Technical information: USDL 00-220
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, August 4, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 2000
Total nonfarm payroll employment decreased by 108,000 in July, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
Private-sector payroll employment rose by 138,000, but this was more than
offset by a decline in federal government employment, as 290,000 temporary
workers hired for the decennial census completed their work. The
unemployment rate, at 4.0 percent, was unchanged in July. Average hourly
earnings rose by 6 cents over the month and by 3.7 percent over the year.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The unemployment rate held at 4.0 percent in July, and the number of
unemployed persons was essentially unchanged. The jobless rate has been
in the 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999. The unemployment
rate for teenagers rose in July to 13.4 percent, seasonally adjusted.
Unemployment rates for the other major worker groups--adult men
(3.2 percent), adult women (3.7 percent), whites (3.5 percent), blacks
(7.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no change
over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Both the civilian labor force (140.4 million) and total employment
(134.7 million) declined in July. The employment-population ratio--the
proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--fell to
64.2 percent, the same as a year earlier, but down from its peak of
64.9 percent in April. (See table A-1.)
Approximately 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more
than one job in July. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent
of total employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier.
(See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in July. These people wanted and were
available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
discouraged workers was 265,000 in July. Discouraged workers, a subset of
the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| June-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | July
|_________________|_________________ ________|change
| I | II | May | June | July |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 140,489| 140,762| 140,399| -363
Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 134,715| 135,179| 134,749| -430
Unemployment........| 5,733| 5,627| 5,774| 5,583| 5,650| 67
Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 68,882| 68,781| 69,329| 548
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.1| 4.0| 4.1| 4.0| 4.0| .0
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.3| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| .0
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.8| 3.8| 3.7| -0.1
Teenagers...........| 13.4| 12.3| 12.5| 11.6| 13.4| 1.8
White...............| 3.5| 3.4| 3.5| 3.4| 3.5| .1
Black...............| 7.8| 7.7| 8.0| 7.9| 7.7| -.2
Hispanic origin.....| 5.9| 5.6| 5.8| 5.6| 5.6| .0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,626|p131,543| 131,590|p131,620|p131,512| p-108
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| p25,703| 25,684| p25,699| p25,752| p53
Construction......| 6,665| p6,676| 6,666| p6,668| p6,674| p6
Manufacturing.....| 18,481| p18,488| 18,479| p18,492| p18,538| p46
Service-producing 1/| 104,946|p105,840| 105,906|p105,921|p105,760| p-161
Retail trade......| 22,993| p23,124| 23,064| p23,112| p23,161| p49
Services..........| 39,949| p40,267| 40,220| p40,385| p40,384| p-1
Government........| 20,431| p20,826| 21,012| p20,800| p20,554| p-246
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| p34.5| 34.4| p34.5| p34.4| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.7| 41.4| p41.6| p41.7| p.1
Overtime..........| 4.6| p4.7| 4.5| p4.6| p4.6| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 150.7| p151.1| 150.5| p151.2| p151.3| p0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.54| p$13.67| $13.66| p$13.70| p$13.76| p$0.06
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 467.47| p471.50| 469.90| p472.65| p473.34| p.69
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 108,000 to 131.5 million in
July, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector employment increased by 138,000,
compared with monthly growth that had averaged 182,000 over the first 6
months of the year. Over the month, the private-sector gain was more than
offset by a loss in federal government employment, as 290,000 temporary
jobs related to the decennial census ended. As of July, temporary Census
employment was down to 190,000 from a peak of 618,000 in May.
(See table B-1.)
Within the goods-producing industries, employment in manufacturing grew
by 46,000 in July, after showing little growth over the first 6 months of
2000. Electronic components added 9,000 jobs over the month, continuing
its recent strength. Instruments added 7,000 jobs, offsetting losses over
the first half of the year. Other manufacturing industries, such as
industrial machinery, furniture, and rubber and plastics, also showed
employment increases over the month; these gains were largely attributable
to lighter-than-normal seasonal layoffs.
Construction employment edged up in July. Thus far this year, the
average monthly employment increase in this industry has been 17,000,
compared with 25,000 a month in 1999. Mining employment was little
changed in July.
Within the service-producing sector, retail trade employment increased
by 49,000 in July, as eating and drinking places experienced strong job
growth for the second consecutive month. Employment in department stores
continued on a declining trend. Thus far this year, retail trade has added
32,000 jobs a month on average, about in line with the average monthly gain
for 1999.
Wholesale trade added 10,000 jobs, with gains concentrated in durable
goods. Monthly growth in wholesale trade employment has averaged 8,000
over the first 7 months of 2000, compared with 13,000 a month for 1999.
Transportation employment rose by 25,000 in July, with gains concentrated
in trucking and local transit. The increase in trucking more than offset
declines in the industry over the prior 2 months. Telephone communications
employment declined in July, following a large gain in the prior month.
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Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate grew for the first
time since February, with nearly all of the increase concentrated in
finance. Strong job growth continued in security brokerages in July.
Employment in mortgage brokerages continued on its downward trend, although
the losses have been smaller in recent months.
