Technical information: USDL 00-194
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, July 7, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 2000
Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in June, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Private-
sector payroll employment rose by 206,000, following a decline of 165,000
(as revised) in May. The June increase in private payrolls was largely
offset by a decline in federal government employment, as 190,000 temporary
workers hired for the decennial census completed their work. The
unemployment rate was 4.0 percent in June, about the same as in May.
Average hourly earnings increased by 5 cents over the month and by 3.6
percent over the year.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.6 million, and the
unemployment rate, 4.0 percent, were little changed in June. The jobless
rate has been in a 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999.
Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent),
adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (11.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent),
blacks (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment rose by 464,000 to 135.2 million, seasonally adjusted,
in June. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population
age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.5 percent, compared with 64.3 percent in
May. During the first 4 months of this year, the employment-population
ratio had ranged from 64.7 to 64.9 percent. In June, the civilian labor
force was about unchanged at 140.8 million, seasonally adjusted. (See
table A-1.)
Approximately 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more
than one job in June. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of
total employment, compared with 5.6 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in June. These people wanted and were
available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
discouraged workers was 308,000 in June, up from 220,000 a year earlier.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not
currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were
available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| May-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | June
|_________________|_________________ ________|change
| I | II | Apr. | May | June |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 141,230| 140,489| 140,762| 273
Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 135,706| 134,715| 135,179| 464
Unemployment........| 5,733| 5,627| 5,524| 5,774| 5,583| -191
Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 67,986| 68,882| 68,781| -101
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.1| 4.0| 3.9| 4.1| 4.0| -0.1
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.4| 3.2| -.2
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.5| 3.8| 3.8| .0
Teenagers...........| 13.4| 12.3| 12.7| 12.5| 11.6| -.9
White...............| 3.5| 3.4| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| -.1
Black...............| 7.8| 7.7| 7.2| 8.0| 7.9| -.1
Hispanic origin.....| 5.9| 5.6| 5.4| 5.8| 5.6| -.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,626|p131,537| 131,419|p131,590|p131,601| p11
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| p25,704| 25,725| p25,687| p25,700| p13
Construction......| 6,665| p6,679| 6,694| p6,670| p6,673| p3
Manufacturing.....| 18,481| p18,487| 18,492| p18,480| p18,488| p8
Service-producing 1/| 104,946|p105,833| 105,694|p105,903|p105,901| p-2
Retail trade......| 22,993| p23,136| 23,197| p23,081| p23,130| p49
Services..........| 39,949| p40,256| 40,195| p40,212| p40,360| p148
Government........| 20,431| p20,826| 20,667| p21,003| p20,808| p-195
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| p34.5| 34.6| p34.4| p34.5| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.7| 42.2| p41.4| p41.6| p.2
Overtime..........| 4.6| p4.7| 4.9| p4.5| p4.6| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 150.7| p151.2| 151.7| p150.8| p151.2| p0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.54| p$13.67| $13.64| p$13.66| p$13.71| p$0.05
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 467.47| p471.61| 471.94| p469.90| p473.00| p3.10
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 11,000 to 131.6 million in
June, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector employment rose by 206,000,
following a decline in May. So far this year, the number of private-sector
jobs has increased by an average of 177,000 per month, compared with
202,000 per month for all of 1999. Government employment declined by
195,000 in June; this included the departure of 190,000 temporary census
workers from federal government payrolls. (See table B-1.)
Employment in the services industry rose by 148,000 in June, after an
unusually small gain (17,000) in May. Business services added 54,000 jobs
in June, following a loss of 20,000 in May. In hotels and in amusements
and recreation, job growth was above average in June; there had been little
growth in either industry in May. Health services experienced an above-
average employment increase of 15,000, following 2 months of sluggish
growth. Employment in engineering and management services continued on a
strong growth trend.
Retail trade added 49,000 jobs over the month, with an increase of
35,000 in eating and drinking places. During the first 6 months of the
year, retail employment growth averaged 32,000 a month, about in line with
the monthly average for all of 1999. Employment in miscellaneous retail
establishments also rose over the month, while job losses continued in
department stores and in building materials and garden supplies stores.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 18,000 in
June, following a rare decline in May. Jobs added in communications and
air transportation accounted for nearly all of the June growth.
In wholesale trade, employment declined for the second consecutive
month. For the first 6 months of 2000, average monthly employment gains in
the industry were less than half of the average monthly increase in 1999.
Finance, insurance, and real estate continued to lose jobs in June.
After 4-1/2 years of steady growth, employment in these industries has
fallen by 20,000 thus far this year, including losses in commercial banks
(14,000), savings institutions (6,000), mortgage banks (25,000), and
insurance (18,000). In contrast, security brokerages added 30,000 jobs
over the first half of the year, including a gain of 7,000 in June. Real
estate employment declined by 10,000 in June, offsetting nearly all of the
increase during the first 5 months of the year.
Federal government employment fell by 197,000 in June, as 190,000
temporary census jobs ended. Small job declines continued elsewhere in the
federal government.
In the goods-producing sector, employment in manufacturing was little
changed in June. Since October 1999, net job gains in durable goods
manufacturing (38,000) have been largely offset by job losses in nondurable
goods (34,000). In June, durable goods added 14,000 jobs, while nondurable
employment fell by 6,000. Within durables, job gains continued in electronic
components and fabricated metals. Industrial machinery and autos also added
jobs in June, but the recent trend in these industries is less clear.
Employment declines resumed in aircraft manufacturing. Within nondurables,
job losses continued in apparel and in textiles. Employment rose in food
products and in printing and publishing; both industries appear to have
returned to a slow growth trend.
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Construction employment was essentially unchanged in June. Job growth
in the industry averaged 20,000 a month in the first half of 2000, compared
with 25,000 a month in all of 1999. Mining employment edged up in June.
