Technical information: USDL 01-35
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 2, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2001
Unemployment increased in January, and payroll employment rose by
268,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Construction employment increased by 145,000, after
seasonal adjustment, as unusual weather patterns over the last 3 months
contributed to extremely light layoffs in January. Manufacturing
experienced another sizable employment decline over the month. Average
hourly earnings were unchanged.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed rose by about 300,000 to nearly 6.0 million,
pushing the unemployment rate from 4.0 to 4.2 percent. The jobless rate
had ranged from 3.9 to 4.1 percent since October 1999. The unemployment
rates for each of the major worker groups--adult men (3.6 percent), adult
women (3.6 percent), teenagers (13.8 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks
(8.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.0 percent)--were marginally higher in
January. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was essentially unchanged at 136.0 million, seasonally
adjusted, in January. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of
the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.5 percent, unchanged from
December. The civilian labor force, 142.0 million, grew by 466,000 and the
labor force participation rate rose to 67.3 percent. (See table A-1.)
About 7.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in January. These multiple jobholders represented 5.3 percent of total
employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in January, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed,
however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 303,000 in
January, up from 234,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of
the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Dec.-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | 2001 | Jan.
|_________________|_________________|________|change
| III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,706| 141,208| 141,136| 141,489| 141,955| 466
Employment..........| 135,049| 135,593| 135,478| 135,836| 135,999| 163
Unemployment........| 5,657| 5,616| 5,658| 5,653| 5,956| 303
Not in labor force....| 69,235| 69,358| 69,441| 69,254| 68,934| -320
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.2| 0.2
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.6| .2
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.6| .2
Teenagers...........| 13.5| 12.9| 13.0| 13.1| 13.8| .7
White...............| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| .1
Black...............| 7.6| 7.5| 7.5| 7.6| 8.4| .8
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 6.0| 5.7| 6.0| .3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,619|p131,831| 131,842|p131,861|p132,129| p268
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| p25,620| 25,635| p25,560| p25,645| p85
Construction......| 6,688| p6,732| 6,734| p6,716| p6,861| p145
Manufacturing.....| 18,453| p18,347| 18,360| p18,304| p18,239| p-65
Service-producing 1/| 105,940|p106,211| 106,207|p106,301|p106,484| p183
Retail trade......| 23,189| p23,229| 23,238| p23,256| p23,283| p27
Services..........| 40,553| p40,753| 40,764| p40,800| p40,881| p81
Government........| 20,536| p20,428| 20,405| p20,414| p20,468| p54
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.4| p34.3| 34.3| p34.1| p34.3| p0.2
Manufacturing.......| 41.5| p41.0| 41.2| p40.4| p40.9| p.5
Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.3| 4.3| p4.0| p4.1| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| p151.2| 151.5| p150.5| p151.8| p1.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.79| p$13.95| $13.96| p$14.02| p$14.02| p$0.00
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 474.03| p478.13| 478.83| p478.08| p480.89| p2.81
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 268,000 in January to 132.1
million, seasonally adjusted, following a gain of only 19,000 (as revised)
in December. Unusually large employment increases in construction and the
federal government (after seasonal adjustment) contributed significantly to
the January gain. Large job losses continued in manufacturing, and growth
was moderate in services. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment rose by 145,000
in January, after seasonal adjustment. The weather in November and December
was particularly severe, resulting in unusually large layoffs in those months.
January's weather was relatively mild, and layoffs in outside activities such
as roofing, masonry, and heavy construction (such as bridges and highways)
were smaller than usual for this time of year. This resulted in a large
employment increase, after seasonal adjustment.
Mining added 5,000 jobs in January. Most of the employment gain was due
to increases in oil and gas extraction, which has added 29,000 jobs since
August 1999.
Employment in manufacturing fell by 65,000 in January. This industry
has shed 254,000 jobs since last June. In January, manufacturing job
losses were widespread. The largest decline was in motor vehicles, where
payrolls were reduced by 38,000, reflecting auto plant shutdowns for
inventory control. Employment also fell in fabricated metals (13,000) and
in rubber and plastics (4,000). Employment declines continued in lumber,
which lost 6,000 jobs in January. Food products gained 11,000 jobs, after
losses in November and December.
In the service-producing sector, the services industry added 81,000 jobs
in January, slightly below the average monthly gain for the prior 12 months.
Declines continued in help supply services, where employment fell by 39,000
in January. Employment in this industry has fallen by 184,000 since last
April. In contrast, health services employment rose by 30,000, with
increases in hospitals (12,000) and doctor's offices (11,000). Employment
in amusement and recreation services rose by 20,000 jobs in January.
Engineering and management services added 10,000 jobs, while employment in
computer services was little changed.
Employment in retail trade grew modestly in January, with an increase of
27,000. Most of this gain occurred in miscellaneous retail establishments.
Employment in wholesale trade declined for the second straight month.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 29,000 in
January. Strength in home sales and refinancing activities helped boost
employment in real estate by 8,000 and in mortgage banks by 5,000.
Insurance added 6,000 jobs in January.
In government, federal employment rose by 37,000 over the month, partly
reversing declines in November and December that totaled 55,000. Hiring of
postal service workers during the holiday season was lighter than normal,
which led to smaller seasonal layoffs than usual in January.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.2 hour in January to 34.3 hours, seasonally
adjusted, offsetting a 0.2-hour decline in December. The manufacturing
workweek increased by 0.5 hour to 40.9 hours, following a decline of 0.8
hour in December that was partly due to severe winter weather across much
of the country. Manufacturing overtime, which fell by 0.3 hour in December,
rose by 0.1 hour in January to 4.1 hours. Since last July, the factory
workweek has fallen by 0.8 hour and overtime by 0.5 hour. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.9 percent to 151.8
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index rose by 0.8
percent to 102.6. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls were unchanged in January at $14.02, seasonally
adjusted, following 3 months of above-average gains. Average weekly
earnings rose by 0.6 percent in January to $480.89. Over the year, average
hourly earnings rose by 3.9 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3
percent. (See table B-3.)
