Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-245
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, August 3, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 2001
Nonfarm payroll employment continued to decline in July, and the unemploy-
ment rate was unchanged at 4.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment was down by
42,000 over the month. Job losses continued in manufacturing, and employment
in most other major industries showed little significant change.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.4 million
in July, and the unemployment rate held at 4.5 percent. The jobless rate has
been either 4.4 or 4.5 percent since April; its most recent low was 3.9
percent in October 2000. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult men
(3.9 percent), adult women (3.9 percent), teenagers (14.8 percent), whites
(4.0 percent), blacks (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (6.0 percent)--showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force grew by 420,000 in July to 141.8 million, and
the labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population 16
years of age and older who are either working or looking for work--edged up
to 66.9 percent. Total employment increased by 447,000 over the month to
135.4 million, seasonally adjusted. Despite this rise, total employment in
July was still 620,000 below its January 2001 level. The employment-
population ratio rose slightly in July to 63.9 percent. (See table A-1.)
About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in July. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of the
employed, the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in July, about the same as a year earlier.
These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
In July, the number of discouraged workers was 308,000. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking
for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment was down by 42,000 in July to a level of
132.4 million, seasonally adjusted. This was the third decline in the past
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| June-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | July
|_________________|________ _________________|change
| I | II | May | June | July |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,858| 141,461| 141,272| 141,354| 141,774| 420
Employment..........| 135,864| 135,130| 135,103| 134,932| 135,379| 447
Unemployment........| 5,994| 6,331| 6,169| 6,422| 6,395| -27
Not in labor force....| 69,171| 70,072| 70,254| 70,370| 70,147| -223
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.2| 4.5| 4.4| 4.5| 4.5| .0
Adult men...........| 3.7| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| 3.9| -0.1
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| 3.9| .1
Teenagers...........| 13.7| 14.0| 13.6| 14.3| 14.8| .5
White...............| 3.7| 3.9| 3.8| 4.0| 4.0| .0
Black...............| 8.1| 8.2| 8.0| 8.4| 7.9| -.5
Hispanic origin.....| 6.2| 6.5| 6.2| 6.6| 6.0| -.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,559|p132,485| 132,530|p132,437|p132,395| p-42
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,621| p25,314| 25,324| p25,198| p25,151| p-47
Construction......| 6,878| p6,867| 6,881| p6,867| p6,868| p1
Manufacturing.....| 18,188| p17,885| 17,879| p17,766| p17,717| p-49
Service-producing 1/| 106,938|p107,171| 107,206|p107,239|p107,244| p5
Retail trade......| 23,448| p23,549| 23,546| p23,570| p23,576| p6
Services..........| 41,026| p41,053| 41,078| p41,087| p41,064| p-23
Government........| 20,673| p20,777| 20,770| p20,815| p20,846| p31
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.3| p34.2| 34.2| p34.2| p34.2| p.0
Manufacturing.......| 41.0| p40.8| 40.7| p40.7| p40.8| p0.1
Overtime..........| 4.1| p3.9| 3.9| p3.9| p3.9| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 152.0| p151.4| 151.5| p151.2| p151.0| p-0.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.10| p$14.25| $14.24| p$14.31| p$14.35| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 484.21| p487.46| 487.01| p489.40| p490.77| p1.37
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
4 months, resulting in a net loss of about 260,000 jobs over the period.
Manufacturing employment continued to fall, but July's decline was the
smallest so far this year. The other major industry groups posted little or
no change in employment over the month. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing shed 49,000 jobs in July,
bringing total losses in the industry since July 2000 to 837,000. The
decline this July was less than half the size of the losses in each of the
prior 3 months. In July, employment in electrical equipment and in
industrial machinery continued to decline, by 24,000 and 21,000,
respectively. So far this year, these two industries together have lost a
total of 247,000 jobs, accounting for about 40 percent of the total job
loss in manufacturing. Employment in primary metals fell in July, the
ninth consecutive monthly decrease. In automobile manufacturing,
employment has fallen by 45,000 so far this year despite an increase of
11,000 over the month. Among nondurable manufacturing industries, printing
and publishing experienced another large employment decline in July and has
lost 65,000 jobs in the past 12 months.
Employment in construction was little changed in July, following a
decline in June. Monthly job growth in the industry has averaged 11,000
thus far in 2001, compared with 18,000 per month in 2000. In July, job
gains in heavy construction were offset by losses in special trade
contracting. Job growth continued in mining. Oil and gas extraction has
added 21,000 jobs so far this year, while metal mining has lost 7,000.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
was little changed overall in July. The help supply industry, which
provides temporary workers to businesses on a contractual basis, lost
42,000 jobs in July. This was the tenth consecutive monthly employment
decline for this industry, and its losses since last September now total
429,000 jobs. Large employment gains occurred in health services (25,000)
and in engineering and management services (13,000).
Employment in retail trade was little changed in July. Job gains in
eating and drinking places (40,000) and automobile dealers (5,000) were
partially offset by losses in food stores, apparel stores, and building
materials and garden supply stores. In July, employment in wholesale trade
was unchanged following three months with large declines. Job losses in
the distribution of durable goods were exactly offset by gains in the
nondurable-goods component of the industry.
Employment in transportation and public utilities was little changed in
July, following a decline of 16,000 in June. After gaining an average of
14,000 jobs a month in 2000, employment in the industry has changed little
on balance since December. Air transportation and transportation services
continued their declining employment trends with small job losses in July.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment edged down in July,
following a larger decline in June. Together, the June and July job losses
in this industry totaled 18,000. Security and commodity brokerages
continued to shed jobs and accounted for most of the 2-month decline.
