Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-206
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, July 6, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 2001
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 114,000 in June, and the unemployment
rate was little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department
of Labor reported today. Manufacturing experienced another large job loss,
and wholesale trade employment declined for the third consecutive month.
Other major industry groups showed no significant change in employment over
the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the unemployment rate (4.5 percent) and the number of unemployed per-
sons (6.4 million) were little changed in June. In each of the past 3 months,
the jobless rate has been either 4.4 or 4.5 percent; its most recent low was
3.9 percent in October 2000. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult
men (4.0 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (14.3 percent), whites
(4.0 percent), blacks (8.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.6 percent)--showed little
or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment, at 134.9 million, was little changed in June. Since Jan-
uary, it has declined by about 1.1 million. Over the month, the employment-
population ratio decreased to 63.7 percent and has fallen by 0.8 percentage
point since January.
The civilian labor force (141.4 million) was essentially unchanged over
the month, after seasonal adjustment, and the labor force participation
rate--the proportion of the population 16 years of age and older who are
either working or looking for work--remained at 66.8 percent. Since
January, the participation rate has declined by half a percentage point.
(See table A-1.)
The number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased
by 266,000 to 3.6 million. This was about half a million more than a year
earlier. These persons indicated that they would like to work full time
but worked part time because their hours had been cut back or they were
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-4.)
In June, 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than
one job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of the employed,
the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In June, 4.6 million people not in the labor force (seasonally adjusted)
reported that they currently wanted a job. These individuals are not counted
as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| May-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | June
|_________________|________ _________________|change
| I | II | Apr. | May | June |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,858| 141,461| 141,757| 141,272| 141,354| 82
Employment..........| 135,864| 135,130| 135,354| 135,103| 134,932| -171
Unemployment........| 5,994| 6,331| 6,402| 6,169| 6,422| 253
Not in labor force....| 69,171| 70,072| 69,592| 70,254| 70,370| 116
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.2| 4.5| 4.5| 4.4| 4.5| 0.1
Adult men...........| 3.7| 4.0| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| .1
Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| .0
Teenagers...........| 13.7| 14.0| 14.2| 13.6| 14.3| .7
White...............| 3.7| 3.9| 4.0| 3.8| 4.0| .2
Black...............| 8.1| 8.2| 8.2| 8.0| 8.4| .4
Hispanic origin.....| 6.2| 6.5| 6.5| 6.2| 6.6| .4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,559|p132,456| 132,489|p132,497|p132,383| p-114
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,621| p25,322| 25,421| p25,332| p25,213| p-119
Construction......| 6,878| p6,872| 6,852| p6,886| p6,879| p-7
Manufacturing.....| 18,188| p17,887| 18,009| p17,882| p17,769| p-113
Service-producing 1/| 106,938|p107,134| 107,068|p107,165|p107,170| p5
Retail trade......| 23,448| p23,537| 23,530| p23,531| p23,549| p18
Services..........| 41,026| p41,034| 40,993| p41,058| p41,052| p-6
Government........| 20,673| p20,768| 20,747| p20,766| p20,790| p24
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.3| p34.3| 34.2| p34.3| p34.3| p.0
Manufacturing.......| 41.0| p40.8| 41.0| p40.8| p40.7| p-0.1
Overtime..........| 4.1| p3.9| 3.9| p3.9| p4.0| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 152.0| p151.4| 151.5| p151.5| p151.2| p-0.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.10| p$14.25| $14.21| p$14.25| p$14.29| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 484.21| p488.30| 485.98| p488.78| p490.15| p1.37
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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the survey. Indeed, most had not searched for work in the prior year.
(See table A-1.) Among persons who wanted a job, about 1.2 million
(not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in
June. These were people who were available for work and had looked for a
job sometime in the prior 12 months. In June, the number of discouraged
workers was 291,000. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 114,000 in June to 132.4 million,
seasonally adjusted. This was the second decline in the past 3 months (as
revised) and brought total job losses in the second quarter to 271,000.
Manufacturing employment continued to fall sharply in June, and related
industries such as wholesale trade and transportation also lost jobs. The
other major industry groups had little or no change in employment over the
month. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing lost 113,000 jobs in June. Since last July, the industry
has lost 785,000 jobs, with nearly three-quarters of the decline coming
since the end of 2000. In June, employment losses in manufacturing again
were widespread, with the largest declines occurring in electronic equip-
ment (31,000), industrial machinery (22,000), and fabricated metals and
textiles (8,000 each). Job losses in electronic equipment and industrial
machinery have accelerated over the past 3 months, as they also have in
textiles, furniture, and printing and publishing.
Construction employment was little changed in June and was down over the
second quarter (seasonally adjusted). Strong job growth in the first
quarter may have lessened the need for the industry to add workers during
the spring buildup. Monthly job growth in the industry has averaged 15,000
thus far in 2001, slightly below the average monthly growth for all of
2000.
In mining, employment continued to rise in oil and gas extraction,
although June's gain was the smallest this year.
In the service-producing sector, employment in wholesale trade decreased
sharply for the third consecutive month. Employment declines in this industry
have totaled 42,000 since March, reflecting cutbacks in both domestic indus-
trial production and imports.
Employment in transportation and public utilities declined by 11,000 in
June. All of the loss occurred in transportation. Manufacturing's severe
downturn continued to affect the movement of goods both by truck and air.
Employment in air transportation also has been affected by reductions in
business travel.
Employment in services was flat in June, following a gain of 65,000 (as
revised) in May. Strong job gains in health services, engineering and
management services, motion pictures, and computer services were offset by
large losses in help supply services, hotels, amusements and recreation,
and educational services. Since reaching its peak last September, the help
supply industry has lost 379,000 jobs.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed in
June. Employment gains continued in commercial banks and in mortgage
banks; these were offset by declines in insurance and real estate and
continued losses in security brokerages, which have shed 12,000 jobs since
March.
In June, employment in retail trade also was little changed. Job gains
in eating and drinking places and building materials and garden supplies
were partially offset by continued losses in food stores. Job gains in
retail trade have averaged 24,000 a month in 2001, about the same as the
monthly average for all of last year.
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In government, small job gains in state and local government more than
offset losses in the federal government. Average monthly job gains in
local government thus far in 2001 have been considerably larger than in
2000.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in June at 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours. Manufac-
turing overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours. Over the past 12 months,
the factory workweek has fallen by 1.0 hour and factory overtime by 0.6 hour.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 percent in June to
151.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.0
percent to 98.2. The manufacturing index has fallen by 7.9 percent over
the past 12 months and is now at its lowest level since March 1983. (See
table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in June to $14.29, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.3 percent
to $490.15. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.2 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for July 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, August 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample
Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau expanded the monthly
sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) to meet the requirements of
the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) legislation. This
legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the
number of children who live in low-income families and lack health
insurance. These estimates are obtained from the Annual Demographic
Supplement to the CPS. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample was one
part of the Census Bureau's plan for strengthening the SCHIP estimates.