_________________________
The Employment Situation for February 2001 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, March 9, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
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| Revisions to Population Estimates for the Household Survey Data |
| |
| Effective with the release of data for January 2001, minor revisions |
| have been introduced into the population controls used for the house- |
| hold survey. The changes resulted in a slight downward shift in the |
| estimated total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over|
| for January 2001. The changes subtracted approximately 15,000 from |
| the estimated population trend growth between December 2000 and |
| January 2001. The impact varies for subpopulations such as men |
| (+15,000), women (-29,000), white (0), black (-60,000), Hispanic |
| (-45,000), and non-Hispanic (+30,000). Official population and labor |
| force estimates for December 2000 and earlier months have not been |
| revised. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of inter- |
| censal population estimates by the Bureau of the Census and do not |
| incorporate any information from the 2000 decennial census. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,782 210,743 210,889 208,782 210,161 210,378 210,577 210,743 210,889
Civilian labor force............................ 139,621 141,319 141,049 140,645 140,847 141,000 141,136 141,489 141,955
Participation rate........................ 66.9 67.1 66.9 67.4 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.1 67.3
Employed...................................... 133,357 136,092 134,462 134,976 135,310 135,464 135,478 135,836 135,999
Employment-population ratio............... 63.9 64.6 63.8 64.6 64.4 64.4 64.3 64.5 64.5
Agriculture................................. 2,959 2,936 2,811 3,356 3,356 3,241 3,176 3,274 3,179
Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,398 133,156 131,651 131,620 131,954 132,223 132,302 132,562 132,819
Unemployed.................................... 6,264 5,227 6,587 5,669 5,537 5,536 5,658 5,653 5,956
Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 3.7 4.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2
Not in labor force.............................. 69,161 69,424 69,841 68,137 69,314 69,378 69,441 69,254 68,934
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,354 4,182 4,474 4,296 4,355 4,377 4,351 4,532 4,417
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,266 101,260 101,357 100,266 100,963 101,075 101,175 101,260 101,357
Civilian labor force............................ 74,414 75,281 75,149 75,151 75,305 75,371 75,386 75,582 75,815
Participation rate........................ 74.2 74.3 74.1 75.0 74.6 74.6 74.5 74.6 74.8
Employed...................................... 70,981 72,275 71,405 72,201 72,398 72,427 72,354 72,534 72,589
Employment-population ratio............... 70.8 71.4 70.4 72.0 71.7 71.7 71.5 71.6 71.6
Unemployed.................................... 3,433 3,006 3,744 2,950 2,907 2,944 3,032 3,048 3,226
Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.0 5.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,057 93,117 93,184 92,057 92,863 92,969 93,061 93,117 93,184
Civilian labor force............................ 70,394 71,194 71,161 70,777 71,053 71,155 71,135 71,289 71,492
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.9 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.7
Employed...................................... 67,607 68,752 68,101 68,440 68,728 68,774 68,683 68,848 68,916
Employment-population ratio............... 73.4 73.8 73.1 74.3 74.0 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.0
Agriculture................................. 2,054 2,028 1,907 2,285 2,350 2,219 2,122 2,232 2,122
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,553 66,724 66,194 66,155 66,378 66,555 66,561 66,616 66,795
Unemployed.................................... 2,787 2,442 3,060 2,337 2,325 2,381 2,452 2,441 2,576
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.4 4.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,516 109,483 109,532 108,516 109,198 109,303 109,402 109,483 109,532
Civilian labor force............................ 65,208 66,038 65,899 65,494 65,542 65,629 65,750 65,907 66,140
Participation rate........................ 60.1 60.3 60.2 60.4 60.0 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.4
Employed...................................... 62,376 63,817 63,057 62,775 62,912 63,037 63,124 63,302 63,410
Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 58.3 57.6 57.8 57.6 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 2,832 2,221 2,842 2,719 2,630 2,592 2,626 2,605 2,730
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 3.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,579 101,612 101,643 100,579 101,321 101,448 101,533 101,612 101,643
Civilian labor force............................ 61,455 62,069 62,164 61,462 61,486 61,528 61,625 61,819 62,126
Participation rate........................ 61.1 61.1 61.2 61.1 60.7 60.6 60.7 60.8 61.1
Employed...................................... 59,030 60,235 59,760 59,209 59,344 59,425 59,506 59,708 59,894
Employment-population ratio............... 58.7 59.3 58.8 58.9 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.8 58.9
Agriculture................................. 752 757 777 826 764 748 797 822 852
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,278 59,478 58,983 58,383 58,580 58,677 58,709 58,886 59,042
Unemployed.................................... 2,425 1,834 2,404 2,253 2,142 2,103 2,119 2,111 2,232
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.0 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,147 16,014 16,063 16,147 15,977 15,960 15,983 16,014 16,063
Civilian labor force............................ 7,772 8,056 7,724 8,406 8,308 8,317 8,376 8,381 8,337
Participation rate........................ 48.1 50.3 48.1 52.1 52.0 52.1 52.4 52.3 51.9
Employed...................................... 6,720 7,105 6,601 7,327 7,238 7,265 7,289 7,280 7,188
Employment-population ratio............... 41.6 44.4 41.1 45.4 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.5 44.7
Agriculture................................. 153 152 126 245 242 274 257 220 205
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,566 6,954 6,475 7,082 6,996 6,991 7,032 7,060 6,983
Unemployed.................................... 1,052 951 1,123 1,079 1,070 1,052 1,087 1,101 1,149
Unemployment rate......................... 13.5 11.8 14.5 12.8 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,812 175,145 175,246 173,812 174,745 174,899 175,034 175,145 175,246
Civilian labor force............................ 116,756 117,796 117,622 117,484 117,553 117,603 117,640 117,945 118,276
Participation rate.......................... 67.2 67.3 67.1 67.6 67.3 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.5
Employed...................................... 112,160 113,950 112,768 113,442 113,464 113,584 113,509 113,811 114,015
Employment-population ratio................. 64.5 65.1 64.3 65.3 64.9 64.9 64.8 65.0 65.1
Unemployed.................................... 4,596 3,845 4,854 4,042 4,089 4,019 4,131 4,134 4,261
Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.3 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,795 60,275 60,265 60,091 60,259 60,286 60,280 60,349 60,494
Participation rate.......................... 76.8 76.7 76.7 77.2 76.9 76.9 76.8 76.8 77.0