Employment in government edged up in July, with most of the gains in
state and local government education. This was the second consecutive
month of large seasonally adjusted job gains for state education
employment, as light hiring for the school year last autumn resulted in
smaller than usual layoffs during the summer months.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in July at 34.2 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek ticked up by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was flat at 3.9 hours. Over the past 12 months, the
factory workweek has fallen by 1.0 hour and factory overtime by 0.8 hour.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 percent in July to 151.0
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was unchanged at
98.1. The factory index had declined in each of the previous 5 months, and
has fallen by 8.3 percent over the past 12 months. The current level is
the lowest since March 1983. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in July to $14.35, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent to
$490.77. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.4 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 3.8 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for August 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, September 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample |
| |
| Effective with the release of data for July 2001, the Current Population |
|Survey (CPS) sample size has increased from about 50,000 to about 60,000 |
|households. Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau began to expand |
|the monthly sample for the CPS as part of its plan to meet the requirements |
|of the State Children's Health Insurance Program legislation. The Bureau |
|of Labor Statistics (BLS), however, deferred the use of the expanded sample |
|to allow sufficient time to evaluate the differences between the 50,000- |
|household sample and the expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated |
|the monthly data for the November 2000-April 2001 period and found no signi- |
|ficant differences in the national labor force estimates derived from the two|
|samples. Thus, BLS has incorporated the additional sample into the July 2001|
|official national labor force estimates presented in this release. Since |
|estimates from the two samples were virtually identical, household data for |
|the first 6 months of 2001 will not be revised. Annual average data for 2001|
|from the household survey, however, will be based on expanded-sample data for|
|all of the months of 2001. The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings |
|will contain an article discussing this sample expansion in more detail. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 8 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,727 211,725 211,921 209,727 211,171 211,348 211,525 211,725 211,921
Civilian labor force............................ 142,101 142,684 143,181 140,546 141,868 141,757 141,272 141,354 141,774
Participation rate........................ 67.8 67.4 67.6 67.0 67.2 67.1 66.8 66.8 66.9
Employed...................................... 136,097 135,923 136,385 134,898 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932 135,379
Employment-population ratio............... 64.9 64.2 64.4 64.3 64.3 64.0 63.9 63.7 63.9
Agriculture................................. 3,736 3,335 3,449 3,295 3,161 3,192 3,193 2,995 3,045
Nonagricultural industries.................. 132,361 132,588 132,936 131,603 132,618 132,162 131,910 131,937 132,334
Unemployed.................................... 6,004 6,762 6,797 5,648 6,088 6,402 6,169 6,422 6,395
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5
Not in labor force.............................. 67,626 69,040 68,739 69,181 69,304 69,592 70,254 70,370 70,147
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,402 4,959 4,488 4,423 4,174 4,368 4,535 4,600 4,529
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,745 101,786 101,885 100,745 101,504 101,593 101,684 101,786 101,885
Civilian labor force............................ 76,344 76,460 76,936 75,026 75,516 75,741 75,344 75,462 75,719
Participation rate........................ 75.8 75.1 75.5 74.5 74.4 74.6 74.1 74.1 74.3
Employed...................................... 73,408 72,885 73,441 72,141 72,201 72,245 71,978 71,926 72,279
Employment-population ratio............... 72.9 71.6 72.1 71.6 71.1 71.1 70.8 70.7 70.9
Unemployed.................................... 2,936 3,575 3,494 2,885 3,315 3,496 3,366 3,535 3,439
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 4.7 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,642 93,616 93,708 92,642 93,285 93,410 93,541 93,616 93,708
Civilian labor force............................ 71,138 71,627 71,818 70,782 71,261 71,575 71,351 71,346 71,555
Participation rate........................ 76.8 76.5 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.6 76.3 76.2 76.4
Employed...................................... 68,927 68,910 69,081 68,495 68,534 68,706 68,595 68,466 68,745
Employment-population ratio............... 74.4 73.6 73.7 73.9 73.5 73.6 73.3 73.1 73.4
Agriculture................................. 2,519 2,214 2,231 2,280 2,150 2,117 2,169 2,035 2,028
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,408 66,696 66,850 66,215 66,383 66,589 66,426 66,430 66,717
Unemployed.................................... 2,211 2,716 2,737 2,287 2,728 2,869 2,756 2,880 2,810
Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,983 109,939 110,035 108,983 109,667 109,756 109,842 109,939 110,035
Civilian labor force............................ 65,757 66,224 66,246 65,520 66,352 66,016 65,928 65,893 66,055
Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.1 60.5 60.1 60.0 59.9 60.0
Employed...................................... 62,689 63,038 62,943 62,757 63,578 63,109 63,125 63,006 63,100
Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 57.3 57.2 57.6 58.0 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.3
Unemployed.................................... 3,068 3,187 3,302 2,763 2,774 2,907 2,803 2,887 2,956
Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,111 102,023 102,067 101,111 101,779 101,870 101,938 102,023 102,067
Civilian labor force............................ 61,015 61,707 61,575 61,535 62,412 62,132 62,119 61,890 62,145
Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.5 60.3 60.9 61.3 61.0 60.9 60.7 60.9
Employed...................................... 58,556 59,215 58,940 59,273 60,178 59,741 59,766 59,510 59,752
Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 58.0 57.7 58.6 59.1 58.6 58.6 58.3 58.5
Agriculture................................. 885 809 846 797 819 847 822 752 773
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,670 58,406 58,094 58,476 59,359 58,895 58,943 58,759 58,978
Unemployed.................................... 2,459 2,492 2,636 2,262 2,233 2,390 2,353 2,380 2,394
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 4.0 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,974 16,086 16,145 15,974 16,108 16,068 16,046 16,086 16,145
Civilian labor force............................ 9,948 9,351 9,788 8,229 8,195 8,050 7,802 8,118 8,074
Participation rate........................ 62.3 58.1 60.6 51.5 50.9 50.1 48.6 50.5 50.0
Employed...................................... 8,614 7,797 8,364 7,130 7,067 6,907 6,742 6,956 6,883
Employment-population ratio............... 53.9 48.5 51.8 44.6 43.9 43.0 42.0 43.2 42.6
