Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-47
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 1, 2002.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2002
Employment continued to decline in January, and the unemployment rate
decreased to 5.6 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment declined
by 89,000 over the month, as job losses continued in manufacturing and
construction employment also fell.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons declined in January by 337,000, to 7.9
million (after seasonal adjustment). The unemployment rate decreased by
0.2 percentage point to 5.6 percent, reversing an increase of the same size
in December. The rate was 1.7 percentage points above its most recent low
of 3.9 percent reached in October 2000. (See table A-1.)
In January, the unemployment rate for adult women decreased by 0.4 percent-
age point to 4.8 percent after rising by 0.3 percentage point in December.
Jobless rates for adult men (5.2 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites
(5.0 percent), blacks (9.8 percent), and Hispanics (8.1 percent) showed little
or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment fell by 587,000 in January to 133.5 million, after
seasonal adjustment. The employment-population ratio dropped by 0.4 percent-
age point to 62.6 percent. Over the past 12 months, the number of employed
persons has declined by 2.4 million and the employment-population ratio has
fallen by 1.8 percentage points. (See table A-1.)
Over the month, the number of persons working part time despite their
preference for full-time work decreased by 294,000 to 4.0 million, after
seasonal adjustment. Over the year, however, the number of these persons
working part time for economic reasons has risen by 685,000. (See table
A-4.)
The civilian labor force fell by 924,000 in January, to 141.4 million
persons. The labor force participation rate--the proportion of the
population that is either working or looking for work--fell to 66.4 percent.
(See table A-1.)
About 7.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in January. These multiple jobholders represented 5.3 percent of the
total employed, the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In January, the number of persons not in the labor force who reported
that they currently want a job rose by 163,000 to 4.8 million, seasonally
adjusted. These individuals are not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4-week period preceding the survey. Most had
not searched for over a year. (See table A-1.)
About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in January, up from 1.3 million persons a year
ago. These individuals reported they wanted and were available for work
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers was 319,000 in January, essentially unchanged from a year earlier.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| Dec.-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | Jan.
|_________________|_________________|________|change
| III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,700| 142,291| 142,279| 142,314| 141,390| -924
Employment..........| 134,839| 134,308| 134,253| 134,055| 133,468| -587
Unemployment........| 6,860| 7,983| 8,026| 8,259| 7,922| -337
Not in labor force....| 70,438| 70,467| 70,488| 70,613| 71,699| 1,086
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.8| 5.6| 5.6| 5.8| 5.6| -0.2
Adult men...........| 4.3| 5.0| 5.2| 5.2| 5.2| .0
Adult women.........| 4.2| 5.0| 4.9| 5.2| 4.8| -.4
Teenagers...........| 15.2| 15.8| 15.7| 16.2| 16.1| -.1
White...............| 4.2| 4.9| 5.0| 5.1| 5.0| -.1
Black...............| 8.7| 9.9| 9.9| 10.2| 9.8| -.4
Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 7.5| 7.4| 7.9| 8.1| .2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,358|p131,502| 131,427|p131,297|p131,208| p-89
Goods-producing 1/..| 24,991| p24,590| 24,577| p24,448| p24,303| p-145
Construction......| 6,866| p6,850| 6,851| p6,847| p6,793| p-54
Manufacturing.....| 17,556| p17,174| 17,159| p17,037| p16,948| p-89
Service-producing 1/| 107,367|p106,912| 106,850|p106,849|p106,905| p56
Retail trade......| 23,575| p23,404| 23,424| p23,365| p23,427| p62
Services..........| 41,103| p40,942| 40,889| p40,942| p40,940| p-2
Government........| 20,973| p21,022| 21,006| p21,063| p21,058| p-5
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.1| p34.1| 34.1| p34.1| p34.0| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 40.7| p40.5| 40.3| p40.6| p40.5| p-.1
Overtime..........| 4.0| p3.8| 3.7| p3.8| p3.9| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 150.3| p148.8| 148.7| p148.7| p148.1| p-0.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.40| p$14.53| $14.54| p$14.59| p$14.59| p$0.00
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 490.93| p495.10| 495.81| p497.52| p496.06| p-1.46
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available
for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 89,000 in January to 131.2
million, seasonally adjusted. Since the recession began in March 2001,
payroll employment has declined by 1.4 million. In January, job losses
continued in manufacturing, and construction experienced its first large
employment decline since last April. Services employment was about
unchanged over the month. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment fell by 89,000 in January, compared with
average losses of 137,000 a month in the fourth quarter of 2001. Within
manufacturing, motor vehicle employment decreased by 22,000, reflecting
temporary shutdowns for inventory control. Large employment declines
continued in industrial machinery (-19,000). Primary metals and electrical
equipment each lost 11,000 jobs in January, and employment in fabricated
metals fell by 10,000. In nondurable goods manufacturing, declines
continued in printing and publishing (-8,000) and textile mill products
(-4,000).
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector in January, construction
employment fell by 54,000, despite relatively mild weather across most of
the country. The decline was spread throughout special trades (-33,000),
heavy construction (-16,000), and general building contractors (-5,000).
Mining lost jobs for the third consecutive month in January. This industry's
employment had been on a growth trend since September 1999, reflecting
expansion in oil and gas extraction. January's employment decline was
primarily in metal mining (-2,000).
Employment in the services industry was about unchanged in January,
following a net decline of 192,000 in the fourth quarter of 2001. Help
supply services employment was essentially unchanged in January; employment
has fallen by 661,000 since its recent peak in September 2000. Computer
services lost 18,000 jobs in January and has dropped by 34,000 since
June 2001. Hotels lost 7,000 jobs in January; since peaking in March 2001,
employment in this industry has declined by 124,000. In contrast, employment
gains continued in health services in January, and social services had an
above-average increase of 15,000.
Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, employment was unchanged over
the month in transportation and public utilities, following seven
consecutive monthly declines that totaled 211,000. In January, employment
in air transportation rose after seasonal adjustment because extremely
light holiday-season hiring by air courier services resulted in fewer
layoffs than usual. Communications continued to lose jobs; since its peak
last July, employment has declined by 26,000.
In finance, both depository institutions and mortgage brokerages
continued to add workers, aided by low interest rates. Employment in
security and commodity brokerages was little changed in January, following
a large decline in December.
Wholesale trade employment continued its downward trend in January. The
industry has lost 145,000 jobs since its peak in November 2000. Employment
in government was essentially unchanged in January.
Following losses that totaled 241,000 in the last 5 months of 2001,
retail trade posted a seasonally adjusted gain of 62,000 jobs in January.
Seasonal hiring for the holidays in department, apparel, and miscellaneous
retail stores (such as toy stores) had been very light. As a result, there
were fewer seasonal layoffs than usual in January, resulting in large
employment gains after seasonal adjustment. An employment decline of
22,000 in eating and drinking places more than offset the small gains of
the prior 2 months and brought total job losses in the industry since July
to 129,000. In January, car dealers added 4,000 jobs, following similar
increases in November and December.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in January to 34.0 hours, seasonally
adjusted. Following an increase of 0.3 hour in December, the manufacturing
workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours in January. Manufacturing
overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.4 percent in January to
148.1 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index has fallen by 2.7 percent
from its recent peak in January 2001. The manufacturing index fell by 0.9
percent to 92.6 in January 2002 and has fallen by 9.7 percent since January
2001. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls were unchanged in January at $14.59, seasonally
adjusted. This followed a gain of 5 cents (as revised) in December.