Employed...................................... 57,726 58,484 57,927 58,395 58,529 58,557 58,478 58,581 58,571
Employment-population ratio................. 74.2 74.5 73.7 75.0 74.7 74.7 74.5 74.6 74.5
Unemployed.................................... 2,069 1,791 2,338 1,696 1,730 1,729 1,802 1,768 1,923
Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.0 3.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,327 50,766 50,848 50,277 50,256 50,281 50,335 50,527 50,794
Participation rate.......................... 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.4 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.5
Employed...................................... 48,613 49,408 49,171 48,719 48,700 48,777 48,825 48,973 49,270
Employment-population ratio................. 58.4 58.9 58.6 58.5 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.4 58.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,714 1,358 1,677 1,558 1,556 1,504 1,510 1,554 1,524
Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,634 6,754 6,509 7,116 7,038 7,036 7,025 7,069 6,988
Participation rate.......................... 52.1 53.2 51.3 55.9 55.4 55.4 55.3 55.7 55.1
Employed...................................... 5,820 6,058 5,670 6,328 6,235 6,250 6,206 6,257 6,174
Employment-population ratio................. 45.7 47.7 44.7 49.7 49.1 49.2 48.9 49.3 48.7
Unemployed.................................... 814 696 839 788 803 786 819 812 814
Unemployment rate........................... 12.3 10.3 12.9 11.1 11.4 11.2 11.7 11.5 11.7
Men....................................... 14.7 11.9 15.8 12.4 12.2 11.8 12.4 12.2 13.3
Women..................................... 9.7 8.6 9.8 9.6 10.6 10.5 10.9 10.7 9.8
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,047 25,408 25,382 25,047 25,299 25,339 25,376 25,408 25,382
Civilian labor force............................ 16,392 16,758 16,577 16,587 16,489 16,627 16,732 16,742 16,773
Participation rate.......................... 65.4 66.0 65.3 66.2 65.2 65.6 65.9 65.9 66.1
Employed...................................... 15,033 15,594 15,170 15,238 15,304 15,401 15,485 15,470 15,372
Employment-population ratio................. 60.0 61.4 59.8 60.8 60.5 60.8 61.0 60.9 60.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,359 1,165 1,407 1,349 1,185 1,226 1,247 1,272 1,401
Unemployment rate........................... 8.3 7.0 8.5 8.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,285 7,432 7,372 7,346 7,307 7,383 7,397 7,437 7,430
Participation rate.......................... 72.7 72.9 72.4 73.3 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.9 73.0
Employed...................................... 6,688 6,894 6,800 6,811 6,832 6,868 6,888 6,897 6,918
Employment-population ratio................. 66.7 67.6 66.8 68.0 67.3 67.5 67.6 67.6 68.0
Unemployed.................................... 597 538 571 535 475 515 509 540 512
Unemployment rate........................... 8.2 7.2 7.8 7.3 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.3 6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,286 8,372 8,314 8,310 8,231 8,262 8,325 8,333 8,340
Participation rate.......................... 66.0 65.7 65.2 66.2 64.9 65.0 65.4 65.4 65.4
Employed...................................... 7,707 7,967 7,716 7,722 7,750 7,786 7,808 7,861 7,731
Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 62.5 60.5 61.5 61.1 61.3 61.3 61.7 60.6
Unemployed.................................... 578 405 598 588 481 476 517 472 609
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 4.8 7.2 7.1 5.8 5.8 6.2 5.7 7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 822 955 891 931 951 982 1,010 972 1,002
Participation rate.......................... 33.2 38.8 36.3 37.6 38.6 39.9 41.0 39.5 40.8
Employed...................................... 638 732 654 705 722 747 789 712 723
Employment-population ratio................. 25.7 29.7 26.6 28.5 29.3 30.4 32.1 28.9 29.4
Unemployed.................................... 184 223 238 226 229 235 221 260 280
Unemployment rate........................... 22.4 23.3 26.7 24.3 24.1 23.9 21.9 26.7 27.9
Men....................................... 25.5 29.2 27.8 24.7 26.7 27.0 22.5 30.1 26.9
Women..................................... 19.3 17.3 25.5 23.9 21.7 21.2 21.3 23.4 28.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,047 22,749 22,769 22,047 22,555 22,618 22,687 22,749 22,769
Civilian labor force............................ 15,142 15,627 15,513 15,181 15,513 15,491 15,626 15,671 15,540
Participation rate.......................... 68.7 68.7 68.1 68.9 68.8 68.5 68.9 68.9 68.2
Employed...................................... 14,208 14,748 14,525 14,309 14,647 14,711 14,686 14,772 14,612
Employment-population ratio................. 64.4 64.8 63.8 64.9 64.9 65.0 64.7 64.9 64.2
Unemployed.................................... 934 879 989 872 866 780 940 899 927
Unemployment rate........................... 6.2 5.6 6.4 5.7 5.6 5.0 6.0 5.7 6.0
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,995 27,693 27,957 27,995 28,346 27,931 27,851 27,693 27,957
Civilian labor force.................... 12,013 11,797 12,065 11,950 12,301 12,192 11,958 11,822 12,008
Percent of population............... 42.9 42.6 43.2 42.7 43.4 43.7 42.9 42.7 43.0
Employed.............................. 11,061 11,049 11,070 11,169 11,542 11,408 11,171 11,077 11,193
Employment-population ratio......... 39.5 39.9 39.6 39.9 40.7 40.8 40.1 40.0 40.0
Unemployed............................ 951 748 995 781 759 784 787 745 816
Unemployment rate................... 7.9 6.3 8.2 6.5 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.8
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,768 57,899 58,092 57,768 57,244 57,365 57,562 57,899 58,092
Civilian labor force.................... 37,676 37,385 37,611 37,513 36,815 36,985 37,129 37,187 37,415
Percent of population............... 65.2 64.6 64.7 64.9 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.2 64.4
Employed.............................. 36,160 36,111 35,950 36,210 35,574 35,707 35,830 35,906 35,986
Employment-population ratio......... 62.6 62.4 61.9 62.7 62.1 62.2 62.2 62.0 61.9
Unemployed............................ 1,516 1,274 1,661 1,303 1,241 1,278 1,299 1,281 1,429
Unemployment rate................... 4.0 3.4 4.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.8
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,689 44,596 44,313 43,689 44,191 44,767 44,770 44,596 44,313
Civilian labor force.................... 32,106 33,128 32,763 32,472 32,952 32,896 32,776 33,045 33,102
Percent of population............... 73.5 74.3 73.9 74.3 74.6 73.5 73.2 74.1 74.7
Employed.............................. 31,185 32,298 31,704 31,620 32,093 32,103 31,897 32,141 32,121
Employment-population ratio......... 71.4 72.4 71.5 72.4 72.6 71.7 71.2 72.1 72.5
Unemployed............................ 921 829 1,059 852 859 793 879 904 981
Unemployment rate................... 2.9 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.0
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,058 45,839 45,790 45,058 45,863 45,785 45,706 45,839 45,790
Civilian labor force.................... 36,087 36,479 36,479 36,104 36,071 36,022 36,237 36,460 36,476
Percent of population............... 80.1 79.6 79.7 80.1 78.6 78.7 79.3 79.5 79.7
Employed.............................. 35,398 35,974 35,873 35,458 35,397 35,431 35,674 35,894 35,909
Employment-population ratio......... 78.6 78.5 78.3 78.7 77.2 77.4 78.1 78.3 78.4
