Technical information: USDL 01-79
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, April 6, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2001
Nonfarm employment fell in March, while the unemployment rate was little
changed at 4.3 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department
of Labor reported today. A decline in nonfarm payroll employment of 86,000
reflected losses in manufacturing, help supply services, and retail trade.
Employment rose in most services industries. Average hourly earnings rose
by 6 cents over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, 6.1 million, and the unemployment
rate, 4.3 percent, were little changed in March. The rate had been in the
range of 3.9 to 4.1 percent from the fall of 1999 until the end of 2000.
In March, the unemployment rate for adult men rose to 3.8 percent. The
rate for blacks increased by 1.1 percentage points to 8.6 percent, but
this series can be very volatile. The unemployment rates for adult women
(3.6 percent), teenagers (13.8 percent), whites (3.7 percent), and Hispanics
(6.3 percent) were essentially unchanged over the month. (See tables A-1
and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment, at 135.8 million, and the employment-population ratio,
at 64.3 percent, were essentially unchanged in March. The civilian labor
force was little changed at 141.9 million, and the labor force participation
rate remained at 67.2 percent. (See table A-1.)
About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in March. Multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of the employed,
about the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in March. These were people who wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior
12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers was 350,000 in March, up from 257,000 a year earlier. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking
for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Feb.-
Category | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | Mar.
|________|________|________ _________________|change
| IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,208| 141,858| 141,955| 141,751| 141,868| 117
Employment..........| 135,593| 135,864| 135,999| 135,815| 135,780| -35
Unemployment........| 5,616| 5,994| 5,956| 5,936| 6,088| 152
Not in labor force....| 69,358| 69,171| 68,934| 69,275| 69,304| 29
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.2| 4.2| 4.2| 4.3| 0.1
Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.7| 3.6| 3.5| 3.8| .3
Adult women.........| 3.4| 3.6| 3.6| 3.7| 3.6| -.1
Teenagers...........| 12.9| 13.7| 13.8| 13.6| 13.8| .2
White...............| 3.5| 3.7| 3.6| 3.7| 3.7| .0
Black...............| 7.5| 8.1| 8.4| 7.5| 8.6| 1.1
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 6.2| 6.0| 6.3| 6.3| .0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,836|p132,232| 132,167|p132,307|p132,221| p-86
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,623| p25,561| 25,641| p25,554| p25,487| p-67
Construction......| 6,732| p6,883| 6,874| p6,881| p6,893| p12
Manufacturing.....| 18,350| p18,128| 18,220| p18,123| p18,042| p-81
Service-producing 1/| 106,213|p106,671| 106,526|p106,753|p106,734| p-19
Retail trade......| 23,225| p23,309| 23,272| p23,350| p23,304| p-46
Services..........| 40,752| p40,940| 40,917| p40,946| p40,957| p11
Government........| 20,435| p20,561| 20,510| p20,589| p20,585| p-4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.3| p34.3| 34.3| p34.2| p34.3| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.0| p40.8| 40.9| p40.7| p40.7| p.0
Overtime..........| 4.2| p3.9| 4.1| p3.9| p3.8| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| p151.5| 151.9| p151.3| p151.4| p0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.95| p$14.10| $14.02| p$14.11| p$14.17| p$0.06
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 478.13| p483.16| 480.89| p482.56| p486.03| p3.47
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment declined by 86,000 in March, seasonally
adjusted. Large losses continued in manufacturing and help supply, and
employment in retail trade also fell. Employment grew in a number of
industries, including finance and many components of services.
(See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment fell by 81,000
in March, following large losses in January and February. Since last June,
employment losses in manufacturing have totaled 451,000, including 270,000
since December. Manufacturing employment declines were widespread in March.
Large job losses continued in industrial machinery (16,000) and fabricated
metals (11,000); employment in these industries has declined by 36,000 and
37,000, respectively, so far this year. Employment in electrical equipment,
which had added jobs throughout most of 2000, fell by 7,000 in March; this
industry has lost a total of 20,000 jobs since December. A number of other
industries also experienced employment declines, including auto manufacturing
and rubber and miscellaneous plastics.
