6 34.3 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.6
Goods-producing......................... 40.5 41.5 41.5 40.8 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.1
Mining................................ 42.3 44.7 44.4 44.4 42.9 44.3 44.1 44.2 44.2 45.0
Construction.......................... 37.9 39.5 38.7 38.3 39.5 39.1 39.1 40.0 38.9 39.4
Manufacturing......................... 41.3 42.2 42.5 41.6 41.6 41.8 41.8 41.7 41.6 41.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.9 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6
Durable goods........................ 41.9 42.7 43.1 42.2 42.2 42.4 42.3 42.2 42.0 42.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 5.0 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7
Lumber and wood products............ 40.7 41.4 41.3 40.7 41.7 41.1 41.1 41.1 40.9 41.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.1 40.4 41.3 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.2 39.9 40.2 40.2
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.5 44.1 43.2 42.3 43.8 43.6 43.4 43.9 43.2 43.5
Primary metal industries............ 43.8 44.7 45.3 44.5 43.7 44.4 44.3 44.3 44.4 44.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.0 45.3 46.0 45.0 43.8 45.0 45.0 45.3 45.5 44.8
Fabricated metal products........... 41.8 42.7 43.2 42.2 42.1 42.3 42.1 42.1 41.9 42.2
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.2 42.5 43.2 42.4 42.1 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.0 42.1 42.3 41.3 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.4 41.1 41.1
Transportation equipment............ 43.3 44.1 44.9 44.0 43.5 44.0 43.9 43.5 43.3 44.0
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.0 45.2 46.3 45.2 44.3 45.2 45.3 44.7 44.5 45.4
Instruments and related products.... 41.2 41.9 42.5 41.6 41.2 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.6 41.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.0 40.2 40.4 39.0 39.6 40.0 39.8 39.6 39.9 39.3
Nondurable goods..................... 40.6 41.4 41.6 40.7 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.4
Food and kindred products........... 41.5 42.5 42.4 41.3 41.8 41.7 42.0 41.9 41.6 41.6
Tobacco products.................... 37.3 43.2 44.2 39.0 38.1 40.2 41.0 42.8 43.5 40.3
Textile mill products............... 40.7 41.6 41.8 40.9 40.8 40.8 41.3 41.2 41.2 40.9
Apparel and other textile products.. 36.7 37.6 38.0 37.2 37.0 37.5 37.5 37.3 37.4 37.6
Paper and allied products........... 43.5 43.9 44.2 43.3 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.2 43.2
Printing and publishing............. 37.7 38.8 39.0 37.9 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.8 43.4 43.8 42.8 42.9 43.2 43.1 43.1 43.1 42.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.9 43.0 43.3 42.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.3 41.9 42.3 41.6 41.4 41.7 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.9
Leather and leather products........ 36.7 38.0 37.8 37.4 37.3 37.2 37.5 37.6 37.2 38.0
Service-producing....................... 32.4 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9
Transportation and public utilities... 38.7 38.3 38.3 38.4 39.3 38.6 38.5 38.2 38.4 38.6
Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.6
Retail trade.......................... 28.1 28.7 29.3 28.3 29.0 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.1 29.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.0 36.2 37.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Services.............................. 32.3 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 1999p 2000p 1999 1999 1999p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.11 $13.43 $13.46 $13.59 $445.74 $463.34 $465.72 $466.14
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.04 13.40 13.44 13.50 451.18 462.30 463.68 467.10
Goods-producing......................... 14.46 15.03 15.09 15.03 585.63 623.75 626.24 613.22
Mining................................ 17.23 16.95 17.15 17.26 728.83 757.67 761.46 766.34
Construction.......................... 16.74 17.37 17.42 17.36 634.45 686.12 674.15 664.89
Manufacturing......................... 13.66 14.08 14.20 14.17 564.16 594.18 603.50 589.47
Durable goods........................ 14.11 14.58 14.73 14.67 591.21 622.57 634.86 619.07
Lumber and wood products............ 11.28 11.59 11.64 11.71 459.10 479.83 480.73 476.60
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.10 11.35 11.47 11.38 445.11 458.54 473.71 456.34
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.66 14.07 14.00 14.02 580.55 620.49 604.80 593.05
Primary metal industries............ 15.39 16.14 16.19 16.15 674.08 721.46 733.41 718.68
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.41 19.18 19.17 19.26 810.04 868.85 881.82 866.70