The monthly CPS sample was increased in 31 states and the District of
Columbia, and the total number of households eligible for the survey rose
from about 50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households were
introduced into the survey over a 3-month period beginning in September
2000.
In the September 2000 Employment Situation news release (USDL 00-284),
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) stated that it would not use the
additional sample to produce the official national labor force estimates
prior to the release of July 2001 data in August. This delay would allow
BLS sufficient time to evaluate the differences, if any, between the
estimates obtained from the current 50,000-household sample and the
expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated the monthly data for the
November 2000-April 2001 period and found no significant differences in the
national labor force estimates derived from the two samples. Thus, BLS
plans to incorporate the additional sample into the July 2001 official
national estimates. Since estimates from the two samples were virtually
identical, household data for the first 6 months of 2001 will not be
revised.
The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article
discussing this sample expansion in more detail.
- 5 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,543 211,525 211,725 209,543 211,026 211,171 211,348 211,525 211,725
Civilian labor force............................ 142,132 141,048 142,684 140,757 141,751 141,868 141,757 141,272 141,354
Participation rate........................ 67.8 66.7 67.4 67.2 67.2 67.2 67.1 66.8 66.8
Employed...................................... 136,192 135,202 135,923 135,183 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932
Employment-population ratio............... 65.0 63.9 64.2 64.5 64.4 64.3 64.0 63.9 63.7
Agriculture................................. 3,682 3,381 3,335 3,313 3,135 3,161 3,192 3,193 2,995
Nonagricultural industries.................. 132,510 131,822 132,588 131,870 132,680 132,618 132,162 131,910 131,937
Unemployed.................................... 5,940 5,846 6,762 5,574 5,936 6,088 6,402 6,169 6,422
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5
Not in labor force.............................. 67,411 70,477 69,040 68,786 69,275 69,304 69,592 70,254 70,370
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,641 5,161 4,959 4,306 4,455 4,174 4,368 4,535 4,600
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,654 101,684 101,786 100,654 101,428 101,504 101,593 101,684 101,786
Civilian labor force............................ 76,204 75,274 76,460 75,155 75,547 75,516 75,741 75,344 75,462
Participation rate........................ 75.7 74.0 75.1 74.7 74.5 74.4 74.6 74.1 74.1
Employed...................................... 73,213 72,131 72,885 72,240 72,359 72,201 72,245 71,978 71,926
Employment-population ratio............... 72.7 70.9 71.6 71.8 71.3 71.1 71.1 70.8 70.7
Unemployed.................................... 2,991 3,143 3,575 2,915 3,187 3,315 3,496 3,366 3,535
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 4.2 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,546 93,541 93,616 92,546 93,227 93,285 93,410 93,541 93,616
Civilian labor force............................ 71,119 71,360 71,627 70,785 71,288 71,261 71,575 71,351 71,346
Participation rate........................ 76.8 76.3 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.3 76.2
Employed...................................... 68,952 68,772 68,910 68,489 68,761 68,534 68,706 68,595 68,466
Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 73.5 73.6 74.0 73.8 73.5 73.6 73.3 73.1
Agriculture................................. 2,460 2,280 2,214 2,262 2,154 2,150 2,117 2,169 2,035
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,492 66,492 66,696 66,227 66,607 66,383 66,589 66,426 66,430
Unemployed.................................... 2,167 2,588 2,716 2,296 2,527 2,728 2,869 2,756 2,880
Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,889 109,842 109,939 108,889 109,598 109,667 109,756 109,842 109,939
Civilian labor force............................ 65,928 65,774 66,224 65,602 66,204 66,352 66,016 65,928 65,893
Participation rate........................ 60.5 59.9 60.2 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.1 60.0 59.9
Employed...................................... 62,980 63,071 63,038 62,943 63,456 63,578 63,109 63,125 63,006
Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.4 57.3 57.8 57.9 58.0 57.5 57.5 57.3
Unemployed.................................... 2,948 2,703 3,187 2,659 2,749 2,774 2,907 2,803 2,887
Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.1 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,007 101,938 102,023 101,007 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938 102,023
Civilian labor force............................ 61,361 62,049 61,707 61,561 62,220 62,412 62,132 62,119 61,890
Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.9 60.5 60.9 61.2 61.3 61.0 60.9 60.7
Employed...................................... 58,983 59,804 59,215 59,282 59,932 60,178 59,741 59,766 59,510
Employment-population ratio............... 58.4 58.7 58.0 58.7 58.9 59.1 58.6 58.6 58.3
Agriculture................................. 889 860 809 829 839 819 847 822 752
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,093 58,943 58,406 58,453 59,093 59,359 58,895 58,943 58,759
Unemployed.................................... 2,379 2,245 2,492 2,279 2,288 2,233 2,390 2,353 2,380
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,991 16,046 16,086 15,991 16,113 16,108 16,068 16,046 16,086
Civilian labor force............................ 9,652 7,639 9,351 8,411 8,243 8,195 8,050 7,802 8,118
Participation rate........................ 60.4 47.6 58.1 52.6 51.2 50.9 50.1 48.6 50.5
Employed...................................... 8,258 6,627 7,797 7,412 7,122 7,067 6,907 6,742 6,956
Employment-population ratio............... 51.6 41.3 48.5 46.4 44.2 43.9 43.0 42.0 43.2
Agriculture................................. 333 240 312 222 143 191 229 201 209
Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,925 6,386 7,486 7,190 6,980 6,876 6,678 6,541 6,748
Unemployed.................................... 1,394 1,013 1,554 999 1,121 1,127 1,143 1,060 1,162
Unemployment rate......................... 14.4 13.3 16.6 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,316 175,653 175,789 174,316 175,326 175,416 175,533 175,653 175,789
Civilian labor force............................ 118,605 117,491 118,859 117,477 118,287 118,243 118,145 117,688 117,733
Participation rate.......................... 68.0 66.9 67.6 67.4 67.5 67.4 67.3 67.0 67.0
Employed...................................... 114,369 113,261 113,926 113,493 113,902 113,853 113,434 113,185 113,037
Employment-population ratio................. 65.6 64.5 64.8 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6 64.4 64.3
Unemployed.................................... 4,236 4,230 4,932 3,984 4,385 4,389 4,711 4,503 4,696
Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,395 60,483 60,681 60,101 60,487 60,358 60,598 60,512 60,389
Participation rate.......................... 77.3 76.8 77.0 77.0 76.9 76.7 77.0 76.8 76.6
Employed...................................... 58,818 58,610 58,651 58,429 58,561 58,366 58,488 58,493 58,244