Agriculture................................. 332 312 373 218 191 229 201 209 244
Nonagricultural industries.................. 8,282 7,486 7,991 6,912 6,876 6,678 6,541 6,748 6,638
Unemployed.................................... 1,334 1,554 1,424 1,099 1,127 1,143 1,060 1,162 1,191
Unemployment rate......................... 13.4 16.6 14.5 13.4 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,443 175,789 175,924 174,443 175,416 175,533 175,653 175,789 175,924
Civilian labor force............................ 118,533 118,859 119,119 117,298 118,243 118,145 117,688 117,733 117,982
Participation rate.......................... 67.9 67.6 67.7 67.2 67.4 67.3 67.0 67.0 67.1
Employed...................................... 114,294 113,926 114,222 113,201 113,853 113,434 113,185 113,037 113,237
Employment-population ratio................. 65.5 64.8 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.6 64.4 64.3 64.4
Unemployed.................................... 4,240 4,932 4,897 4,097 4,389 4,711 4,503 4,696 4,745
Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,325 60,681 60,714 59,982 60,358 60,598 60,512 60,389 60,432
Participation rate.......................... 77.2 77.0 77.0 76.7 76.7 77.0 76.8 76.6 76.6
Employed...................................... 58,769 58,651 58,771 58,317 58,366 58,488 58,493 58,244 58,362
Employment-population ratio................. 75.2 74.4 74.5 74.6 74.2 74.3 74.3 73.9 74.0
Unemployed.................................... 1,557 2,029 1,943 1,665 1,991 2,110 2,019 2,145 2,069
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,830 50,226 50,161 50,328 50,910 50,697 50,611 50,431 50,684
Participation rate.......................... 59.6 59.7 59.6 60.2 60.6 60.3 60.2 59.9 60.2
Employed...................................... 48,067 48,457 48,240 48,700 49,318 48,907 48,902 48,749 48,925
Employment-population ratio................. 57.5 57.6 57.3 58.3 58.7 58.2 58.1 57.9 58.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,763 1,769 1,921 1,628 1,593 1,790 1,708 1,682 1,759
Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 8,378 7,952 8,244 6,988 6,975 6,850 6,566 6,913 6,866
Participation rate.......................... 66.0 62.2 64.4 55.0 54.8 53.7 51.4 54.0 53.6
Employed...................................... 7,458 6,818 7,211 6,184 6,169 6,039 5,790 6,044 5,950
Employment-population ratio................. 58.7 53.3 56.3 48.7 48.5 47.3 45.3 47.2 46.5
Unemployed.................................... 920 1,134 1,033 804 806 812 776 869 916
Unemployment rate........................... 11.0 14.3 12.5 11.5 11.6 11.8 11.8 12.6 13.3
Men....................................... 11.7 15.5 12.7 12.5 11.8 12.8 13.1 14.5 13.7
Women..................................... 10.2 12.9 12.4 10.4 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.6 13.0
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,221 25,533 25,565 25,221 25,441 25,472 25,501 25,533 25,565
Civilian labor force............................ 16,808 16,897 16,990 16,501 16,789 16,666 16,639 16,756 16,693
Participation rate.......................... 66.6 66.2 66.5 65.4 66.0 65.4 65.2 65.6 65.3
Employed...................................... 15,356 15,434 15,481 15,232 15,348 15,299 15,311 15,343 15,374
Employment-population ratio................. 60.9 60.4 60.6 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.1 60.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,452 1,463 1,509 1,269 1,441 1,367 1,328 1,413 1,320
Unemployment rate........................... 8.6 8.7 8.9 7.7 8.6 8.2 8.0 8.4 7.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,357 7,329 7,439 7,306 7,404 7,369 7,275 7,317 7,395
Participation rate.......................... 72.8 71.6 72.6 72.3 72.6 72.2 71.2 71.5 72.1
Employed...................................... 6,831 6,805 6,815 6,811 6,776 6,761 6,723 6,744 6,808
Employment-population ratio................. 67.6 66.5 66.5 67.4 66.4 66.2 65.8 65.9 66.4
Unemployed.................................... 527 524 624 495 628 608 552 573 586
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 7.2 8.4 6.8 8.5 8.2 7.6 7.8 7.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,198 8,467 8,371 8,234 8,418 8,353 8,421 8,491 8,409
Participation rate.......................... 64.8 66.1 65.2 65.1 65.9 65.3 65.8 66.3 65.5
Employed...................................... 7,622 7,886 7,808 7,714 7,885 7,892 7,882 7,917 7,903
Employment-population ratio................. 60.3 61.5 60.8 61.0 61.7 61.7 61.6 61.8 61.6
Unemployed.................................... 576 581 564 520 533 460 539 573 506
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.3 5.5 6.4 6.8 6.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,252 1,101 1,179 961 968 944 942 948 890
Participation rate.......................... 50.8 44.4 47.5 39.0 39.2 38.2 38.0 38.2 35.8
Employed...................................... 904 743 858 707 688 646 706 681 663
Employment-population ratio................. 36.7 30.0 34.5 28.7 27.9 26.1 28.5 27.5 26.7
Unemployed.................................... 349 358 321 254 280 299 236 267 227
Unemployment rate........................... 27.8 32.5 27.3 26.4 28.9 31.6 25.1 28.2 25.5
Men....................................... 28.5 36.4 29.7 25.7 27.7 34.9 30.0 30.7 26.9
Women..................................... 27.2 29.1 24.9 27.1 30.2 28.6 20.3 26.0 24.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,422 23,090 23,157 22,422 22,889 22,957 23,021 23,090 23,157
Civilian labor force............................ 15,291 15,669 15,792 15,243 15,770 15,775 15,608 15,570 15,788
Participation rate.......................... 68.2 67.9 68.2 68.0 68.9 68.7 67.8 67.4 68.2
Employed...................................... 14,397 14,640 14,814 14,384 14,782 14,747 14,634 14,538 14,843
Employment-population ratio................. 64.2 63.4 64.0 64.2 64.6 64.2 63.6 63.0 64.1
Unemployed.................................... 894 1,029 979 859 988 1,028 975 1,032 945
Unemployment rate........................... 5.8 6.6 6.2 5.6 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.6 6.0
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,888 28,504 27,679 27,888 27,564 28,326 28,350 28,504 27,679
Civilian labor force.................... 12,015 12,321 11,986 12,249 12,103 12,371 12,319 12,170 12,188
Percent of population............... 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.9 43.9 43.7 43.5 42.7 44.0
Employed.............................. 11,279 11,543 11,221 11,470 11,267 11,558 11,523 11,338 11,380
Employment-population ratio......... 40.4 40.5 40.5 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.6 39.8 41.1
Unemployed............................ 736 778 765 779 836 813 797 831 808
Unemployment rate................... 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.6
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,144 57,099 56,947 57,144 57,660 57,456 57,456 57,099 56,947
Civilian labor force.................... 36,380 36,672 36,286 37,003 37,189 37,053 36,952 36,821 36,970
Percent of population............... 63.7 64.2 63.7 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.5 64.9
Employed.............................. 35,138 35,320 34,795 35,753 35,746 35,650 35,507 35,391 35,468
Employment-population ratio......... 61.5 61.9 61.1 62.6 62.0 62.0 61.8 62.0 62.3
Unemployed............................ 1,242 1,352 1,491 1,250 1,443 1,403 1,446 1,431 1,502
Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,724 44,812 45,444 44,724 45,182 44,653 44,576 44,812 45,444
Civilian labor force.................... 33,052 33,111 33,432 32,916 33,241 33,044 33,192 33,314 33,296