Employment in services was essentially unchanged over the month, after
seasonal adjustment. Thus far this year, services employment has increased
by 97,000 a month, on average, compared with 124,000 a month in 1999. In
July, job gains occurred in health services, computer services, and
amusements and recreation. Job losses occurred in the job training
component of social services and in membership organizations. Employment
also declined in personnel supply services; job growth in this industry has
averaged 16,000 a month over the first 7 months of the year, roughly half
the monthly average for 1999.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in July to 34.4 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was up by 0.1 hour to 41.7 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.6 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was essentially unchanged at 151.3
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index increased by
0.6 percent to 107.0. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in July to $13.76, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings edged up by 0.1 percent
to $473.34. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for August 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, September 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
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Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
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period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-J of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 207,828 209,543 209,727 207,828 209,053 209,216 209,371 209,543 209,727
Civilian labor force............................ 141,119 142,132 142,101 139,336 140,867 141,230 140,489 140,762 140,399
Participation rate........................ 67.9 67.8 67.8 67.0 67.4 67.5 67.1 67.2 66.9
Employed...................................... 134,800 136,192 136,097 133,399 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749
Employment-population ratio............... 64.9 65.0 64.9 64.2 64.7 64.9 64.3 64.5 64.2
Agriculture................................. 3,718 3,682 3,736 3,278 3,359 3,355 3,298 3,321 3,299
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,083 132,510 132,361 130,121 131,801 132,351 131,417 131,858 131,450
Unemployed.................................... 6,319 5,940 6,004 5,937 5,708 5,524 5,774 5,583 5,650
Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0
Not in labor force.............................. 66,709 67,411 67,626 68,492 68,187 67,986 68,882 68,781 69,329
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,490 4,641 4,402 4,575 4,594 4,352 4,412 4,254 4,478
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,761 100,654 100,745 99,761 100,405 100,487 100,566 100,654 100,745
Civilian labor force............................ 75,940 76,204 76,344 74,498 75,198 75,189 74,883 75,120 74,917
Participation rate........................ 76.1 75.7 75.8 74.7 74.9 74.8 74.5 74.6 74.4
Employed...................................... 72,803 73,213 73,408 71,437 72,313 72,307 71,948 72,217 72,063
Employment-population ratio............... 73.0 72.7 72.9 71.6 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.7 71.5
Unemployed.................................... 3,137 2,991 2,936 3,061 2,885 2,882 2,934 2,903 2,854
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,561 92,546 92,642 91,561 92,145 92,303 92,408 92,546 92,642
Civilian labor force............................ 70,612 71,119 71,138 70,167 70,822 70,761 70,603 70,714 70,702
Participation rate........................ 77.1 76.8 76.8 76.6 76.9 76.7 76.4 76.4 76.3
Employed...................................... 68,212 68,952 68,927 67,703 68,480 68,481 68,230 68,430 68,440
Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 74.5 74.4 73.9 74.3 74.2 73.8 73.9 73.9
Agriculture................................. 2,468 2,460 2,519 2,256 2,232 2,213 2,217 2,269 2,296
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,743 66,492 66,408 65,447 66,249 66,269 66,013 66,161 66,144
Unemployed.................................... 2,400 2,167 2,211 2,464 2,342 2,280 2,373 2,284 2,263
Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,067 108,889 108,983 108,067 108,649 108,729 108,805 108,889 108,983
Civilian labor force............................ 65,179 65,928 65,757 64,838 65,668 66,041 65,606 65,642 65,482
Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.5 60.3 60.0 60.4 60.7 60.3 60.3 60.1
Employed...................................... 61,997 62,980 62,689 61,962 62,846 63,399 62,767 62,962 62,686
Employment-population ratio............... 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.8 58.3 57.7 57.8 57.5
Unemployed.................................... 3,182 2,948 3,068 2,876 2,823 2,642 2,839 2,680 2,796
Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,203 101,007 101,111 100,203 100,713 100,809 100,929 101,007 101,111
Civilian labor force............................ 60,409 61,361 61,015 60,852 61,671 61,920 61,614 61,596 61,508
Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.7 60.3 60.7 61.2 61.4 61.0 61.0 60.8
Employed...................................... 57,837 58,983 58,556 58,477 59,422 59,757 59,248 59,278 59,222
Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 58.4 57.9 58.4 59.0 59.3 58.7 58.7 58.6
Agriculture................................. 894 889 885 798 894 899 864 834 792
Nonagricultural industries.................. 56,943 58,093 57,670 57,679 58,528 58,858 58,383 58,444 58,430
Unemployed.................................... 2,573 2,379 2,459 2,375 2,249 2,163 2,367 2,318 2,286
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,065 15,991 15,974 16,065 16,196 16,104 16,034 15,991 15,974
Civilian labor force............................ 10,098 9,652 9,948 8,317 8,374 8,549 8,271 8,452 8,189
Participation rate........................ 62.9 60.4 62.3 51.8 51.7 53.1 51.6 52.9 51.3
Employed...................................... 8,752 8,258 8,614 7,219 7,257 7,467 7,237 7,471 7,087
Employment-population ratio............... 54.5 51.6 53.9 44.9 44.8 46.4 45.1 46.7 44.4
Agriculture................................. 355 333 332 224 233 243 217 218 211
Nonagricultural industries.................. 8,397 7,925 8,282 6,995 7,024 7,224 7,020 7,253 6,876
Unemployed.................................... 1,347 1,394 1,334 1,098 1,117 1,082 1,034 981 1,101
Unemployment rate......................... 13.3 14.4 13.4 13.2 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,133 174,316 174,443 173,133 173,983 174,092 174,197 174,316 174,443
Civilian labor force............................ 117,853 118,605 118,533 116,492 117,832 117,988 117,097 117,451 117,258
Participation rate.......................... 68.1 68.0 67.9 67.3 67.7 67.8 67.2 67.4 67.2
Employed...................................... 113,425 114,369 114,294 112,193 113,630 113,915 112,988 113,484 113,156
Employment-population ratio................. 65.5 65.6 65.5 64.8 65.3 65.4 64.9 65.1 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 4,429 4,236 4,240 4,299 4,202 4,073 4,108 3,967 4,103
Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,178 60,395 60,325 59,799 60,282 60,048 59,882 60,074 59,950
Participation rate.......................... 77.7 77.3 77.2 77.2 77.4 77.0 76.7 76.9 76.7