Employment-population ratio................. 75.3 74.4 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.2 74.3 74.3 73.9
Unemployed.................................... 1,577 1,873 2,029 1,672 1,926 1,991 2,110 2,019 2,145
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,060 50,535 50,226 50,262 50,854 50,910 50,697 50,611 50,431
Participation rate.......................... 59.9 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.2 59.9
Employed...................................... 48,373 48,951 48,457 48,654 49,155 49,318 48,907 48,902 48,749
Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 58.2 57.6 58.3 58.5 58.7 58.2 58.1 57.9
Unemployed.................................... 1,687 1,584 1,769 1,608 1,699 1,593 1,790 1,708 1,682
Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 8,150 6,473 7,952 7,114 6,945 6,975 6,850 6,566 6,913
Participation rate.......................... 64.2 50.7 62.2 56.0 54.6 54.8 53.7 51.4 54.0
Employed...................................... 7,178 5,700 6,818 6,410 6,186 6,169 6,039 5,790 6,044
Employment-population ratio................. 56.5 44.6 53.3 50.5 48.7 48.5 47.3 45.3 47.2
Unemployed.................................... 972 773 1,134 704 760 806 812 776 869
Unemployment rate........................... 11.9 11.9 14.3 9.9 10.9 11.6 11.8 11.8 12.6
Men....................................... 13.1 12.7 15.5 11.7 12.6 11.8 12.8 13.1 14.5
Women..................................... 10.6 11.1 12.9 7.9 9.2 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.6
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,191 25,501 25,533 25,191 25,412 25,441 25,472 25,501 25,533
Civilian labor force............................ 16,725 16,608 16,897 16,573 16,691 16,789 16,666 16,639 16,756
Participation rate.......................... 66.4 65.1 66.2 65.8 65.7 66.0 65.4 65.2 65.6
Employed...................................... 15,367 15,314 15,434 15,277 15,440 15,348 15,299 15,311 15,343
Employment-population ratio................. 61.0 60.1 60.4 60.6 60.8 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,358 1,294 1,463 1,296 1,251 1,441 1,367 1,328 1,413
Unemployment rate........................... 8.1 7.8 8.7 7.8 7.5 8.6 8.2 8.0 8.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,299 7,288 7,329 7,283 7,374 7,404 7,369 7,275 7,317
Participation rate.......................... 72.3 71.3 71.6 72.1 72.4 72.6 72.2 71.2 71.5
Employed...................................... 6,835 6,750 6,805 6,777 6,887 6,776 6,761 6,723 6,744
Employment-population ratio................. 67.7 66.0 66.5 67.1 67.6 66.4 66.2 65.8 65.9
Unemployed.................................... 464 539 524 506 487 628 608 552 573
Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.6 8.5 8.2 7.6 7.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,305 8,425 8,467 8,324 8,336 8,418 8,353 8,421 8,491
Participation rate.......................... 65.8 65.8 66.1 65.9 65.3 65.9 65.3 65.8 66.3
Employed...................................... 7,753 7,882 7,886 7,781 7,854 7,885 7,892 7,882 7,917
Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 61.6 61.5 61.6 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.6 61.8
Unemployed.................................... 551 542 581 543 482 533 460 539 573
Unemployment rate........................... 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.5 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.4 6.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 1,121 895 1,101 966 981 968 944 942 948
Participation rate.......................... 45.4 36.1 44.4 39.1 39.8 39.2 38.2 38.0 38.2
Employed...................................... 779 682 743 719 699 688 646 706 681
Employment-population ratio................. 31.6 27.5 30.0 29.1 28.4 27.9 26.1 28.5 27.5
Unemployed.................................... 342 213 358 247 282 280 299 236 267
Unemployment rate........................... 30.5 23.8 32.5 25.6 28.8 28.9 31.6 25.1 28.2
Men....................................... 36.6 27.2 36.4 31.5 31.7 27.7 34.9 30.0 30.7
Women..................................... 23.8 20.6 29.1 19.3 25.7 30.2 28.6 20.3 26.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,355 23,021 23,090 22,355 22,830 22,889 22,957 23,021 23,090
Civilian labor force............................ 15,422 15,592 15,669 15,320 15,653 15,770 15,775 15,608 15,570
Participation rate.......................... 69.0 67.7 67.9 68.5 68.6 68.9 68.7 67.8 67.4
Employed...................................... 14,562 14,707 14,640 14,456 14,673 14,782 14,747 14,634 14,538
Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 63.9 63.4 64.7 64.3 64.6 64.2 63.6 63.0
Unemployed.................................... 860 885 1,029 864 980 988 1,028 975 1,032
Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 5.7 6.6 5.6 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,227 28,350 28,504 28,227 27,191 27,564 28,326 28,350 28,504
Civilian labor force.................... 12,193 12,297 12,321 12,035 12,074 12,103 12,371 12,319 12,170
Percent of population............... 43.2 43.4 43.2 42.6 44.4 43.9 43.7 43.5 42.7
Employed.............................. 11,475 11,580 11,543 11,269 11,140 11,267 11,558 11,523 11,338
Employment-population ratio......... 40.7 40.8 40.5 39.9 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.6 39.8
Unemployed............................ 718 716 778 766 934 836 813 797 831
Unemployment rate................... 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.4 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.8
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,581 57,456 57,099 57,581 57,617 57,660 57,456 57,456 57,099
Civilian labor force.................... 36,924 37,146 36,672 37,037 37,309 37,189 37,053 36,952 36,821
Percent of population............... 64.1 64.7 64.2 64.3 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.5
Employed.............................. 35,731 35,826 35,320 35,774 35,895 35,746 35,650 35,507 35,391
Employment-population ratio......... 62.1 62.4 61.9 62.1 62.3 62.0 62.0 61.8 62.0
Unemployed............................ 1,193 1,320 1,352 1,263 1,414 1,443 1,403 1,446 1,431
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,250 44,576 44,812 44,250 45,263 45,182 44,653 44,576 44,812
Civilian labor force.................... 32,796 32,980 33,111 33,003 33,079 33,241 33,044 33,192 33,314
Percent of population............... 74.1 74.0 73.9 74.6 73.1 73.6 74.0 74.5 74.3
Employed.............................. 31,907 32,059 32,102 32,075 32,197 32,360 32,065 32,188 32,263
Employment-population ratio......... 72.1 71.9 71.6 72.5 71.1 71.6 71.8 72.2 72.0
Unemployed............................ 889 921 1,009 928 882 881 978 1,004 1,051
Unemployment rate................... 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,092 46,271 46,348 45,092 46,167 45,979 46,045 46,271 46,348
Civilian labor force.................... 35,750 36,692 36,372 35,981 36,602 36,642 36,646 36,687 36,592
Percent of population............... 79.3 79.3 78.5 79.8 79.3 79.7 79.6 79.3 78.9
Employed.............................. 35,154 35,987 35,545 35,407 36,032 35,916 35,802 35,915 35,796
Employment-population ratio......... 78.0 77.8 76.7 78.5 78.0 78.1 77.8 77.6 77.2
Unemployed............................ 596 704 826 574 570 726 845 771 796