Unemployed............................ 689 505 606 646 674 591 563 566 567
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,357 136,092 134,462 134,976 135,310 135,464 135,478 135,836 135,999
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,644 43,502 43,048 43,763 43,321 43,345 43,251 43,293 43,134
Married women, spouse present................... 34,064 34,090 34,180 34,132 33,491 33,622 33,633 33,635 34,249
Women who maintain families..................... 8,211 8,466 8,299 8,335 8,516 8,449 8,495 8,501 8,426
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,780 41,313 41,339 40,873 40,938 40,745 41,083 41,078 41,430
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,257 40,159 39,886 39,491 39,093 39,521 39,616 39,853 40,086
Service occupations............................. 17,829 18,350 17,922 18,086 18,190 18,555 18,471 18,550 18,158
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,435 14,947 14,651 14,676 15,083 15,050 14,748 14,848 14,889
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,057 18,358 17,808 18,351 18,472 18,305 18,184 18,171 18,092
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,999 2,966 2,856 3,539 3,390 3,318 3,238 3,357 3,372
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,755 1,817 1,721 2,022 2,018 2,041 2,005 2,019 1,983
Self-employed workers......................... 1,172 1,093 1,070 1,295 1,274 1,182 1,180 1,198 1,182
Unpaid family workers......................... 32 26 20 39 38 32 25 34 25
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,652 124,516 122,969 122,713 123,117 123,461 123,632 123,813 124,035
Government.................................. 19,317 19,576 19,163 19,011 19,003 19,073 19,146 19,352 18,843
Private industries.......................... 102,335 104,940 103,806 103,702 104,114 104,388 104,486 104,461 105,192
Private households........................ 905 907 820 949 824 812 827 879 859
Other industries.......................... 101,430 104,032 102,986 102,753 103,290 103,576 103,659 103,582 104,333
Self-employed workers......................... 8,643 8,515 8,559 8,778 8,786 8,561 8,533 8,600 8,698
Unpaid family workers......................... 102 125 124 91 108 136 128 121 110
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,535 3,246 3,693 3,195 3,188 3,222 3,416 3,234 3,327
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,250 2,039 2,445 1,879 2,051 1,909 2,183 1,964 2,035
Could only find part-time work.............. 953 849 895 1,014 831 947 886 896 954
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,153 20,247 18,977 18,752 18,595 18,758 18,896 18,993 18,568
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,355 3,072 3,559 3,048 3,030 3,044 3,285 3,088 3,227
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,140 1,936 2,359 1,792 1,940 1,808 2,082 1,882 1,971
Could only find part-time work.............. 935 838 894 988 817 923 871 877 945
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,677 19,691 18,509 18,207 18,024 18,206 18,323 18,437 18,040
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,669 5,653 5,956 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,337 2,441 2,576 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,253 2,111 2,232 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,079 1,101 1,149 12.8 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8
Married men, spouse present.................... 893 970 1,003 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
Married women, spouse present.................. 922 911 882 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5
Women who maintain families.................... 555 458 576 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 6.4
Full-time workers.............................. 4,539 4,551 4,768 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1
Part-time workers.............................. 1,132 1,122 1,192 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.9
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 759 699 746 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,404 1,433 1,405 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 571 563 570 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,205 1,234 1,390 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 7.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 187 225 234 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.1 6.3 6.5
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,539 4,338 4,685 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.3
Goods-producing industries................... 1,177 1,262 1,410 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.9
Mining..................................... 15 19 11 2.8 5.0 7.1 3.5 3.6 2.2
Construction............................... 492 521 554 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.8
Manufacturing.............................. 670 722 845 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.6 4.2
Durable goods............................ 362 411 501 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 4.2
Nondurable goods......................... 308 311 343 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.3
Service-producing industries................. 3,362 3,076 3,275 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0
Transportation and public utilities........ 261 247 215 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.6 3.2 2.8
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,423 1,322 1,355 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 198 166 191 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.3
Services................................... 1,480 1,341 1,514 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.0
Government workers............................. 400 438 431 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 115 198 196 5.4 7.9 8.8 9.4 8.9 9.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,985 2,176 3,072 2,521 2,498 2,510 2,531 2,440 2,613
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,865 1,807 2,094 1,768 1,750 1,755 1,796 1,852 1,977
15 weeks and over................................ 1,414 1,244 1,420 1,364 1,247 1,311 1,317 1,326 1,371
15 to 26 weeks................................ 656 611 707 683 618 702 713 675 731
27 weeks and over............................. 758 633 714 681 629 609 604 651 640
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.5 12.8 12.2 12.9 12.1 12.4 12.4 12.6 12.6
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.4 6.0 5.5 5.8 5.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 47.7 41.6 46.6 44.6 45.5 45.0 44.8 43.4 43.8
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 29.8 34.6 31.8 31.3 31.8 31.5 31.8 33.0 33.2
15 weeks and over.............................. 22.6 23.8 21.6 24.1 22.7 23.5 23.3 23.6 23.0
15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.5 11.7 10.7 12.1 11.2 12.6 12.6 12.0 12.3
27 weeks and over............................ 12.1 12.1 10.8 12.0 11.4 10.9 10.7 11.6 10.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 3,102 2,587 3,406 2,493 2,502 2,446 2,501 2,514 2,742
On temporary layoff............................. 1,165 1,039 1,567 764 837 825 877 937 1,032
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,937 1,548 1,839 1,729 1,665 1,621 1,624 1,577 1,711
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,226 957 1,223 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 711 591 616 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 765 648 818 781 756 815 768 746 838