Employed...................................... 58,442 58,818 58,769 57,955 58,541 58,386 58,184 58,409 58,302
Employment-population ratio................. 75.5 75.3 75.2 74.8 75.1 74.9 74.6 74.8 74.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,736 1,577 1,557 1,844 1,742 1,662 1,698 1,666 1,647
Unemployment rate........................... 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,203 50,060 49,830 49,652 50,448 50,726 50,237 50,246 50,356
Participation rate.......................... 59.3 59.9 59.6 59.8 60.5 60.8 60.2 60.2 60.2
Employed...................................... 47,447 48,373 48,067 48,000 48,820 49,150 48,567 48,616 48,700
Employment-population ratio................. 57.2 57.9 57.5 57.9 58.6 58.9 58.2 58.2 58.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,756 1,687 1,763 1,652 1,628 1,576 1,670 1,630 1,656
Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 8,472 8,150 8,378 7,041 7,102 7,214 6,978 7,130 6,953
Participation rate.......................... 66.5 64.2 66.0 55.3 55.8 56.7 54.9 56.1 54.7
Employed...................................... 7,536 7,178 7,458 6,238 6,270 6,379 6,237 6,458 6,153
Employment-population ratio................. 59.2 56.5 58.7 49.0 49.3 50.2 49.1 50.8 48.4
Unemployed.................................... 937 972 920 803 832 835 740 672 800
Unemployment rate........................... 11.1 11.9 11.0 11.4 11.7 11.6 10.6 9.4 11.5
Men....................................... 11.2 13.1 11.7 11.7 11.3 13.0 10.7 11.2 12.6
Women..................................... 10.9 10.6 10.2 11.1 12.1 10.0 10.5 7.4 10.3
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,867 25,191 25,221 24,867 25,105 25,135 25,161 25,191 25,221
Civilian labor force............................ 16,747 16,725 16,808 16,366 16,572 16,636 16,596 16,577 16,456
Participation rate.......................... 67.3 66.4 66.6 65.8 66.0 66.2 66.0 65.8 65.2
Employed...................................... 15,146 15,367 15,356 14,962 15,356 15,444 15,261 15,275 15,190
Employment-population ratio................. 60.9 61.0 60.9 60.2 61.2 61.4 60.7 60.6 60.2
Unemployed.................................... 1,601 1,358 1,452 1,404 1,216 1,191 1,335 1,302 1,266
Unemployment rate........................... 9.6 8.1 8.6 8.6 7.3 7.2 8.0 7.9 7.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,194 7,299 7,357 7,122 7,300 7,351 7,261 7,263 7,292
Participation rate.......................... 72.5 72.3 72.8 71.7 72.6 73.0 72.0 72.0 72.1
Employed...................................... 6,647 6,835 6,831 6,610 6,830 6,864 6,736 6,761 6,803
Employment-population ratio................. 67.0 67.7 67.6 66.6 68.0 68.2 66.8 67.0 67.3
Unemployed.................................... 547 464 527 512 469 487 524 502 489
Unemployment rate........................... 7.6 6.4 7.2 7.2 6.4 6.6 7.2 6.9 6.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,315 8,305 8,198 8,311 8,314 8,291 8,384 8,347 8,217
Participation rate.......................... 66.8 65.8 64.8 66.7 66.1 65.8 66.5 66.1 65.0
Employed...................................... 7,610 7,753 7,622 7,670 7,808 7,807 7,801 7,792 7,691
Employment-population ratio................. 61.1 61.4 60.3 61.6 62.1 62.0 61.9 61.7 60.8
Unemployed.................................... 705 551 576 641 506 484 583 554 525
Unemployment rate........................... 8.5 6.6 7.0 7.7 6.1 5.8 7.0 6.6 6.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,238 1,121 1,252 933 958 993 951 967 947
Participation rate.......................... 49.8 45.4 50.8 37.5 38.7 40.2 38.5 39.2 38.4
Employed...................................... 889 779 904 682 718 773 724 722 696
Employment-population ratio................. 35.8 31.6 36.7 27.4 29.0 31.3 29.3 29.2 28.2
Unemployed.................................... 349 342 349 251 240 220 227 245 252
Unemployment rate........................... 28.2 30.5 27.8 26.9 25.1 22.2 23.9 25.4 26.6
Men....................................... 32.2 36.6 28.5 30.7 21.3 22.0 27.7 32.0 25.0
Women..................................... 24.0 23.8 27.2 23.4 28.9 22.4 20.2 18.2 27.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,684 22,355 22,422 21,684 22,166 22,231 22,292 22,355 22,422
Civilian labor force............................ 14,738 15,422 15,291 14,617 15,313 15,355 15,322 15,325 15,188
Participation rate.......................... 68.0 69.0 68.2 67.4 69.1 69.1 68.7 68.6 67.7
Employed...................................... 13,767 14,562 14,397 13,696 14,355 14,524 14,432 14,461 14,339
Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 65.1 64.2 63.2 64.8 65.3 64.7 64.7 64.0
Unemployed.................................... 970 860 894 921 958 831 890 864 849
Unemployment rate........................... 6.6 5.6 5.8 6.3 6.3 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,015 28,227 27,888 28,015 27,523 28,069 28,096 28,227 27,888
Civilian labor force.................... 11,766 12,193 12,015 12,087 11,726 11,945 11,815 12,004 12,328
Percent of population............... 42.0 43.2 43.1 43.1 42.6 42.6 42.1 42.5 44.2
Employed.............................. 10,997 11,475 11,279 11,265 10,918 11,218 10,984 11,239 11,544
Employment-population ratio......... 39.3 40.7 40.4 40.2 39.7 40.0 39.1 39.8 41.4
Unemployed............................ 769 718 736 822 808 727 832 765 784
Unemployment rate................... 6.5 5.9 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.1 7.0 6.4 6.4
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,162 57,581 57,144 57,162 58,033 58,015 57,746 57,581 57,144
Civilian labor force.................... 36,555 36,924 36,380 37,014 37,671 37,666 37,224 36,910 37,018
Percent of population............... 63.9 64.1 63.7 64.8 64.9 64.9 64.5 64.1 64.8
Employed.............................. 35,237 35,731 35,138 35,700 36,401 36,401 35,895 35,659 35,782
Employment-population ratio......... 61.6 62.1 61.5 62.5 62.7 62.7 62.2 61.9 62.6
Unemployed............................ 1,318 1,193 1,242 1,314 1,270 1,265 1,329 1,251 1,236
Unemployment rate................... 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,610 44,250 44,724 43,610 44,225 43,896 44,153 44,250 44,724
Civilian labor force.................... 32,289 32,796 33,052 32,145 32,967 32,684 33,065 33,094 32,952
Percent of population............... 74.0 74.1 73.9 73.7 74.5 74.5 74.9 74.8 73.7
Employed.............................. 31,284 31,907 32,093 31,169 32,090 31,843 32,228 32,132 32,029
Employment-population ratio......... 71.7 72.1 71.8 71.5 72.6 72.5 73.0 72.6 71.6
Unemployed............................ 1,005 889 959 976 878 841 838 962 923
Unemployment rate................... 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.8
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,042 45,092 45,549 45,042 44,838 44,864 45,029 45,092 45,549
Civilian labor force.................... 35,837 35,750 35,907 35,827 36,060 36,099 36,011 35,988 35,877
Percent of population............... 79.6 79.3 78.8 79.5 80.4 80.5 80.0 79.8 78.8
Employed.............................. 35,105 35,154 35,219 35,167 35,481 35,545 35,433 35,437 35,254
Employment-population ratio......... 77.9 78.0 77.3 78.1 79.1 79.2 78.7 78.6 77.4
Unemployed............................ 733 596 688 660 579 553 577 551 623