Percent of population............... 73.9 73.9 73.6 73.6 73.6 74.0 74.5 74.3 73.3
Employed.............................. 32,093 32,102 32,366 32,014 32,360 32,065 32,188 32,263 32,301
Employment-population ratio......... 71.8 71.6 71.2 71.6 71.6 71.8 72.2 72.0 71.1
Unemployed............................ 959 1,009 1,066 902 881 978 1,004 1,051 994
Unemployment rate................... 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,549 46,348 46,784 45,549 45,979 46,045 46,271 46,348 46,784
Civilian labor force.................... 35,907 36,372 36,635 35,910 36,642 36,646 36,687 36,592 36,634
Percent of population............... 78.8 78.5 78.3 78.8 79.7 79.6 79.3 78.9 78.3
Employed.............................. 35,219 35,545 35,752 35,298 35,916 35,802 35,915 35,796 35,859
Employment-population ratio......... 77.3 76.7 76.4 77.5 78.1 77.8 77.6 77.2 76.6
Unemployed............................ 688 826 883 612 726 845 771 796 775
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 2.3 2.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 136,097 135,923 136,385 134,898 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932 135,379
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,241 43,342 43,251 43,308 43,385 43,516 43,733 43,428 43,294
Married women, spouse present................... 33,047 33,113 32,931 33,621 34,080 33,662 33,686 33,380 33,603
Women who maintain families..................... 8,372 8,453 8,507 8,460 8,049 8,160 8,319 8,529 8,567
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,517 41,849 41,629 40,804 42,023 41,841 41,996 41,987 41,917
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,474 38,920 39,145 39,317 39,433 39,014 38,743 38,998 39,067
Service occupations............................. 18,288 18,855 18,996 17,968 18,289 18,258 18,224 18,576 18,642
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,419 14,957 15,222 15,191 14,895 14,834 14,962 14,794 14,997
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,558 17,797 17,762 18,313 17,999 18,127 17,904 17,564 17,571
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,842 3,544 3,631 3,332 3,321 3,238 3,251 3,136 3,166
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,360 2,039 2,028 2,065 1,910 1,902 1,958 1,775 1,786
Self-employed workers......................... 1,326 1,251 1,392 1,189 1,231 1,223 1,201 1,166 1,256
Unpaid family workers......................... 50 44 29 39 36 47 38 36 22
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,543 123,625 124,162 122,744 123,814 123,395 123,416 123,009 123,432
Government.................................. 18,072 18,624 18,371 18,592 19,134 18,854 19,067 18,812 18,919
Private industries.......................... 105,471 105,001 105,792 104,152 104,680 104,541 104,349 104,197 104,513
Private households........................ 857 793 811 821 881 812 789 744 790
Other industries.......................... 104,614 104,208 104,981 103,331 103,800 103,729 103,559 103,453 103,723
Self-employed workers......................... 8,739 8,864 8,694 8,619 8,784 8,608 8,530 8,741 8,574
Unpaid family workers......................... 79 99 79 86 138 93 103 94 88
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,283 3,924 3,681 3,110 3,164 3,201 3,371 3,637 3,466
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,905 2,288 2,167 1,871 1,914 2,097 2,215 2,299 2,120
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,018 1,180 1,113 918 907 873 900 1,025 999
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,238 16,884 16,452 18,579 18,647 18,713 18,581 18,472 18,845
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,146 3,801 3,559 2,972 3,007 3,061 3,197 3,532 3,336
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,802 2,225 2,094 1,773 1,828 1,985 2,089 2,234 2,059
Could only find part-time work.............. 990 1,141 1,088 896 877 864 876 1,024 985
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,696 16,379 15,929 18,052 18,132 18,176 18,061 18,039 18,309
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,648 6,422 6,395 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,287 2,880 2,810 3.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,262 2,380 2,394 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,099 1,162 1,191 13.4 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8
Married men, spouse present.................... 876 1,171 1,170 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6
Married women, spouse present.................. 948 1,034 981 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8
Women who maintain families.................... 508 577 569 5.7 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2
Full-time workers.............................. 4,422 5,162 5,173 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4
Part-time workers.............................. 1,223 1,282 1,242 5.1 4.8 5.5 4.6 5.3 5.1
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 766 865 955 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,464 1,638 1,608 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.0
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 545 690 663 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,216 1,513 1,369 6.2 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.9 7.2
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 206 207 258 5.8 9.1 7.5 7.1 6.2 7.5
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,428 5,238 5,158 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.7
Goods-producing industries................... 1,230 1,568 1,584 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6
Mining..................................... 22 39 21 4.5 3.5 5.1 5.5 6.8 3.7
Construction............................... 490 550 570 6.0 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.8
Manufacturing.............................. 718 979 994 3.6 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1
Durable goods............................ 404 611 567 3.3 5.0 4.3 4.9 5.0 4.7
Nondurable goods......................... 314 368 427 4.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.7
Service-producing industries................. 3,198 3,670 3,574 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.4
Transportation and public utilities........ 250 356 265 3.1 3.1 4.1 3.8 4.4 3.3
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,367 1,482 1,447 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 175 213 259 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 3.2
Services................................... 1,406 1,619 1,603 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.3
Government workers............................. 407 394 402 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 161 188 219 7.2 11.3 9.2 8.2 9.6 10.9
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,734 3,486 2,873 2,493 2,674 2,958 2,679 2,809 2,612
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,970 1,803 2,347 1,811 1,992 1,977 2,028 2,084 2,150
15 weeks and over................................ 1,300 1,473 1,576 1,319 1,517 1,499 1,484 1,540 1,587
15 to 26 weeks................................ 590 780 876 650 814 759 852 804 935
27 weeks and over............................. 711 692 700 669 703 740 632 737 652
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.9 11.8 12.3 13.2 13.0 12.6 12.2 13.0 12.5
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.5 4.4 6.2 5.9 6.5 5.8 6.5 6.2 6.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 45.5 51.6 42.3 44.3 43.2 46.0 43.3 43.7 41.1