Construction employment rose slightly in March, due to gains in heavy
construction and special trades. Since last October, construction has
added 148,000 jobs. Mining employment edged up in March. Employment in
oil and gas extraction rose by 3,000 over the month; this industry has
added 13,000 jobs so far this year.
In the service-producing sector, services employment was little changed
in March. Job gains in health services (26,000), social services (15,000),
computer services (11,000), and several other industries were largely
offset by a sharp decline in help supply services (83,000). Employment
in help supply, which primarily provides temporary workers to other
businesses, has declined for 6 consecutive months, losing 273,000 jobs
over the period.
Employment in retail trade decreased by 46,000 in March, offsetting much
of the February increase. Within retail trade, employment in eating and
drinking places declined by 25,000 in March, following a gain of 21,000 in
February. Employment in department stores fell by 19,000, also following
an increase in February. Automotive dealers and service stations lost
6,000 jobs in March. Wholesale trade employment was essentially unchanged;
this industry has lost 24,000 jobs since November.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 17,000 in
March. Since July, this industry has gained 120,000 jobs, following small
losses in the first half of 2000. Mortgage banks added 3,000 jobs in
March, bringing its first quarter gain to 9,000 jobs.
Transportation and public utilities employment edged up in March. In
recent months, the trucking industry has resumed adding workers after
showing no net growth from April to November 2000. Government employment
was little changed in March, after growing by 184,000 over the prior
3 months.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in March to 34.3 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged over the month at
40.7 hours, although it was a full hour lower than a year earlier. Manu-
facturing overtime edged down by 0.1 hour in March to 3.8 hours and was
0.8 hour lower than in March 2000. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 percent over the month
to 151.4 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by
0.5 percent to 100.9. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in March to $14.17, seasonally adjusted.
This follows a 9-cent increase (as revised) in February. Over the month,
average weekly earnings increased by 0.7 percent to $486.03. Over the year,
average hourly earnings rose by 4.3 percent and average weekly earnings grew
by 3.7 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for April 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, May 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
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| Planned Changes Affecting Establishment Survey Data |
| |
| Concurrent with the release of March 2000 benchmark revisions |
| on June 1, BLS will implement the next phase of a new probability- |
| based sample design for the payroll survey. The redesign began |
| last year with the wholesale trade industry. Estimates for the |
| mining, construction, and manufacturing industries will incorporate|
| the new sample design with the June 1 release. Further information|
| is available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or |
| by calling (202) 691-6555. |
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,053 211,026 211,171 209,053 210,577 210,743 210,889 211,026 211,171
Civilian labor force............................ 140,501 141,238 141,751 140,705 141,136 141,489 141,955 141,751 141,868
Participation rate........................ 67.2 66.9 67.1 67.3 67.0 67.1 67.3 67.2 67.2
Employed...................................... 134,494 134,774 135,298 135,013 135,478 135,836 135,999 135,815 135,780
Employment-population ratio............... 64.3 63.9 64.1 64.6 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.4 64.3
Agriculture................................. 3,079 2,794 2,921 3,338 3,176 3,274 3,179 3,135 3,161
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,415 131,980 132,377 131,675 132,302 132,562 132,819 132,680 132,618
Unemployed.................................... 6,007 6,464 6,453 5,692 5,658 5,653 5,956 5,936 6,088
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3
Not in labor force.............................. 68,552 69,788 69,421 68,348 69,441 69,254 68,934 69,275 69,304
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,461 4,500 4,103 4,539 4,351 4,532 4,417 4,455 4,174
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,405 101,428 101,504 100,405 101,175 101,260 101,357 101,428 101,504
Civilian labor force............................ 74,790 75,118 75,266 75,125 75,386 75,582 75,815 75,547 75,516