Reentrants........................................ 2,062 1,615 1,985 2,033 1,798 1,868 1,936 1,899 1,956
New entrants...................................... 336 377 378 403 429 398 429 466 446
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 49.5 49.5 51.7 43.7 45.6 44.3 44.4 44.7 45.8
On temporary layoff............................ 18.6 19.9 23.8 13.4 15.3 14.9 15.6 16.7 17.2
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.9 29.6 27.9 30.3 30.4 29.3 28.8 28.0 28.6
Job leavers...................................... 12.2 12.4 12.4 13.7 13.8 14.7 13.6 13.3 14.0
Reentrants....................................... 32.9 30.9 30.1 35.6 32.8 33.8 34.4 33.8 32.7
New entrants..................................... 5.4 7.2 5.7 7.1 7.8 7.2 7.6 8.3 7.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9
Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
New entrants..................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.5 3.7 4.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 3.9 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.3 4.5 5.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.8 6.7 8.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,669 5,653 5,956 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,132 2,118 2,205 9.4 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.6
16 to 19 years................................ 1,079 1,101 1,149 12.8 12.9 12.6 13.0 13.1 13.8
16 to 17 years.............................. 485 519 554 14.6 15.7 15.2 15.4 15.8 17.4
18 to 19 years.............................. 593 592 595 11.7 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.6 11.5
20 to 24 years................................ 1,053 1,017 1,056 7.4 6.6 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.2
25 years and over............................... 3,563 3,515 3,767 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2
25 to 54 years................................ 3,079 3,009 3,262 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2
55 years and over............................. 488 481 509 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,950 3,048 3,226 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3
16 to 24 years................................ 1,158 1,159 1,234 9.8 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.7 10.3
16 to 19 years.............................. 613 607 650 14.0 13.7 13.4 13.6 14.1 15.0
16 to 17 years............................ 263 300 335 15.2 17.5 17.6 17.5 18.4 20.5
18 to 19 years............................ 354 310 320 13.4 11.2 10.7 11.3 11.7 11.8
20 to 24 years.............................. 545 552 584 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.6
25 years and over............................. 1,793 1,878 1,987 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,538 1,562 1,679 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1
55 years and over........................... 254 285 303 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,719 2,605 2,730 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1
16 to 24 years................................ 974 959 971 9.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 466 494 498 11.6 12.0 11.9 12.3 12.1 12.4
16 to 17 years............................ 222 219 219 14.0 13.8 12.8 13.4 13.2 14.1
18 to 19 years............................ 239 282 274 9.8 11.0 11.6 11.5 11.6 11.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 508 465 472 7.5 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7
25 years and over............................. 1,770 1,637 1,780 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,541 1,447 1,583 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4
55 years and over........................... 234 196 205 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,161 69,841 25,852 26,208 43,308 43,633
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,354 4,474 1,832 1,901 2,522 2,573
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,197 1,290 597 668 600 622
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 234 303 148 194 86 109
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 963 987 449 474 514 513
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,637 7,134 4,076 3,659 3,560 3,475
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,278 4,001 2,465 2,287 1,813 1,713
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,639 1,480 571 405 1,068 1,075
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 245 251 165 173 80 78
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,446 1,379 858 784 589 595
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2000p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2001p
Total......................... 128,329 132,946 132,756 130,018 130,387 131,723 131,789 131,842 131,861 132,129
Total private.................... 108,048 112,045 111,957 109,618 110,036 111,232 111,325 111,437 111,447 111,661
Goods-producing......................... 25,077 25,773 25,458 25,032 25,677 25,639 25,665 25,635 25,560 25,645
Mining................................ 519 546 540 533 530 539 542 541 540 545
Metal mining........................ 44.8 43.3 43.3 43.0 45 44 44 43 44 43
Coal mining......................... 81.1 78.9 78.7 78.5 81 80 80 78 78 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 290.7 314.0 314.1 312.6 293 307 309 311 311 315
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 102.7 109.8 104.2 99.3 111 108 109 109 107 108
Construction.......................... 6,162 6,850 6,600 6,361 6,652 6,720 6,745 6,734 6,716 6,861
General building contractors........ 1,427.0 1,534.4 1,507.2 1,474.3 1,498 1,510 1,517 1,523 1,525 1,544
Heavy construction, except building. 764.4 910.7 826.3 762.0 892 885 892 882 867 889
Special trade contractors........... 3,970.7 4,405.0 4,266.2 4,124.8 4,262 4,325 4,336 4,329 4,324 4,428
Manufacturing......................... 18,396 18,377 18,318 18,138 18,495 18,380 18,378 18,360 18,304 18,239
Production workers................ 12,629 12,587 12,528 12,363 12,713 12,585 12,583 12,564 12,511 12,445
Durable goods........................ 11,062 11,058 11,042 10,919 11,099 11,052 11,052 11,058 11,032 10,961
Production workers................ 7,559 7,549 7,530 7,415 7,592 7,541 7,542 7,546 7,517 7,451
Lumber and wood products............ 820.8 808.3 801.4 785.6 830 816 812 807 802 796
Furniture and fixtures.............. 553.1 553.5 552.7 547.4 553 556 555 554 551 548
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 550.2 566.3 556.6 545.4 568 565 564 563 561 564
Primary metal industries............ 699.8 690.0 683.4 675.8 699 691 691 690 682 675
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 227.3 221.6 220.0 216.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,523.8 1,535.8 1,533.7 1,517.9 1,523 1,534 1,533 1,535 1,531 1,518
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,130.6 2,121.7 2,129.1 2,122.7 2,130 2,121 2,124 2,127 2,127 2,123
Computer and office equipment..... 368.5 362.1 363.4 362.9 369 361 361 361 362 363
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,676.2 1,723.9 1,731.0 1,722.9 1,679 1,714 1,719 1,724 1,727 1,726
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 640.7 691.6 695.5 697.3 642 681 687 694 696 698
Transportation equipment............ 1,868.5 1,812.5 1,811.2 1,761.4 1,871 1,813 1,812 1,814 1,808 1,765