Since August 1999, the oil and gas component of mining has added 19,000
jobs. These gains have been partly offset by declines in coal mining.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in June to 34.5 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.2 hour to
41.6 hours. Manufacturing overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 percent to 151.2
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by
0.4 percent to 106.3. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in June to $13.71, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to
$473.00. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly
earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for July 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, August 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
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period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 207,632 209,371 209,543 207,632 208,907 209,053 209,216 209,371 209,543
Civilian labor force............................ 140,666 140,395 142,132 139,332 141,165 140,867 141,230 140,489 140,762
Participation rate........................ 67.7 67.1 67.8 67.1 67.6 67.4 67.5 67.1 67.2
Employed...................................... 134,395 134,961 136,192 133,398 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
Employment-population ratio............... 64.7 64.5 65.0 64.2 64.8 64.7 64.9 64.3 64.5
Agriculture................................. 3,691 3,490 3,682 3,330 3,408 3,359 3,355 3,298 3,321
Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,704 131,471 132,510 130,068 131,954 131,801 132,351 131,417 131,858
Unemployed.................................... 6,271 5,435 5,940 5,934 5,804 5,708 5,524 5,774 5,583
Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0
Not in labor force.............................. 66,966 68,975 67,411 68,300 67,742 68,187 67,986 68,882 68,781
Persons who currently want a job.............. 5,204 4,989 4,641 4,770 4,374 4,594 4,352 4,412 4,254
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,668 100,566 100,654 99,668 100,330 100,405 100,487 100,566 100,654
Civilian labor force............................ 75,472 74,928 76,204 74,414 75,594 75,198 75,189 74,883 75,120
Participation rate........................ 75.7 74.5 75.7 74.7 75.3 74.9 74.8 74.5 74.6
Employed...................................... 72,312 72,199 73,213 71,330 72,473 72,313 72,307 71,948 72,217
Employment-population ratio............... 72.6 71.8 72.7 71.6 72.2 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.7
Unemployed.................................... 3,159 2,729 2,991 3,084 3,121 2,885 2,882 2,934 2,903
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,487 92,408 92,546 91,487 92,092 92,145 92,303 92,408 92,546
Civilian labor force............................ 70,486 70,691 71,119 70,116 71,120 70,822 70,761 70,603 70,714
Participation rate........................ 77.0 76.5 76.8 76.6 77.2 76.9 76.7 76.4 76.4
Employed...................................... 68,144 68,491 68,952 67,645 68,691 68,480 68,481 68,230 68,430
Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 74.1 74.5 73.9 74.6 74.3 74.2 73.8 73.9
Agriculture................................. 2,432 2,346 2,460 2,246 2,309 2,232 2,213 2,217 2,269
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,712 66,145 66,492 65,399 66,382 66,249 66,269 66,013 66,161
Unemployed.................................... 2,342 2,200 2,167 2,471 2,429 2,342 2,280 2,373 2,284
Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,964 108,805 108,889 107,964 108,577 108,649 108,729 108,805 108,889
Civilian labor force............................ 65,195 65,468 65,928 64,918 65,572 65,668 66,041 65,606 65,642
Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.2 60.5 60.1 60.4 60.4 60.7 60.3 60.3
Employed...................................... 62,083 62,762 62,980 62,068 62,889 62,846 63,399 62,767 62,962
Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 57.7 57.8 57.5 57.9 57.8 58.3 57.7 57.8
Unemployed.................................... 3,112 2,705 2,948 2,850 2,683 2,823 2,642 2,839 2,680
Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,131 100,929 101,007 100,131 100,666 100,713 100,809 100,929 101,007
Civilian labor force............................ 60,748 61,530 61,361 60,988 61,575 61,671 61,920 61,614 61,596
Participation rate........................ 60.7 61.0 60.7 60.9 61.2 61.2 61.4 61.0 61.0
Employed...................................... 58,351 59,322 58,983 58,647 59,398 59,422 59,757 59,248 59,278
Employment-population ratio............... 58.3 58.8 58.4 58.6 59.0 59.0 59.3 58.7 58.7
Agriculture................................. 907 881 889 851 871 894 899 864 834
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,445 58,442 58,093 57,796 58,526 58,528 58,858 58,383 58,444
Unemployed.................................... 2,397 2,208 2,379 2,341 2,178 2,249 2,163 2,367 2,318
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,014 16,034 15,991 16,014 16,149 16,196 16,104 16,034 15,991
Civilian labor force............................ 9,432 8,175 9,652 8,228 8,470 8,374 8,549 8,271 8,452
Participation rate........................ 58.9 51.0 60.4 51.4 52.4 51.7 53.1 51.6 52.9
Employed...................................... 7,900 7,147 8,258 7,106 7,273 7,257 7,467 7,237 7,471
Employment-population ratio............... 49.3 44.6 51.6 44.4 45.0 44.8 46.4 45.1 46.7
Agriculture................................. 353 263 333 233 228 233 243 217 218
Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,547 6,884 7,925 6,873 7,046 7,024 7,224 7,020 7,253
Unemployed.................................... 1,532 1,027 1,394 1,122 1,197 1,117 1,082 1,034 981
Unemployment rate......................... 16.2 12.6 14.4 13.6 14.1 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,999 174,197 174,316 172,999 173,886 173,983 174,092 174,197 174,316
Civilian labor force............................ 117,655 117,156 118,605 116,518 117,821 117,832 117,988 117,097 117,451
Participation rate.......................... 68.0 67.3 68.0 67.4 67.8 67.7 67.8 67.2 67.4
Employed...................................... 113,011 113,309 114,369 112,115 113,634 113,630 113,915 112,988 113,484
Employment-population ratio................. 65.3 65.0 65.6 64.8 65.3 65.3 65.4 64.9 65.1
Unemployed.................................... 4,644 3,847 4,236 4,403 4,187 4,202 4,073 4,108 3,967
Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,025 60,045 60,395 59,721 60,387 60,282 60,048 59,882 60,074
Participation rate.......................... 77.6 77.0 77.3 77.2 77.6 77.4 77.0 76.7 76.9
Employed...................................... 58,246 58,475 58,818 57,835 58,631 58,541 58,386 58,184 58,409
Employment-population ratio................. 75.3 74.9 75.3 74.7 75.3 75.1 74.9 74.6 74.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,779 1,571 1,577 1,886 1,756 1,742 1,662 1,698 1,666
Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,661 50,188 50,060 49,850 50,335 50,448 50,726 50,237 50,246
Participation rate.......................... 59.9 60.1 59.9 60.1 60.4 60.5 60.8 60.2 60.2
Employed...................................... 47,926 48,665 48,373 48,167 48,792 48,820 49,150 48,567 48,616