Participation rate........................ 74.5 74.1 74.2 74.8 74.5 74.6 74.8 74.5 74.4
Employed...................................... 71,613 71,430 71,607 72,246 72,354 72,534 72,589 72,359 72,201
Employment-population ratio............... 71.3 70.4 70.5 72.0 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.3 71.1
Unemployed.................................... 3,177 3,687 3,659 2,879 3,032 3,048 3,226 3,187 3,315
Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.9 4.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,145 93,227 93,285 92,145 93,061 93,117 93,184 93,227 93,285
Civilian labor force............................ 70,689 71,139 71,251 70,773 71,135 71,289 71,492 71,288 71,261
Participation rate........................ 76.7 76.3 76.4 76.8 76.4 76.6 76.7 76.5 76.4
Employed...................................... 68,057 68,114 68,171 68,445 68,683 68,848 68,916 68,761 68,534
Employment-population ratio............... 73.9 73.1 73.1 74.3 73.8 73.9 74.0 73.8 73.5
Agriculture................................. 2,073 1,906 1,987 2,240 2,122 2,232 2,122 2,154 2,150
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,984 66,208 66,184 66,205 66,561 66,616 66,795 66,607 66,383
Unemployed.................................... 2,632 3,025 3,080 2,328 2,452 2,441 2,576 2,527 2,728
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 4.3 4.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,649 109,598 109,667 108,649 109,402 109,483 109,532 109,598 109,667
Civilian labor force............................ 65,711 66,120 66,484 65,580 65,750 65,907 66,140 66,204 66,352
Participation rate........................ 60.5 60.3 60.6 60.4 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.4 60.5
Employed...................................... 62,881 63,344 63,691 62,767 63,124 63,302 63,410 63,456 63,578
Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 57.8 58.1 57.8 57.7 57.8 57.9 57.9 58.0
Unemployed.................................... 2,830 2,777 2,793 2,813 2,626 2,605 2,730 2,749 2,774
Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,713 101,686 101,779 100,713 101,533 101,612 101,643 101,686 101,779
Civilian labor force............................ 61,892 62,335 62,731 61,573 61,625 61,819 62,126 62,220 62,412
Participation rate........................ 61.5 61.3 61.6 61.1 60.7 60.8 61.1 61.2 61.3
Employed...................................... 59,593 60,005 60,447 59,326 59,506 59,708 59,894 59,932 60,178
Employment-population ratio............... 59.2 59.0 59.4 58.9 58.6 58.8 58.9 58.9 59.1
Agriculture................................. 831 794 791 866 797 822 852 839 819
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,762 59,211 59,656 58,460 58,709 58,886 59,042 59,093 59,359
Unemployed.................................... 2,298 2,329 2,285 2,247 2,119 2,111 2,232 2,288 2,233
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,196 16,113 16,108 16,196 15,983 16,014 16,063 16,113 16,108
Civilian labor force............................ 7,921 7,765 7,769 8,359 8,376 8,381 8,337 8,243 8,195
Participation rate........................ 48.9 48.2 48.2 51.6 52.4 52.3 51.9 51.2 50.9
Employed...................................... 6,844 6,655 6,680 7,242 7,289 7,280 7,188 7,122 7,067
Employment-population ratio............... 42.3 41.3 41.5 44.7 45.6 45.5 44.7 44.2 43.9
Agriculture................................. 175 94 143 232 257 220 205 143 191
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,669 6,561 6,537 7,010 7,032 7,060 6,983 6,980 6,876
Unemployed.................................... 1,077 1,110 1,088 1,117 1,087 1,101 1,149 1,121 1,127
Unemployment rate......................... 13.6 14.3 14.0 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6 13.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,983 175,326 175,416 173,983 175,034 175,145 175,246 175,326 175,416
Civilian labor force............................ 117,451 117,883 118,166 117,592 117,640 117,945 118,276 118,287 118,243
Participation rate.......................... 67.5 67.2 67.4 67.6 67.2 67.3 67.5 67.5 67.4
Employed...................................... 113,006 113,029 113,445 113,435 113,509 113,811 114,015 113,902 113,853
Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 64.5 64.7 65.2 64.8 65.0 65.1 65.0 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 4,446 4,853 4,721 4,157 4,131 4,134 4,261 4,385 4,389
Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,123 60,335 60,400 60,116 60,280 60,349 60,494 60,487 60,358
Participation rate.......................... 77.2 76.7 76.8 77.2 76.8 76.8 77.0 76.9 76.7
Employed...................................... 58,131 57,975 58,075 58,410 58,478 58,581 58,571 58,561 58,366
Employment-population ratio................. 74.6 73.7 73.8 75.0 74.5 74.6 74.5 74.5 74.2
Unemployed.................................... 1,993 2,360 2,326 1,706 1,802 1,768 1,923 1,926 1,991