Average weekly earnings fell by 0.3 percent in January to $496.06. Over
the year, average hourly earnings increased by 4.0 percent and average
weekly earnings grew by 2.8 percent. (See table B-3.)
_____________________________
The Employment Situation for February 2002 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, March 8, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 210,889 212,927 213,089 210,889 212,357 212,581 212,767 212,927 213,089
Civilian labor force............................ 141,049 141,912 141,074 141,757 142,068 142,280 142,279 142,314 141,390
Participation rate........................ 66.9 66.6 66.2 67.2 66.9 66.9 66.9 66.8 66.4
Employed...................................... 134,462 134,235 132,139 135,870 135,004 134,615 134,253 134,055 133,468
Employment-population ratio............... 63.8 63.0 62.0 64.4 63.6 63.3 63.1 63.0 62.6
Agriculture................................. 2,811 2,946 2,896 3,169 3,181 3,203 3,154 3,246 3,273
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,651 131,288 129,244 132,701 131,823 131,412 131,099 130,809 130,195
Unemployed.................................... 6,587 7,678 8,935 5,887 7,064 7,665 8,026 8,259 7,922
Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 5.4 6.3 4.2 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.6
Not in labor force.............................. 69,841 71,015 72,014 69,132 70,289 70,301 70,488 70,613 71,699
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,474 4,347 4,872 4,420 4,568 4,673 4,698 4,661 4,824
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,357 102,402 102,484 101,357 102,110 102,229 102,322 102,402 102,484
Civilian labor force............................ 75,149 75,643 75,208 75,678 75,951 76,027 76,023 75,976 75,469
Participation rate........................ 74.1 73.9 73.4 74.7 74.4 74.4 74.3 74.2 73.6
Employed...................................... 71,405 71,311 70,053 72,492 72,177 71,871 71,570 71,577 71,114
Employment-population ratio............... 70.4 69.6 68.4 71.5 70.7 70.3 69.9 69.9 69.4
Unemployed.................................... 3,744 4,332 5,155 3,186 3,774 4,156 4,453 4,399 4,356
Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.7 6.9 4.2 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 93,184 94,161 94,228 93,184 93,917 94,015 94,077 94,161 94,228
Civilian labor force............................ 71,161 71,862 71,593 71,374 71,805 71,940 71,935 71,988 71,534
Participation rate........................ 76.4 76.3 76.0 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 75.9
Employed...................................... 68,101 68,172 67,127 68,825 68,696 68,486 68,204 68,276 67,818
Employment-population ratio............... 73.1 72.4 71.2 73.9 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.5 72.0
Agriculture................................. 1,907 1,962 1,976 2,132 2,138 2,132 2,082 2,141 2,207
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,194 66,210 65,152 66,693 66,558 66,354 66,122 66,135 65,611
Unemployed.................................... 3,060 3,690 4,466 2,549 3,109 3,454 3,731 3,712 3,716
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 5.1 6.2 3.6 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,532 110,525 110,605 109,532 110,247 110,353 110,445 110,525 110,605
Civilian labor force............................ 65,899 66,269 65,867 66,079 66,117 66,253 66,256 66,338 65,920
Participation rate........................ 60.2 60.0 59.6 60.3 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 59.6
Employed...................................... 63,057 62,923 62,087 63,378 62,827 62,744 62,683 62,478 62,354
Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 56.9 56.1 57.9 57.0 56.9 56.8 56.5 56.4
Unemployed.................................... 2,842 3,346 3,780 2,701 3,290 3,509 3,573 3,860 3,566
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 5.0 5.7 4.1 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,643 102,492 102,550 101,643 102,277 102,371 102,438 102,492 102,550
Civilian labor force............................ 62,164 62,521 62,277 62,071 62,222 62,269 62,321 62,481 62,056
Participation rate........................ 61.2 61.0 60.7 61.1 60.8 60.8 60.8 61.0 60.5
Employed...................................... 59,760 59,665 59,048 59,869 59,463 59,302 59,288 59,205 59,102
Employment-population ratio............... 58.8 58.2 57.6 58.9 58.1 57.9 57.9 57.8 57.6
Agriculture................................. 777 798 771 835 823 842 852 859 824
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,983 58,867 58,277 59,034 58,640 58,460 58,436 58,346 58,277
Unemployed.................................... 2,404 2,856 3,229 2,202 2,759 2,967 3,033 3,276 2,954
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 4.6 5.2 3.5 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,063 16,275 16,310 16,063 16,163 16,195 16,252 16,275 16,310
Civilian labor force............................ 7,724 7,529 7,204 8,312 8,041 8,071 8,023 7,845 7,800
Participation rate........................ 48.1 46.3 44.2 51.7 49.7 49.8 49.4 48.2 47.8
Employed...................................... 6,601 6,397 5,964 7,176 6,845 6,827 6,761 6,574 6,548
Employment-population ratio............... 41.1 39.3 36.6 44.7 42.3 42.2 41.6 40.4 40.1
Agriculture................................. 126 186 149 202 220 229 220 246 241
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,475 6,211 5,815 6,974 6,625 6,598 6,541 6,328 6,307
Unemployed.................................... 1,123 1,131 1,240 1,136 1,196 1,244 1,262 1,271 1,252
Unemployment rate......................... 14.5 15.0 17.2 13.7 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2 16.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 175,246 176,607 176,713 175,246 176,220 176,372 176,500 176,607 176,713
Civilian labor force............................ 117,622 118,126 117,569 118,097 118,274 118,506 118,566 118,403 117,759
Participation rate.......................... 67.1 66.9 66.5 67.4 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.0 66.6
Employed...................................... 112,768 112,459 110,796 113,857 113,147 112,878 112,652 112,388 111,876
Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 63.7 62.7 65.0 64.2 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.3
Unemployed.................................... 4,854 5,667 6,773 4,240 5,127 5,628 5,914 6,015 5,883
Unemployment rate........................... 4.1 4.8 5.8 3.6 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,265 60,779 60,511 60,454 60,751 60,957 60,900 60,875 60,473
Participation rate.......................... 76.7 76.7 76.3 76.9 76.9 77.0 76.9 76.8 76.3
Employed...................................... 57,927 57,950 57,024 58,562 58,428 58,287 58,044 58,051 57,658
Employment-population ratio................. 73.7 73.1 71.9 74.5 73.9 73.7 73.3 73.3 72.7
Unemployed.................................... 2,338 2,829 3,487 1,892 2,323 2,670 2,856 2,824 2,815
Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 4.7 5.8 3.1 3.8 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,848 50,999 50,941 50,661 50,680 50,762 50,850 50,869 50,698
Participation rate.......................... 60.6 60.3 60.2 60.3 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.2 59.9
Employed...................................... 49,171 48,974 48,610 49,128 48,747 48,695 48,712 48,591 48,562
Employment-population ratio................. 58.6 57.9 57.5 58.5 57.8 57.7 57.7 57.5 57.4
Unemployed.................................... 1,677 2,025 2,330 1,533 1,933 2,067 2,138 2,278 2,136
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 4.0 4.6 3.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,509 6,348 6,117 6,982 6,843 6,787 6,816 6,659 6,588
Participation rate.......................... 51.3 49.4 47.5 55.0 53.4 52.9 53.1 51.8 51.2
Employed...................................... 5,670 5,535 5,162 6,167 5,972 5,896 5,896 5,746 5,656
Employment-population ratio................. 44.7 43.0 40.1 48.6 46.6 45.9 45.9 44.7 44.0
Unemployed.................................... 839 813 955 815 871 891 920 913 932
Unemployment rate........................... 12.9 12.8 15.6 11.7 12.7 13.1 13.5 13.7 14.2
Men....................................... 15.8 14.3 16.8 13.1 13.6 14.7 15.8 14.6 13.7
Women..................................... 9.8 11.3 14.5 10.2 11.7 11.5 11.1 12.8 14.6
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,382 25,752 25,785 25,382 25,644 25,686 25,720 25,752 25,785
Civilian labor force............................ 16,577 16,851 16,623 16,754 16,827 16,748 16,687 16,833 16,769