Unemployment rate................... 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,800 136,192 136,097 133,399 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,310 43,270 43,241 43,350 43,297 43,272 43,216 43,357 43,284
Married women, spouse present................... 32,869 33,452 33,047 33,387 33,780 33,877 33,786 33,824 33,618
Women who maintain families..................... 8,156 8,272 8,372 8,272 8,082 8,307 8,301 8,280 8,483
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,536 40,956 40,517 40,823 40,595 40,665 40,858 41,148 40,784
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,959 39,270 39,474 38,673 39,510 39,680 39,537 39,270 39,239
Service occupations............................. 18,450 18,379 18,288 17,990 18,711 18,885 18,181 18,090 17,877
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,578 15,141 15,419 14,431 14,520 14,501 14,867 14,888 15,236
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,287 18,633 18,558 18,019 18,334 18,453 18,020 18,430 18,296
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,991 3,812 3,842 3,421 3,562 3,477 3,410 3,368 3,309
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,201 2,358 2,360 1,939 2,043 2,054 2,006 2,059 2,079
Self-employed workers......................... 1,460 1,271 1,326 1,292 1,292 1,272 1,252 1,175 1,182
Unpaid family workers......................... 56 54 50 45 42 43 38 50 40
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,062 123,655 123,543 121,188 123,169 123,623 122,860 123,002 122,681
Government.................................. 18,591 18,645 18,072 19,032 19,598 19,280 19,169 18,777 18,497
Private industries.......................... 103,471 105,010 105,471 102,156 103,571 104,343 103,691 104,225 104,184
Private households........................ 1,007 981 857 944 998 1,019 953 957 807
Other industries.......................... 102,464 104,029 104,614 101,212 102,573 103,324 102,738 103,268 103,377
Self-employed workers......................... 8,943 8,778 8,739 8,820 8,704 8,750 8,714 8,665 8,609
Unpaid family workers......................... 78 78 79 77 107 103 82 71 80
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,537 3,369 3,283 3,316 3,124 3,124 3,248 3,117 3,071
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,031 1,853 1,905 1,974 1,820 1,844 1,962 1,811 1,846
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,185 1,128 1,018 1,050 953 1,016 978 1,022 900
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,617 16,880 16,238 18,983 18,770 18,474 18,409 18,308 18,558
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,368 3,207 3,146 3,142 3,003 3,021 3,096 2,967 2,940
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,905 1,757 1,802 1,850 1,766 1,782 1,840 1,713 1,750
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,159 1,095 990 1,034 922 989 962 994 881
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,049 16,288 15,696 18,466 18,184 17,943 17,853 17,743 18,041
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,937 5,583 5,650 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,464 2,284 2,263 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,375 2,318 2,286 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,098 981 1,101 13.2 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4
Married men, spouse present.................... 1,001 829 878 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0
Married women, spouse present.................. 973 911 975 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8
Women who maintain families.................... 568 537 505 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.6
Full-time workers.............................. 4,705 4,420 4,362 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7
Part-time workers.............................. 1,216 1,162 1,257 4.9 5.1 4.6 5.3 4.8 5.3
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 800 681 789 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,573 1,487 1,453 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 583 541 557 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,207 1,204 1,221 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 238 178 201 6.5 5.1 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,694 4,365 4,483 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1
Goods-producing industries................... 1,250 1,177 1,230 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3
Mining..................................... 36 18 24 6.0 2.5 2.8 4.2 3.5 5.1
Construction............................... 510 470 485 6.9 6.9 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.9
Manufacturing.............................. 704 688 721 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.6
Durable goods............................ 460 442 406 3.7 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3
Nondurable goods......................... 244 247 314 3.1 5.2 4.1 3.7 3.1 4.0
Service-producing industries................. 3,444 3,188 3,253 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1
Transportation and public utilities........ 269 214 263 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.2
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,408 1,421 1,364 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 192 189 170 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1
Services................................... 1,575 1,363 1,456 4.4 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.0
Government workers............................. 427 486 405 2.2 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 192 162 156 9.0 5.6 8.4 7.6 7.3 7.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,910 3,194 2,734 2,640 2,824 2,455 2,531 2,595 2,470
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,934 1,541 1,970 1,778 1,719 1,868 1,953 1,759 1,812
15 weeks and over................................ 1,475 1,204 1,300 1,511 1,295 1,250 1,337 1,242 1,331
15 to 26 weeks................................ 714 593 590 779 657 670 677 593 654
27 weeks and over............................. 761 611 711 732 637 580 660 649 677
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 11.3 12.9 13.5 12.8 12.4 12.6 12.4 13.3
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.4 4.2 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.1 53.8 45.5 44.5 48.4 44.1 43.5 46.4 44.0
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 30.6 25.9 32.8 30.0 29.4 33.5 33.5 31.4 32.3
15 weeks and over.............................. 23.3 20.3 21.7 25.5 22.2 22.4 23.0 22.2 23.7
15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.3 10.0 9.8 13.1 11.3 12.0 11.6 10.6 11.7
27 weeks and over............................ 12.0 10.3 11.8 12.3 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.6 12.1
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,729 2,291 2,489 2,670 2,541 2,306 2,483 2,450 2,417
On temporary layoff............................. 862 817 887 847 781 703 894 959 856
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,867 1,474 1,603 1,823 1,759 1,602 1,589 1,491 1,561
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,267 1,059 1,105 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 600 415 498 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 817 667 843 768 824 833 774 671 799
Reentrants........................................ 2,101 2,336 2,049 2,003 1,979 1,961 2,093 2,076 1,961