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.9 3.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,622 51,019 51,195 50,370 50,335 50,527 50,794 50,854 50,910
Participation rate.......................... 60.7 60.7 60.9 60.4 60.0 60.2 60.5 60.6 60.6
Employed...................................... 48,966 49,303 49,564 48,754 48,825 48,973 49,270 49,155 49,318
Employment-population ratio................. 58.7 58.7 59.0 58.5 58.2 58.4 58.7 58.5 58.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,656 1,716 1,631 1,616 1,510 1,554 1,524 1,699 1,593
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,706 6,529 6,571 7,106 7,025 7,069 6,988 6,945 6,975
Participation rate.......................... 52.7 51.4 51.6 55.9 55.3 55.7 55.1 54.6 54.8
Employed...................................... 5,909 5,752 5,806 6,271 6,206 6,257 6,174 6,186 6,169
Employment-population ratio................. 46.5 45.3 45.6 49.3 48.9 49.3 48.7 48.7 48.5
Unemployed.................................... 797 778 765 835 819 812 814 760 806
Unemployment rate........................... 11.9 11.9 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.5 11.7 10.9 11.6
Men....................................... 12.1 14.3 12.3 11.6 12.4 12.2 13.3 12.6 11.8
Women..................................... 11.7 9.4 10.9 11.9 10.9 10.7 9.8 9.2 11.2
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,105 25,412 25,441 25,105 25,376 25,408 25,382 25,412 25,441
Civilian labor force............................ 16,466 16,511 16,699 16,550 16,732 16,742 16,773 16,691 16,789
Participation rate.......................... 65.6 65.0 65.6 65.9 65.9 65.9 66.1 65.7 66.0
Employed...................................... 15,231 15,192 15,264 15,312 15,485 15,470 15,372 15,440 15,348
Employment-population ratio................. 60.7 59.8 60.0 61.0 61.0 60.9 60.6 60.8 60.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,236 1,319 1,435 1,238 1,247 1,272 1,401 1,251 1,441
Unemployment rate........................... 7.5 8.0 8.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 8.4 7.5 8.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,252 7,317 7,349 7,301 7,397 7,437 7,430 7,374 7,404
Participation rate.......................... 72.2 71.8 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.9 73.0 72.4 72.6
Employed...................................... 6,762 6,770 6,722 6,815 6,888 6,897 6,918 6,887 6,776
Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 66.4 65.9 67.8 67.6 67.6 68.0 67.6 66.4
Unemployed.................................... 490 547 627 486 509 540 512 487 628
Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 7.5 8.5 6.7 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.6 8.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,333 8,305 8,450 8,298 8,325 8,333 8,340 8,336 8,418
Participation rate.......................... 66.2 65.1 66.2 66.0 65.4 65.4 65.4 65.3 65.9
Employed...................................... 7,815 7,799 7,916 7,781 7,808 7,861 7,731 7,854 7,885
Employment-population ratio................. 62.1 61.1 62.0 61.9 61.3 61.7 60.6 61.5 61.7
Unemployed.................................... 518 506 534 517 517 472 609 482 533
Unemployment rate........................... 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.7 7.3 5.8 6.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 881 889 900 951 1,010 972 1,002 981 968
Participation rate.......................... 35.6 36.1 36.5 38.4 41.0 39.5 40.8 39.8 39.2
Employed...................................... 653 623 626 716 789 712 723 699 688
Employment-population ratio................. 26.4 25.3 25.4 28.9 32.1 28.9 29.4 28.4 27.9
Unemployed.................................... 228 266 274 235 221 260 280 282 280
Unemployment rate........................... 25.9 29.9 30.5 24.7 21.9 26.7 27.9 28.8 28.9
Men....................................... 22.6 31.3 27.5 22.8 22.5 30.1 26.9 31.7 27.7
Women..................................... 29.3 28.6 33.3 26.7 21.3 23.4 28.9 25.7 30.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,166 22,830 22,889 22,166 22,687 22,749 22,769 22,830 22,889
Civilian labor force............................ 15,304 15,662 15,820 15,271 15,626 15,671 15,540 15,653 15,770
Participation rate.......................... 69.0 68.6 69.1 68.9 68.9 68.9 68.2 68.6 68.9
Employed...................................... 14,283 14,629 14,737 14,340 14,686 14,772 14,612 14,673 14,782
Employment-population ratio................. 64.4 64.1 64.4 64.7 64.7 64.9 64.2 64.3 64.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,021 1,034 1,083 931 940 899 927 980 988
Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.1 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.3
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,523 27,191 27,564 27,523 27,851 27,693 27,957 27,191 27,564