Participation rate.......................... 65.3 65.4 64.5 66.0 65.6 65.2 64.9 65.4 65.0
Employed...................................... 15,170 15,262 14,906 15,387 15,339 15,144 15,040 15,122 15,119
Employment-population ratio................. 59.8 59.3 57.8 60.6 59.8 59.0 58.5 58.7 58.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,407 1,589 1,717 1,367 1,488 1,604 1,647 1,711 1,650
Unemployment rate........................... 8.5 9.4 10.3 8.2 8.8 9.6 9.9 10.2 9.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,372 7,526 7,520 7,419 7,486 7,354 7,385 7,490 7,546
Participation rate.......................... 72.4 72.8 72.7 72.9 72.8 71.4 71.6 72.5 72.9
Employed...................................... 6,800 6,840 6,776 6,901 6,905 6,751 6,739 6,811 6,872
Employment-population ratio................. 66.8 66.2 65.5 67.8 67.1 65.5 65.3 65.9 66.4
Unemployed.................................... 571 686 745 518 581 603 646 679 674
Unemployment rate........................... 7.8 9.1 9.9 7.0 7.8 8.2 8.7 9.1 8.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,314 8,453 8,316 8,338 8,431 8,450 8,371 8,456 8,329
Participation rate.......................... 65.2 65.4 64.3 65.4 65.5 65.6 64.9 65.4 64.4
Employed...................................... 7,716 7,811 7,582 7,763 7,783 7,734 7,669 7,720 7,628
Employment-population ratio................. 60.5 60.4 58.6 60.9 60.5 60.0 59.4 59.7 58.9
Unemployed.................................... 598 642 734 575 648 716 702 736 702
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 7.6 8.8 6.9 7.7 8.5 8.4 8.7 8.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 891 871 787 997 910 944 931 887 894
Participation rate.......................... 36.3 34.9 31.5 40.6 36.6 37.9 37.3 35.5 35.8
Employed...................................... 654 610 548 723 651 659 632 591 619
Employment-population ratio................. 26.6 24.4 22.0 29.5 26.2 26.5 25.3 23.7 24.8
Unemployed.................................... 238 262 238 274 259 285 299 296 274
Unemployment rate........................... 26.7 30.0 30.3 27.5 28.5 30.2 32.1 33.4 30.7
Men....................................... 27.8 31.3 32.8 27.3 30.8 31.2 31.6 32.0 32.1
Women..................................... 25.5 28.5 27.2 27.6 26.1 29.1 32.6 34.8 29.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,769 23,478 23,542 22,769 23,288 23,351 23,417 23,478 23,542
Civilian labor force............................ 15,513 15,994 15,926 15,609 15,811 15,956 15,932 16,013 15,988
Participation rate.......................... 68.1 68.1 67.6 68.6 67.9 68.3 68.0 68.2 67.9
Employed...................................... 14,525 14,760 14,553 14,682 14,785 14,824 14,751 14,753 14,700
Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 62.9 61.8 64.5 63.5 63.5 63.0 62.8 62.4
Unemployed.................................... 989 1,234 1,373 927 1,026 1,132 1,181 1,260 1,288
Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 7.7 8.6 5.9 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.9 8.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,957 27,815 28,078 27,957 27,478 27,325 27,504 27,815 28,078
Civilian labor force.................... 12,065 12,195 12,201 12,017 11,981 12,076 12,035 12,257 12,112
Percent of population............... 43.2 43.8 43.5 43.0 43.6 44.2 43.8 44.1 43.1
Employed.............................. 11,070 11,099 10,970 11,216 11,056 11,139 11,066 11,173 11,126
Employment-population ratio......... 39.6 39.9 39.1 40.1 40.2 40.8 40.2 40.2 39.6
Unemployed............................ 995 1,097 1,231 801 925 937 969 1,084 986
Unemployment rate................... 8.2 9.0 10.1 6.7 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.8 8.1
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 58,092 57,520 57,608 58,092 57,400 57,221 57,400 57,520 57,608
Civilian labor force.................... 37,611 37,036 37,128 37,305 36,923 36,912 36,719 36,856 36,675
Percent of population............... 64.7 64.4 64.4 64.2 64.3 64.5 64.0 64.1 63.7
Employed.............................. 35,950 35,248 34,838 35,917 35,319 35,199 34,882 35,051 34,768
Employment-population ratio......... 61.9 61.3 60.5 61.8 61.5 61.5 60.8 60.9 60.4
Unemployed............................ 1,661 1,789 2,290 1,388 1,604 1,713 1,837 1,805 1,907
Unemployment rate................... 4.4 4.8 6.2 3.7 4.3 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.2
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,313 45,362 45,075 44,313 45,424 45,471 45,353 45,362 45,075
Civilian labor force.................... 32,763 33,563 33,126 33,181 33,759 33,373 33,420 33,521 33,516
Percent of population............... 73.9 74.0 73.5 74.9 74.3 73.4 73.7 73.9 74.4
Employed.............................. 31,704 32,216 31,604 32,210 32,570 32,057 32,018 32,087 32,117
Employment-population ratio......... 71.5 71.0 70.1 72.7 71.7 70.5 70.6 70.7 71.3
Unemployed............................ 1,059 1,347 1,523 971 1,189 1,316 1,402 1,434 1,398
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 4.0 4.6 2.9 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,790 46,877 46,985 45,790 46,870 47,371 47,225 46,877 46,985
Civilian labor force.................... 36,479 37,071 37,140 36,465 36,918 37,157 37,324 37,101 37,106
Percent of population............... 79.7 79.1 79.0 79.6 78.8 78.4 79.0 79.1 79.0
Employed.............................. 35,873 36,045 36,013 35,878 36,008 36,153 36,223 35,960 36,013
Employment-population ratio......... 78.3 76.9 76.6 78.4 76.8 76.3 76.7 76.7 76.6
Unemployed............................ 606 1,026 1,127 587 910 1,004 1,101 1,141 1,093
Unemployment rate................... 1.7 2.8 3.0 1.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.9
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,462 134,235 132,139 135,870 135,004 134,615 134,253 134,055 133,468
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,048 42,879 42,566 43,304 43,099 42,983 42,861 42,772 42,823
Married women, spouse present................... 34,180 33,514 33,440 33,932 33,604 33,227 33,330 33,209 33,174
Women who maintain families..................... 8,299 8,504 8,313 8,391 8,274 8,256 8,331 8,458 8,396
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,339 41,953 41,564 41,450 41,813 41,940 41,925 41,890 41,668
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,886 38,970 38,480 39,991 38,891 38,626 38,546 38,573 38,557
Service occupations............................. 17,922 18,408 18,238 18,222 18,402 18,406 18,456 18,532 18,553
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,651 14,513 14,144 14,938 14,857 14,802 14,637 14,507 14,432
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,808 17,365 16,719 18,124 17,654 17,596 17,311 17,179 17,032
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,856 3,026 2,996 3,317 3,281 3,264 3,267 3,371 3,467
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,721 1,715 1,674 1,971 1,882 1,898 1,865 1,879 1,917
Self-employed workers......................... 1,070 1,211 1,186 1,186 1,278 1,290 1,276 1,313 1,311
Unpaid family workers......................... 20 20 35 27 24 26 12 27 49
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,969 122,781 121,022 124,128 123,186 122,710 122,507 122,196 122,145
Government.................................. 19,163 19,418 19,238 18,953 19,290 19,223 19,172 19,183 19,047
Private industries.......................... 103,806 103,364 101,784 105,175 103,896 103,487 103,335 103,013 103,098
Private households........................ 820 743 690 862 804 867 790 736 725
Other industries.......................... 102,986 102,620 101,094 104,313 103,092 102,620 102,545 102,277 102,373
Self-employed workers......................... 8,559 8,406 8,114 8,661 8,556 8,505 8,507 8,524 8,213
Unpaid family workers......................... 124 101 107 112 101 95 77 92 97
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,693 4,388 4,470 3,288 4,148 4,329 4,206 4,267 3,973
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,445 2,943 3,072 2,029 2,796 2,983 2,796 2,809 2,549
Could only find part-time work.............. 895 1,117 1,047 934 1,064 1,108 1,121 1,161 1,089
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,977 19,801 18,566 18,696 18,798 18,644 18,587 18,540 18,291
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,559 4,199 4,249 3,172 4,015 4,222 4,017 4,119 3,781
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,359 2,826 2,955 1,955 2,704 2,898 2,679 2,717 2,448
Could only find part-time work.............. 894 1,103 1,023 935 1,045 1,082 1,096 1,138 1,068