Employment-population ratio................. 57.8 58.3 57.9 58.1 58.6 58.6 58.9 58.2 58.2
Unemployed.................................... 1,735 1,523 1,687 1,683 1,544 1,628 1,576 1,670 1,630
Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 7,969 6,924 8,150 6,947 7,099 7,102 7,214 6,978 7,130
Participation rate.......................... 62.7 54.5 64.2 54.7 55.8 55.8 56.7 54.9 56.1
Employed...................................... 6,839 6,170 7,178 6,113 6,211 6,270 6,379 6,237 6,458
Employment-population ratio................. 53.8 48.6 56.5 48.1 48.8 49.3 50.2 49.1 50.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,129 753 972 834 888 832 835 740 672
Unemployment rate........................... 14.2 10.9 11.9 12.0 12.5 11.7 11.6 10.6 9.4
Men....................................... 13.8 10.6 13.1 12.0 14.4 11.3 13.0 10.7 11.2
Women..................................... 14.6 11.2 10.6 12.0 10.4 12.1 10.0 10.5 7.4
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,833 25,161 25,191 24,833 25,076 25,105 25,135 25,161 25,191
Civilian labor force............................ 16,462 16,549 16,725 16,308 16,785 16,572 16,636 16,596 16,577
Participation rate.......................... 66.3 65.8 66.4 65.7 66.9 66.0 66.2 66.0 65.8
Employed...................................... 15,156 15,268 15,367 15,069 15,471 15,356 15,444 15,261 15,275
Employment-population ratio................. 61.0 60.7 61.0 60.7 61.7 61.2 61.4 60.7 60.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,306 1,281 1,358 1,239 1,314 1,216 1,191 1,335 1,302
Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 7.7 8.1 7.6 7.8 7.3 7.2 8.0 7.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,188 7,288 7,299 7,153 7,441 7,300 7,351 7,261 7,263
Participation rate.......................... 72.5 72.3 72.3 72.1 74.2 72.6 73.0 72.0 72.0
Employed...................................... 6,766 6,783 6,835 6,698 6,910 6,830 6,864 6,736 6,761
Employment-population ratio................. 68.2 67.3 67.7 67.6 68.9 68.0 68.2 66.8 67.0
Unemployed.................................... 422 505 464 455 532 469 487 524 502
Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 6.9 6.4 6.4 7.1 6.4 6.6 7.2 6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,183 8,350 8,305 8,219 8,344 8,314 8,291 8,384 8,347
Participation rate.......................... 65.8 66.2 65.8 66.1 66.4 66.1 65.8 66.5 66.1
Employed...................................... 7,632 7,786 7,753 7,667 7,805 7,808 7,807 7,801 7,792
Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 61.7 61.4 61.6 62.1 62.1 62.0 61.9 61.7
Unemployed.................................... 550 564 551 552 539 506 484 583 554
Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.8 7.0 6.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,091 912 1,121 936 999 958 993 951 967
Participation rate.......................... 44.0 36.9 45.4 37.7 40.4 38.7 40.2 38.5 39.2
Employed...................................... 758 699 779 704 756 718 773 724 722
Employment-population ratio................. 30.5 28.3 31.6 28.4 30.6 29.0 31.3 29.3 29.2
Unemployed.................................... 334 213 342 232 243 240 220 227 245
Unemployment rate........................... 30.6 23.4 30.5 24.8 24.3 25.1 22.2 23.9 25.4
Men....................................... 34.7 24.7 36.6 28.8 22.3 21.3 22.0 27.7 32.0
Women..................................... 26.7 22.1 23.8 21.2 26.6 28.9 22.4 20.2 18.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,618 22,292 22,355 21,618 22,108 22,166 22,231 22,292 22,355
Civilian labor force............................ 14,710 15,275 15,422 14,624 15,249 15,313 15,355 15,322 15,325
Participation rate.......................... 68.0 68.5 69.0 67.6 69.0 69.1 69.1 68.7 68.6
Employed...................................... 13,750 14,475 14,562 13,655 14,382 14,355 14,524 14,432 14,461
Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 64.9 65.1 63.2 65.1 64.8 65.3 64.7 64.7
Unemployed.................................... 960 800 860 969 868 958 831 890 864
Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 5.2 5.6 6.6 5.7 6.3 5.4 5.8 5.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,515 28,096 28,227 28,515 27,376 27,523 28,069 28,096 28,227
Civilian labor force.................... 12,261 11,966 12,193 12,081 11,971 11,726 11,945 11,815 12,004
Percent of population............... 43.0 42.6 43.2 42.4 43.7 42.6 42.6 42.1 42.5
Employed.............................. 11,496 11,225 11,475 11,265 11,257 10,918 11,218 10,984 11,239
Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 40.0 40.7 39.5 41.1 39.7 40.0 39.1 39.8
Unemployed............................ 765 740 718 816 714 808 727 832 765
Unemployment rate................... 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.8 6.0 6.9 6.1 7.0 6.4
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,963 57,746 57,581 57,963 57,471 58,033 58,015 57,746 57,581
Civilian labor force.................... 37,384 37,406 36,924 37,382 37,603 37,671 37,666 37,224 36,910
Percent of population............... 64.5 64.8 64.1 64.5 65.4 64.9 64.9 64.5 64.1
Employed.............................. 36,033 36,218 35,731 35,962 36,294 36,401 36,401 35,895 35,659
Employment-population ratio......... 62.2 62.7 62.1 62.0 63.2 62.7 62.7 62.2 61.9
Unemployed............................ 1,351 1,188 1,193 1,420 1,309 1,270 1,265 1,329 1,251
Unemployment rate................... 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 42,780 44,153 44,250 42,780 44,486 44,225 43,896 44,153 44,250
Civilian labor force.................... 31,669 32,760 32,796 31,955 32,544 32,967 32,684 33,065 33,094
Percent of population............... 74.0 74.2 74.1 74.7 73.2 74.5 74.5 74.9 74.8
Employed.............................. 30,913 31,970 31,907 31,140 31,595 32,090 31,843 32,228 32,132
Employment-population ratio......... 72.3 72.4 72.1 72.8 71.0 72.6 72.5 73.0 72.6
Unemployed............................ 756 790 889 815 949 878 841 838 962
Unemployment rate................... 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.9
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,464 45,029 45,092 44,464 45,247 44,838 44,864 45,029 45,092
Civilian labor force.................... 35,527 36,005 35,750 35,757 36,265 36,060 36,099 36,011 35,988
Percent of population............... 79.9 80.0 79.3 80.4 80.1 80.4 80.5 80.0 79.8
Employed.............................. 34,777 35,469 35,154 35,059 35,678 35,481 35,545 35,433 35,437
Employment-population ratio......... 78.2 78.8 78.0 78.8 78.9 79.1 79.2 78.7 78.6
Unemployed............................ 750 536 596 698 587 579 553 577 551
Unemployment rate................... 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,395 134,961 136,192 133,398 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,205 43,043 43,270 43,279 43,535 43,297 43,272 43,216 43,357
Married women, spouse present................... 33,396 33,820 33,452 33,758 33,882 33,780 33,877 33,786 33,824
Women who maintain families..................... 8,023 8,343 8,272 8,028 8,220 8,082 8,307 8,301 8,280
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,602 40,833 40,956 40,802 40,806 40,595 40,665 40,858 41,148
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,767 39,458 39,270 38,777 39,703 39,510 39,680 39,537 39,270