Civilian labor force.................... 11,801 11,732 12,008 11,884 11,958 11,822 12,008 12,074 12,103
Percent of population............... 42.9 43.1 43.6 43.2 42.9 42.7 43.0 44.4 43.9
Employed.............................. 10,896 10,706 11,053 11,092 11,171 11,077 11,193 11,140 11,267
Employment-population ratio......... 39.6 39.4 40.1 40.3 40.1 40.0 40.0 41.0 40.9
Unemployed............................ 905 1,026 955 792 787 745 816 934 836
Unemployment rate................... 7.7 8.7 8.0 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.8 7.7 6.9
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 58,033 57,617 57,660 58,033 57,562 57,899 58,092 57,617 57,660
Civilian labor force.................... 37,742 37,238 37,554 37,404 37,129 37,187 37,415 37,309 37,189
Percent of population............... 65.0 64.6 65.1 64.5 64.5 64.2 64.4 64.8 64.5
Employed.............................. 36,364 35,644 35,996 36,130 35,830 35,906 35,986 35,895 35,746
Employment-population ratio......... 62.7 61.9 62.4 62.3 62.2 62.0 61.9 62.3 62.0
Unemployed............................ 1,377 1,594 1,557 1,274 1,299 1,281 1,429 1,414 1,443
Unemployment rate................... 3.6 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,225 45,263 45,182 44,225 44,770 44,596 44,313 45,263 45,182
Civilian labor force.................... 32,898 33,414 33,386 32,762 32,776 33,045 33,102 33,079 33,241
Percent of population............... 74.4 73.8 73.9 74.1 73.2 74.1 74.7 73.1 73.6
Employed.............................. 31,929 32,423 32,424 31,876 31,897 32,141 32,121 32,197 32,360
Employment-population ratio......... 72.2 71.6 71.8 72.1 71.2 72.1 72.5 71.1 71.6
Unemployed............................ 969 991 961 886 879 904 981 882 881
Unemployment rate................... 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,838 46,167 45,979 44,838 45,706 45,839 45,790 46,167 45,979
Civilian labor force.................... 36,017 36,683 36,622 36,016 36,237 36,460 36,476 36,602 36,642
Percent of population............... 80.3 79.5 79.7 80.3 79.3 79.5 79.7 79.3 79.7
Employed.............................. 35,446 36,104 35,916 35,429 35,674 35,894 35,909 36,032 35,916
Employment-population ratio......... 79.1 78.2 78.1 79.0 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.0 78.1
Unemployed............................ 572 579 706 587 563 566 567 570 726
Unemployment rate................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,494 134,774 135,298 135,013 135,478 135,836 135,999 135,815 135,780
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,081 43,080 43,125 43,341 43,251 43,293 43,134 43,340 43,385
Married women, spouse present................... 33,915 34,059 34,216 33,765 33,633 33,635 34,249 34,059 34,080
Women who maintain families..................... 8,187 8,348 8,113 8,119 8,495 8,501 8,426 8,373 8,049
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,717 41,701 42,029 40,687 41,083 41,078 41,430 41,770 42,023
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,549 39,781 39,551 39,435 39,616 39,853 40,086 39,781 39,433
Service occupations............................. 18,636 18,301 18,325 18,609 18,471 18,550 18,158 18,283 18,289
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,491 14,746 14,776 14,603 14,748 14,848 14,889 14,970 14,895
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,965 17,439 17,637 18,336 18,184 18,171 18,092 17,889 17,999
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,135 2,806 2,979 3,498 3,238 3,357 3,372 3,252 3,321
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,841 1,587 1,725 2,037 2,005 2,019 1,983 1,839 1,910
Self-employed workers......................... 1,202 1,187 1,165 1,272 1,180 1,198 1,182 1,291 1,231
Unpaid family workers......................... 36 20 31 42 25 34 25 29 36
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,709 123,439 123,572 122,951 123,632 123,813 124,035 124,069 123,814
Government.................................. 19,677 19,523 19,363 19,451 19,146 19,352 18,843 19,103 19,134
Private industries.......................... 103,032 103,916 104,208 103,500 104,486 104,461 105,192 104,966 104,680
Private households........................ 1,002 830 918 967 827 879 859 823 881
Other industries.......................... 102,030 103,087 103,291 102,533 103,659 103,582 104,333 104,143 103,800
Self-employed workers......................... 8,600 8,393 8,661 8,712 8,533 8,600 8,698 8,617 8,784
Unpaid family workers......................... 106 147 145 101 128 121 110 142 138
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,306 3,424 3,338 3,139 3,416 3,234 3,327 3,273 3,164
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,955 2,209 2,040 1,836 2,183 1,964 2,035 2,043 1,914