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,509 19,228 18,071 18,139 18,232 18,065 18,007 17,960 17,717
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,887 8,259 7,922 4.2 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.6
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,549 3,712 3,716 3.6 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,202 3,276 2,954 3.5 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,136 1,271 1,252 13.7 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2 16.1
Married men, spouse present.................... 1,007 1,516 1,544 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5
Married women, spouse present.................. 889 1,280 1,173 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4
Women who maintain families.................... 573 731 719 6.4 7.1 6.8 8.0 8.0 7.9
Full-time workers.............................. 4,693 6,820 6,671 4.0 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.7
Part-time workers.............................. 1,183 1,383 1,240 4.9 4.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.2
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 744 1,233 1,244 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,433 2,114 2,005 3.5 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.2 4.9
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 581 889 965 3.7 4.9 5.6 5.8 5.8 6.3
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,355 1,738 1,790 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.1 9.2 9.5
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 237 264 298 6.7 7.2 6.4 6.8 7.3 7.9
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,633 6,839 6,505 4.2 5.2 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.9
Goods-producing industries................... 1,384 2,072 2,055 4.8 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.4 7.4
Mining..................................... 12 32 29 2.2 5.0 5.8 5.3 6.1 5.9
Construction............................... 545 734 790 6.7 7.8 8.3 8.9 8.9 9.4
Manufacturing.............................. 827 1,306 1,236 4.1 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8 6.6
Durable goods............................ 482 846 798 4.0 5.8 6.5 6.9 7.2 7.0
Nondurable goods......................... 345 460 438 4.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.1 5.9
Service-producing industries................. 3,249 4,767 4,450 4.0 4.9 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.4
Transportation and public utilities........ 231 497 500 2.9 3.9 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,360 1,963 1,730 4.9 5.9 6.1 6.4 7.1 6.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 189 244 184 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.2
Services................................... 1,469 2,063 2,037 3.9 4.8 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4
Government workers............................. 422 475 440 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 194 199 219 9.0 7.6 9.0 9.3 9.6 10.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 3,072 2,641 3,466 2,631 2,807 3,084 3,090 3,024 2,978
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,094 2,749 2,795 1,940 2,366 2,522 2,573 2,724 2,586
15 weeks and over................................ 1,420 2,287 2,673 1,357 1,907 2,042 2,317 2,410 2,546
15 to 26 weeks................................ 707 1,185 1,430 709 1,084 1,136 1,207 1,295 1,418
27 weeks and over............................. 714 1,103 1,244 648 823 906 1,110 1,115 1,127
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.2 14.8 14.2 12.6 13.3 13.0 14.4 14.5 14.6
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.5 8.3 8.1 5.9 7.3 7.4 7.6 8.2 8.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.6 34.4 38.8 44.4 39.6 40.3 38.7 37.1 36.7
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 31.8 35.8 31.3 32.7 33.4 33.0 32.2 33.4 31.9
15 weeks and over.............................. 21.6 29.8 29.9 22.9 26.9 26.7 29.0 29.5 31.4
15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.7 15.4 16.0 12.0 15.3 14.9 15.1 15.9 17.5
27 weeks and over............................ 10.8 14.4 13.9 10.9 11.6 11.8 13.9 13.7 13.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 3,406 4,420 5,365 2,762 3,595 4,297 4,501 4,492 4,354
On temporary layoff............................. 1,567 1,183 1,753 1,002 1,114 1,288 1,157 1,107 1,124
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,839 3,237 3,611 1,760 2,481 3,009 3,344 3,385 3,231
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,223 2,463 2,764 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 616 774 848 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 818 814 884 813 819 880 848 908 879
Reentrants........................................ 1,985 2,051 2,270 1,921 2,102 2,113 2,197 2,361 2,191
New entrants...................................... 378 393 417 439 466 466 497 495 479
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 51.7 57.6 60.0 46.5 51.5 55.4 56.0 54.4 55.1
On temporary layoff............................ 23.8 15.4 19.6 16.9 16.0 16.6 14.4 13.4 14.2
Not on temporary layoff........................ 27.9 42.2 40.4 29.7 35.5 38.8 41.6 41.0 40.9
Job leavers...................................... 12.4 10.6 9.9 13.7 11.7 11.3 10.5 11.0 11.1
Reentrants....................................... 30.1 26.7 25.4 32.4 30.1 27.2 27.3 28.6 27.7
New entrants..................................... 5.7 5.1 4.7 7.4 6.7 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.4 3.1 3.8 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.4 3.1 3.8 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.7 5.4 6.3 4.2 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.9 5.6 6.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.5 6.3 7.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 8.1 9.3 10.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,887 8,259 7,922 4.2 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.6
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,188 2,679 2,653 9.5 10.8 11.5 11.7 11.9 11.9
16 to 19 years................................ 1,136 1,271 1,252 13.7 14.9 15.4 15.7 16.2 16.1
16 to 17 years.............................. 529 566 487 16.6 16.6 17.4 17.5 18.8 17.0
18 to 19 years.............................. 589 722 749 11.5 13.9 14.2 14.8 14.8 15.2
20 to 24 years................................ 1,052 1,408 1,401 7.2 8.6 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.7
25 years and over............................... 3,708 5,428 5,268 3.1 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.4
25 to 54 years................................ 3,244 4,674 4,655 3.2 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.7
55 years and over............................. 501 773 675 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.5
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,186 4,399 4,356 4.2 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.8
16 to 24 years................................ 1,226 1,483 1,439 10.2 11.5 12.4 13.0 12.8 12.5
16 to 19 years.............................. 637 687 640 14.8 16.0 17.2 17.7 17.2 16.3
16 to 17 years............................ 309 308 249 19.0 18.7 20.3 20.4 20.0 17.6
18 to 19 years............................ 320 382 383 11.9 14.5 15.1 16.2 15.6 15.1
20 to 24 years.............................. 589 796 799 7.7 9.1 9.8 10.5 10.5 10.6
25 years and over............................. 1,958 2,883 2,908 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,677 2,413 2,532 3.1 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.7
55 years and over........................... 301 447 408 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.8
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,701 3,860 3,566 4.1 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.4
16 to 24 years................................ 962 1,196 1,214 8.8 10.1 10.5 10.3 11.0 11.3
16 to 19 years.............................. 499 584 612 12.5 13.6 13.6 13.7 15.1 15.8
16 to 17 years............................ 220 258 238 14.0 14.3 14.5 14.5 17.6 16.4
18 to 19 years............................ 269 340 365 11.1 13.3 13.3 13.3 14.0 15.2
20 to 24 years.............................. 463 612 601 6.7 8.1 8.7 8.3 8.7 8.7
25 years and over............................. 1,750 2,545 2,360 3.2 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,567 2,261 2,123 3.3 4.0 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6
55 years and over........................... 200 326 267 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.7 3.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan.