Fabricated metal products........... 13.29 13.57 13.68 13.64 555.52 579.44 590.98 575.61
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.69 15.21 15.36 15.33 619.92 646.43 663.55 649.99
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.26 13.59 13.69 13.66 543.66 572.14 579.09 564.16
Transportation equipment............ 17.47 18.46 18.78 18.56 756.45 814.09 843.22 816.64
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.65 18.87 19.29 18.99 776.60 852.92 893.13 858.35
Instruments and related products.... 13.91 14.34 14.39 14.37 573.09 600.85 611.58 597.79
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.16 11.43 11.57 11.51 435.24 459.49 467.43 448.89
Nondurable goods..................... 12.99 13.33 13.41 13.39 527.39 551.86 557.86 544.97
Food and kindred products........... 11.94 12.20 12.30 12.22 495.51 518.50 521.52 504.69
Tobacco products.................... 17.14 17.96 17.96 17.66 639.32 775.87 793.83 688.74
Textile mill products............... 10.63 10.80 10.83 10.83 432.64 449.28 452.69 442.95
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.68 8.98 9.02 9.01 318.56 337.65 342.76 335.17
Paper and allied products........... 15.73 16.12 16.17 16.14 684.26 707.67 714.71 698.86
Printing and publishing............. 13.66 14.01 14.12 14.14 514.98 543.59 550.68 535.91
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.24 17.75 17.81 17.79 737.87 770.35 780.08 761.41
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.22 21.83 21.85 21.65 931.56 938.69 946.11 917.96
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.19 12.41 12.52 12.57 503.45 519.98 529.60 522.91
Leather and leather products........ 9.64 9.84 9.90 9.92 353.79 373.92 374.22 371.01
Service-producing....................... 12.68 12.92 12.96 13.14 410.83 422.48 426.38 429.68
Transportation and public utilities... 15.57 15.87 15.93 15.92 602.56 607.82 610.12 611.33
Wholesale trade....................... 14.42 14.82 14.90 15.02 547.96 569.09 573.65 578.27
Retail trade.......................... 9.00 9.21 9.26 9.34 252.90 264.33 271.32 264.32
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.48 14.73 14.75 14.99 521.28 530.28 533.95 554.63
Services.............................. 13.30 13.60 13.68 13.82 429.59 444.72 445.97 451.91
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change
Industry 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999p 2000p from:
Dec. 1999-
Jan. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.04 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.50 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.83 7.86 7.87 7.87 7.87 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.53 14.93 14.97 14.99 15.03 15.09 .4
Mining...................... 17.07 17.09 17.09 16.93 17.03 17.03 .0
Construction................ 16.80 17.21 17.27 17.31 17.42 17.46 .2
Manufacturing............... 13.64 14.04 14.07 14.06 14.08 14.13 .4
Excluding overtime4....... 12.93 13.29 13.33 13.32 13.35 13.39 .3
Service-producing............. 12.56 12.85 12.89 12.90 12.95 13.00 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.49 15.76 15.76 15.81 15.93 15.84 -.6
Wholesale trade............. 14.36 14.74 14.80 14.81 14.87 14.95 .5
Retail trade................ 8.93 9.15 9.18 9.20 9.27 9.27 .0
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.46 14.70 14.72 14.73 14.75 14.90 1.0
Services.................... 13.17 13.49 13.55 13.55 13.59 13.65 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .0 percent from November 1999 to December 1999, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
1999 1999 1999p 2000p 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999p 2000p
Total private.................... 141.3 149.9 150.6 146.0 146.8 148.2 148.8 149.2 149.3 150.2
Goods-producing......................... 110.0 117.2 115.8 111.4 115.2 114.6 114.7 115.5 114.5 116.1
Mining................................ 49.7 51.7 50.9 49.7 51.8 50.3 50.6 50.4 50.8 51.6
Construction.......................... 148.5 181.3 170.4 159.3 171.9 172.4 173.2 179.0 174.4 181.4
Manufacturing......................... 105.7 107.6 108.2 105.1 107.1 106.4 106.2 106.0 105.7 106.2
Durable goods........................ 109.6 111.7 112.9 109.9 111.0 110.9 110.5 110.2 109.8 110.6
Lumber and wood products............ 143.0 149.4 148.1 144.4 149.5 147.1 147.6 147.6 146.8 148.2
Furniture and fixtures.............. 134.5 138.0 141.1 136.3 135.3 137.5 137.4 136.1 136.5 136.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 109.2 119.7 115.4 110.0 117.8 117.0 116.2 118.1 116.5 118.1
Primary metal industries............ 90.4 91.1 92.5 90.3 89.9 90.2 89.8 90.0 90.4 89.9
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 68.3 70.3 71.2 69.3 68.0 69.9 69.9 69.9 70.2 69.2
Fabricated metal products........... 116.8 119.0 120.7 117.6 117.7 117.2 116.8 116.9 116.5 117.4