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,029 947 961 972 886 896 954 933 907
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,540 20,010 19,467 18,723 18,896 18,993 18,568 19,021 18,647
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,169 3,291 3,182 3,002 3,285 3,088 3,227 3,143 3,007
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,888 2,129 1,954 1,770 2,082 1,882 1,971 1,970 1,828
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,008 932 940 942 871 877 945 910 877
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,002 19,583 18,966 18,159 18,323 18,437 18,040 18,509 18,132
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,692 5,936 6,088 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,328 2,527 2,728 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,247 2,288 2,233 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,117 1,121 1,127 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6 13.8
Married men, spouse present.................... 866 1,007 1,102 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5
Married women, spouse present.................. 947 912 949 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7
Women who maintain families.................... 575 541 532 6.6 5.2 5.1 6.4 6.1 6.2
Full-time workers.............................. 4,487 4,738 4,907 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2
Part-time workers.............................. 1,191 1,179 1,167 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 735 753 852 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,442 1,437 1,534 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 571 572 532 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,236 1,416 1,431 6.3 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.3 7.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 197 252 333 5.3 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.2 9.1
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,629 4,914 4,968 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.5
Goods-producing industries................... 1,308 1,488 1,513 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.3
Mining..................................... 14 27 19 2.7 3.5 3.6 2.2 4.6 3.5
Construction............................... 493 558 488 6.6 6.9 6.5 6.8 7.0 6.2
Manufacturing.............................. 801 903 1,006 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.5 5.0
Durable goods............................ 397 501 606 3.2 3.5 3.4 4.2 4.2 5.0
Nondurable goods......................... 404 402 400 4.9 3.9 4.0 4.3 5.0 5.0
Service-producing industries................. 3,321 3,426 3,455 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3
Transportation and public utilities........ 248 228 246 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.1
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,455 1,412 1,471 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 193 210 212 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6
Services................................... 1,425 1,575 1,525 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.1
Government workers............................. 359 295 408 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 131 186 244 6.0 9.4 8.9 9.0 9.2 11.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,527 2,732 2,447 2,764 2,531 2,440 2,613 2,797 2,674
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,003 2,115 2,282 1,743 1,796 1,852 1,977 1,669 1,992
15 weeks and over................................ 1,478 1,617 1,724 1,300 1,317 1,326 1,371 1,490 1,517
15 to 26 weeks................................ 815 891 1,002 655 713 675 731 793 814
27 weeks and over............................. 663 726 721 645 604 651 640 697 703
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.2 12.8 13.5 12.7 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.9 13.0
Median duration, in weeks........................ 7.0 6.6 7.7 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 42.1 42.3 37.9 47.6 44.8 43.4 43.8 47.0 43.2
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 33.3 32.7 35.4 30.0 31.8 33.0 33.2 28.0 32.2
15 weeks and over.............................. 24.6 25.0 26.7 22.4 23.3 23.6 23.0 25.0 24.5
15 to 26 weeks............................... 13.6 13.8 15.5 11.3 12.6 12.0 12.3 13.3 13.2
27 weeks and over............................ 11.0 11.2 11.2 11.1 10.7 11.6 10.7 11.7 11.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,769 3,309 3,336 2,463 2,501 2,514 2,742 2,853 2,963
On temporary layoff............................. 983 1,286 1,208 803 877 937 1,032 945 991
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,787 2,023 2,128 1,660 1,624 1,577 1,711 1,908 1,972
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,224 1,451 1,474 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 562 572 654 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 837 830 841 813 768 746 838 820 814