2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,841 72,014 26,208 27,276 43,633 44,738
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,474 4,872 1,901 2,140 2,573 2,732
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,290 1,509 668 746 622 763
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 303 319 194 198 109 122
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 987 1,190 474 549 513 641
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,134 6,953 3,659 3,633 3,475 3,320
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,001 3,839 2,287 2,187 1,713 1,652
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,480 1,517 405 483 1,075 1,034
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 251 223 173 143 78 80
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,379 1,353 784 811 595 542
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2001p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2002p
Total......................... 130,413 132,435 132,128 129,234 132,428 132,230 131,782 131,427 131,297 131,208
Total private.................... 109,860 110,988 110,739 108,264 111,799 111,249 110,784 110,421 110,234 110,150
Goods-producing......................... 25,087 24,696 24,370 23,777 25,633 24,888 24,746 24,577 24,448 24,303
Mining................................ 539 571 563 550 550 569 569 567 564 562
Metal mining........................ 38.3 34.5 32.7 31.2 39 35 35 34 33 31
Coal mining......................... 75.5 81.6 82.9 82.4 75 80 81 81 82 82
Oil and gas extraction.............. 322.1 339.8 337.6 332.5 325 342 340 339 336 337
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 103.1 115.3 110.2 104.3 111 112 113 113 113 112
Construction.......................... 6,379 6,938 6,736 6,362 6,826 6,871 6,852 6,851 6,847 6,793
General building contractors........ 1,475.9 1,570.9 1,546.6 1,479.9 1,538 1,562 1,560 1,561 1,556 1,551
Heavy construction, except building. 791.1 966.1 893.2 802.4 921 932 933 942 942 926
Special trade contractors........... 4,112.1 4,401.0 4,296.6 4,079.7 4,367 4,377 4,359 4,348 4,349 4,316
Manufacturing......................... 18,169 17,187 17,071 16,865 18,257 17,448 17,325 17,159 17,037 16,948
Production workers................ 12,309 11,530 11,428 11,262 12,394 11,706 11,626 11,500 11,402 11,340
Durable goods........................ 11,000 10,250 10,177 10,042 11,031 10,460 10,363 10,240 10,153 10,071
Production workers................ 7,425 6,821 6,763 6,648 7,462 6,970 6,897 6,805 6,743 6,684
Lumber and wood products............ 792.9 787.3 779.0 769.2 806 794 789 784 780 783
Furniture and fixtures.............. 551.8 498.0 500.4 496.3 552 513 505 499 500 498
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 562.6 563.8 554.4 538.8 579 567 566 562 558 553
Primary metal industries............ 682.6 620.3 615.3 602.6 681 638 633 619 612 601
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 217.0 203.7 200.8 191.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,525.2 1,439.5 1,432.5 1,416.1 1,526 1,464 1,454 1,435 1,427 1,417
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,123.0 1,911.4 1,896.1 1,878.9 2,117 1,965 1,943 1,917 1,893 1,874
Computer and office equipment..... 372.0 338.3 334.5 331.9 369 344 342 339 334 329
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,735.3 1,500.2 1,481.9 1,466.8 1,735 1,551 1,529 1,499 1,475 1,464
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 713.2 590.5 584.4 580.7 714 613 601 591 583 578
Transportation equipment............ 1,768.6 1,708.3 1,702.1 1,662.1 1,772 1,735 1,714 1,706 1,693 1,665
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 951.4 906.6 910.4 879.4 952 919 903 903 902 880
Aircraft and parts................ 462.3 457.6 449.0 440.9 462 465 463 456 447 441
Instruments and related products.... 869.4 840.5 837.5 836.6 870 851 849 843 838 837
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 388.5 380.2 378.1 374.2 393 382 381 376 377 379
Nondurable goods..................... 7,169 6,937 6,894 6,823 7,226 6,988 6,962 6,919 6,884 6,877
Production workers................ 4,884 4,709 4,665 4,614 4,932 4,736 4,729 4,695 4,659 4,656
Food and kindred products........... 1,658.7 1,697.5 1,680.5 1,659.9 1,684 1,682 1,689 1,691 1,683 1,686
Tobacco products.................... 33.0 34.0 34.2 34.1 32 33 33 33 32 33
Textile mill products............... 500.7 447.2 443.6 435.6 505 459 454 446 443 439
Apparel and other textile products.. 586.6 536.6 526.7 518.7 599 551 542 533 529 530
Paper and allied products........... 649.7 627.1 626.2 623.5 651 629 628 627 624 624
Printing and publishing............. 1,530.4 1,458.0 1,454.8 1,433.3 1,534 1,473 1,465 1,452 1,445 1,437
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,036.8 1,022.8 1,020.0 1,018.7 1,039 1,031 1,027 1,024 1,021 1,021
Petroleum and coal products......... 122.5 127.3 125.7 122.7 127 128 128 127 127 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 984.2 927.2 923.5 918.0 987 941 935 927 921 920
Leather and leather products........ 66.6 59.7 58.4 58.0 68 61 61 59 59 59
Service-producing....................... 105,326 107,739 107,758 105,457 106,795 107,342 107,036 106,850 106,849 106,905
Transportation and public utilities... 7,045 6,998 6,980 6,859 7,106 7,070 7,016 6,952 6,919 6,919
Transportation...................... 4,524 4,459 4,449 4,347 4,580 4,528 4,472 4,414 4,390 4,400
Railroad transportation........... 225.7 224.9 223.4 220.3 229 226 225 224 224 224
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 487.2 496.1 500.1 496.7 479 482 479 480 485 488
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,833.3 1,843.2 1,834.1 1,797.6 1,868 1,838 1,832 1,830 1,831 1,832
Water transportation.............. 189.5 201.9 199.0 193.3 201 205 206 204 205 204
Transportation by air............. 1,300.3 1,237.9 1,245.1 1,196.3 1,312 1,300 1,264 1,221 1,198 1,206
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 14.2 14.2 13.6 14 14 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 474.0 441.2 433.4 429.3 477 463 452 441 433 432
Communications and public utilities. 2,521 2,539 2,531 2,512 2,526 2,542 2,544 2,538 2,529 2,519
Communications.................... 1,676.0 1,690.9 1,685.6 1,669.8 1,679 1,695 1,695 1,689 1,684 1,674
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 845.0 848.2 845.1 842.6 847 847 849 849 845 845
Wholesale trade....................... 7,013 6,953 6,946 6,873 7,067 6,988 6,971 6,941 6,933 6,925
Durable goods....................... 4,178 4,087 4,089 4,053 4,198 4,123 4,114 4,087 4,085 4,073