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 32.8 26.7 34.5 32.2 32.2 30.7 32.8 32.4 33.9
15 weeks and over.............................. 21.7 21.8 23.2 23.5 24.5 23.3 24.0 23.9 25.0
15 to 26 weeks............................... 9.8 11.5 12.9 11.6 13.2 11.8 13.8 12.5 14.7
27 weeks and over............................ 11.8 10.2 10.3 11.9 11.4 11.5 10.2 11.4 10.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,489 3,090 3,327 2,450 2,963 3,199 3,159 3,291 3,252
On temporary layoff............................. 887 843 1,033 857 991 1,053 1,084 940 1,003
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,603 2,247 2,294 1,593 1,972 2,146 2,075 2,351 2,249
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,105 1,656 1,721 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 498 591 573 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 843 781 825 788 814 749 820 810 774
Reentrants........................................ 2,049 2,186 2,000 1,960 1,908 2,005 1,801 1,906 1,912
New entrants...................................... 623 705 644 412 386 462 482 477 436
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 41.5 45.7 49.0 43.7 48.8 49.9 50.4 50.8 51.0
On temporary layoff............................ 14.8 12.5 15.2 15.3 16.3 16.4 17.3 14.5 15.7
Not on temporary layoff........................ 26.7 33.2 33.8 28.4 32.5 33.5 33.1 36.3 35.3
Job leavers...................................... 14.0 11.5 12.1 14.0 13.4 11.7 13.1 12.5 12.1
Reentrants....................................... 34.1 32.3 29.4 34.9 31.4 31.3 28.8 29.4 30.0
New entrants..................................... 10.4 10.4 9.5 7.3 6.4 7.2 7.7 7.4 6.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3
Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3
New entrants..................................... .4 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 1.0 1.1 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.4 4.9 5.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.0 5.5 5.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.3 8.2 8.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,648 6,422 6,395 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,077 2,340 2,281 9.2 10.0 10.4 9.9 10.4 10.1
16 to 19 years................................ 1,099 1,162 1,191 13.4 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 14.8
16 to 17 years.............................. 514 505 609 16.3 16.0 16.7 15.5 16.0 19.3
18 to 19 years.............................. 578 652 582 11.5 12.3 12.6 12.2 13.1 11.8
20 to 24 years................................ 978 1,177 1,090 6.9 7.8 8.3 7.9 8.2 7.5
25 years and over............................... 3,550 4,110 4,104 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4
25 to 54 years................................ 3,107 3,621 3,604 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6
55 years and over............................. 436 521 521 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,885 3,535 3,439 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5
16 to 24 years................................ 1,127 1,371 1,228 9.6 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.8 10.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 598 655 629 14.1 13.8 15.1 15.3 15.9 15.1
16 to 17 years............................ 281 288 304 17.5 15.6 18.7 17.4 18.0 19.0
18 to 19 years............................ 313 369 331 12.0 12.7 12.8 13.9 14.5 13.0
20 to 24 years.............................. 529 716 599 7.1 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.5 7.9
25 years and over............................. 1,767 2,167 2,220 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,506 1,866 1,910 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6
55 years and over........................... 243 311 307 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,763 2,887 2,956 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5
16 to 24 years................................ 950 968 1,053 8.9 8.9 9.8 8.8 8.9 9.7
16 to 19 years.............................. 501 507 562 12.6 13.7 13.3 11.8 12.7 14.4
16 to 17 years............................ 233 216 305 15.0 16.4 14.5 13.6 14.0 19.6
18 to 19 years............................ 265 283 251 10.9 11.9 12.4 10.4 11.6 10.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 449 461 491 6.7 6.3 7.8 7.1 6.7 7.1
25 years and over............................. 1,783 1,942 1,884 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,601 1,755 1,694 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6
55 years and over........................... 193 209 214 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
July July July July July July
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,626 68,739 24,400 24,950 43,226 43,790
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,402 4,488 1,922 1,812 2,480 2,676
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,170 1,225 617 549 553 676
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 265 308 176 171 89 137
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 906 917 441 377 465 540
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,553 7,452 4,024 3,920 3,529 3,532
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,043 4,017 2,337 2,382 1,706 1,635
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,593 1,573 592 512 1,001 1,061
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 416 324 258 196 158 127
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,441 1,493 802 804 639 689
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 131,739 133,147 133,625 132,246 131,899 132,654 132,489 132,530 132,437 132,395
Total private.................... 112,129 111,954 112,747 112,520 111,180 111,943 111,742 111,760 111,622 111,549
Goods-producing......................... 26,105 25,349 25,555 25,490 25,774 25,602 25,421 25,324 25,198 25,151
Mining................................ 551 563 572 574 542 557 560 564 565 566
Metal mining........................ 41.1 36.5 35.5 34.9 40 38 37 37 35 34
Coal mining......................... 75.9 76.1 77.4 77.9 76 75 75 76 78 78
Oil and gas extraction.............. 316.3 335.8 343.3 344.4 313 331 335 339 340 341
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 117.5 114.2 115.7 117.0 113 113 113 112 112 113
Construction.......................... 7,019 6,938 7,122 7,213 6,678 6,929 6,852 6,881 6,867 6,868
General building contractors........ 1,592.5 1,550.2 1,594.5 1,619.7 1,525 1,552 1,548 1,556 1,549 1,553
Heavy construction, except building. 966.6 955.7 988.2 1,003.8 897 938 915 923 926 932
Special trade contractors........... 4,460.3 4,431.9 4,538.8 4,589.8 4,256 4,439 4,389 4,402 4,392 4,383
Manufacturing......................... 18,535 17,848 17,861 17,703 18,554 18,116 18,009 17,879 17,766 17,717
Production workers................ 12,649 12,041 12,032 11,893 12,688 12,254 12,166 12,066 11,963 11,924
Durable goods........................ 11,179 10,772 10,758 10,622 11,207 10,941 10,870 10,778 10,695 10,646
Production workers................ 7,596 7,235 7,211 7,086 7,635 7,358 7,308 7,235 7,160 7,120
Lumber and wood products............ 847.3 793.6 808.1 806.8 836 799 800 797 798 795
Furniture and fixtures.............. 557.6 537.8 533.3 524.9 565 548 543 540 532 532
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 591.5 577.2 580.3 580.4 581 578 577 574 571 570
Primary metal industries............ 696.9 657.8 654.9 645.1 700 671 667 660 654 648