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.7 104.3 106.4 104.8 105.4 104.2 104.1 103.7 103.7 104.5
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 105.4 107.9 109.0 105.9 105.9 106.7 106.7 105.8 104.9 105.3
Transportation equipment............ 123.8 124.9 127.4 123.8 125.1 125.4 124.2 122.7 122.0 124.6
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 158.7 168.1 172.8 167.4 161.0 168.0 167.3 165.0 164.3 169.6
Instruments and related products.... 75.0 75.6 76.4 74.8 75.0 75.1 75.1 75.1 74.7 74.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 96.1 102.9 102.2 97.5 99.5 101.3 100.8 100.3 101.4 100.2
Nondurable goods..................... 100.3 101.9 101.8 98.6 101.8 100.2 100.4 100.4 100.1 100.2
Food and kindred products........... 115.7 121.3 119.4 114.4 119.3 117.7 118.7 119.0 118.4 118.6
Tobacco products.................... 61.9 63.1 66.3 57.4 58.5 53.7 54.8 57.3 58.2 53.9
Textile mill products............... 82.6 80.9 80.9 78.2 83.1 79.5 80.0 80.1 79.8 78.5
Apparel and other textile products.. 61.1 58.4 58.2 56.3 62.3 58.6 58.1 57.7 57.5 57.8
Paper and allied products........... 106.8 106.4 107.3 104.9 107.1 105.6 105.2 105.4 104.9 104.9
Printing and publishing............. 121.4 124.2 124.9 120.3 123.4 122.1 122.6 122.0 121.7 121.7
Chemicals and allied products....... 101.8 104.0 105.1 102.7 102.4 102.7 102.8 103.2 103.2 103.4
Petroleum and coal products......... 73.3 73.4 69.9 65.4 76.2 73.9 73.2 72.4 72.3 68.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 146.8 151.2 153.0 150.1 147.8 149.2 149.2 149.4 149.7 151.6
Leather and leather products........ 32.0 31.2 30.2 29.5 32.7 30.9 30.5 30.0 29.7 30.4
Service-producing....................... 155.4 164.6 166.3 161.5 161.0 163.3 164.1 164.4 165.0 165.5
Transportation and public utilities... 130.9 134.1 135.3 132.7 134.1 133.5 133.3 132.7 133.6 135.3
Wholesale trade....................... 128.1 133.6 133.8 132.8 130.6 133.1 133.8 133.2 133.9 134.5
Retail trade.......................... 134.1 144.8 150.3 138.5 141.3 142.6 143.1 143.3 144.7 144.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.0 138.7 139.9 141.5 139.1 140.2 140.5 139.7 140.7 141.4
Services.............................. 191.3 204.3 203.8 200.9 198.3 202.3 204.0 205.0 204.8 205.4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7 61.2
1997.............. 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6 62.1
1998.............. 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1 58.6
1999.............. 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 51.5 57.0 57.6 50.0 55.1 57.2 57.9 p56.6
2000.............. p57.0
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2 63.2
1997.............. 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8 71.2
1998.............. 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0 60.4
1999.............. 60.7 55.9 59.6 54.6 56.3 56.2 56.2 59.0 57.4 59.6 p60.1 p60.3
2000..............
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9 66.7
1997.............. 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3 71.9
1998.............. 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8 58.0
1999.............. 61.1 58.8 57.3 59.0 55.2 57.4 56.9 61.5 p61.4 p58.4
2000..............
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8 71.3
1998.............. 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 59.3 58.6
1999.............. 60.1 57.3 57.0 57.6 58.7 p58.7 p58.7
2000..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7 54.0
1997.............. 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2 55.4
1998.............. 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9 45.0
1999.............. 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 36.3 45.3 57.2 38.5 42.8 48.9 50.7 p48.2
2000.............. p52.2
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0 50.7
1997.............. 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8 64.4
1998.............. 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6 35.3
1999.............. 37.4 31.7 37.1 30.2 33.8 43.9 43.2 44.6 38.5 46.4 p49.3 p50.4
2000..............
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5 51.8
1997.............. 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2 65.1
1998.............. 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7 28.1
1999.............. 33.1 29.1 28.1 36.0 30.9 34.5 36.3 44.6 p45.3 p40.6
2000..............
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4 57.2
1998.............. 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 25.5 26.3
1999.............. 32.7 25.9 28.4 29.5 29.9 p30.6 p34.5
2000..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: April 07, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jan2000.htm
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