Nondurable goods.................... 2,835 2,866 2,857 2,820 2,869 2,865 2,857 2,854 2,848 2,852
Retail trade.......................... 23,053 23,784 24,030 23,071 23,415 23,536 23,422 23,424 23,365 23,427
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 955.7 1,001.1 999.1 968.8 1,007 1,013 1,012 1,010 1,013 1,021
General merchandise stores.......... 2,814.6 2,992.3 3,057.9 2,815.7 2,789 2,793 2,764 2,778 2,754 2,774
Department stores................. 2,470.0 2,627.1 2,674.8 2,470.5 2,448 2,450 2,422 2,420 2,410 2,436
Food stores......................... 3,521.2 3,573.1 3,590.8 3,513.0 3,538 3,538 3,542 3,539 3,530 3,531
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,392.7 2,428.0 2,419.9 2,405.8 2,424 2,435 2,429 2,430 2,431 2,437
New and used car dealers.......... 1,116.0 1,137.7 1,137.0 1,136.9 1,124 1,133 1,134 1,137 1,141 1,145
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,224.4 1,260.4 1,301.8 1,227.0 1,221 1,224 1,208 1,203 1,197 1,223
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,154.7 1,163.6 1,191.7 1,151.3 1,147 1,138 1,136 1,136 1,143 1,143
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,849.5 8,124.3 8,164.1 7,863.5 8,157 8,242 8,187 8,198 8,203 8,181
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,140.4 3,241.2 3,305.1 3,125.6 3,132 3,153 3,144 3,130 3,094 3,117
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,540 7,615 7,613 7,581 7,594 7,633 7,634 7,638 7,627 7,636
Finance............................. 3,728 3,766 3,772 3,768 3,738 3,758 3,761 3,772 3,769 3,779
Depository institutions........... 2,021.5 2,040.9 2,044.9 2,045.2 2,024 2,039 2,041 2,045 2,044 2,048
Commercial banks................ 1,415.5 1,425.5 1,428.7 1,428.6 1,418 1,423 1,427 1,428 1,427 1,432
Savings institutions............ 253.0 258.9 259.7 260.2 253 256 257 259 260 261
Nondepository institutions........ 676.0 716.8 727.9 728.7 678 706 712 717 727 732
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 299.3 332.4 341.1 344.2 301 323 326 333 342 347
Security and commodity brokers.... 774.0 749.5 741.2 737.5 777 755 750 751 741 740
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 256.3 259.2 257.9 256.1 259 258 258 259 257 259
Insurance........................... 2,341 2,353 2,354 2,343 2,346 2,362 2,361 2,356 2,352 2,349
Insurance carriers................ 1,584.6 1,594.2 1,594.8 1,589.8 1,588 1,601 1,602 1,597 1,594 1,594
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 756.1 759.0 758.7 753.2 758 761 759 759 758 755
Real estate......................... 1,471 1,496 1,487 1,470 1,510 1,513 1,512 1,510 1,506 1,508
Services2............................. 40,122 40,942 40,800 40,103 40,984 41,134 40,995 40,889 40,942 40,940
Agricultural services............... 700.8 839.2 779.5 714.8 818 838 841 840 845 836
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,837.0 1,779.8 1,764.0 1,731.0 1,952 1,913 1,862 1,852 1,843 1,836
Personal services................... 1,311.5 1,242.6 1,271.6 1,336.6 1,261 1,284 1,281 1,271 1,287 1,286
Business services................... 9,663.9 9,501.5 9,423.1 9,118.2 9,888 9,581 9,467 9,356 9,343 9,319
Services to buildings............. 994.3 993.1 985.8 973.4 1,007 997 995 996 992 985
Personnel supply services......... 3,596.6 3,402.9 3,321.0 3,084.7 3,779 3,488 3,378 3,282 3,247 3,243
Help supply services............ 3,196.5 3,029.9 2,954.6 2,743.8 3,372 3,106 3,005 2,913 2,889 2,886
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,175.1 2,185.1 2,192.0 2,170.7 2,176 2,200 2,201 2,189 2,189 2,171
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,280.3 1,297.0 1,297.0 1,301.8 1,291 1,306 1,298 1,305 1,304 1,313
Miscellaneous repair services....... 360.6 360.7 358.5 354.0 365 363 362 360 359 358
Motion pictures..................... 592.5 574.9 580.8 580.4 600 586 582 584 579 587
Amusement and recreation services... 1,524.0 1,595.7 1,586.1 1,526.2 1,769 1,766 1,781 1,762 1,772 1,768
Health services..................... 10187.9 10468.7 10496.6 10485.2 10,211 10,408 10,431 10,458 10,483 10,508
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,951.2 1,999.7 2,006.6 2,007.5 1,953 1,992 1,993 2,000 2,002 2,010
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,800.8 1,840.6 1,844.5 1,841.6 1,806 1,830 1,834 1,837 1,842 1,847
Hospitals......................... 4,030.6 4,150.5 4,161.2 4,165.3 4,035 4,124 4,135 4,149 4,158 4,168
Home health care services......... 638.2 662.1 660.9 652.3 646 655 655 657 659 659
Legal services...................... 1,012.4 1,029.9 1,032.3 1,029.2 1,017 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,032 1,034
Educational services................ 2,291.2 2,634.6 2,590.6 2,369.8 2,363 2,446 2,436 2,439 2,462 2,448
Social services..................... 2,969.2 3,114.2 3,119.9 3,102.8 2,985 3,085 3,096 3,100 3,106 3,121
Child day care services........... 739.5 771.5 771.1 761.8 732 756 757 755 757 755
Residential care.................. 822.4 853.7 853.5 855.0 827 851 854 855 853 860
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 99.3 108.0 107.6 101.7 109 112 112 110 110 111
Membership organizations............ 2,451.8 2,489.9 2,494.8 2,466.7 2,487 2,509 2,505 2,505 2,505 2,501
Engineering and management services. 3,468.2 3,531.9 3,525.5 3,512.5 3,496 3,533 3,538 3,543 3,539 3,541
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,035.6 1,063.1 1,059.1 1,056.5 1,046 1,067 1,069 1,065 1,064 1,067
Management and public relations... 1,106.8 1,128.4 1,124.4 1,117.1 1,119 1,122 1,124 1,127 1,124 1,130
Services, nec....................... 50.2 51.5 50.5 50.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,553 21,447 21,389 20,970 20,629 20,981 20,998 21,006 21,063 21,058
Federal............................. 2,598 2,608 2,599 2,596 2,613 2,627 2,625 2,607 2,614 2,616
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,738.9 1,763.9 1,756.9 1,755.9 1,755 1,776 1,779 1,777 1,774 1,774
State............................... 4,712 5,064 5,024 4,836 4,800 4,931 4,919 4,916 4,930 4,929
Education......................... 1,967.4 2,274.6 2,237.2 2,052.4 2,028 2,129 2,107 2,109 2,117 2,116
Other State government............ 2,744.1 2,789.5 2,786.5 2,783.9 2,772 2,802 2,812 2,807 2,813 2,813
Local............................... 13,243 13,775 13,766 13,538 13,216 13,423 13,454 13,483 13,519 13,513
Education......................... 7,629.5 7,993.7 7,988.6 7,790.1 7,468 7,595 7,607 7,630 7,643 7,627
Other local government............ 5,613.2 5,781.1 5,777.5 5,747.5 5,748 5,828 5,847 5,853 5,876 5,886