New entrants...................................... 672 646 623 459 434 408 500 343 402
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 43.2 38.6 41.5 45.3 44.0 41.9 42.4 44.2 43.3
On temporary layoff............................ 13.6 13.8 14.8 14.4 13.5 12.8 15.3 17.3 15.3
Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.5 24.8 26.7 30.9 30.5 29.1 27.2 26.9 28.0
Job leavers...................................... 12.9 11.2 14.0 13.0 14.3 15.1 13.2 12.1 14.3
Reentrants....................................... 33.2 39.3 34.1 33.9 34.3 35.6 35.8 37.5 35.1
New entrants..................................... 10.6 10.9 10.4 7.8 7.5 7.4 8.5 6.2 7.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7
Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4
New entrants..................................... .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .2 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .8 .9 1.1 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.7 4.4 4.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.2 4.9 5.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.7 7.3 7.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,937 5,583 5,650 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,160 2,048 2,066 9.7 9.7 9.3 9.8 9.0 9.2
16 to 19 years................................ 1,098 981 1,101 13.2 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4
16 to 17 years.............................. 518 439 515 15.4 15.3 14.6 16.0 13.1 16.5
18 to 19 years.............................. 578 543 577 11.7 12.1 11.4 10.4 10.6 11.5
20 to 24 years................................ 1,062 1,067 965 7.6 7.6 7.2 8.2 7.5 6.8
25 years and over............................... 3,779 3,515 3,581 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 3,250 3,118 3,158 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2
55 years and over............................. 521 418 430 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,061 2,903 2,854 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8
16 to 24 years................................ 1,187 1,128 1,117 10.2 9.2 9.6 10.0 9.5 9.6
16 to 19 years.............................. 597 619 591 13.8 12.4 13.6 13.1 14.1 14.0
16 to 17 years............................ 282 274 277 16.1 15.1 15.8 16.9 15.6 17.4
18 to 19 years............................ 313 354 310 12.2 10.5 12.4 10.8 13.3 11.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 590 509 526 8.1 7.4 7.3 8.3 6.8 7.1
25 years and over............................. 1,887 1,772 1,747 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,589 1,549 1,505 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8
55 years and over........................... 298 220 243 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.4
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,876 2,680 2,796 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3
16 to 24 years................................ 973 919 949 9.1 10.2 8.9 9.5 8.5 8.9
16 to 19 years.............................. 501 362 510 12.6 14.4 11.6 11.8 8.9 12.8
16 to 17 years............................ 236 165 238 14.7 15.4 13.3 15.0 10.4 15.5
18 to 19 years............................ 265 190 266 11.2 13.7 10.4 9.9 7.8 11.0
20 to 24 years.............................. 472 558 439 7.1 7.7 7.2 8.2 8.2 6.5
25 years and over............................. 1,892 1,742 1,834 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,661 1,568 1,653 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5
55 years and over........................... 223 198 187 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
July July July July July July
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 66,709 67,626 23,821 24,400 42,888 43,226
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,490 4,402 1,715 1,922 2,774 2,480
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,133 1,170 493 617 640 553
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 290 265 159 176 131 89
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 843 906 334 441 509 465
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,636 7,553 4,155 4,024 3,481 3,529
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,101 4,043 2,439 2,337 1,662 1,706
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,735 1,593 604 592 1,131 1,001
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 300 416 206 258 95 158
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,459 1,441 890 802 569 639
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 128,845 132,258 132,884 131,442 128,898 131,009 131,419 131,590 131,620 131,512
Total private.................... 109,745 110,841 111,979 111,970 108,735 110,462 110,752 110,578 110,820 110,958
Goods-producing......................... 25,821 25,727 26,057 26,081 25,488 25,738 25,725 25,684 25,699 25,752
Mining................................ 537 537 545 549 528 536 539 539 539 540
Metal mining........................ 45.4 44.4 44.7 44.7 45 45 45 44 44 44
Coal mining......................... 84.7 79.5 79.5 79.6 85 80 80 80 79 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 289.7 300.3 306.7 309.3 286 300 303 305 306 307
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 117.1 112.8 114.4 114.9 112 111 111 110 110 110
Construction.......................... 6,759 6,734 6,925 7,042 6,408 6,726 6,694 6,666 6,668 6,674
General building contractors........ 1,522.6 1,494.5 1,544.8 1,566.5 1,451 1,508 1,497 1,497 1,496 1,492
Heavy construction, except building. 937.4 923.1 941.7 956.8 867 905 899 888 877 882
Special trade contractors........... 4,298.9 4,316.1 4,438.4 4,518.5 4,090 4,313 4,298 4,281 4,295 4,300
Manufacturing......................... 18,525 18,456 18,587 18,490 18,552 18,476 18,492 18,479 18,492 18,538
Production workers................ 12,693 12,666 12,752 12,650 12,753 12,683 12,689 12,682 12,681 12,730
Durable goods........................ 11,088 11,110 11,185 11,105 11,125 11,094 11,104 11,106 11,117 11,154
Production workers................ 7,562 7,597 7,642 7,562 7,620 7,580 7,584 7,584 7,590 7,625
Lumber and wood products............ 841.0 825.2 834.4 830.3 829 830 830 828 826 821
Furniture and fixtures.............. 549.0 558.2 559.3 553.8 554 555 557 558 558 564
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 571.3 570.9 579.0 579.1 563 568 567 566 568 571
Primary metal industries............ 694.8 698.1 701.7 693.1 701 701 699 699 698 698
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 227.6 226.4 227.8 226.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,507.0 1,534.4 1,545.9 1,528.6 1,517 1,528 1,534 1,535 1,540 1,541
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,136.5 2,128.6 2,142.0 2,132.3 2,142 2,124 2,126 2,125 2,130 2,137
Computer and office equipment..... 372.3 360.2 363.9 362.1 371 366 364 360 361 360
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,671.0 1,690.6 1,706.6 1,711.4 1,675 1,682 1,691 1,693 1,697 1,717
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 637.0 653.9 665.3 671.9 635 646 651 654 661 670
Transportation equipment............ 1,864.6 1,866.4 1,873.5 1,834.8 1,890 1,865 1,859 1,863 1,863 1,859
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,005.8 1,029.5 1,037.9 1,005.4 1,029 1,028 1,026 1,026 1,030 1,028
Aircraft and parts................ 492.7 461.5 460.1 457.2 493 467 461 463 460 459