Unemployment rate................... 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 136,192 135,202 135,923 135,183 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,270 43,471 43,342 43,364 43,340 43,385 43,516 43,733 43,428
Married women, spouse present................... 33,452 33,787 33,113 33,745 34,059 34,080 33,662 33,686 33,380
Women who maintain families..................... 8,272 8,319 8,453 8,340 8,373 8,049 8,160 8,319 8,529
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,956 41,984 41,849 41,113 41,770 42,023 41,841 41,996 41,987
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,270 38,743 38,920 39,333 39,781 39,433 39,014 38,743 38,998
Service occupations............................. 18,379 18,260 18,855 18,111 18,283 18,289 18,258 18,224 18,576
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,141 15,007 14,957 14,950 14,970 14,895 14,834 14,962 14,794
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,633 17,736 17,797 18,398 17,889 17,999 18,127 17,904 17,564
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,812 3,472 3,544 3,377 3,252 3,321 3,238 3,251 3,136
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,358 2,080 2,039 2,051 1,839 1,910 1,902 1,958 1,775
Self-employed workers......................... 1,271 1,264 1,251 1,187 1,291 1,231 1,223 1,201 1,166
Unpaid family workers......................... 54 36 44 44 29 36 47 38 36
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,655 123,166 123,625 123,020 124,069 123,814 123,395 123,416 123,009
Government.................................. 18,645 19,106 18,624 18,836 19,103 19,134 18,854 19,067 18,812
Private industries.......................... 105,010 104,061 105,001 104,184 104,966 104,680 104,541 104,349 104,197
Private households........................ 981 792 793 926 823 881 812 789 744
Other industries.......................... 104,029 103,268 104,208 103,258 104,143 103,800 103,729 103,559 103,453
Self-employed workers......................... 8,778 8,555 8,864 8,660 8,617 8,784 8,608 8,530 8,741
Unpaid family workers......................... 78 100 99 74 142 138 93 103 94
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,369 3,270 3,924 3,125 3,273 3,164 3,201 3,371 3,637
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,853 2,094 2,288 1,858 2,043 1,914 2,097 2,215 2,299
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,128 917 1,180 981 933 907 873 900 1,025
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,880 18,897 16,884 18,444 19,021 18,647 18,713 18,581 18,472
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,207 3,124 3,801 2,981 3,143 3,007 3,061 3,197 3,532
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,757 1,989 2,225 1,760 1,970 1,828 1,985 2,089 2,234
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,095 891 1,141 982 910 877 864 876 1,024
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,288 18,368 16,379 17,897 18,509 18,132 18,176 18,061 18,039
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,574 6,169 6,422 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,296 2,756 2,880 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,279 2,353 2,380 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 999 1,060 1,162 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3
Married men, spouse present.................... 848 1,162 1,171 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6
Married women, spouse present.................. 915 1,015 1,034 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0
Women who maintain families.................... 533 547 577 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3
Full-time workers.............................. 4,427 5,059 5,162 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4
Part-time workers.............................. 1,163 1,104 1,282 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.5 4.6 5.3
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 704 826 865 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,483 1,504 1,638 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 542 702 690 3.5 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,206 1,413 1,513 6.2 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.9
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 189 247 207 5.3 7.2 9.1 7.5 7.1 6.2
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,372 4,916 5,238 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.8
Goods-producing industries................... 1,183 1,522 1,568 4.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5
Mining..................................... 20 34 39 3.9 4.6 3.5 5.1 5.5 6.8
Construction............................... 479 525 550 6.0 7.0 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.7
Manufacturing.............................. 684 963 979 3.4 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0
Durable goods............................ 428 604 611 3.4 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.9 5.0
Nondurable goods......................... 256 359 368 3.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.9
Service-producing industries................. 3,189 3,394 3,670 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.5
Transportation and public utilities........ 228 315 356 2.9 2.9 3.1 4.1 3.8 4.4
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,407 1,448 1,482 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 187 188 213 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6
Services................................... 1,367 1,443 1,619 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.4
Government workers............................. 478 383 394 2.5 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 160 175 188 7.2 9.2 11.3 9.2 8.2 9.6
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 3,194 2,652 3,486 2,572 2,797 2,674 2,958 2,679 2,809
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,541 1,673 1,803 1,776 1,669 1,992 1,977 2,028 2,084
15 weeks and over................................ 1,204 1,521 1,473 1,260 1,490 1,517 1,499 1,484 1,540
15 to 26 weeks................................ 593 917 780 609 793 814 759 852 804
27 weeks and over............................. 611 604 692 651 697 703 740 632 737
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 11.3 12.4 11.8 12.5 12.9 13.0 12.6 12.2 13.0
Median duration, in weeks........................ 4.2 6.2 4.4 5.9 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.5 6.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 53.8 45.4 51.6 45.9 47.0 43.2 46.0 43.3 43.7
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 25.9 28.6 26.7 31.7 28.0 32.2 30.7 32.8 32.4
15 weeks and over.............................. 20.3 26.0 21.8 22.5 25.0 24.5 23.3 24.0 23.9
15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.0 15.7 11.5 10.9 13.3 13.2 11.8 13.8 12.5
27 weeks and over............................ 10.3 10.3 10.2 11.6 11.7 11.4 11.5 10.2 11.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,291 2,802 3,090 2,439 2,853 2,963 3,199 3,159 3,291
On temporary layoff............................. 817 801 843 917 945 991 1,053 1,084 940
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,474 2,001 2,247 1,522 1,908 1,972 2,146 2,075 2,351