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,024.7 988.7 986.6 941.5 1,027 993 991 989 983 945
Aircraft and parts................ 471.0 455.9 458.0 456.7 469 457 456 455 457 454
Instruments and related products.... 845.0 848.6 850.3 851.4 847 847 847 850 850 853
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 394.2 397.5 392.9 388.2 399 395 395 394 393 393
Nondurable goods..................... 7,334 7,319 7,276 7,219 7,396 7,328 7,326 7,302 7,272 7,278
Production workers................ 5,070 5,038 4,998 4,948 5,121 5,044 5,041 5,018 4,994 4,994
Food and kindred products........... 1,643.2 1,674.9 1,660.5 1,644.8 1,681 1,661 1,673 1,667 1,666 1,677
Tobacco products.................... 39.4 38.7 39.2 38.5 38 37 37 37 37 37
Textile mill products............... 546.0 532.4 526.0 520.6 548 539 536 530 525 524
Apparel and other textile products.. 657.0 632.8 621.6 612.4 666 639 633 630 623 621
Paper and allied products........... 662.4 656.4 656.4 654.5 664 660 660 657 656 656
Printing and publishing............. 1,547.3 1,563.3 1,562.1 1,552.0 1,549 1,560 1,559 1,557 1,554 1,555
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,026.6 1,022.5 1,021.4 1,019.4 1,031 1,024 1,023 1,024 1,022 1,024
Petroleum and coal products......... 127.5 130.2 126.6 123.8 132 132 131 130 128 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,008.5 995.4 991.3 983.9 1,011 1,002 1,001 998 990 986
Leather and leather products........ 76.0 72.8 70.8 69.5 76 74 73 72 71 70
Service-producing....................... 103,252 107,173 107,298 104,986 104,710 106,084 106,124 106,207 106,301 106,484
Transportation and public utilities... 6,863 7,114 7,148 7,023 6,925 7,037 7,046 7,060 7,086 7,083
Transportation...................... 4,416 4,615 4,641 4,524 4,470 4,549 4,549 4,563 4,580 4,579
Railroad transportation........... 221.7 221.1 216.0 218.0 225 219 219 220 217 221
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 502.5 516.5 516.3 510.1 493 500 498 500 500 501
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,791.3 1,859.6 1,855.6 1,820.2 1,827 1,845 1,843 1,839 1,850 1,856
Water transportation.............. 182.4 202.2 200.0 195.2 192 206 206 206 206 206
Transportation by air............. 1,245.6 1,327.2 1,362.9 1,293.9 1,256 1,291 1,297 1,310 1,317 1,305
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13 12 12 13 12 13
Transportation services........... 460.4 476.2 477.4 473.6 464 476 474 475 478 477
Communications and public utilities. 2,447 2,499 2,507 2,499 2,455 2,488 2,497 2,497 2,506 2,504
Communications.................... 1,587.1 1,646.4 1,654.1 1,648.6 1,591 1,632 1,641 1,644 1,654 1,651
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 859.9 852.8 853.0 850.7 864 856 856 853 852 853
Wholesale trade....................... 6,955 7,104 7,097 7,028 7,005 7,070 7,087 7,093 7,085 7,080
Durable goods....................... 4,158 4,207 4,206 4,176 4,174 4,205 4,207 4,206 4,201 4,194
Nondurable goods.................... 2,797 2,897 2,891 2,852 2,831 2,865 2,880 2,887 2,884 2,886
Retail trade.......................... 22,605 23,604 23,925 22,905 22,973 23,179 23,193 23,238 23,256 23,283
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 965.1 1,009.1 1,001.7 961.1 1,016 1,019 1,022 1,020 1,018 1,012
General merchandise stores.......... 2,800.9 2,980.1 3,059.1 2,768.7 2,765 2,739 2,740 2,770 2,747 2,733
Department stores................. 2,448.6 2,608.8 2,664.9 2,417.0 2,419 2,389 2,389 2,419 2,415 2,394
Food stores......................... 3,485.8 3,558.3 3,591.2 3,511.3 3,501 3,522 3,519 3,516 3,527 3,528
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,367.1 2,424.8 2,416.6 2,401.9 2,399 2,424 2,431 2,430 2,428 2,432
New and used car dealers.......... 1,088.9 1,119.9 1,116.6 1,115.5 1,097 1,118 1,120 1,120 1,121 1,124
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,180.1 1,270.4 1,323.0 1,230.3 1,176 1,209 1,205 1,211 1,217 1,227
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,106.6 1,156.5 1,184.2 1,145.9 1,099 1,122 1,128 1,130 1,139 1,139
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,673.7 8,019.2 8,067.8 7,791.2 7,998 8,076 8,073 8,097 8,113 8,124
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,025.8 3,185.1 3,280.9 3,094.7 3,019 3,068 3,075 3,064 3,067 3,088
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,554 7,626 7,642 7,633 7,612 7,622 7,638 7,647 7,660 7,689
Finance............................. 3,701 3,734 3,749 3,755 3,709 3,729 3,737 3,739 3,748 3,763
Depository institutions........... 2,056.1 2,029.7 2,036.4 2,037.0 2,058 2,038 2,034 2,033 2,035 2,038
Commercial banks................ 1,468.6 1,441.8 1,446.1 1,443.6 1,470 1,450 1,446 1,445 1,445 1,444
Savings institutions............ 246.5 236.6 236.8 236.8 247 239 238 237 237 237
Nondepository institutions........ 697.6 689.1 691.1 695.5 699 687 689 690 690 697
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 337.6 322.2 322.3 325.4 339 322 324 323 322 327
Security and commodity brokers.... 714.0 767.0 772.2 772.4 716 759 766 768 773 776
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 233.4 248.5 249.3 249.8 236 245 248 248 250 252
Insurance........................... 2,366 2,359 2,364 2,363 2,372 2,353 2,355 2,362 2,362 2,368
Insurance carriers................ 1,601.7 1,584.1 1,587.3 1,587.6 1,606 1,582 1,581 1,587 1,586 1,591
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 764.2 774.8 776.6 775.4 766 771 774 775 776 777
Real estate......................... 1,487 1,533 1,529 1,515 1,531 1,540 1,546 1,546 1,550 1,558
Services2............................. 38,994 40,824 40,687 39,997 39,844 40,685 40,696 40,764 40,800 40,881
Agricultural services............... 679.1 809.7 745.8 689.9 806 801 806 810 806 816
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,758.4 1,862.8 1,857.3 1,827.3 1,866 1,923 1,924 1,939 1,945 1,940
Personal services................... 1,312.6 1,259.8 1,276.8 1,362.1 1,263 1,285 1,285 1,288 1,291 1,309
Business services................... 9,356.1 9,969.6 9,863.5 9,511.9 9,571 9,853 9,829 9,823 9,754 9,744
Services to buildings............. 982.6 1,002.8 1,000.8 995.2 997 1,001 1,000 1,004 1,007 1,010
Personnel supply services......... 3,584.3 3,963.9 3,841.5 3,535.3 3,753 3,891 3,861 3,845 3,746 3,711
Help supply services............ 3,205.4 3,521.0 3,405.2 3,129.4 3,361 3,463 3,432 3,413 3,340 3,301
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,897.3 1,979.7 1,996.2 1,996.9 1,896 1,955 1,966 1,982 1,996 1,997
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,182.4 1,203.5 1,212.0 1,214.9 1,194 1,200 1,206 1,206 1,216 1,227
Miscellaneous repair services....... 376.7 384.7 383.4 379.7 382 385 386 386 383 385
Motion pictures..................... 619.4 626.2 641.5 637.2 626 631 630 631 639 646
Amusement and recreation services... 1,475.5 1,621.9 1,608.4 1,553.6 1,721 1,785 1,791 1,793 1,790 1,810
Health services..................... 10042.3 10222.5 10244.1 10235.5 10,066 10,178 10,191 10,208 10,228 10,258
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,906.5 1,954.1 1,963.5 1,966.1 1,910 1,945 1,950 1,953 1,958 1,969
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,782.6 1,797.4 1,799.1 1,792.4 1,788 1,791 1,793 1,793 1,796 1,797
Hospitals......................... 3,997.4 4,046.5 4,056.2 4,062.1 4,001 4,029 4,032 4,045 4,053 4,065
Home health care services......... 631.8 648.7 644.4 636.5 638 645 645 644 642 643
Legal services...................... 1,003.1 1,014.5 1,016.8 1,010.9 1,008 1,014 1,016 1,014 1,015 1,015