Service occupations............................. 18,290 18,199 18,379 18,007 18,344 18,711 18,885 18,181 18,090
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,422 14,941 15,141 14,175 14,681 14,520 14,501 14,867 14,888
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,383 17,885 18,633 18,177 18,279 18,334 18,453 18,020 18,430
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,931 3,645 3,812 3,477 3,630 3,562 3,477 3,410 3,368
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,207 2,142 2,358 1,923 2,025 2,043 2,054 2,006 2,059
Self-employed workers......................... 1,443 1,310 1,271 1,341 1,344 1,292 1,272 1,252 1,175
Unpaid family workers......................... 41 37 54 39 51 42 43 38 50
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,653 122,644 123,655 121,006 123,166 123,169 123,623 122,860 123,002
Government.................................. 18,862 19,130 18,645 19,007 19,394 19,598 19,280 19,169 18,777
Private industries.......................... 102,791 103,514 105,010 101,999 103,772 103,571 104,343 103,691 104,225
Private households........................ 1,006 938 981 983 1,016 998 1,019 953 957
Other industries.......................... 101,786 102,576 104,029 101,016 102,756 102,573 103,324 102,738 103,268
Self-employed workers......................... 8,955 8,740 8,778 8,840 8,793 8,704 8,750 8,714 8,665
Unpaid family workers......................... 96 87 78 88 74 107 103 82 71
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,641 3,140 3,369 3,377 3,139 3,124 3,124 3,248 3,117
Slack work or business conditions........... 2,082 1,846 1,853 2,048 1,807 1,820 1,844 1,962 1,811
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,158 986 1,128 1,045 1,023 953 1,016 978 1,022
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 17,266 18,851 16,880 18,716 19,031 18,770 18,474 18,409 18,308
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,462 3,003 3,207 3,209 2,985 3,003 3,021 3,096 2,967
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,940 1,743 1,757 1,902 1,705 1,766 1,782 1,840 1,713
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,141 965 1,095 1,031 1,005 922 989 962 994
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,629 18,281 16,288 18,106 18,406 18,184 17,943 17,853 17,743
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,934 5,774 5,583 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,471 2,373 2,284 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,341 2,367 2,318 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,122 1,034 981 13.6 14.1 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6
Married men, spouse present.................... 992 825 829 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9
Married women, spouse present.................. 923 1,014 911 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6
Women who maintain families.................... 561 576 537 6.5 6.1 6.8 6.3 6.5 6.1
Full-time workers.............................. 4,641 4,592 4,420 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8
Part-time workers.............................. 1,284 1,258 1,162 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.6 5.3 4.8
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 828 738 681 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,442 1,528 1,487 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 694 519 541 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,185 1,213 1,204 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 266 198 178 7.1 5.7 5.1 7.0 5.5 5.0
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,668 4,534 4,365 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0
Goods-producing industries................... 1,313 1,203 1,177 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1
Mining..................................... 27 23 18 4.8 4.0 2.5 2.8 4.2 3.5
Construction............................... 530 431 470 7.3 7.5 6.9 5.2 5.8 5.9
Manufacturing.............................. 756 749 688 3.7 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.4
Durable goods............................ 439 455 442 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.5
Nondurable goods......................... 317 293 247 4.0 3.8 5.2 4.1 3.7 3.1
Service-producing industries................. 3,355 3,331 3,188 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.0
Transportation and public utilities........ 225 250 214 2.9 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.7
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,434 1,403 1,421 5.3 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 193 201 189 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3
Services................................... 1,503 1,477 1,363 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8
Government workers............................. 444 393 486 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.5
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 198 166 162 9.3 6.5 5.6 8.4 7.6 7.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 3,136 2,516 3,194 2,540 2,603 2,824 2,455 2,531 2,595
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,552 1,563 1,541 1,775 1,864 1,719 1,868 1,953 1,759
15 weeks and over................................ 1,583 1,356 1,204 1,634 1,277 1,295 1,250 1,337 1,242
15 to 26 weeks................................ 802 731 593 806 673 657 670 677 593
27 weeks and over............................. 782 625 611 828 604 637 580 660 649
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 12.8 11.3 14.3 12.5 12.8 12.4 12.6 12.4
Median duration, in weeks........................ 4.5 5.7 4.2 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 50.0 46.3 53.8 42.7 45.3 48.4 44.1 43.5 46.4
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 24.7 28.8 25.9 29.8 32.5 29.4 33.5 33.5 31.4
15 weeks and over.............................. 25.2 25.0 20.3 27.5 22.2 22.2 22.4 23.0 22.2
15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.8 13.5 10.0 13.5 11.7 11.3 12.0 11.6 10.6
27 weeks and over............................ 12.5 11.5 10.3 13.9 10.5 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,495 2,182 2,291 2,670 2,616 2,541 2,306 2,483 2,450
On temporary layoff............................. 746 646 817 876 838 781 703 894 959
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,750 1,536 1,474 1,794 1,778 1,759 1,602 1,589 1,491
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,253 1,060 1,059 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 497 476 415 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 820 694 667 831 759 824 833 774 671
Reentrants........................................ 2,293 2,108 2,336 2,038 1,975 1,979 1,961 2,093 2,076
New entrants...................................... 663 451 646 359 387 434 408 500 343
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 39.8 40.2 38.6 45.3 45.6 44.0 41.9 42.4 44.2
On temporary layoff............................ 11.9 11.9 13.8 14.9 14.6 13.5 12.8 15.3 17.3
Not on temporary layoff........................ 27.9 28.3 24.8 30.4 31.0 30.5 29.1 27.2 26.9
Job leavers...................................... 13.1 12.8 11.2 14.1 13.2 14.3 15.1 13.2 12.1