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,059 1,502 1,656 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 415 499 591 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 667 733 781 692 820 814 749 820 810
Reentrants........................................ 2,336 1,856 2,186 2,042 1,927 1,908 2,005 1,801 1,906
New entrants...................................... 646 455 705 416 372 386 462 482 477
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 38.6 47.9 45.7 43.6 47.8 48.8 49.9 50.4 50.8
On temporary layoff............................ 13.8 13.7 12.5 16.4 15.8 16.3 16.4 17.3 14.5
Not on temporary layoff........................ 24.8 34.2 33.2 27.2 32.0 32.5 33.5 33.1 36.3
Job leavers...................................... 11.2 12.5 11.5 12.4 13.7 13.4 11.7 13.1 12.5
Reentrants....................................... 39.3 31.7 32.3 36.5 32.3 31.4 31.3 28.8 29.4
New entrants..................................... 10.9 7.8 10.4 7.4 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.7 7.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3
Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
New entrants..................................... .5 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .8 1.1 1.0 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.4 4.4 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.9 4.9 5.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.3 7.2 8.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,574 6,169 6,422 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,068 2,198 2,340 9.1 9.5 10.0 10.4 9.9 10.4
16 to 19 years................................ 999 1,060 1,162 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3
16 to 17 years.............................. 449 486 505 13.4 17.2 16.0 16.7 15.5 16.0
18 to 19 years.............................. 545 569 652 10.7 11.0 12.3 12.6 12.2 13.1
20 to 24 years................................ 1,069 1,138 1,177 7.5 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.9 8.2
25 years and over............................... 3,512 3,981 4,110 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5
25 to 54 years................................ 3,105 3,545 3,621 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6
55 years and over............................. 431 483 521 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,915 3,366 3,535 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7
16 to 24 years................................ 1,141 1,264 1,371 9.6 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 619 610 655 14.2 15.5 13.8 15.1 15.3 15.9
16 to 17 years............................ 278 273 288 15.9 18.5 15.6 18.7 17.4 18.0
18 to 19 years............................ 345 336 369 13.0 13.1 12.7 12.8 13.9 14.5
20 to 24 years.............................. 522 654 716 7.0 8.2 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.5
25 years and over............................. 1,778 2,125 2,167 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,553 1,850 1,866 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5
55 years and over........................... 232 296 311 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,659 2,803 2,887 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4
16 to 24 years................................ 927 934 968 8.5 8.1 8.9 9.8 8.8 8.9
16 to 19 years.............................. 380 450 507 9.4 11.6 13.7 13.3 11.8 12.7
16 to 17 years............................ 171 213 216 10.7 15.7 16.4 14.5 13.6 14.0
18 to 19 years............................ 200 234 283 8.2 8.7 11.9 12.4 10.4 11.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 547 485 461 8.0 6.1 6.3 7.8 7.1 6.7
25 years and over............................. 1,734 1,856 1,942 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,552 1,695 1,755 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8
55 years and over........................... 199 186 209 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
June June June June June June
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,411 69,040 24,450 25,326 42,961 43,714
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,641 4,959 1,922 2,182 2,720 2,778
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,141 1,159 602 610 539 548
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 308 291 201 198 108 93
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 833 868 401 412 432 455
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,296 7,328 3,869 3,864 3,426 3,464
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,080 3,993 2,433 2,365 1,647 1,627
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,568 1,555 504 531 1,064 1,024
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 338 280 202 194 136 86
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,269 1,425 713 736 555 688
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 133,163 132,377 133,113 133,579 131,969 132,595 132,654 132,489 132,497 132,383
Total private.................... 112,159 111,213 111,923 112,724 111,029 111,915 111,943 111,742 111,731 111,593
Goods-producing......................... 26,080 25,195 25,356 25,574 25,727 25,627 25,602 25,421 25,332 25,213
Mining................................ 549 554 563 573 543 555 557 560 564 565
Metal mining........................ 41.1 36.7 36.5 36.2 41 39 38 37 37 36
Coal mining......................... 76.4 75.5 76.2 77.0 77 75 75 75 76 77
Oil and gas extraction.............. 314.3 330.1 336.1 343.4 312 328 331 335 339 340
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 116.8 111.6 114.3 115.9 113 113 113 113 112 112
Construction.......................... 6,910 6,709 6,941 7,135 6,663 6,880 6,929 6,852 6,886 6,879
General building contractors........ 1,565.8 1,511.8 1,550.5 1,596.0 1,520 1,555 1,552 1,548 1,557 1,550
Heavy construction, except building. 956.8 899.4 956.1 986.6 896 930 938 915 924 924
Special trade contractors........... 4,387.3 4,298.1 4,434.6 4,552.3 4,247 4,395 4,439 4,389 4,405 4,405
Manufacturing......................... 18,621 17,932 17,852 17,866 18,521 18,192 18,116 18,009 17,882 17,769
Production workers................ 12,750 12,116 12,043 12,030 12,675 12,323 12,254 12,166 12,066 11,961
Durable goods........................ 11,235 10,844 10,774 10,760 11,168 10,997 10,941 10,870 10,778 10,697
Production workers................ 7,671 7,296 7,237 7,213 7,617 7,415 7,358 7,308 7,236 7,163
Lumber and wood products............ 847.5 789.0 793.7 805.6 837 799 799 800 797 796
Furniture and fixtures.............. 560.6 544.1 537.5 533.0 559 549 548 543 539 532
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 588.6 574.4 577.9 581.7 579 578 578 577 574 572
Primary metal industries............ 701.2 664.3 658.4 655.3 700 679 671 667 660 654
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 226.0 212.7 211.4 211.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,551.3 1,497.5 1,487.1 1,489.1 1,543 1,514 1,509 1,503 1,489 1,481
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,129.9 2,071.0 2,054.9 2,041.1 2,120 2,105 2,084 2,072 2,054 2,032
Computer and office equipment..... 355.6 363.2 363.5 360.4 354 370 369 367 366 359
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,724.1 1,678.3 1,650.4 1,629.0 1,719 1,726 1,715 1,684 1,656 1,625
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 681.2 684.0 668.5 651.5 678 711 702 686 671 649