Educational services................ 2,251.9 2,558.4 2,518.6 2,315.2 2,308 2,388 2,357 2,365 2,389 2,379
Social services..................... 2,884.9 3,047.6 3,060.6 3,038.5 2,905 3,001 3,019 3,032 3,055 3,057
Child day care services........... 744.4 805.7 807.7 800.9 737 779 784 787 792 792
Residential care.................. 797.4 839.1 844.7 843.2 803 833 838 840 845 849
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 91.7 101.6 101.0 95.0 100 103 103 104 104 104
Membership organizations............ 2,402.3 2,433.6 2,438.4 2,411.7 2,439 2,445 2,446 2,450 2,451 2,447
Engineering and management services. 3,313.0 3,463.0 3,473.9 3,468.4 3,344 3,449 3,463 3,471 3,489 3,499
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 969.2 1,015.0 1,019.0 1,017.1 982 1,012 1,015 1,015 1,023 1,030
Management and public relations... 1,061.1 1,136.9 1,139.5 1,131.7 1,074 1,123 1,129 1,137 1,141 1,146
Services, nec....................... 52.9 52.1 52.9 53.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,281 20,901 20,799 20,400 20,351 20,491 20,464 20,405 20,414 20,468
Federal............................. 2,644 2,613 2,606 2,589 2,663 2,627 2,625 2,615 2,570 2,607
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,780.2 1,746.8 1,742.3 1,733.3 1,797 1,764 1,762 1,760 1,757 1,749
State............................... 4,641 4,898 4,857 4,685 4,725 4,776 4,755 4,748 4,768 4,771
Education......................... 1,923.1 2,144.4 2,108.5 1,940.4 1,981 2,009 1,988 1,977 1,992 1,999
Other State government............ 2,717.5 2,753.4 2,748.5 2,744.7 2,744 2,767 2,767 2,771 2,776 2,772
Local............................... 12,996 13,390 13,336 13,126 12,963 13,088 13,084 13,042 13,076 13,090
Education......................... 7,522.5 7,744.8 7,736.3 7,557.7 7,356 7,396 7,391 7,377 7,383 7,387
Other local government............ 5,473.2 5,644.7 5,599.6 5,568.3 5,607 5,692 5,693 5,665 5,693 5,703
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2000p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.4 34.2 34.2 33.9 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.3 34.1 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 40.8 40.7 40.3 40.0 41.1 40.7 40.9 40.5 39.7 40.4
Mining................................ 44.3 45.0 44.7 44.6 44.7 45.2 45.6 44.9 44.4 45.1
Construction.......................... 38.3 38.4 37.7 37.7 39.3 39.0 39.3 38.5 37.9 38.9
Manufacturing......................... 41.6 41.6 41.2 40.7 41.7 41.3 41.4 41.2 40.4 40.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.1
Durable goods........................ 42.2 42.0 41.6 41.1 42.3 41.8 41.9 41.7 40.6 41.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.0 4.1
Lumber and wood products............ 40.7 40.6 39.9 39.5 41.1 40.5 40.6 40.6 39.7 39.9
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.1 39.7 40.0 38.8 40.2 39.4 39.7 39.4 38.8 38.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.4 43.0 41.9 41.2 43.6 43.1 43.2 42.7 41.7 42.4
Primary metal industries............ 44.6 43.9 43.3 42.9 44.5 43.7 43.8 43.6 42.5 42.8
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 45.3 44.4 43.5 43.1 45.3 44.5 44.2 44.1 43.2 43.1
Fabricated metal products........... 42.3 42.2 41.7 41.4 42.4 42.0 42.1 41.7 40.6 41.5
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.5 42.2 42.2 41.8 42.3 42.1 42.1 42.0 41.2 41.7
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.0 41.6 41.2 41.2 40.9 40.5 41.0
Transportation equipment............ 43.7 43.3 42.0 41.5 43.8 42.9 43.1 42.9 40.6 41.6
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.8 43.6 41.5 40.7 45.0 43.6 44.0 43.2 39.8 40.8
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.4 41.3 40.9 41.3 41.1 41.2 41.0 40.4 40.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.1 39.6 39.4 38.8 39.5 39.3 39.3 39.1 38.7 39.2
Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.9 40.7 40.2 40.9 40.6 40.6 40.4 40.0 40.4
Overtime hours.................... 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1
Food and kindred products........... 41.3 41.8 41.5 40.9 41.6 41.4 41.4 41.2 40.7 41.2
Tobacco products.................... 39.1 39.8 39.9 38.2 40.8 40.3 38.9 38.6 38.6 39.1
Textile mill products............... 40.9 40.9 41.0 40.4 41.1 41.0 40.9 40.5 40.5 40.4
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.2 36.9 36.9 36.1 37.6 36.8 36.9 36.8 36.4 36.5
Paper and allied products........... 43.4 43.1 42.7 42.5 43.3 42.7 42.5 42.6 41.8 42.4
Printing and publishing............. 37.9 38.5 38.3 37.7 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.0 37.7 38.1
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.8 43.1 43.2 42.5 42.9 42.9 43.0 42.6 42.4 42.7
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 45.1 44.5 45.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.5 41.2 40.9 40.7 41.6 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.0 40.9
Leather and leather products........ 37.0 38.3 37.6 37.4 37.8 37.4 37.4 38.1 37.2 38.2
Service-producing....................... 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.4 32.9 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.3 38.5 38.6 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.7 38.7
Wholesale trade....................... 38.6 38.5 38.3 37.9 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.6 38.3 38.4
Retail trade.......................... 28.5 28.6 28.8 28.2 29.1 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.6 29.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.8 35.9 36.1 36.0 36.2 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.2
Services.............................. 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.3 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2000p 2001p 2000 2000 2000p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.58 $13.98 $14.03 $14.09 $467.15 $478.12 $479.83 $477.65
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.49 13.96 14.02 14.02 465.41 478.83 478.08 480.89
Goods-producing......................... 15.06 15.65 15.68 15.62 614.45 636.96 631.90 624.80
Mining................................ 17.30 17.06 17.19 17.22 766.39 767.70 768.39 768.01
Construction.......................... 17.39 18.16 18.22 18.19 666.04 697.34 686.89 685.76
Manufacturing......................... 14.19 14.62 14.69 14.63 590.30 608.19 605.23 595.44
Durable goods........................ 14.72 15.22 15.26 15.17 621.18 639.24 634.82 623.49
Lumber and wood products............ 11.67 11.89 11.96 11.96 474.97 482.73 477.20 472.42
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.47 11.94 12.02 12.00 459.95 474.02 480.80 465.60
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.94 14.51 14.51 14.54 591.06 623.93 607.97 599.05
Primary metal industries............ 16.20 16.64 16.66 16.66 722.52 730.50 721.38 714.71
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.16 19.27 19.26 19.50 867.95 855.59 837.81 840.45
Fabricated metal products........... 13.71 14.08 14.13 14.12 579.93 594.18 589.22 584.57
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.39 15.93 16.04 15.97 654.08 672.25 676.89 667.55
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.77 13.93 14.03 14.04 572.83 578.10 583.65 575.64
Transportation equipment............ 18.57 19.82 19.72 19.30 811.51 858.21 828.24 800.95
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.99 20.57 20.41 19.85 850.75 896.85 847.02 807.90
Instruments and related products.... 14.38 14.91 15.06 15.00 595.33 617.27 621.98 613.50