Reentrants....................................... 36.6 38.8 39.3 34.6 34.4 34.3 35.6 35.8 37.5
New entrants..................................... 10.6 8.3 10.9 6.1 6.7 7.5 7.4 8.5 6.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7
Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5
Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5
New entrants..................................... .5 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .2
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.0 .8 1.2 .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 4.1 4.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.3 4.6 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.9 6.8 7.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,934 5,774 5,583 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,172 2,198 2,048 9.8 10.0 9.7 9.3 9.8 9.0
16 to 19 years................................ 1,122 1,034 981 13.6 14.1 13.3 12.7 12.5 11.6
16 to 17 years.............................. 534 521 439 16.3 15.9 15.3 14.6 16.0 13.1
18 to 19 years.............................. 587 525 543 11.8 12.8 12.1 11.4 10.4 10.6
20 to 24 years................................ 1,050 1,164 1,067 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.2 8.2 7.5
25 years and over............................... 3,753 3,556 3,515 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 3,231 3,132 3,118 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
55 years and over............................. 534 440 418 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,084 2,934 2,903 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9
16 to 24 years................................ 1,212 1,179 1,128 10.5 10.3 9.2 9.6 10.0 9.5
16 to 19 years.............................. 613 562 619 14.3 15.5 12.4 13.6 13.1 14.1
16 to 17 years............................ 291 286 274 16.8 17.3 15.1 15.8 16.9 15.6
18 to 19 years............................ 330 283 354 12.7 13.9 10.5 12.4 10.8 13.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 599 617 509 8.3 7.3 7.4 7.3 8.3 6.8
25 years and over............................. 1,865 1,744 1,772 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,597 1,506 1,549 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9
55 years and over........................... 270 256 220 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.2
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,850 2,839 2,680 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1
16 to 24 years................................ 960 1,019 919 9.1 9.6 10.2 8.9 9.5 8.5
16 to 19 years.............................. 509 472 362 13.0 12.6 14.4 11.6 11.8 8.9
16 to 17 years............................ 243 235 165 15.7 14.3 15.4 13.3 15.0 10.4
18 to 19 years............................ 257 241 190 10.9 11.6 13.7 10.4 9.9 7.8
20 to 24 years.............................. 451 546 558 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.2 8.2 8.2
25 years and over............................. 1,888 1,811 1,742 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,634 1,625 1,568 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4
55 years and over........................... 264 184 198 3.3 3.3 2.7 2.0 2.3 2.4
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
June June June June June June
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 66,966 67,411 24,197 24,450 42,769 42,961
Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,204 4,641 2,262 1,922 2,942 2,720
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,228 1,141 594 602 634 539
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 220 308 133 201 87 108
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,008 833 461 401 547 432
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,492 7,296 4,071 3,869 3,421 3,426
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,992 4,080 2,361 2,433 1,631 1,647
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,463 1,568 484 504 979 1,064
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 248 338 170 202 78 136
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,728 1,269 1,019 713 709 555
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 129,767 131,258 132,260 132,860 128,630 130,482 131,009 131,419 131,590 131,601
Total private.................... 109,573 110,211 110,852 111,949 108,507 110,088 110,462 110,752 110,587 110,793
Goods-producing......................... 25,774 25,491 25,729 26,057 25,432 25,624 25,738 25,725 25,687 25,700
Mining................................ 534 532 537 545 529 533 536 539 537 539
Metal mining........................ 45.8 44.0 44.4 45.4 45 45 45 45 44 45
Coal mining......................... 85.5 79.8 79.4 79.8 85 81 80 80 79 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 286.4 297.5 300.1 305.4 287 296 300 303 304 305
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 116.3 110.4 112.8 114.1 112 111 111 111 110 110
Construction.......................... 6,632 6,532 6,738 6,929 6,388 6,618 6,726 6,694 6,670 6,673
General building contractors........ 1,493.3 1,461.8 1,493.1 1,542.2 1,447 1,491 1,508 1,497 1,496 1,494
Heavy construction, except building. 926.1 872.4 926.3 948.7 866 885 905 899 891 884
Special trade contractors........... 4,212.5 4,198.0 4,318.3 4,438.1 4,075 4,242 4,313 4,298 4,283 4,295
Manufacturing......................... 18,608 18,427 18,454 18,583 18,515 18,473 18,476 18,492 18,480 18,488
Production workers................ 12,779 12,646 12,667 12,753 12,711 12,697 12,683 12,689 12,683 12,681
Durable goods........................ 11,148 11,091 11,110 11,188 11,083 11,088 11,094 11,104 11,107 11,121
Production workers................ 7,627 7,585 7,600 7,643 7,572 7,592 7,580 7,584 7,586 7,590
Lumber and wood products............ 835.7 819.6 824.6 834.2 827 832 830 830 828 826
Furniture and fixtures.............. 548.7 556.6 558.3 559.4 547 553 555 557 558 558
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 572.8 565.9 572.0 580.9 562 567 568 567 567 570
Primary metal industries............ 700.8 698.7 698.5 703.3 698 699 701 699 699 700
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 227.2 226.6 226.5 228.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,521.5 1,531.9 1,534.9 1,545.6 1,515 1,525 1,528 1,534 1,536 1,539
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,151.0 2,128.5 2,128.3 2,140.9 2,139 2,131 2,124 2,126 2,125 2,129
Computer and office equipment..... 374.7 361.1 360.0 363.3 373 368 366 364 360 360
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,672.4 1,687.9 1,690.1 1,707.8 1,667 1,684 1,682 1,691 1,693 1,699
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 637.7 650.2 653.6 666.0 634 645 646 651 654 661
Transportation equipment............ 1,889.7 1,862.5 1,863.9 1,870.6 1,878 1,855 1,865 1,859 1,861 1,860
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,026.2 1,026.9 1,027.8 1,036.2 1,018 1,029 1,028 1,026 1,024 1,028
Aircraft and parts................ 495.1 460.6 461.0 459.0 496 453 467 461 463 459
Instruments and related products.... 858.9 843.1 844.1 849.7 856 844 844 844 845 847
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.7 396.3 395.3 395.8 394 398 397 397 395 393