Transportation equipment............ 1,884.8 1,771.1 1,763.2 1,768.4 1,868 1,786 1,775 1,768 1,757 1,752
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,039.5 950.9 943.5 946.9 1,027 967 956 950 939 935
Aircraft and parts................ 466.5 463.6 463.7 465.5 466 464 465 464 464 465
Instruments and related products.... 851.7 864.5 863.8 867.4 849 871 871 866 865 865
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 395.3 389.4 387.0 388.9 394 390 391 390 387 388
Nondurable goods..................... 7,386 7,088 7,078 7,106 7,353 7,195 7,175 7,139 7,104 7,072
Production workers................ 5,079 4,820 4,806 4,817 5,058 4,908 4,896 4,858 4,830 4,798
Food and kindred products........... 1,682.9 1,651.7 1,660.6 1,683.2 1,685 1,686 1,687 1,687 1,685 1,685
Tobacco products.................... 32.9 31.2 31.2 30.6 35 31 32 32 33 32
Textile mill products............... 534.9 487.1 479.8 474.4 531 496 494 489 479 471
Apparel and other textile products.. 647.8 581.4 581.3 582.3 639 595 590 581 579 574
Paper and allied products........... 661.5 636.8 636.9 637.2 657 645 642 641 639 633
Printing and publishing............. 1,555.1 1,507.0 1,499.5 1,500.3 1,552 1,529 1,524 1,512 1,503 1,497
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,043.2 1,034.2 1,034.7 1,040.5 1,037 1,039 1,039 1,036 1,033 1,034
Petroleum and coal products......... 131.2 127.1 127.7 131.0 129 127 126 128 127 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,022.8 965.7 960.3 961.2 1,016 979 973 967 960 954
Leather and leather products........ 73.9 65.7 66.2 65.3 72 68 68 66 66 64
Service-producing....................... 107,083 107,182 107,757 108,005 106,242 106,968 107,052 107,068 107,165 107,170
Transportation and public utilities... 7,051 7,087 7,127 7,152 7,015 7,123 7,127 7,119 7,127 7,116
Transportation...................... 4,543 4,552 4,584 4,592 4,520 4,591 4,591 4,576 4,581 4,569
Railroad transportation........... 235.3 229.7 230.9 231.6 233 231 230 230 230 230
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 470.9 492.2 501.5 482.8 472 480 480 477 483 484
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,869.9 1,841.4 1,856.1 1,878.8 1,854 1,870 1,872 1,864 1,865 1,863
Water transportation.............. 203.7 199.6 205.2 208.2 197 200 201 202 203 201
Transportation by air............. 1,275.6 1,299.9 1,304.1 1,303.0 1,278 1,318 1,316 1,313 1,314 1,305
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.9 13.6 13.7 14.2 14 14 13 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 473.6 475.1 472.0 473.7 472 478 479 476 472 472
Communications and public utilities. 2,508 2,535 2,543 2,560 2,495 2,532 2,536 2,543 2,546 2,547
Communications.................... 1,650.4 1,692.5 1,698.2 1,707.0 1,644 1,685 1,690 1,696 1,699 1,700
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 857.3 842.5 845.0 853.3 851 847 846 847 847 847
Wholesale trade....................... 7,066 7,034 7,041 7,071 7,019 7,064 7,066 7,053 7,039 7,024
Durable goods....................... 4,215 4,177 4,171 4,183 4,195 4,198 4,196 4,187 4,173 4,164
Nondurable goods.................... 2,851 2,857 2,870 2,888 2,824 2,866 2,870 2,866 2,866 2,860
Retail trade.......................... 23,488 23,289 23,553 23,758 23,280 23,472 23,457 23,530 23,531 23,549
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,066.4 1,018.5 1,052.3 1,065.9 1,016 1,007 1,006 999 1,007 1,016
General merchandise stores.......... 2,765.9 2,708.1 2,731.7 2,753.6 2,831 2,807 2,797 2,804 2,817 2,817
Department stores................. 2,424.3 2,374.1 2,393.6 2,411.9 2,482 2,462 2,451 2,459 2,469 2,470
Food stores......................... 3,535.6 3,524.2 3,535.7 3,558.5 3,522 3,548 3,550 3,562 3,552 3,545
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,433.3 2,417.3 2,433.7 2,452.7 2,410 2,424 2,420 2,421 2,427 2,430
New and used car dealers.......... 1,118.8 1,121.1 1,125.7 1,133.6 1,114 1,124 1,124 1,122 1,126 1,129
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,178.1 1,194.6 1,199.8 1,216.2 1,190 1,227 1,228 1,226 1,228 1,228
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,124.9 1,129.3 1,123.2 1,127.2 1,136 1,146 1,147 1,140 1,135 1,138
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,348.6 8,201.1 8,353.9 8,471.2 8,098 8,171 8,158 8,213 8,206 8,219
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,035.2 3,095.8 3,122.7 3,113.1 3,077 3,142 3,151 3,165 3,159 3,156
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,609 7,599 7,640 7,707 7,541 7,609 7,618 7,626 7,644 7,639
Finance............................. 3,715 3,751 3,761 3,789 3,699 3,748 3,755 3,761 3,769 3,772
Depository institutions........... 2,038.8 2,027.1 2,033.1 2,053.5 2,028 2,025 2,028 2,032 2,038 2,043
Commercial banks................ 1,436.3 1,417.4 1,421.9 1,436.9 1,430 1,417 1,418 1,421 1,426 1,430
Savings institutions............ 254.8 254.0 254.9 257.7 253 254 254 255 255 256
Nondepository institutions........ 678.4 689.9 695.5 701.3 676 683 686 691 695 698
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 306.3 308.1 313.6 318.4 305 304 306 308 312 317
Security and commodity brokers.... 748.6 774.0 771.6 772.5 745 781 781 780 776 769
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 249.3 259.9 260.3 261.5 250 259 260 258 260 262
Insurance........................... 2,354 2,351 2,357 2,366 2,345 2,351 2,353 2,356 2,359 2,357
Insurance carriers................ 1,596.4 1,592.1 1,597.3 1,605.3 1,590 1,592 1,593 1,596 1,599 1,599
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 757.6 759.3 759.6 760.3 755 759 760 760 760 758
Real estate......................... 1,540 1,497 1,522 1,552 1,497 1,510 1,510 1,509 1,516 1,510
Services2............................. 40,865 41,009 41,206 41,462 40,447 41,020 41,073 40,993 41,058 41,052
Agricultural services............... 877.3 839.8 892.2 919.8 795 821 828 824 835 835
Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,035.8 1,895.4 1,948.1 2,036.5 1,917 1,957 1,960 1,944 1,936 1,916
Personal services................... 1,215.7 1,335.6 1,255.6 1,245.8 1,247 1,261 1,265 1,267 1,276 1,279
Business services................... 9,925.9 9,604.9 9,652.9 9,718.4 9,876 9,851 9,822 9,729 9,696 9,678
Services to buildings............. 1,002.8 1,007.0 1,016.6 1,022.2 992 1,007 1,007 1,009 1,013 1,011
Personnel supply services......... 3,946.9 3,504.6 3,551.0 3,585.8 3,916 3,731 3,694 3,600 3,585 3,564
Help supply services............ 3,546.6 3,112.7 3,159.1 3,194.7 3,517 3,339 3,293 3,202 3,194 3,168
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,092.3 2,200.1 2,195.0 2,211.0 2,091 2,186 2,195 2,199 2,200 2,211
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,250.3 1,301.0 1,308.8 1,313.0 1,240 1,291 1,298 1,300 1,308 1,302
Miscellaneous repair services....... 368.1 363.7 363.1 363.1 365 365 364 364 362 360
Motion pictures..................... 601.8 598.2 586.8 604.3 597 600 605 601 585 599
Amusement and recreation services... 1,990.1 1,737.5 1,872.7 2,037.3 1,726 1,772 1,775 1,764 1,786 1,768
Health services..................... 10104.3 10264.1 10282.8 10358.6 10,078 10,236 10,259 10,280 10,294 10,332
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,925.3 1,964.2 1,970.0 1,985.6 1,921 1,958 1,962 1,967 1,972 1,981
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,797.5 1,811.3 1,809.7 1,825.3 1,793 1,808 1,811 1,816 1,813 1,821