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.52 11.78 11.91 11.93 450.43 466.49 469.25 462.88
Nondurable goods..................... 13.37 13.71 13.82 13.82 544.16 560.74 562.47 555.56
Food and kindred products........... 12.23 12.57 12.67 12.65 505.10 525.43 525.81 517.39
Tobacco products.................... 17.21 18.40 18.55 18.42 672.91 732.32 740.15 703.64
Textile mill products............... 10.84 11.04 11.05 11.10 443.36 451.54 453.05 448.44
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.03 9.16 9.23 9.27 335.92 338.00 340.59 334.65
Paper and allied products........... 16.02 16.36 16.56 16.53 695.27 705.12 707.11 702.53
Printing and publishing............. 14.10 14.52 14.61 14.60 534.39 559.02 559.56 550.42
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.70 18.17 18.30 18.17 757.56 783.13 790.56 772.23
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.62 21.31 21.54 21.51 933.98 961.08 958.53 978.71
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.61 12.95 13.06 13.09 523.32 533.54 534.15 532.76
Leather and leather products........ 10.08 10.18 10.26 10.33 372.96 389.89 385.78 386.34
Service-producing....................... 13.11 13.46 13.53 13.63 430.01 438.80 442.43 441.61
Transportation and public utilities... 15.98 16.43 16.52 16.51 612.03 632.56 637.67 630.68
Wholesale trade....................... 14.99 15.46 15.58 15.55 578.61 595.21 596.71 589.35
Retail trade.......................... 9.33 9.60 9.64 9.68 265.91 274.56 277.63 272.98
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.99 15.25 15.33 15.41 551.63 547.48 553.41 554.76
Services.............................. 13.78 14.17 14.29 14.36 450.61 461.94 464.43 463.83
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change
Industry 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2001p from:
Dec. 2000-
Jan. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.49 $13.83 $13.88 $13.96 $14.02 $14.02 0.0
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.88 7.87 7.89 7.92 7.94 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.13 15.46 15.57 15.66 15.64 15.71 .4
Mining...................... 17.09 17.09 17.08 17.13 17.10 17.01 -.5
Construction................ 17.50 17.96 18.00 18.20 18.15 18.31 .9
Manufacturing............... 14.15 14.43 14.56 14.63 14.61 14.60 -.1
Excluding overtime4....... 13.41 13.73 13.81 13.90 13.93 13.90 -.2
Service-producing............. 12.97 13.33 13.36 13.44 13.53 13.51 -.1
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.92 16.30 16.38 16.42 16.50 16.46 -.2
Wholesale trade............. 14.90 15.32 15.36 15.46 15.56 15.49 -.4
Retail trade................ 9.26 9.54 9.56 9.60 9.65 9.61 -.4
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.86 15.19 15.18 15.27 15.35 15.39 .3
Services.................... 13.61 13.97 14.00 14.12 14.20 14.22 .1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .3 percent from November 2000 to December 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2000 2000 2000p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2001p
Total private.................... 146.6 152.2 151.6 146.4 150.6 151.4 151.6 151.5 150.5 151.8
Goods-producing......................... 112.7 116.3 113.2 109.6 117.5 115.6 116.1 114.7 112.1 114.5
Mining................................ 49.3 52.0 50.9 49.4 51.0 51.4 52.2 51.1 50.4 51.1
Construction.......................... 163.3 185.5 173.5 165.1 185.8 184.2 186.4 181.4 178.0 188.0
Manufacturing......................... 105.9 105.5 104.2 101.5 107.0 104.9 105.0 104.3 101.8 102.6
Durable goods........................ 111.3 110.7 109.2 106.3 112.1 110.0 110.2 109.7 106.6 107.1
Lumber and wood products............ 144.4 141.3 138.0 133.2 148.0 142.6 142.3 141.3 137.3 136.7
Furniture and fixtures.............. 138.4 136.7 137.4 131.6 138.7 136.6 137.0 135.6 132.3 132.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 109.4 114.5 108.7 104.1 117.0 114.4 114.6 112.8 108.7 111.5
Primary metal industries............ 92.6 90.1 87.9 86.0 92.1 89.8 90.0 89.4 86.0 85.7
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.9 69.0 67.3 65.6 72.0 69.9 69.0 68.9 66.7 65.8
Fabricated metal products........... 120.3 121.1 119.4 116.8 120.5 120.3 120.6 119.6 116.1 117.2
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.7 104.6 105.3 103.9 104.8 104.3 104.6 104.4 102.5 103.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 107.2 109.7 110.6 107.7 107.4 108.2 108.2 108.0 107.5 108.0
Transportation equipment............ 125.8 121.3 117.3 112.0 126.8 119.8 120.9 120.4 113.0 112.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 169.8 158.9 150.5 139.9 171.4 159.5 161.0 157.0 143.1 140.8
Instruments and related products.... 75.0 74.5 74.5 73.8 75.0 73.8 73.6 73.8 72.9 73.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.8 101.6 99.0 96.3 102.6 99.9 99.5 99.0 97.6 98.9
Nondurable goods..................... 98.5 98.4 97.2 95.0 100.1 97.9 97.9 97.0 95.4 96.5
Food and kindred products........... 113.8 118.1 116.0 113.1 117.7 115.5 116.6 115.6 114.1 116.4
Tobacco products.................... 55.0 52.6 53.1 49.7 52.6 49.9 48.2 47.8 47.8 46.5
Textile mill products............... 78.4 76.5 75.5 73.6 79.1 77.5 77.2 75.4 74.7 74.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 56.9 54.5 53.3 51.5 58.6 54.9 54.5 54.0 52.8 53.0
Paper and allied products........... 106.3 104.5 103.5 103.0 106.4 104.3 103.6 103.4 101.1 102.9
Printing and publishing............. 120.5 124.1 123.2 119.4 122.0 122.7 122.8 121.5 120.2 121.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 102.9 101.6 101.3 99.2 103.4 101.1 101.0 100.3 99.4 100.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 64.3 62.3 58.7 58.8 67.5 61.5 62.0 61.0 59.4 62.4
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.9 143.7 142.6 140.5 148.5 145.0 144.5 143.6 139.1 141.2
Leather and leather products........ 31.9 31.5 30.1 29.3 32.5 31.0 30.5 31.0 29.7 29.9
Service-producing....................... 161.8 168.3 168.9 163.0 165.4 167.5 167.6 168.0 167.7 168.5
Transportation and public utilities... 132.9 140.2 141.3 137.0 135.0 138.5 139.2 139.2 140.3 140.4
Wholesale trade....................... 130.9 133.7 132.7 130.0 132.3 133.3 133.3 134.0 132.7 133.0
Retail trade.......................... 139.5 146.3 149.8 139.2 144.9 144.4 144.6 145.4 143.9 146.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.8 138.6 139.4 138.9 139.1 139.9 139.5 139.8 140.4 140.8
Services.............................. 201.8 210.9 209.7 204.4 206.3 210.5 210.5 210.9 210.9 210.9
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 53.7 55.2 50.6 p52.9
2001.............. p54.6
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 58.4 50.8 52.1 p53.8 p54.1
2001..............
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 56.0 54.4 57.2 p53.9 p52.9
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 63.8 60.8 59.8 57.9 p55.2 p55.5
2001..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 38.8 45.7 42.8 p41.7
2001.............. p39.2
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 36.3 28.8 35.3 p37.4 p33.5
2001..............
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 38.1 33.5 35.3 p30.6 p27.0
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 44.6 39.2 39.2 34.2 p30.6 p31.3
2001..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: March 09, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jan2001.htm
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