Instruments and related products.... 859.5 843.5 846.4 850.5 859 844 844 845 843 850
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 392.8 394.5 396.3 391.1 395 397 397 394 394 396
Nondurable goods..................... 7,437 7,346 7,402 7,385 7,427 7,382 7,388 7,373 7,375 7,384
Production workers................ 5,131 5,069 5,110 5,088 5,133 5,103 5,105 5,098 5,091 5,105
Food and kindred products........... 1,695.3 1,648.5 1,676.1 1,704.7 1,674 1,671 1,678 1,675 1,680 1,681
Tobacco products.................... 35.5 33.9 34.0 34.0 38 35 37 37 37 37
Textile mill products............... 555.2 545.9 546.5 539.2 557 549 548 545 542 543
Apparel and other textile products.. 679.7 662.9 659.2 640.6 688 665 665 660 653 653
Paper and allied products........... 669.8 659.7 666.7 663.3 668 662 662 661 662 661
Printing and publishing............. 1,554.0 1,550.1 1,562.0 1,561.6 1,552 1,551 1,554 1,552 1,558 1,560
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,036.8 1,028.9 1,034.1 1,030.6 1,032 1,031 1,030 1,028 1,028 1,027
Petroleum and coal products......... 137.1 133.0 134.3 134.8 134 132 132 132 132 132
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 999.7 1,007.9 1,013.3 1,003.0 1,008 1,010 1,007 1,008 1,008 1,014
Leather and leather products........ 73.4 75.3 75.7 72.7 76 76 75 75 75 76
Service-producing1...................... 103,024 106,531 106,827 105,361 103,410 105,271 105,694 105,906 105,921 105,760
Transportation and public utilities... 6,819 6,972 7,024 6,987 6,834 6,953 6,970 6,962 6,985 7,005
Transportation...................... 4,392 4,509 4,537 4,504 4,420 4,492 4,509 4,501 4,509 4,534
Railroad transportation........... 231.1 220.2 220.0 220.0 229 222 221 219 217 218
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 422.5 515.6 494.5 437.8 486 494 498 498 495 503
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,831.3 1,826.8 1,850.5 1,861.4 1,808 1,833 1,839 1,834 1,832 1,842
Water transportation.............. 198.7 202.6 208.9 214.0 188 197 200 200 202 202
Transportation by air............. 1,227.4 1,261.9 1,276.8 1,282.9 1,230 1,268 1,270 1,269 1,279 1,282
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.0 12.4 12.6 12.7 13 12 12 12 12 13
Transportation services........... 467.7 469.2 473.5 475.2 466 466 469 469 472 474
Communications and public utilities. 2,427 2,463 2,487 2,483 2,414 2,461 2,461 2,461 2,476 2,471
Communications.................... 1,554.8 1,607.4 1,623.6 1,619.2 1,551 1,602 1,604 1,606 1,619 1,615
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 871.7 855.1 863.3 864.0 863 859 857 855 857 856
Wholesale trade....................... 6,962 7,054 7,095 7,099 6,927 7,017 7,055 7,048 7,050 7,060
Durable goods....................... 4,133 4,197 4,219 4,222 4,118 4,177 4,201 4,199 4,195 4,204
Nondurable goods.................... 2,829 2,857 2,876 2,877 2,809 2,840 2,854 2,849 2,855 2,856
Retail trade.......................... 22,968 23,106 23,351 23,288 22,833 23,027 23,197 23,064 23,112 23,161
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,025.8 1,069.5 1,070.1 1,054.1 989 1,034 1,032 1,025 1,017 1,017
General merchandise stores.......... 2,715.4 2,664.5 2,681.6 2,658.5 2,774 2,756 2,791 2,744 2,743 2,718
Department stores................. 2,381.3 2,323.4 2,336.7 2,313.6 2,433 2,409 2,443 2,388 2,388 2,365
Food stores......................... 3,515.5 3,497.6 3,530.3 3,541.2 3,495 3,502 3,522 3,516 3,516 3,518
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,398.5 2,415.0 2,433.5 2,443.8 2,368 2,407 2,410 2,408 2,411 2,416
New and used car dealers.......... 1,087.5 1,107.3 1,114.2 1,117.8 1,081 1,105 1,106 1,107 1,110 1,111
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,180.8 1,166.6 1,181.2 1,187.3 1,184 1,188 1,195 1,195 1,193 1,196
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,077.4 1,101.3 1,108.7 1,110.8 1,086 1,111 1,113 1,113 1,119 1,121
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,128.7 8,189.7 8,341.4 8,291.4 7,958 8,000 8,097 8,028 8,067 8,120
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,926.0 3,002.2 3,004.2 3,000.9 2,979 3,029 3,037 3,035 3,046 3,055
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,682 7,598 7,665 7,699 7,583 7,621 7,610 7,600 7,589 7,596
Finance............................. 3,727 3,698 3,724 3,740 3,700 3,713 3,709 3,703 3,705 3,711
Depository institutions........... 2,075.6 2,039.4 2,053.5 2,056.0 2,060 2,054 2,052 2,044 2,042 2,040
Commercial banks................ 1,486.1 1,452.8 1,462.0 1,464.4 1,475 1,466 1,464 1,456 1,454 1,453
Savings institutions............ 253.6 242.2 243.4 242.0 251 243 243 243 242 240
Nondepository institutions........ 720.7 685.0 683.8 683.8 718 692 686 684 681 681
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 363.6 323.9 321.3 319.4 362 330 323 322 320 319
Security and commodity brokers.... 698.6 733.0 746.0 757.4 691 728 732 736 742 749
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 231.7 240.1 240.5 242.9 231 239 239 239 240 241
Insurance........................... 2,387 2,359 2,369 2,372 2,374 2,373 2,365 2,361 2,359 2,359
Insurance carriers................ 1,620.2 1,592.4 1,598.6 1,600.2 1,611 1,605 1,597 1,594 1,593 1,591
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 766.6 767.0 770.6 771.3 763 768 768 767 766 768
Real estate......................... 1,568 1,541 1,572 1,587 1,509 1,535 1,536 1,536 1,525 1,526
Services3............................. 39,493 40,384 40,787 40,816 39,070 40,090 40,195 40,220 40,385 40,384
Agricultural services............... 846.9 849.3 876.4 879.6 765 812 801 790 788 794
Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,000.8 1,916.9 2,036.0 2,089.1 1,851 1,885 1,902 1,904 1,924 1,930
Personal services................... 1,189.9 1,244.7 1,240.3 1,223.6 1,233 1,265 1,272 1,262 1,270 1,269
Business services................... 9,339.2 9,683.6 9,818.9 9,818.7 9,303 9,681 9,735 9,715 9,778 9,780
Services to buildings............. 996.4 1,000.9 1,009.0 1,006.9 988 1,004 1,001 996 996 1,000
Personnel supply services......... 3,626.7 3,820.3 3,897.9 3,877.1 3,618 3,817 3,885 3,855 3,876 3,862
Help supply services............ 3,252.0 3,412.4 3,482.8 3,460.0 3,244 3,418 3,485 3,440 3,448 3,441
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,848.5 1,926.4 1,939.0 1,947.7 1,846 1,915 1,927 1,929 1,934 1,949
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,192.8 1,192.9 1,200.3 1,199.9 1,185 1,192 1,195 1,192 1,190 1,192
Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.3 384.3 386.6 386.4 375 384 383 383 384 383
Motion pictures..................... 628.2 632.2 639.3 655.8 617 630 634 632 637 644
Amusement and recreation services... 1,951.5 1,847.0 2,048.9 2,121.1 1,650 1,729 1,752 1,755 1,785 1,794
Health services..................... 10023.6 10094.8 10151.7 10166.3 9,994 10,091 10,093 10,104 10,119 10,142
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,887.7 1,924.9 1,933.6 1,936.5 1,880 1,920 1,925 1,928 1,928 1,930
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,790.2 1,784.3 1,793.2 1,793.8 1,784 1,791 1,789 1,788 1,788 1,788
Hospitals......................... 3,997.4 3,998.1 4,017.1 4,029.9 3,983 4,004 3,999 4,005 4,009 4,017
Home health care services......... 634.3 643.1 644.3 644.7 635 639 641 641 642 645