Hospitals......................... 3,987.6 4,056.3 4,062.9 4,095.3 3,982 4,045 4,055 4,062 4,071 4,089
Home health care services......... 645.3 646.2 647.2 650.7 643 645 648 646 645 649
Legal services...................... 1,026.8 1,014.7 1,020.7 1,042.8 1,010 1,020 1,022 1,021 1,027 1,026
Educational services................ 2,136.6 2,533.7 2,464.0 2,192.7 2,335 2,375 2,384 2,388 2,419 2,394
Social services..................... 2,885.9 3,044.2 3,069.1 3,041.4 2,887 2,997 3,009 3,023 3,039 3,048
Child day care services........... 694.6 764.2 770.3 732.7 712 734 739 743 744 751
Residential care.................. 809.8 833.2 841.6 850.7 804 829 831 835 843 845
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 114.9 107.9 113.2 119.7 106 110 110 109 110 111
Membership organizations............ 2,513.4 2,477.6 2,492.5 2,536.7 2,474 2,487 2,489 2,489 2,496 2,497
Engineering and management services. 3,445.2 3,518.3 3,510.6 3,558.0 3,421 3,504 3,510 3,517 3,515 3,533
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,034.0 1,045.0 1,053.6 1,076.1 1,018 1,050 1,052 1,053 1,056 1,060
Management and public relations... 1,098.9 1,120.6 1,123.1 1,136.3 1,089 1,123 1,125 1,124 1,122 1,126
Services, nec....................... 51.3 50.8 51.7 52.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 21,004 21,164 21,190 20,855 20,940 20,680 20,711 20,747 20,766 20,790
Federal............................. 3,122 2,611 2,614 2,625 3,101 2,615 2,613 2,615 2,611 2,605
Federal, except Postal Service.... 2,263.4 1,756.5 1,761.5 1,771.3 2,238 1,756 1,754 1,756 1,753 1,747
State............................... 4,603 4,984 4,904 4,678 4,776 4,825 4,836 4,847 4,844 4,856
Education......................... 1,824.9 2,212.9 2,117.9 1,860.8 2,029 2,048 2,055 2,065 2,058 2,070
Other State government............ 2,777.8 2,770.6 2,786.1 2,817.5 2,747 2,777 2,781 2,782 2,786 2,786
Local............................... 13,279 13,569 13,672 13,552 13,063 13,240 13,262 13,285 13,311 13,329
Education......................... 7,423.0 7,874.7 7,909.9 7,557.7 7,396 7,479 7,492 7,495 7,519 7,528
Other local government............ 5,855.8 5,694.1 5,762.1 5,994.7 5,667 5,761 5,770 5,790 5,792 5,801
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.6 34.1 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.2 34.3 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 41.2 39.6 40.6 40.7 41.0 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.4
Mining................................ 43.3 43.5 44.0 43.6 43.0 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.9 43.2
Construction.......................... 39.5 38.5 40.2 40.0 39.0 38.7 39.1 39.3 39.8 39.4
Manufacturing......................... 41.8 39.9 40.7 40.8 41.7 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.8 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0
Durable goods........................ 42.4 40.1 41.1 41.1 42.2 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.0 40.9
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0
Lumber and wood products............ 41.5 39.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.1 40.3 40.1 40.6 40.5
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.4 37.9 38.2 38.5 40.2 39.1 39.1 39.3 38.6 38.3
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.1 42.7 44.7 44.7 42.8 42.8 43.7 43.2 44.3 44.4
Primary metal industries............ 45.1 43.2 43.3 43.8 45.1 43.2 43.4 44.3 43.3 43.8
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 46.5 45.2 44.4 45.2 46.5 44.4 44.4 45.4 44.6 45.2
Fabricated metal products........... 43.0 40.2 41.5 41.2 42.7 41.7 41.9 42.0 41.5 41.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.3 39.9 40.7 40.6 42.3 41.0 41.2 41.3 40.6 40.5
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.2 38.5 38.9 39.0 41.2 40.3 40.1 39.8 39.1 39.0
Transportation equipment............ 43.9 40.8 42.7 42.4 43.6 42.0 42.0 42.4 42.4 42.0
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.3 41.4 43.8 43.6 44.7 42.0 42.3 43.3 43.6 43.0
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 40.2 40.8 40.7 41.5 41.1 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.0 37.4 38.0 38.6 39.0 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.0 38.6
Nondurable goods..................... 40.8 39.6 40.2 40.4 40.8 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.4 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0
Food and kindred products........... 41.8 39.9 40.7 41.1 41.9 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.2
Tobacco products.................... 41.7 39.2 38.8 41.0 40.8 39.8 40.0 41.1 38.5 40.1
Textile mill products............... 41.3 39.3 40.4 40.7 41.1 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.4 40.6
Apparel and other textile products.. 38.2 36.7 38.0 37.9 37.9 37.6 37.5 38.0 37.9 37.6
Paper and allied products........... 42.4 41.1 42.0 42.3 42.6 41.7 41.8 42.0 42.3 42.5
Printing and publishing............. 38.2 37.6 37.8 38.1 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.2 38.1 38.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.0 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.6 42.3 42.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 41.7 43.7 41.6 43.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.5 39.7 40.6 40.8 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.8 40.6 40.6
Leather and leather products........ 37.9 35.6 36.0 36.1 37.4 36.4 36.1 36.6 35.8 35.6
Service-producing....................... 32.9 32.8 32.6 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.5 38.2 38.0 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.3
Wholesale trade....................... 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.3
Retail trade.......................... 29.3 28.8 28.7 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.2 36.7 35.9 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5
Services.............................. 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.8
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
June Apr. May June June Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.63 $14.27 $14.22 $14.20 $471.60 $486.61 $486.32 $488.48
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.72 14.21 14.25 14.29 473.34 485.98 488.78 490.15
Goods-producing......................... 15.34 15.76 15.84 15.92 632.01 624.10 643.10 647.94
Mining................................ 17.15 17.60 17.48 17.68 742.60 765.60 769.12 770.85
Construction.......................... 17.73 18.07 18.17 18.23 700.34 695.70 730.43 729.20
Manufacturing......................... 14.33 14.74 14.75 14.80 598.99 588.13 600.33 603.84
Durable goods........................ 14.76 15.14 15.19 15.24 625.82 607.11 624.31 626.36
Lumber and wood products............ 11.93 12.13 12.16 12.17 495.10 483.99 497.34 498.97
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.70 12.07 12.09 12.24 472.68 457.45 461.84 471.24
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.47 14.96 15.09 15.24 623.66 638.79 674.52 681.23
Primary metal industries............ 16.46 16.90 16.80 16.93 742.35 730.08 727.44 741.53
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 20.00 20.37 20.23 20.31 930.00 920.72 898.21 918.01
Fabricated metal products........... 13.82 14.11 14.22 14.28 594.26 567.22 590.13 588.34
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.49 15.74 15.78 15.80 655.23 628.03 642.25 641.48