Nondurable goods..................... 7,460 7,336 7,344 7,395 7,432 7,385 7,382 7,388 7,373 7,367
Production workers................ 5,152 5,061 5,067 5,110 5,139 5,105 5,103 5,105 5,097 5,091
Food and kindred products........... 1,669.4 1,637.8 1,648.7 1,677.3 1,674 1,672 1,671 1,678 1,676 1,681
Tobacco products.................... 35.6 34.7 34.2 34.3 39 37 35 37 37 38
Textile mill products............... 562.9 547.5 545.6 546.9 560 549 549 548 545 543
Apparel and other textile products.. 700.3 664.2 662.3 657.7 693 665 665 665 660 651
Paper and allied products........... 672.4 659.0 659.8 664.6 668 663 662 662 661 660
Printing and publishing............. 1,554.0 1,550.7 1,549.9 1,562.2 1,551 1,550 1,551 1,554 1,552 1,558
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,039.3 1,028.1 1,028.0 1,030.6 1,033 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,027 1,025
Petroleum and coal products......... 135.9 130.7 132.7 133.6 133 132 132 132 132 131
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,010.9 1,008.7 1,007.8 1,012.1 1,003 1,010 1,010 1,007 1,008 1,006
Leather and leather products........ 79.3 75.0 75.3 75.3 78 76 76 75 75 74
Service-producing1...................... 103,993 105,767 106,531 106,803 103,198 104,858 105,271 105,694 105,903 105,901
Transportation and public utilities... 6,851 6,936 6,972 7,019 6,817 6,937 6,953 6,970 6,961 6,979
Transportation...................... 4,430 4,482 4,507 4,536 4,408 4,479 4,492 4,509 4,498 4,507
Railroad transportation........... 233.5 220.9 220.2 220.4 232 225 222 221 219 217
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 484.4 513.0 516.1 496.1 485 494 494 498 498 496
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,819.8 1,812.7 1,825.5 1,852.5 1,803 1,828 1,833 1,839 1,832 1,834
Water transportation.............. 193.4 197.3 202.0 207.7 187 196 197 200 200 201
Transportation by air............. 1,220.3 1,257.4 1,261.6 1,274.0 1,224 1,259 1,268 1,270 1,269 1,276
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.0 12.4 12.4 12.6 13 12 12 12 12 12
Transportation services........... 465.2 467.8 468.9 472.2 464 465 466 469 468 471
Communications and public utilities. 2,421 2,454 2,465 2,483 2,409 2,458 2,461 2,461 2,463 2,472
Communications.................... 1,549.0 1,600.6 1,608.7 1,619.3 1,544 1,598 1,602 1,604 1,607 1,615
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 872.1 853.6 855.9 863.6 865 860 859 857 856 857
Wholesale trade....................... 6,941 7,034 7,053 7,076 6,905 7,011 7,033 7,055 7,047 7,031
Durable goods....................... 4,120 4,189 4,198 4,212 4,102 4,177 4,185 4,201 4,200 4,188
Nondurable goods.................... 2,821 2,845 2,855 2,864 2,803 2,834 2,848 2,854 2,847 2,843
Retail trade.......................... 23,032 22,940 23,124 23,367 22,810 22,978 23,027 23,197 23,081 23,130
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,034.6 1,047.4 1,067.0 1,066.1 985 1,020 1,034 1,032 1,022 1,013
General merchandise stores.......... 2,715.1 2,698.0 2,682.1 2,695.1 2,777 2,762 2,756 2,791 2,762 2,757
Department stores................. 2,385.8 2,359.9 2,341.0 2,349.8 2,439 2,417 2,409 2,443 2,406 2,401
Food stores......................... 3,508.9 3,480.1 3,496.9 3,529.2 3,494 3,503 3,502 3,522 3,515 3,515
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,387.0 2,403.5 2,414.7 2,436.0 2,365 2,394 2,407 2,410 2,408 2,413
New and used car dealers.......... 1,081.9 1,104.6 1,107.1 1,114.6 1,078 1,100 1,105 1,106 1,107 1,110
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,161.9 1,162.9 1,165.4 1,185.5 1,172 1,184 1,188 1,195 1,194 1,198
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,076.0 1,101.4 1,102.4 1,109.0 1,085 1,102 1,111 1,113 1,114 1,120
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,224.0 8,077.3 8,193.3 8,340.5 7,965 7,992 8,000 8,097 8,031 8,066
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,924.0 2,969.3 3,002.1 3,005.8 2,967 3,021 3,029 3,037 3,035 3,048
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,642 7,579 7,597 7,669 7,573 7,624 7,621 7,610 7,599 7,593
Finance............................. 3,711 3,699 3,696 3,726 3,693 3,717 3,713 3,709 3,702 3,707
Depository institutions........... 2,071.4 2,045.1 2,039.5 2,056.0 2,060 2,057 2,054 2,052 2,044 2,045
Commercial banks................ 1,484.0 1,457.9 1,453.2 1,464.2 1,476 1,469 1,466 1,464 1,457 1,457
Savings institutions............ 253.2 242.7 242.1 243.4 251 245 243 243 243 242
Nondepository institutions........ 720.8 686.1 684.0 682.2 718 699 692 686 683 679
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 368.0 325.0 323.2 319.7 365 338 330 323 321 318
Security and commodity brokers.... 687.4 727.5 733.0 747.0 684 723 728 732 736 743
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 231.2 240.6 239.8 240.9 231 238 239 239 239 240
Insurance........................... 2,381 2,359 2,360 2,370 2,373 2,373 2,373 2,365 2,361 2,360
Insurance carriers................ 1,618.9 1,592.2 1,592.5 1,598.6 1,613 1,606 1,605 1,597 1,594 1,593
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 762.3 766.8 767.1 771.0 760 767 768 768 767 767
Real estate......................... 1,550 1,521 1,541 1,573 1,507 1,534 1,535 1,536 1,536 1,526
Services3............................. 39,333 40,231 40,377 40,761 38,970 39,914 40,090 40,195 40,212 40,360
Agricultural services............... 845.8 810.7 858.1 887.0 761 796 812 801 798 798
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,945.7 1,851.9 1,917.3 2,031.4 1,845 1,868 1,885 1,902 1,905 1,920
Personal services................... 1,198.2 1,337.7 1,244.0 1,240.8 1,228 1,265 1,265 1,272 1,261 1,270
Business services................... 9,280.3 9,638.3 9,683.9 9,810.0 9,242 9,615 9,681 9,735 9,715 9,769
Services to buildings............. 991.9 998.8 1,003.1 1,015.0 982 1,000 1,004 1,001 998 1,002
Personnel supply services......... 3,596.9 3,787.1 3,820.8 3,900.0 3,585 3,773 3,817 3,885 3,855 3,878
Help supply services............ 3,226.9 3,381.7 3,412.4 3,484.5 3,216 3,382 3,418 3,485 3,440 3,450
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,833.5 1,923.6 1,927.8 1,942.6 1,831 1,906 1,915 1,927 1,930 1,938
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,192.7 1,194.0 1,193.3 1,201.2 1,185 1,195 1,192 1,195 1,192 1,191
Miscellaneous repair services....... 378.9 382.2 383.8 386.8 375 384 384 383 382 384
Motion pictures..................... 622.1 627.6 633.3 645.9 614 623 630 634 633 643
Amusement and recreation services... 1,899.3 1,722.3 1,845.9 2,034.2 1,649 1,723 1,729 1,752 1,754 1,773
Health services..................... 10007.2 10080.2 10091.5 10148.7 9,983 10,078 10,091 10,093 10,101 10,116
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,880.3 1,919.6 1,925.8 1,936.0 1,875 1,914 1,920 1,925 1,929 1,930
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,787.2 1,783.6 1,783.2 1,791.6 1,785 1,790 1,791 1,789 1,787 1,786
Hospitals......................... 3,989.7 3,994.4 3,997.1 4,017.0 3,983 4,002 4,004 3,999 4,004 4,009
Home health care services......... 636.4 640.2 641.2 643.2 635 639 639 641 639 640
Legal services...................... 1,011.8 997.9 999.7 1,028.3 997 1,007 1,007 1,004 1,005 1,009
Educational services................ 2,076.0 2,475.8 2,388.7 2,142.8 2,278 2,309 2,329 2,329 2,353 2,351