Legal services...................... 1,012.7 1,000.4 1,029.4 1,030.4 996 1,007 1,004 1,006 1,010 1,014
Educational services................ 1,998.1 2,391.8 2,147.1 2,052.2 2,285 2,329 2,329 2,356 2,356 2,347
Social services..................... 2,792.7 2,974.6 2,941.6 2,897.5 2,790 2,929 2,940 2,946 2,943 2,913
Child day care services........... 639.1 783.1 744.8 694.4 697 749 753 758 760 763
Residential care.................. 782.0 815.3 825.8 831.5 776 810 812 816 819 825
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 106.4 104.5 110.1 112.0 98 101 102 101 103 103
Membership organizations............ 2,491.3 2,436.2 2,479.0 2,500.5 2,419 2,440 2,439 2,438 2,440 2,428
Engineering and management services. 3,295.4 3,384.9 3,435.1 3,436.6 3,265 3,369 3,368 3,390 3,412 3,405
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 971.5 992.7 1,018.3 1,024.7 956 985 987 995 1,005 1,009
Management and public relations... 1,049.5 1,097.8 1,114.9 1,113.3 1,037 1,085 1,088 1,096 1,108 1,103
Services, nec....................... 52.5 54.1 54.0 54.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 19,100 21,417 20,905 19,472 20,163 20,547 20,667 21,012 20,800 20,554
Federal1............................ 2,668 3,243 3,121 2,825 2,656 2,816 2,885 3,238 3,091 2,806
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,803.6 2,385.2 2,262.6 1,969.4 1,782 1,951 2,022 2,374 2,229 1,943
State............................... 4,454 4,793 4,555 4,482 4,691 4,733 4,744 4,737 4,702 4,726
Education......................... 1,677.6 2,039.2 1,772.2 1,687.4 1,967 1,982 1,990 1,983 1,953 1,978
Other State government............ 2,775.9 2,754.0 2,782.6 2,794.4 2,724 2,751 2,754 2,754 2,749 2,748
Local............................... 11,978 13,381 13,229 12,165 12,816 12,998 13,038 13,037 13,007 13,022
Education......................... 6,119.9 7,768.1 7,393.3 6,201.6 7,273 7,373 7,408 7,395 7,372 7,372
Other local government............ 5,858.0 5,613.3 5,836.1 5,963.4 5,543 5,625 5,630 5,642 5,635 5,650
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, and 190,000 in January, February,
March, April, May, June, and July 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger
than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.7 34.3 34.6 34.9 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.4
Goods-producing......................... 40.9 41.0 41.1 40.9 41.1 41.2 41.5 40.9 40.8 41.1
Mining................................ 44.7 44.4 44.9 45.0 44.5 44.7 45.3 44.1 44.5 45.0
Construction.......................... 39.9 39.6 39.6 40.4 39.0 39.8 39.6 39.2 38.7 39.4
Manufacturing......................... 41.2 41.4 41.7 41.0 41.8 41.7 42.2 41.4 41.6 41.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6
Durable goods........................ 41.6 42.1 42.3 41.5 42.4 42.3 42.8 42.0 42.2 42.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.7
Lumber and wood products............ 41.2 40.9 41.1 40.7 41.1 40.9 41.2 40.7 40.8 41.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.2 39.8 39.9 39.3 40.5 40.2 40.6 40.3 39.9 39.8
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.8 43.5 43.4 43.7 43.5 43.4 43.6 43.0 42.8 43.6
Primary metal industries............ 43.6 44.0 44.1 43.4 44.4 44.4 44.9 43.8 43.9 44.2
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.6 44.9 44.8 44.5 45.0 45.2 45.0 44.7 44.8 44.8
Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 42.3 42.5 41.5 42.3 42.5 43.0 42.3 42.4 42.4
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.7 42.3 42.5 41.8 42.3 42.3 42.9 42.2 42.5 42.5
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 40.8 41.1 41.5 41.0 41.5 41.8 42.2 41.3 41.4 41.8
Transportation equipment............ 42.2 43.5 44.0 41.8 44.2 43.7 44.3 43.2 44.0 43.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.8 44.8 45.3 42.0 45.5 44.6 45.5 44.2 45.3 44.5
Instruments and related products.... 41.0 41.0 41.0 40.8 41.6 41.2 41.6 41.2 41.1 41.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.2 39.2 39.6 38.8 39.9 39.4 39.8 39.3 39.5 39.6
Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.5 40.7 40.4 41.0 40.9 41.3 40.6 40.7 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3
Food and kindred products........... 41.8 41.0 41.4 41.3 41.9 41.6 41.9 41.2 41.5 41.3
Tobacco products.................... 40.3 39.8 40.1 39.8 40.1 40.0 40.8 39.6 39.4 40.9
Textile mill products............... 40.6 41.1 41.4 40.5 41.1 41.6 41.9 41.1 41.1 41.2
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.0 37.2 37.4 36.7 37.5 37.8 38.0 37.1 37.0 37.2
Paper and allied products........... 43.0 42.6 42.8 42.6 43.5 43.2 43.6 42.8 42.8 42.8
Printing and publishing............. 38.1 37.7 37.7 37.9 38.3 38.2 38.5 38.0 38.1 38.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.7 42.5 42.8 42.5 43.1 42.6 42.9 42.7 42.8 43.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.4 43.1 43.5 44.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.1 41.4 41.6 40.5 41.7 41.5 42.1 41.3 41.4 41.2
Leather and leather products........ 37.5 38.3 38.5 36.5 37.9 38.0 38.9 38.2 37.9 37.3
Service-producing....................... 33.2 32.6 32.9 33.4 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.7
Transportation and public utilities... 38.9 38.2 38.5 39.2 38.8 38.3 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.8
Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.9 38.4 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6
Retail trade.......................... 29.9 28.8 29.3 29.8 29.1 29.0 28.8 28.8 29.0 28.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.3 35.9 36.2 36.9 36.5 36.1 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.5
Services.............................. 32.8 32.4 32.7 33.0 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.5
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
July May June July July May June July
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.16 $13.64 $13.62 $13.69 $456.65 $467.85 $471.25 $477.78
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.27 13.66 13.70 13.76 457.82 469.90 472.65 473.34
Goods-producing......................... 14.93 15.29 15.35 15.49 610.64 626.89 630.89 633.54
Mining................................ 17.17 17.19 17.08 17.22 767.50 763.24 766.89 774.90
Construction.......................... 17.27 17.71 17.74 17.99 689.07 701.32 702.50 726.80
Manufacturing......................... 13.91 14.27 14.33 14.35 573.09 590.78 597.56 588.35
Durable goods........................ 14.38 14.80 14.88 14.85 598.21 623.08 629.42 616.28
Lumber and wood products............ 11.53 11.74 11.82 11.89 475.04 480.17 485.80 483.92
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.25 11.69 11.72 11.76 452.25 465.26 467.63 462.17
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.97 14.28 14.34 14.38 611.89 621.18 622.36 628.41
Primary metal industries............ 16.02 16.40 16.51 16.69 698.47 721.60 728.09 724.35
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.06 19.46 19.60 19.84 850.08 873.75 878.08 882.88
Fabricated metal products........... 13.47 13.75 13.83 13.80 560.35 581.63 587.78 572.70
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.08 15.45 15.50 15.61 628.84 653.54 658.75 652.50
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.49 13.65 13.70 13.79 550.39 561.02 568.55 565.39
Transportation equipment............ 17.88 18.79 18.99 18.62 754.54 817.37 835.56 778.32