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2001p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2002p
Total private.................... 33.9 34.0 34.4 33.6 34.4 34.1 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.0
Goods-producing......................... 40.1 40.2 40.4 39.9 40.5 40.2 40.0 40.0 40.1 40.3
Mining................................ 42.5 43.0 43.1 42.2 43.1 43.5 43.1 43.2 43.1 42.9
Construction.......................... 38.1 38.9 38.3 38.5 39.1 39.1 38.7 39.2 38.8 39.7
Manufacturing......................... 40.9 40.7 41.3 40.4 41.0 40.6 40.5 40.3 40.6 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9
Durable goods........................ 41.1 40.9 41.6 40.7 41.3 40.9 40.7 40.4 40.9 40.8
Overtime hours.................... 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8
Lumber and wood products............ 39.4 40.6 40.6 39.7 39.8 41.1 40.6 40.5 40.7 40.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.0 38.7 39.9 39.8 39.2 38.8 38.3 38.4 38.9 40.0
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 41.9 44.1 43.6 43.3 43.0 44.0 43.9 43.8 43.6 44.4
Primary metal industries............ 43.9 43.2 44.5 43.4 43.8 43.7 43.2 42.6 43.9 43.3
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.7 43.8 43.8 43.3 44.7 45.5 44.0 43.3 43.8 43.2
Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 41.2 42.2 41.0 41.7 41.2 41.0 40.7 41.3 41.1
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.7 40.2 41.0 40.3 41.5 40.3 40.4 39.9 40.1 40.1
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 40.3 39.3 40.2 38.4 40.3 39.1 39.0 38.8 39.3 38.4
Transportation equipment............ 41.6 41.8 42.8 42.3 42.0 41.5 41.3 41.3 41.8 42.7
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 41.5 42.7 44.1 43.7 42.1 42.3 41.9 42.2 43.1 44.5
Instruments and related products.... 41.2 40.6 41.2 40.2 41.0 41.1 40.7 40.3 40.5 40.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 37.9 37.3 38.2 37.1 38.3 37.6 37.5 37.1 37.8 37.5
Nondurable goods..................... 40.5 40.5 40.8 39.9 40.6 40.2 40.2 40.0 40.2 40.0
Overtime hours.................... 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0
Food and kindred products........... 41.0 41.5 41.6 40.4 41.3 41.0 41.1 40.8 40.9 40.7
Tobacco products.................... 39.0 40.3 41.3 38.7 40.4 40.0 40.2 39.8 40.6 40.1
Textile mill products............... 40.6 39.8 40.5 40.0 40.7 39.8 39.7 39.5 40.0 40.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.2 37.0 37.7 36.5 37.6 36.9 36.8 36.9 37.3 36.9
Paper and allied products........... 42.2 41.9 42.3 41.6 41.9 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.5 41.4
Printing and publishing............. 38.1 38.4 38.4 37.3 38.4 38.1 38.0 37.8 37.9 37.5
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.6 42.4 42.5 41.9 42.6 42.2 42.3 42.1 41.9 42.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 44.7 41.8 41.3 40.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.1 40.9 42.0 40.9 41.0 40.8 40.5 40.7 41.2 40.9
Leather and leather products........ 36.6 37.0 37.6 37.7 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.6 37.5 38.1
Service-producing....................... 32.4 32.5 33.0 32.1 32.9 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6
Transportation and public utilities... 38.2 37.7 38.3 37.2 38.7 37.6 37.8 37.8 38.0 37.6
Wholesale trade....................... 37.9 38.2 38.6 37.9 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.2
Retail trade.......................... 28.2 28.5 29.2 28.0 29.1 28.7 28.7 28.8 28.9 28.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.0 36.7 35.8 36.2 36.2 36.0 36.2 36.1 36.0
Services.............................. 32.3 32.5 32.9 32.2 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.5
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2001p 2002p 2001 2001 2001p 2002p
Total private.................... $14.10 $14.56 $14.64 $14.67 $477.99 $495.04 $503.62 $492.91
Seasonally adjusted............. 14.03 14.54 14.59 14.59 482.63 495.81 497.52 496.06
Goods-producing......................... 15.60 16.18 16.25 16.18 625.56 650.44 656.50 645.58
Mining................................ 17.67 17.79 17.90 18.03 750.98 764.97 771.49 760.87
Construction.......................... 18.17 18.51 18.65 18.48 692.28 720.04 714.30 711.48
Manufacturing......................... 14.59 15.07 15.19 15.17 596.73 613.35 627.35 612.87
Durable goods........................ 14.98 15.55 15.68 15.64 615.68 636.00 652.29 636.55
Lumber and wood products............ 12.13 12.41 12.37 12.36 477.92 503.85 502.22 490.69
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.92 12.40 12.56 12.60 464.88 479.88 501.14 501.48
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.65 15.16 15.23 15.35 613.84 668.56 664.03 664.66
Primary metal industries............ 16.66 17.31 17.26 17.21 731.37 747.79 768.07 746.91
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 20.16 20.75 20.61 20.68 901.15 908.85 902.72 895.44
Fabricated metal products........... 13.99 14.44 14.63 14.56 581.98 594.93 617.39 596.96
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.73 16.15 16.33 16.34 655.94 649.23 669.53 658.50
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 14.07 14.87 15.01 14.97 567.02 584.39 603.40 574.85
Transportation equipment............ 18.57 19.51 19.65 19.49 772.51 815.52 841.02 824.43
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.77 19.96 20.19 19.99 778.96 852.29 890.38 873.56
Instruments and related products.... 14.64 15.03 15.16 15.20 603.17 610.22 624.59 611.04
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.98 12.46 12.67 12.58 454.04 464.76 483.99 466.72
Nondurable goods..................... 13.97 14.37 14.45 14.47 565.79 581.99 589.56 577.35
Food and kindred products........... 12.70 13.11 13.21 13.11 520.70 544.07 549.54 529.64
Tobacco products.................... 21.34 22.32 22.21 21.87 832.26 899.50 917.27 846.37
Textile mill products............... 11.32 11.43 11.52 11.61 459.59 454.91 466.56 464.40
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.39 9.58 9.69 9.73 349.31 354.46 365.31 355.15
Paper and allied products........... 16.53 17.13 17.17 17.23 697.57 717.75 726.29 716.77
Printing and publishing............. 14.59 14.93 15.04 15.06 555.88 573.31 577.54 561.74
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.34 18.74 18.81 18.93 781.28 794.58 799.43 793.17
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.10 22.38 21.95 21.79 987.87 935.48 906.54 886.85
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.24 13.53 13.67 13.68 544.16 553.38 574.14 559.51