Social services..................... 2,791.6 2,955.9 2,972.1 2,937.2 2,799 2,912 2,929 2,940 2,944 2,938
Child day care services........... 679.3 772.8 782.5 741.6 693 740 749 753 757 757
Residential care.................. 776.8 810.6 814.3 825.3 772 807 810 812 815 819
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 104.8 99.9 104.0 109.3 98 100 101 102 100 102
Membership organizations............ 2,465.3 2,427.6 2,436.3 2,479.5 2,427 2,439 2,440 2,439 2,438 2,441
Engineering and management services. 3,269.0 3,383.8 3,379.8 3,432.7 3,246 3,354 3,369 3,368 3,385 3,410
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 964.6 981.5 991.6 1,020.0 951 984 985 987 994 1,007
Management and public relations... 1,040.0 1,086.6 1,096.1 1,111.9 1,032 1,077 1,085 1,088 1,094 1,105
Services, nec....................... 51.9 53.4 53.7 53.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 20,194 21,047 21,408 20,911 20,123 20,394 20,547 20,667 21,003 20,808
Federal1............................ 2,682 2,881 3,240 3,067 2,662 2,700 2,816 2,885 3,235 3,038
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,815.1 2,023.2 2,382.5 2,207.5 1,788 1,835 1,951 2,022 2,371 2,175
State............................... 4,529 4,874 4,793 4,577 4,673 4,728 4,733 4,744 4,737 4,726
Education......................... 1,769.7 2,132.7 2,040.1 1,789.8 1,950 1,981 1,982 1,990 1,984 1,972
Other State government............ 2,759.0 2,741.3 2,753.1 2,787.4 2,723 2,747 2,751 2,754 2,753 2,754
Local............................... 12,983 13,292 13,375 13,267 12,788 12,966 12,998 13,038 13,031 13,044
Education......................... 7,282.8 7,754.6 7,766.0 7,432.9 7,257 7,355 7,373 7,408 7,393 7,411
Other local government............ 5,699.8 5,537.5 5,609.1 5,834.0 5,531 5,611 5,625 5,630 5,638 5,633
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, and 428,000 in January, February, March,
April, May, and June 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal
revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.6 34.6 34.3 34.6 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.5
Goods-producing......................... 41.3 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.1 41.3 41.2 41.5 40.9 40.8
Mining................................ 44.2 44.9 44.5 45.0 43.9 44.7 44.7 45.3 44.2 44.6
Construction.......................... 39.8 39.2 39.6 39.6 39.3 39.7 39.8 39.6 39.2 38.7
Manufacturing......................... 41.8 41.7 41.4 41.6 41.8 41.8 41.7 42.2 41.4 41.6
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6
Durable goods........................ 42.4 42.4 42.1 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.8 42.0 42.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.8
Lumber and wood products............ 41.6 41.1 40.9 41.1 41.2 41.0 40.9 41.2 40.7 40.8
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.3 39.9 39.8 39.9 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.6 40.3 39.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.0 43.2 43.5 43.4 43.5 43.5 43.4 43.6 43.0 42.8
Primary metal industries............ 44.5 44.5 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.5 44.4 44.9 43.9 44.0
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 45.2 45.2 44.9 45.2 44.9 45.4 45.2 45.0 44.7 45.2
Fabricated metal products........... 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.4 42.2 42.4 42.5 43.0 42.2 42.3
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.1 42.5 42.2 42.4 42.1 42.3 42.3 42.9 42.1 42.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.5 41.6 41.2 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.8 42.2 41.4 41.5
Transportation equipment............ 44.0 44.1 43.5 43.9 44.1 44.0 43.7 44.3 43.2 43.9
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.3 45.5 44.8 45.3 45.3 45.0 44.6 45.5 44.2 45.3
Instruments and related products.... 41.5 41.3 41.0 41.1 41.5 41.2 41.2 41.6 41.2 41.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.9 39.4 39.2 39.6 39.9 39.5 39.4 39.8 39.3 39.5
Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.8 40.5 40.7 41.0 41.0 40.9 41.3 40.6 40.6
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.3
Food and kindred products........... 41.7 41.0 41.0 41.4 41.8 41.6 41.6 41.9 41.2 41.5
Tobacco products.................... 40.1 39.7 39.8 39.7 39.3 40.6 40.0 40.8 39.6 39.0
Textile mill products............... 41.1 41.7 41.0 41.3 40.7 41.7 41.6 41.9 41.0 41.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 38.1 37.7 37.1 37.5 37.6 37.7 37.8 38.0 37.0 37.1
Paper and allied products........... 43.5 43.1 42.6 42.6 43.6 43.5 43.2 43.6 42.8 42.6
Printing and publishing............. 37.9 38.2 37.7 37.7 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.5 38.0 38.1
Chemicals and allied products....... 43.0 42.6 42.5 42.6 43.0 42.7 42.6 42.9 42.7 42.6
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.0 44.4 43.1 43.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 42.0 41.7 41.4 41.5 41.8 41.6 41.5 42.1 41.3 41.3
Leather and leather products........ 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.3 37.9 38.1 38.0 38.9 38.2 37.7
Service-producing....................... 32.9 33.0 32.7 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9
Transportation and public utilities... 39.0 38.8 38.3 38.4 38.9 38.3 38.3 38.7 38.5 38.3
Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.3 38.5 38.6 38.6 39.0 38.8
Retail trade.......................... 29.4 28.9 28.9 29.3 29.1 29.1 29.0 28.8 28.9 29.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.7 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.2 36.5
Services.............................. 32.6 32.8 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
June Apr. May June June Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.15 $13.69 $13.64 $13.62 $454.99 $473.67 $467.85 $471.25
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.23 13.64 13.66 13.71 456.44 471.94 469.90 473.00
Goods-producing......................... 14.85 15.25 15.29 15.35 613.31 626.78 626.89 630.89
Mining................................ 16.98 17.29 17.18 17.12 750.52 776.32 764.51 770.40
Construction.......................... 17.13 17.66 17.71 17.75 681.77 692.27 701.32 702.90
Manufacturing......................... 13.90 14.28 14.26 14.32 581.02 595.48 590.36 595.71
Durable goods........................ 14.40 14.82 14.80 14.87 610.56 628.37 623.08 629.00
Lumber and wood products............ 11.46 11.73 11.74 11.83 476.74 482.10 480.17 486.21
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.16 11.64 11.69 11.70 449.75 464.44 465.26 466.83
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.91 14.23 14.26 14.32 612.04 614.74 620.31 621.49
Primary metal industries............ 15.90 16.51 16.39 16.54 707.55 734.70 722.80 731.07
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.99 19.72 19.44 19.61 858.35 891.34 872.86 886.37
Fabricated metal products........... 13.49 13.75 13.75 13.82 571.98 583.00 580.25 585.97
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.99 15.42 15.44 15.46 631.08 655.35 651.57 655.50
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.42 13.70 13.66 13.68 556.93 569.92 562.79 569.09
Transportation equipment............ 18.14 18.82 18.79 18.96 798.16 829.96 817.37 832.34