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 225.7 211.1 211.3 209.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,533.1 1,486.6 1,487.1 1,465.4 1,546 1,509 1,503 1,488 1,479 1,478
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,133.4 2,054.9 2,039.9 2,007.6 2,137 2,084 2,072 2,054 2,031 2,010
Computer and office equipment..... 363.8 363.3 358.5 353.4 362 369 367 366 357 351
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,734.3 1,650.2 1,628.5 1,599.7 1,735 1,715 1,684 1,656 1,624 1,600
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 691.5 668.3 652.1 639.2 689 702 686 670 649 637
Transportation equipment............ 1,835.7 1,763.0 1,767.7 1,741.1 1,855 1,775 1,768 1,757 1,752 1,759
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 993.9 943.3 945.8 925.4 1,015 956 950 939 934 945
Aircraft and parts................ 465.0 464.1 465.9 464.2 465 465 464 465 465 465
Instruments and related products.... 857.3 864.1 867.7 866.4 856 871 866 865 865 865
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 392.2 387.2 390.1 384.9 396 391 390 387 389 389
Nondurable goods..................... 7,356 7,076 7,103 7,081 7,347 7,175 7,139 7,101 7,071 7,071
Production workers................ 5,053 4,806 4,821 4,807 5,053 4,896 4,858 4,831 4,803 4,804
Food and kindred products........... 1,710.3 1,660.4 1,684.4 1,708.9 1,686 1,687 1,687 1,684 1,686 1,685
Tobacco products.................... 32.0 30.7 31.2 30.8 34 32 32 33 33 33
Textile mill products............... 528.0 480.6 475.6 468.9 530 494 489 480 472 470
Apparel and other textile products.. 627.7 581.1 576.8 564.5 637 590 581 579 569 573
Paper and allied products........... 659.0 636.9 638.9 634.4 656 642 641 639 635 632
Printing and publishing............. 1,554.1 1,498.7 1,498.8 1,489.8 1,553 1,524 1,512 1,502 1,496 1,488
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,037.6 1,034.5 1,040.0 1,042.3 1,036 1,039 1,036 1,033 1,034 1,041
Petroleum and coal products......... 130.5 127.6 130.1 131.6 128 126 128 127 128 129
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,004.9 959.6 961.3 948.2 1,013 973 967 959 954 956
Leather and leather products........ 71.4 66.1 65.6 61.7 74 68 66 65 64 64
Service-producing....................... 105,634 107,798 108,070 106,756 106,125 107,052 107,068 107,206 107,239 107,244
Transportation and public utilities... 7,019 7,130 7,148 7,095 7,034 7,127 7,119 7,130 7,114 7,110
Transportation...................... 4,512 4,586 4,589 4,542 4,536 4,591 4,576 4,584 4,568 4,566
Railroad transportation........... 235.9 230.5 228.7 227.9 235 230 230 230 227 227
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 415.3 501.5 480.5 418.6 477 480 477 483 482 481
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,882.4 1,858.5 1,880.3 1,887.9 1,860 1,872 1,864 1,867 1,865 1,865
Water transportation.............. 206.3 204.5 207.9 215.2 195 201 202 203 201 204
Transportation by air............. 1,281.7 1,305.3 1,307.1 1,308.0 1,282 1,316 1,313 1,315 1,310 1,308
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.0 13.7 14.1 14.2 14 13 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 476.4 471.9 470.5 470.0 473 479 476 472 469 467
Communications and public utilities. 2,507 2,544 2,559 2,553 2,498 2,536 2,543 2,546 2,546 2,544
Communications.................... 1,649.6 1,698.7 1,706.6 1,698.9 1,647 1,690 1,696 1,699 1,700 1,697
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 857.8 845.0 852.4 853.7 851 846 847 847 846 847
Wholesale trade....................... 7,065 7,040 7,069 7,057 7,030 7,066 7,053 7,038 7,022 7,022
Durable goods....................... 4,221 4,172 4,184 4,173 4,201 4,196 4,187 4,174 4,165 4,153
Nondurable goods.................... 2,844 2,868 2,885 2,884 2,829 2,870 2,866 2,864 2,857 2,869
Retail trade.......................... 23,418 23,568 23,780 23,683 23,311 23,457 23,530 23,546 23,570 23,576
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,049.3 1,051.6 1,065.6 1,042.4 1,014 1,006 999 1,006 1,015 1,008
General merchandise stores.......... 2,752.4 2,735.0 2,758.2 2,743.9 2,820 2,797 2,804 2,821 2,822 2,814
Department stores................. 2,409.6 2,396.8 2,417.4 2,404.3 2,470 2,451 2,459 2,473 2,476 2,465
Food stores......................... 3,547.8 3,536.5 3,561.2 3,562.1 3,523 3,550 3,562 3,553 3,547 3,537
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,437.7 2,435.0 2,452.6 2,459.5 2,412 2,420 2,421 2,428 2,430 2,435
New and used car dealers.......... 1,121.0 1,126.0 1,131.9 1,135.9 1,116 1,124 1,122 1,126 1,127 1,131
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,190.5 1,203.0 1,215.6 1,213.5 1,196 1,228 1,226 1,231 1,228 1,218
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,125.5 1,124.5 1,125.4 1,126.4 1,135 1,147 1,140 1,136 1,136 1,136
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,278.9 8,363.5 8,494.4 8,439.6 8,123 8,158 8,213 8,216 8,241 8,281
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,036.1 3,118.4 3,107.4 3,095.4 3,088 3,151 3,165 3,155 3,151 3,147
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,626 7,640 7,698 7,715 7,536 7,618 7,626 7,644 7,631 7,626
Finance............................. 3,726 3,761 3,784 3,788 3,701 3,755 3,761 3,770 3,768 3,763
Depository institutions........... 2,038.0 2,032.7 2,050.8 2,053.7 2,024 2,028 2,032 2,037 2,040 2,040
Commercial banks................ 1,435.7 1,421.6 1,434.4 1,435.3 1,425 1,418 1,421 1,426 1,428 1,425
Savings institutions............ 254.2 254.9 257.6 258.2 252 254 255 255 256 256
Nondepository institutions........ 677.5 697.0 703.4 702.8 675 686 691 697 701 700
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 304.8 314.7 319.5 319.6 304 306 308 313 318 318
Security and commodity brokers.... 758.9 770.8 769.1 769.8 751 781 780 776 766 762
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 252.0 260.1 260.9 261.5 251 260 258 260 261 261
Insurance........................... 2,350 2,357 2,365 2,368 2,340 2,353 2,356 2,358 2,356 2,358
Insurance carriers................ 1,592.1 1,597.2 1,604.5 1,606.4 1,585 1,593 1,596 1,598 1,598 1,599
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 758.2 759.8 760.2 761.6 755 760 760 760 758 759
Real estate......................... 1,550 1,522 1,549 1,559 1,495 1,510 1,509 1,516 1,507 1,505
Services2............................. 40,896 41,227 41,497 41,480 40,495 41,073 40,993 41,078 41,087 41,064
Agricultural services............... 880.4 891.7 919.0 920.1 798 828 824 834 834 835
Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,088.2 1,946.4 2,042.9 2,093.7 1,923 1,960 1,944 1,935 1,922 1,926
Personal services................... 1,201.8 1,256.4 1,246.7 1,234.5 1,250 1,265 1,267 1,277 1,280 1,284
Business services................... 9,922.7 9,658.9 9,708.6 9,640.8 9,884 9,822 9,729 9,702 9,668 9,603
Services to buildings............. 1,001.5 1,016.6 1,020.0 1,009.6 994 1,007 1,009 1,013 1,009 1,002
Personnel supply services......... 3,920.5 3,556.2 3,579.0 3,524.6 3,909 3,694 3,600 3,590 3,558 3,516
Help supply services............ 3,521.2 3,163.1 3,186.0 3,131.5 3,505 3,293 3,202 3,198 3,160 3,118
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,108.0 2,194.8 2,205.6 2,210.6 2,106 2,195 2,199 2,200 2,205 2,208
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,254.7 1,309.6 1,312.7 1,321.2 1,248 1,298 1,300 1,309 1,302 1,314
Miscellaneous repair services....... 368.9 363.9 363.8 363.9 365 364 364 363 361 360
Motion pictures..................... 608.0 588.7 601.1 606.0 596 605 601 587 596 593
Amusement and recreation services... 2,053.5 1,873.9 2,046.8 2,109.3 1,735 1,775 1,764 1,787 1,776 1,782