Leather and leather products........ 10.51 10.09 10.25 10.22 384.67 373.33 385.40 385.29
Service-producing....................... 13.65 14.09 14.19 14.24 442.26 457.93 468.27 457.10
Transportation and public utilities... 16.56 17.23 17.26 17.30 632.59 649.57 661.06 643.56
Wholesale trade....................... 15.56 15.91 16.16 16.09 589.72 607.76 623.78 609.81
Retail trade.......................... 9.69 9.98 9.99 10.05 273.26 284.43 291.71 281.40
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.45 16.04 16.21 16.18 556.20 577.44 594.91 579.24
Services.............................. 14.39 14.92 15.09 15.08 464.80 484.90 496.46 485.58
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change
Industry 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2002p from:
Dec. 2001-
Jan. 2002
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $14.03 $14.45 $14.47 $14.54 $14.59 $14.59 0.0
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.90 8.02 8.06 8.11 8.16 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.67 16.04 16.05 16.15 16.21 16.24 .2
Mining...................... 17.49 17.67 17.73 17.85 17.80 17.84 .2
Construction................ 18.28 18.36 18.38 18.46 18.58 18.55 -.2
Manufacturing............... 14.54 14.96 14.97 15.05 15.10 15.13 .2
Excluding overtime4....... 13.83 14.28 14.31 14.38 14.41 14.43 .1
Service-producing............. 13.54 13.98 14.01 14.07 14.13 14.12 -.1
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.51 17.02 17.09 17.23 17.23 17.26 .2
Wholesale trade............. 15.53 15.95 15.89 15.91 16.04 16.07 .2
Retail trade................ 9.64 9.87 9.91 9.98 9.99 9.99 .0
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.44 16.01 16.05 16.07 16.16 16.16 .0
Services.................... 14.25 14.76 14.81 14.87 14.94 14.93 -.1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .6 percent from November 2001 to December 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2001 2001 2001p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2002p
Total private.................... 147.0 149.2 150.5 143.1 152.2 149.9 148.9 148.7 148.7 148.1
Goods-producing......................... 110.1 108.7 107.3 102.5 114.4 109.5 108.3 107.5 107.1 106.9
Mining................................ 50.4 55.2 54.2 51.3 52.5 55.1 54.8 54.8 54.1 53.7
Construction.......................... 168.1 189.2 178.9 167.9 187.6 188.0 185.5 187.9 185.7 188.2
Manufacturing......................... 101.4 94.6 95.1 91.6 102.5 95.9 94.9 93.4 93.4 92.6
Durable goods........................ 106.5 97.2 98.1 94.4 107.4 99.4 97.9 96.0 96.2 95.3
Lumber and wood products............ 133.5 136.2 134.4 129.3 137.4 138.6 136.1 135.1 135.1 133.4
Furniture and fixtures.............. 134.2 119.2 123.6 122.1 135.2 123.2 119.5 118.3 120.2 123.2
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 111.2 117.4 113.4 109.0 117.8 117.8 117.0 116.0 114.7 115.4
Primary metal industries............ 88.8 77.9 79.5 76.0 88.3 81.7 79.9 76.5 78.0 75.5
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 67.8 61.5 60.8 57.3 68.2 65.3 63.2 60.6 60.5 57.4
Fabricated metal products........... 118.1 109.4 111.2 106.5 118.3 111.1 109.7 107.4 108.3 107.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 101.2 85.5 86.4 84.0 100.6 88.2 87.5 85.1 84.2 83.3
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 106.3 86.9 87.5 82.9 106.1 89.6 87.9 85.5 85.2 82.7
Transportation equipment............ 111.4 107.1 108.8 104.1 113.3 108.0 105.9 105.4 105.6 105.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 143.0 139.0 143.5 135.4 146.5 139.9 135.3 136.5 138.5 139.2
Instruments and related products.... 76.1 70.7 71.7 70.1 75.7 72.9 71.9 70.5 70.5 69.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 94.2 89.0 90.6 86.3 96.6 90.2 89.6 87.3 89.3 88.6
Nondurable goods..................... 94.5 91.1 91.0 87.9 95.7 91.0 90.8 89.8 89.6 89.0
Food and kindred products........... 113.0 117.0 115.5 111.0 116.0 113.7 115.5 114.5 113.9 113.7
Tobacco products.................... 47.0 50.5 51.7 49.4 46.0 47.5 47.8 47.3 46.3 49.7
Textile mill products............... 70.9 62.0 62.1 60.0 71.2 63.7 62.8 61.4 61.2 60.3
Apparel and other textile products.. 49.7 44.4 44.4 42.4 51.4 45.7 44.9 44.1 44.1 43.9
Paper and allied products........... 101.5 97.5 98.0 96.0 100.9 96.7 96.5 96.2 95.9 95.5
Printing and publishing............. 117.9 112.9 112.7 107.5 119.3 113.4 112.5 110.7 110.2 108.4
Chemicals and allied products....... 99.6 96.8 96.4 94.8 99.7 96.9 96.8 96.2 95.2 95.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 69.8 71.5 69.8 66.6 73.1 73.4 71.6 71.7 71.1 69.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 142.0 132.6 135.7 131.2 142.3 134.5 132.6 131.8 132.9 131.9
Leather and leather products........ 28.0 25.3 24.8 24.9 28.9 25.7 24.9 24.7 24.8 25.7
Service-producing....................... 163.6 167.4 169.9 161.4 169.2 168.1 167.1 167.1 167.4 166.6
Transportation and public utilities... 137.6 135.8 137.3 131.0 140.8 136.7 136.3 135.0 135.1 133.9
Wholesale trade....................... 129.8 129.9 130.9 127.0 132.3 130.6 129.7 129.3 129.7 129.4
Retail trade.......................... 140.5 146.5 151.6 138.7 147.5 145.7 144.8 145.3 145.5 145.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.2 138.8 141.4 136.8 139.2 140.0 139.3 140.2 139.5 138.8
Services.............................. 205.2 210.8 212.2 203.7 212.4 212.4 211.1 211.1 211.7 210.5
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 43.9 44.1 38.7 38.7 p41.2
2002.............. p50.1
Over 3-month span:
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.9 38.8 35.8 p35.0 p38.1
2002..............
Over 6-month span:
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 44.1 38.5 37.1 35.6 p34.4 p35.4
2002..............
Over 12-month span:
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7
2001.............. 49.6 47.7 45.0 43.1 40.5 p39.5 p39.4
2002..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 27.6 36.0 29.4 25.7 p28.7
2002.............. p40.8
Over 3-month span:
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 21.0 19.9 19.9 21.0 p17.3 p21.7
2002..............
Over 6-month span:
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 20.2 15.1 13.2 14.0 p11.8 p15.8
2002..............
Over 12-month span:
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0
2001.............. 19.1 16.5 14.7 16.2 15.1 p12.1 p14.0
2002..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: March 08, 2002
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jan2002.htm
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