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.61 19.36 19.34 19.53 843.03 880.88 866.43 884.71
Instruments and related products.... 14.13 14.40 14.44 14.43 586.40 594.72 592.04 593.07
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.26 11.58 11.58 11.59 449.27 456.25 453.94 458.96
Nondurable goods..................... 13.14 13.45 13.43 13.48 538.74 548.76 543.92 548.64
Food and kindred products........... 12.15 12.36 12.36 12.40 506.66 506.76 506.76 513.36
Tobacco products.................... 20.69 19.71 20.19 20.81 829.67 782.49 803.56 826.16
Textile mill products............... 10.76 10.94 10.90 10.92 442.24 456.20 446.90 451.00
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.89 9.05 9.07 9.10 338.71 341.19 336.50 341.25
Paper and allied products........... 15.95 16.15 16.14 16.25 693.83 696.07 687.56 692.25
Printing and publishing............. 13.74 14.20 14.16 14.16 520.75 542.44 533.83 533.83
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.26 17.77 17.76 17.76 742.18 757.00 754.80 756.58
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.06 21.77 21.27 21.12 905.58 966.59 916.74 927.17
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.30 12.67 12.66 12.76 516.60 528.34 524.12 529.54
Leather and leather products........ 9.65 10.13 10.06 10.11 371.53 388.99 385.30 387.21
Service-producing....................... 12.60 13.20 13.12 13.07 414.54 435.60 429.02 430.00
Transportation and public utilities... 15.59 16.15 16.11 16.18 608.01 626.62 617.01 621.31
Wholesale trade....................... 14.45 15.14 15.01 14.99 553.44 588.95 582.39 580.11
Retail trade.......................... 9.02 9.42 9.39 9.38 265.19 272.24 271.37 274.83
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.51 15.12 15.03 14.94 522.36 554.90 539.58 540.83
Services.............................. 13.21 13.83 13.76 13.70 430.65 453.62 445.82 447.99
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
May 2000-
June 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.23 $13.54 $13.58 $13.64 $13.66 $13.71 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.88 7.87 7.84 7.87 7.88 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.85 15.20 15.25 15.30 15.28 15.33 .3
Mining...................... 17.07 17.14 17.27 17.26 17.24 17.27 .2
Construction................ 17.18 17.60 17.67 17.78 17.75 17.78 .2
Manufacturing............... 13.93 14.21 14.23 14.28 14.26 14.34 .6
Excluding overtime4....... 13.19 13.45 13.47 13.49 13.52 13.59 .5
Service-producing............. 12.71 13.01 13.05 13.11 13.15 13.20 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.67 16.00 16.04 16.12 16.20 16.29 .6
Wholesale trade............. 14.56 14.89 14.90 15.03 15.04 15.11 .5
Retail trade................ 9.07 9.32 9.35 9.39 9.39 9.43 .4
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.62 14.87 14.95 14.98 15.02 15.06 .3
Services.................... 13.35 13.66 13.69 13.74 13.79 13.84 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .1 percent from April 2000 to May 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 150.3 151.0 150.8 153.6 148.2 150.6 151.0 151.7 150.8 151.2
Goods-producing......................... 118.2 116.0 117.0 119.1 115.8 117.5 117.7 118.3 116.3 116.2
Mining................................ 50.3 50.9 50.8 52.5 49.6 51.0 51.3 52.2 50.7 51.5
Construction.......................... 186.8 179.7 188.3 194.2 176.2 186.0 188.4 186.3 183.8 181.4
Manufacturing......................... 107.8 106.4 105.8 107.1 107.1 107.0 106.7 107.9 105.9 106.3
Durable goods........................ 112.8 112.1 111.5 112.8 111.8 112.1 111.8 113.1 111.2 111.7
Lumber and wood products............ 151.0 145.7 146.1 148.8 147.7 147.6 147.1 147.9 145.9 145.6
Furniture and fixtures.............. 138.6 138.9 139.0 139.7 138.4 139.4 139.3 141.4 140.9 139.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 119.6 114.9 117.3 118.7 115.7 115.7 116.2 116.2 114.9 114.4
Primary metal industries............ 92.1 92.5 91.4 92.3 91.3 92.3 92.4 93.3 91.2 91.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.4 71.7 71.3 72.3 70.5 72.1 71.8 71.5 71.0 71.4
Fabricated metal products........... 120.2 121.4 121.0 122.8 119.1 120.7 121.2 123.0 121.0 121.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.4 105.5 105.0 105.5 104.7 105.4 104.6 106.2 104.3 105.0
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 107.1 107.8 107.0 108.7 106.9 107.5 107.8 109.6 107.6 108.1
Transportation equipment............ 128.0 126.8 125.1 126.6 127.0 127.0 125.7 126.7 123.6 125.5
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 171.4 172.3 169.9 172.7 169.7 170.9 168.6 171.7 166.4 171.2
Instruments and related products.... 77.0 74.3 73.5 74.1 76.7 74.3 74.0 74.7 73.8 74.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 103.2 101.6 100.4 101.2 102.5 102.2 101.6 103.0 100.6 100.4
Nondurable goods..................... 100.9 98.6 98.0 99.3 100.6 100.0 99.7 100.7 98.8 98.9
Food and kindred products........... 116.6 112.5 113.4 116.8 117.6 117.0 116.9 118.4 116.4 117.5
Tobacco products.................... 50.8 45.6 44.8 44.5 56.5 52.3 45.6 50.5 49.0 48.3
Textile mill products............... 81.0 80.2 78.6 79.3 79.8 80.2 80.2 80.6 78.5 78.2
Apparel and other textile products.. 62.4 58.7 57.6 57.6 60.9 58.5 58.8 59.2 57.0 56.1
Paper and allied products........... 108.0 105.0 103.7 104.9 107.6 106.7 105.9 106.7 104.5 104.5
Printing and publishing............. 120.8 122.0 120.4 121.4 122.1 122.0 121.8 123.2 121.7 122.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 102.8 101.9 101.3 102.0 102.4 102.6 102.4 102.7 101.9 101.5
Petroleum and coal products......... 73.4 64.3 63.3 66.2 72.3 66.3 65.2 66.6 64.0 64.1
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 148.6 148.3 147.3 148.6 146.9 148.3 147.9 149.3 146.8 147.2
Leather and leather products........ 35.1 32.5 32.6 32.6 33.8 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.3 31.9
Service-producing....................... 164.7 166.7 166.0 169.0 162.7 165.5 165.9 166.6 166.3 166.9
Transportation and public utilities... 135.5 136.6 135.8 137.5 134.5 134.7 135.5 137.3 136.4 136.1
Wholesale trade....................... 130.4 133.5 133.8 133.9 129.8 132.1 132.8 133.0 134.4 133.3
Retail trade.......................... 146.9 143.5 144.6 148.3 143.7 144.9 144.6 144.9 144.6 145.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.6 140.2 137.7 140.4 138.7 138.8 138.7 139.3 138.6 139.8
Services.............................. 203.3 209.6 207.8 211.7 201.1 206.7 207.7 208.6 207.8 209.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 p45.9 p54.1
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 p57.0 p54.5
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 p60.8 p59.7
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 p62.6 p62.6
2000..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 p45.7 p48.9
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 p48.9 p47.5
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 p46.8 p48.2
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 p43.5 p46.0
2000..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: August 03, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jun2000.htm
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