Health services..................... 10121.6 10285.0 10356.1 10380.2 10,097 10,259 10,280 10,296 10,329 10,354
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,926.4 1,970.7 1,986.2 1,988.5 1,923 1,962 1,967 1,973 1,981 1,985
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,797.6 1,810.6 1,824.9 1,825.8 1,793 1,811 1,816 1,814 1,820 1,822
Hospitals......................... 4,001.5 4,063.4 4,092.1 4,111.0 3,988 4,055 4,062 4,071 4,086 4,097
Home health care services......... 645.1 647.1 649.8 649.3 645 648 646 645 648 649
Legal services...................... 1,026.8 1,020.9 1,043.8 1,042.6 1,010 1,022 1,021 1,027 1,027 1,026
Educational services................ 2,048.8 2,475.8 2,225.0 2,130.0 2,337 2,384 2,388 2,431 2,429 2,428
Social services..................... 2,846.9 3,069.2 3,045.4 3,014.1 2,883 3,009 3,023 3,039 3,052 3,042
Child day care services........... 650.1 771.1 733.8 692.8 715 739 743 745 752 762
Residential care.................. 813.4 841.1 851.1 855.1 807 831 835 842 845 848
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 116.4 113.4 119.6 121.7 107 110 109 110 111 112
Membership organizations............ 2,534.7 2,492.4 2,536.5 2,558.1 2,466 2,489 2,489 2,496 2,497 2,489
Engineering and management services. 3,449.1 3,507.7 3,554.4 3,569.0 3,423 3,510 3,517 3,512 3,529 3,542
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,039.9 1,054.3 1,076.0 1,083.2 1,022 1,052 1,053 1,057 1,060 1,064
Management and public relations... 1,099.1 1,121.8 1,135.3 1,137.3 1,090 1,125 1,124 1,121 1,125 1,128
Services, nec....................... 51.7 51.6 52.7 52.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 19,610 21,193 20,878 19,726 20,719 20,711 20,747 20,770 20,815 20,846
Federal............................. 2,837 2,615 2,621 2,609 2,820 2,613 2,615 2,612 2,601 2,592
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,980.0 1,762.5 1,776.9 1,771.6 1,957 1,754 1,756 1,754 1,752 1,749
State............................... 4,530 4,913 4,700 4,640 4,782 4,836 4,847 4,854 4,880 4,902
Education......................... 1,738.0 2,125.5 1,875.6 1,797.9 2,033 2,055 2,065 2,066 2,087 2,103
Other State government............ 2,791.5 2,787.9 2,824.4 2,841.6 2,749 2,781 2,782 2,788 2,793 2,799
Local............................... 12,243 13,665 13,557 12,477 13,117 13,262 13,285 13,304 13,334 13,352
Education......................... 6,255.7 7,902.8 7,550.3 6,342.0 7,438 7,492 7,495 7,512 7,521 7,533
Other local government............ 5,987.2 5,761.8 6,006.9 6,134.5 5,679 5,770 5,790 5,792 5,813 5,819
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.9 34.1 34.4 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2
Goods-producing......................... 41.0 40.6 40.6 40.4 41.1 40.5 40.6 40.5 40.3 40.4
Mining................................ 43.5 44.0 43.7 43.5 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.9 43.3 43.1
Construction.......................... 40.0 40.1 39.9 40.3 39.0 39.1 39.3 39.7 39.3 39.4
Manufacturing......................... 41.3 40.7 40.8 40.3 41.8 41.0 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.8
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Durable goods........................ 41.7 41.1 41.1 40.5 42.4 41.3 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Lumber and wood products............ 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.8 41.0 40.3 40.1 40.6 40.3 41.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.7 38.2 38.5 39.0 40.1 39.1 39.3 38.6 38.3 39.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.5 44.3 44.4 44.3 43.2 43.7 43.2 43.9 44.1 44.0
Primary metal industries............ 44.5 43.5 43.8 43.2 45.2 43.4 44.3 43.5 43.8 43.9
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 46.4 44.4 45.1 44.5 46.2 44.4 45.4 44.6 45.1 44.3
Fabricated metal products........... 42.2 41.4 41.3 40.7 43.0 41.9 42.0 41.4 41.1 41.5
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.0 40.8 40.5 40.1 42.5 41.2 41.3 40.7 40.4 40.6
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 40.8 38.9 39.3 38.5 41.5 40.1 39.8 39.1 39.3 39.1
Transportation equipment............ 42.1 42.7 42.3 40.8 43.7 42.0 42.4 42.4 41.9 42.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.4 43.8 43.5 41.3 44.5 42.3 43.3 43.6 42.9 43.3
Instruments and related products.... 41.2 40.9 40.7 40.3 41.6 41.0 41.0 41.0 40.8 40.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.6 37.9 38.4 37.7 39.3 38.2 38.2 37.9 38.4 38.3
Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.1 40.3 40.0 41.0 40.5 40.5 40.3 40.3 40.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0
Food and kindred products........... 41.8 40.7 41.1 41.0 41.8 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.2 41.0
Tobacco products.................... 42.1 39.4 41.2 40.3 42.4 40.0 41.1 39.1 40.3 40.5
Textile mill products............... 41.0 40.3 40.6 39.1 41.6 40.5 40.3 40.3 40.5 39.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 37.9 37.8 37.3 38.1 37.5 38.0 37.8 37.5 37.8
Paper and allied products........... 42.4 41.3 41.5 41.5 42.6 41.8 42.0 41.6 41.7 41.7
Printing and publishing............. 38.2 37.7 37.8 37.8 38.4 38.6 38.2 38.0 38.0 38.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.1 42.7 42.3 42.6 42.4 42.1 42.5
Petroleum and coal products......... 42.2 41.7 42.8 42.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 40.8 40.6 40.9 40.2 41.5 41.0 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.8
Leather and leather products........ 37.1 36.1 36.7 34.6 37.6 36.1 36.6 35.9 36.2 35.1
Service-producing....................... 33.4 32.6 32.8 33.2 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.7
Transportation and public utilities... 39.2 37.9 38.2 38.7 38.5 38.3 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.0
Wholesale trade....................... 38.8 38.2 38.2 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.3
Retail trade.......................... 29.8 28.7 29.1 29.6 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.7 28.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.7 35.9 36.2 36.9 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.4
Services.............................. 33.1 32.5 32.8 33.1 32.6 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
July May June July July May June July
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.69 $14.22 $14.22 $14.27 $477.78 $484.90 $489.17 $493.74
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.75 14.24 14.31 14.35 473.00 487.01 489.40 490.77
Goods-producing......................... 15.45 15.84 15.91 16.02 633.45 643.10 645.95 647.21
Mining................................ 17.21 17.49 17.62 17.69 748.64 769.56 769.99 769.52
Construction.......................... 17.92 18.17 18.22 18.35 716.80 728.62 726.98 739.51
Manufacturing......................... 14.35 14.75 14.79 14.85 592.66 600.33 603.43 598.46
Durable goods........................ 14.74 15.19 15.24 15.27 614.66 624.31 626.36 618.44
Lumber and wood products............ 11.99 12.16 12.19 12.29 489.19 497.34 497.35 501.43
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.76 12.10 12.15 12.24 466.87 462.22 467.78 477.36
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.58 15.03 15.14 15.13 634.23 665.83 672.22 670.26
Primary metal industries............ 16.67 16.82 16.96 17.17 741.82 731.67 742.85 741.74
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 20.35 20.26 20.42 20.70 944.24 899.54 920.94 921.15
Fabricated metal products........... 13.83 14.23 14.26 14.24 583.63 589.12 588.94 579.57