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.16 19.35 19.61 19.04 777.25 866.88 888.33 799.68
Instruments and related products.... 14.25 14.44 14.42 14.54 584.25 592.04 591.22 593.23
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.29 11.59 11.59 11.68 442.57 454.33 458.96 453.18
Nondurable goods..................... 13.21 13.43 13.47 13.59 537.65 543.92 548.23 549.04
Food and kindred products........... 12.15 12.36 12.39 12.46 507.87 506.76 512.95 514.60
Tobacco products.................... 21.09 20.40 20.87 21.07 849.93 811.92 836.89 838.59
Textile mill products............... 10.71 10.91 10.90 10.93 434.83 448.40 451.26 442.67
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.83 9.05 9.07 9.01 326.71 336.66 339.22 330.67
Paper and allied products........... 16.02 16.12 16.19 16.35 688.86 686.71 692.93 696.51
Printing and publishing............. 13.81 14.15 14.14 14.27 526.16 533.46 533.08 540.83
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.39 17.80 17.88 18.04 742.55 756.50 765.26 766.70
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.28 21.34 21.12 21.35 923.55 919.75 918.72 952.21
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.41 12.65 12.72 12.87 510.05 523.71 529.15 521.24
Leather and leather products........ 9.69 10.05 10.05 10.03 363.38 384.92 386.93 366.10
Service-producing....................... 12.60 13.12 13.07 13.13 418.32 427.71 430.00 438.54
Transportation and public utilities... 15.69 16.13 16.17 16.20 610.34 616.17 622.55 635.04
Wholesale trade....................... 14.57 14.99 15.04 15.27 556.57 575.62 579.04 594.00
Retail trade.......................... 9.03 9.39 9.37 9.38 270.00 270.43 274.54 279.52
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.54 15.02 14.94 15.07 527.80 539.22 540.83 556.08
Services.............................. 13.18 13.76 13.69 13.74 432.30 445.82 447.66 453.42
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
July Mar. Apr. May June July change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
June 2000-
July 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.27 $13.58 $13.64 $13.66 $13.70 $13.76 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.88 7.84 7.87 7.88 7.86 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.89 15.25 15.30 15.29 15.34 15.41 .5
Mining...................... 17.26 17.27 17.26 17.25 17.23 17.32 .5
Construction................ 17.20 17.67 17.78 17.75 17.77 17.94 1.0
Manufacturing............... 13.98 14.23 14.28 14.27 14.35 14.37 .1
Excluding overtime4....... 13.24 13.47 13.49 13.53 13.59 13.62 .2
Service-producing............. 12.76 13.05 13.11 13.15 13.19 13.24 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.72 16.04 16.12 16.22 16.28 16.18 -.6
Wholesale trade............. 14.61 14.98 15.03 15.02 15.16 15.24 .5
Retail trade................ 9.10 9.35 9.39 9.39 9.42 9.45 .3
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.68 14.95 14.98 15.01 15.06 15.09 .2
Services.................... 13.39 13.69 13.74 13.79 13.83 13.89 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -0.3 percent from May 2000 to June 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 151.0 150.7 153.6 154.9 148.5 151.0 151.7 150.5 151.2 151.3
Goods-producing......................... 117.4 116.9 119.1 118.5 116.1 117.7 118.3 116.3 116.2 117.3
Mining................................ 51.4 50.8 52.2 52.7 50.3 51.3 52.2 50.7 51.2 52.0
Construction.......................... 191.4 188.0 194.0 201.7 175.3 188.4 186.3 183.6 181.4 184.7
Manufacturing......................... 105.6 105.8 107.1 104.6 107.6 106.7 107.9 106.0 106.4 107.0
Durable goods........................ 109.9 111.5 112.8 109.4 112.7 111.8 113.1 111.2 111.8 112.6
Lumber and wood products............ 150.4 146.3 148.8 146.6 147.8 147.1 147.9 146.1 145.8 146.0
Furniture and fixtures.............. 137.9 139.0 139.5 135.5 140.1 139.3 141.4 140.9 139.5 140.1
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.4 117.0 118.3 119.0 115.7 116.2 116.2 114.6 114.1 117.0
Primary metal industries............ 89.5 91.3 91.9 89.2 92.2 92.4 93.3 91.0 91.0 91.6
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 70.8 71.1 71.5 70.6 71.1 71.8 71.5 70.6 70.8 70.8
Fabricated metal products........... 116.4 121.2 122.7 118.3 120.5 121.2 123.0 121.2 121.8 122.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 103.3 105.2 106.1 104.0 105.7 104.6 106.2 104.5 105.6 106.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 105.5 106.7 108.4 106.9 108.3 107.8 109.6 107.1 107.8 109.9
Transportation equipment............ 120.1 125.2 126.9 117.3 128.1 125.7 126.7 123.6 125.8 125.2
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 157.1 170.0 172.6 153.8 172.2 168.6 171.7 166.4 171.2 167.7
Instruments and related products.... 75.8 73.6 73.9 73.6 76.8 74.0 74.7 74.0 73.8 75.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 100.0 100.2 101.3 97.1 102.5 101.6 103.0 100.2 100.4 100.6
Nondurable goods..................... 99.7 98.0 99.4 98.1 100.6 99.7 100.7 98.9 99.0 99.3
Food and kindred products........... 119.4 113.3 116.7 118.8 117.9 116.9 118.4 116.3 117.3 117.2
Tobacco products.................... 50.1 44.0 44.3 43.3 55.6 45.6 50.5 49.0 48.8 50.7
Textile mill products............... 79.1 78.8 79.7 76.8 80.6 80.2 80.6 78.7 78.6 78.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 58.4 57.8 57.7 54.7 60.2 58.8 59.2 57.2 56.3 56.8
Paper and allied products........... 106.2 103.9 105.9 104.7 107.1 105.9 106.7 104.8 105.2 105.0
Printing and publishing............. 121.3 120.5 121.3 121.7 122.0 121.8 123.2 121.7 122.1 122.8
Chemicals and allied products....... 101.6 101.6 102.2 100.8 102.7 102.4 102.7 102.1 101.8 101.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 75.2 63.6 64.5 67.2 72.1 65.2 66.6 64.0 62.7 64.8
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 143.6 147.0 148.9 143.0 147.3 147.9 149.3 146.8 147.6 148.0
Leather and leather products........ 31.1 32.7 32.8 29.3 32.6 32.7 32.9 32.3 32.0 31.5
Service-producing....................... 166.1 165.8 169.1 171.3 163.1 165.9 166.6 165.9 167.0 166.6
Transportation and public utilities... 134.4 135.7 137.7 139.3 134.3 135.5 137.3 136.1 136.4 138.4
Wholesale trade....................... 130.9 132.5 133.1 134.7 130.4 132.9 133.0 133.1 132.5 132.7
Retail trade.......................... 148.6 144.4 148.3 150.4 143.9 144.6 144.9 143.9 145.2 144.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 141.6 137.7 140.6 143.9 140.0 138.7 139.3 138.7 139.9 140.0
Services.............................. 205.3 207.9 212.0 214.2 201.6 207.7 208.6 207.9 209.4 208.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 p54.9 p58.4
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 p55.2 p57.0
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 p60.8 p61.5
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 p63.2
2000.............. p64.7
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 p50.0 p53.6
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 p48.6 p51.4
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 p50.7 p51.8
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 p46.4
2000.............. p47.8
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: September 01, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jul2000.htm
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