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.66 14.39 14.40 14.46 562.79 554.02 560.16 563.94
Transportation equipment............ 18.40 18.77 18.83 18.92 807.76 765.82 804.04 802.21
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.81 19.13 19.19 19.25 852.09 791.98 840.52 839.30
Instruments and related products.... 14.30 14.80 14.75 14.76 592.02 594.96 601.80 600.73
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.55 12.04 12.10 12.04 450.45 450.30 459.80 464.74
Nondurable goods..................... 13.65 14.12 14.08 14.14 556.92 559.15 566.02 571.26
Food and kindred products........... 12.51 12.79 12.82 12.86 522.92 510.32 521.77 528.55
Tobacco products.................... 22.52 22.59 22.80 22.90 939.08 885.53 884.64 938.90
Textile mill products............... 11.13 11.30 11.29 11.33 459.67 444.09 456.12 461.13
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.33 9.44 9.41 9.44 356.41 346.45 357.58 357.78
Paper and allied products........... 16.21 16.74 16.80 16.93 687.30 688.01 705.60 716.14
Printing and publishing............. 14.33 14.75 14.75 14.79 547.41 554.60 557.55 563.50
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.10 18.64 18.48 18.60 767.44 790.34 779.86 781.20
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.83 22.09 21.80 21.95 910.31 965.33 906.88 946.05
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.79 13.33 13.31 13.29 530.79 529.20 540.39 542.23
Leather and leather products........ 10.11 10.37 10.23 10.50 383.17 369.17 368.28 379.05
Service-producing....................... 13.09 13.83 13.73 13.68 430.66 453.62 447.60 450.07
Transportation and public utilities... 16.18 16.78 16.72 16.78 622.93 641.00 635.36 644.35
Wholesale trade....................... 15.12 15.86 15.66 15.69 582.12 607.44 598.21 600.93
Retail trade.......................... 9.39 9.78 9.78 9.77 275.13 281.66 280.69 283.33
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.93 15.81 15.74 15.67 540.47 580.23 565.07 567.25
Services.............................. 13.72 14.58 14.47 14.37 448.64 476.77 470.28 471.34
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
May 2001-
June 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.72 $14.11 $14.17 $14.21 $14.25 $14.29 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.92 7.95 7.94 7.93 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.35 15.74 15.79 15.78 15.86 15.92 .4
Mining...................... 17.29 17.52 17.55 17.53 17.53 17.82 1.7
Construction................ 17.80 18.30 18.33 18.15 18.22 18.30 .4
Manufacturing............... 14.35 14.63 14.66 14.72 14.78 14.82 .3
Excluding overtime4....... 13.60 13.94 13.96 14.04 14.09 14.14 .4
Service-producing............. 13.22 13.62 13.68 13.73 13.76 13.81 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.26 16.64 16.68 16.74 16.78 16.86 .5
Wholesale trade............. 15.21 15.60 15.68 15.74 15.69 15.78 .6
Retail trade................ 9.44 9.69 9.72 9.74 9.79 9.83 .4
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.04 15.55 15.61 15.64 15.72 15.78 .4
Services.................... 13.87 14.34 14.40 14.48 14.50 14.52 .1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.1 percent from April 2001 to May 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 153.9 150.1 151.4 153.6 151.5 151.7 152.0 151.5 151.5 151.2
Goods-producing......................... 119.1 109.5 113.4 114.4 116.5 113.6 114.1 113.5 113.0 111.7
Mining................................ 52.2 53.7 55.3 55.9 51.1 53.2 54.5 55.0 55.5 54.8
Construction.......................... 192.8 181.0 196.9 202.3 182.3 186.9 191.0 190.0 193.1 190.6
Manufacturing......................... 107.4 97.5 98.9 99.1 106.6 101.5 101.2 100.7 99.2 98.2
Durable goods........................ 113.5 102.1 103.8 103.4 112.3 106.4 105.9 105.4 103.6 102.2
Lumber and wood products............ 152.0 134.3 138.6 141.0 148.1 137.4 137.7 137.2 138.2 137.3
Furniture and fixtures.............. 142.4 128.7 127.7 127.4 141.5 133.7 133.7 133.1 129.5 126.7
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 121.2 116.4 122.4 123.3 118.0 117.2 119.7 118.3 120.5 120.2
Primary metal industries............ 93.6 84.7 84.0 84.3 93.5 87.0 86.2 87.0 84.2 84.3
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 73.4 67.0 65.3 66.6 73.0 67.0 66.6 67.6 65.6 66.1
Fabricated metal products........... 124.8 111.5 114.0 113.5 123.2 117.1 117.1 116.9 114.3 112.3
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 104.0 93.4 94.4 93.2 103.3 98.3 97.0 96.3 93.8 92.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 109.1 97.3 96.5 95.2 109.2 105.2 103.4 100.9 97.4 95.3
Transportation equipment............ 126.7 110.1 114.1 112.9 124.0 113.5 113.1 113.8 112.9 110.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 171.8 143.3 149.6 148.2 166.6 146.4 146.0 149.0 147.9 143.4
Instruments and related products.... 76.1 73.1 74.0 73.9 75.8 75.7 75.2 74.7 74.0 73.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.6 93.1 93.3 95.3 99.5 94.9 95.3 95.3 93.7 95.2
Nondurable goods..................... 99.1 91.2 92.3 93.1 98.7 94.8 94.7 94.1 93.2 92.8
Food and kindred products........... 117.4 109.3 111.7 114.2 118.2 115.4 115.9 116.0 114.9 115.1
Tobacco products.................... 49.2 43.5 42.8 44.8 52.6 43.4 45.6 46.8 45.8 47.6
Textile mill products............... 76.8 66.6 67.1 67.0 76.0 69.7 69.5 68.5 67.0 66.3
Apparel and other textile products.. 57.1 48.4 50.0 49.4 55.7 50.9 50.4 50.1 49.5 48.2
Paper and allied products........... 103.9 96.8 98.9 99.8 103.6 99.8 99.4 99.7 100.0 99.5
Printing and publishing............. 120.9 114.5 114.2 115.2 121.2 119.0 119.2 116.5 115.6 115.6
Chemicals and allied products....... 100.4 98.5 97.9 97.4 100.0 99.0 98.9 98.7 97.8 97.0
Petroleum and coal products......... 71.9 72.7 69.8 74.2 70.4 70.0 69.5 72.9 69.9 72.8
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 151.0 134.5 137.2 137.9 149.3 140.6 140.4 138.4 137.2 136.3
Leather and leather products........ 32.3 27.4 27.7 27.2 31.0 29.1 28.8 28.1 27.5 26.3
Service-producing....................... 169.5 168.4 168.4 171.2 167.2 168.9 169.1 168.5 168.8 169.0
Transportation and public utilities... 138.3 138.9 138.9 140.8 137.4 140.3 139.9 139.4 139.7 139.9
Wholesale trade....................... 133.2 131.1 131.1 132.3 132.1 131.4 132.0 131.4 131.0 131.2
Retail trade.......................... 149.2 144.7 146.1 148.8 145.8 146.8 146.0 146.7 146.4 145.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.4 141.2 139.1 141.5 138.9 139.8 140.0 140.2 140.2 141.1
Services.............................. 212.5 212.7 212.5 215.9 209.7 212.5 213.4 211.8 212.8 213.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 p46.0 p44.6
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 p48.7 p42.4
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 p50.3 p48.2
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 p52.3 p51.8
2001..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 p30.5 p30.5
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 p26.8 p20.2
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 p25.4 p19.5
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 p23.2 p21.0
2001..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: August 03, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_jun2001.htm
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