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.57 15.79 15.81 15.91 653.94 644.23 640.31 637.99
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.77 14.38 14.49 14.58 561.82 559.38 569.46 561.33
Transportation equipment............ 18.02 18.83 18.90 18.87 758.64 804.04 799.47 769.90
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.22 19.18 19.25 19.17 772.53 840.08 837.38 791.72
Instruments and related products.... 14.46 14.73 14.81 14.98 595.75 602.46 602.77 603.69
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.57 12.10 12.05 12.10 446.60 458.59 462.72 456.17
Nondurable goods..................... 13.75 14.07 14.12 14.23 559.63 564.21 569.04 569.20
Food and kindred products........... 12.54 12.83 12.87 12.98 524.17 522.18 528.96 532.18
Tobacco products.................... 22.90 23.01 23.21 23.67 964.09 906.59 956.25 953.90
Textile mill products............... 11.18 11.29 11.32 11.37 458.38 454.99 459.59 444.57
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.29 9.39 9.44 9.41 349.30 355.88 356.83 350.99
Paper and allied products........... 16.36 16.72 16.90 16.96 693.66 690.54 701.35 703.84
Printing and publishing............. 14.41 14.75 14.76 14.86 550.46 556.08 557.93 561.71
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.33 18.52 18.55 18.73 775.36 783.40 780.96 788.53
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.93 21.83 21.79 21.90 925.45 910.31 932.61 932.94
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.88 13.30 13.30 13.37 525.50 539.98 543.97 537.47
Leather and leather products........ 10.13 10.26 10.35 10.28 375.82 370.39 379.85 355.69
Service-producing....................... 13.14 13.73 13.71 13.76 438.88 447.60 449.69 456.83
Transportation and public utilities... 16.19 16.70 16.81 16.82 634.65 632.93 642.14 650.93
Wholesale trade....................... 15.27 15.67 15.75 15.86 592.48 598.59 601.65 612.20
Retail trade.......................... 9.40 9.78 9.78 9.77 280.12 280.69 284.60 289.19
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.01 15.76 15.73 15.87 550.87 565.78 569.43 585.60
Services.............................. 13.78 14.46 14.40 14.47 456.12 469.95 472.32 478.96
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
July Mar. Apr. May June July change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
June 2001-
July 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.75 $14.17 $14.21 $14.24 $14.31 $14.35 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.95 7.94 7.93 7.95 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.38 15.79 15.78 15.86 15.91 15.95 .3
Mining...................... 17.29 17.55 17.53 17.54 17.76 17.76 .0
Construction................ 17.86 18.33 18.15 18.22 18.29 18.29 .0
Manufacturing............... 14.37 14.66 14.72 14.78 14.81 14.87 .4
Excluding overtime4....... 13.62 13.96 14.04 14.09 14.13 14.19 .4
Service-producing............. 13.24 13.68 13.73 13.76 13.84 13.87 .2
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.18 16.68 16.74 16.76 16.89 16.81 -.5
Wholesale trade............. 15.24 15.68 15.74 15.70 15.84 15.82 -.1
Retail trade................ 9.47 9.72 9.74 9.79 9.84 9.84 .0
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.07 15.61 15.64 15.74 15.84 15.93 .6
Services.................... 13.92 14.40 14.48 14.49 14.55 14.62 .5
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .3 percent from May 2001 to June 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 155.2 151.3 153.5 154.3 151.6 152.0 151.5 151.5 151.2 151.0
Goods-producing......................... 118.5 113.2 114.2 113.3 117.0 114.1 113.5 112.8 111.5 111.6
Mining................................ 52.8 55.3 56.1 56.1 51.5 54.5 55.0 55.4 55.0 54.7
Construction.......................... 198.9 196.5 201.4 206.2 182.8 191.0 190.0 192.5 189.6 190.4
Manufacturing......................... 105.3 98.8 98.9 96.7 107.0 101.2 100.7 99.1 98.1 98.1
Durable goods........................ 110.6 103.7 103.4 100.1 113.0 105.9 105.4 103.6 102.1 102.2
Lumber and wood products............ 149.4 138.5 141.0 140.8 148.1 137.7 137.2 138.2 137.2 139.5
Furniture and fixtures.............. 138.5 127.7 127.8 126.4 141.8 133.7 133.1 129.5 126.7 129.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 122.8 121.3 122.3 122.2 119.6 119.7 118.3 119.4 119.2 118.9
Primary metal industries............ 91.7 84.3 84.1 81.1 93.7 86.2 87.0 84.4 84.0 83.0
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 73.2 65.1 66.2 64.4 72.6 66.6 67.6 65.6 65.6 64.0
Fabricated metal products........... 120.5 113.8 113.6 109.6 124.4 117.1 116.9 114.0 112.3 113.3
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 102.9 94.5 92.9 90.1 104.4 97.0 96.3 94.0 92.0 91.3
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 108.6 96.6 95.9 91.7 111.0 103.4 100.9 97.4 95.9 93.5
Transportation equipment............ 116.7 114.1 112.8 106.4 123.4 113.1 113.8 112.8 110.4 112.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 151.7 149.7 148.3 137.0 164.3 146.0 149.0 147.7 143.5 148.2
Instruments and related products.... 75.3 74.2 73.8 72.4 76.1 75.2 74.7 74.2 73.4 73.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 97.5 93.3 95.0 91.8 100.6 95.3 95.3 93.8 95.0 94.4
Nondurable goods..................... 98.2 92.1 92.9 91.9 98.9 94.7 94.1 93.0 92.6 92.5
Food and kindred products........... 119.8 111.6 114.4 116.7 117.8 115.9 116.0 114.8 115.4 114.8
Tobacco products.................... 47.7 42.4 45.1 43.7 52.5 45.6 46.8 46.5 47.9 48.1
Textile mill products............... 75.4 67.1 67.0 63.8 76.9 69.5 68.5 67.1 66.5 65.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 54.2 50.0 49.4 47.5 55.8 50.4 50.1 49.5 48.1 48.9
Paper and allied products........... 103.4 97.2 98.1 97.2 103.4 99.4 99.7 98.4 97.8 97.4
Printing and publishing............. 120.7 114.1 114.2 113.5 121.4 119.2 116.5 115.4 114.7 114.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 99.4 97.9 97.7 97.7 100.5 98.9 98.7 98.1 97.2 98.8
Petroleum and coal products......... 72.9 69.9 73.3 74.3 69.9 69.5 72.9 70.1 72.3 71.4
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 145.4 137.0 138.1 133.5 149.6 140.4 138.4 137.0 136.4 137.1
Leather and leather products........ 30.5 27.8 27.8 24.2 32.4 28.8 28.1 27.0 26.7 25.3
Service-producing....................... 171.6 168.4 171.2 172.7 167.1 169.1 168.5 168.9 169.0 168.6
Transportation and public utilities... 140.1 138.7 140.4 141.0 138.0 139.9 139.4 139.4 139.2 138.8
Wholesale trade....................... 134.2 131.2 132.0 132.9 132.2 132.0 131.4 131.0 130.8 131.1
Retail trade.......................... 151.5 146.1 149.3 151.2 146.0 146.0 146.7 146.5 146.0 146.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 142.1 139.0 141.6 144.4 137.9 140.0 140.2 140.2 140.9 140.3
Services.............................. 214.6 212.5 215.8 217.3 209.5 213.4 211.8 212.9 213.4 212.8
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 p44.9 p47.0
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 p43.1 p44.6
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 p48.0 p46.6
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 p51.8
2001.............. p50.0
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 p33.1 p39.7
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 p22.1 p26.1
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 p19.9 p21.0
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 p21.3
2001.............. p20.6
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: September 07, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jul2001.htm
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