Reentrants........................................ 2,019 1,998 1,940 1,981 1,936 1,899 1,956 1,927 1,908
New entrants...................................... 382 327 336 428 429 466 446 372 386
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 46.1 51.2 51.7 43.3 44.4 44.7 45.8 47.8 48.8
On temporary layoff............................ 16.4 19.9 18.7 14.1 15.6 16.7 17.2 15.8 16.3
Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.7 31.3 33.0 29.2 28.8 28.0 28.6 32.0 32.5
Job leavers...................................... 13.9 12.8 13.0 14.3 13.6 13.3 14.0 13.7 13.4
Reentrants....................................... 33.6 30.9 30.1 34.8 34.4 33.8 32.7 32.3 31.4
New entrants..................................... 6.4 5.1 5.2 7.5 7.6 8.3 7.4 6.2 6.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
New entrants..................................... .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.1 1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.5 4.8 4.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 5.1 5.5 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.4 7.9 7.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,692 5,936 6,088 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,183 2,167 2,263 9.7 9.1 9.2 9.6 9.5 10.0
16 to 19 years................................ 1,117 1,121 1,127 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.8 13.6 13.8
16 to 17 years.............................. 511 555 502 15.3 15.4 15.8 17.4 17.2 16.0
18 to 19 years.............................. 602 550 624 12.0 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.0 12.3
20 to 24 years................................ 1,066 1,046 1,135 7.5 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.8
25 years and over............................... 3,523 3,766 3,844 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2
25 to 54 years................................ 3,042 3,262 3,373 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4
55 years and over............................. 480 519 481 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,879 3,187 3,315 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.4
16 to 24 years................................ 1,111 1,282 1,285 9.3 9.5 9.7 10.3 10.8 10.9
16 to 19 years.............................. 551 660 587 12.7 13.6 14.1 15.0 15.5 13.8
16 to 17 years............................ 275 306 250 15.6 17.5 18.4 20.5 18.5 15.6
18 to 19 years............................ 275 343 338 10.6 11.3 11.7 11.8 13.1 12.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 560 622 698 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.6 8.2 9.3
25 years and over............................. 1,777 1,891 2,046 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,497 1,619 1,745 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.3
55 years and over........................... 271 291 294 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,813 2,749 2,774 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2
16 to 24 years................................ 1,072 885 978 10.0 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.1 8.9
16 to 19 years.............................. 566 460 540 14.1 12.3 12.1 12.4 11.6 13.7
16 to 17 years............................ 236 250 252 15.0 13.4 13.2 14.1 15.7 16.4
18 to 19 years............................ 327 208 285 13.4 11.5 11.6 11.3 8.7 11.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 506 424 438 7.5 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.3
25 years and over............................. 1,746 1,875 1,798 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,545 1,643 1,628 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5
55 years and over........................... 209 228 188 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,552 69,421 25,614 26,238 42,938 43,183
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,461 4,103 1,977 1,878 2,484 2,225
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,209 1,104 663 592 546 512
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 257 350 149 217 108 134
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 952 754 514 375 438 378
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,707 7,609 4,010 3,917 3,697 3,692
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.9 5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,241 4,134 2,476 2,396 1,765 1,739
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,733 1,746 534 558 1,198 1,188
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 318 334 194 225 123 109
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,390 1,351 795 713 595 638
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 130,024 130,054 130,719 131,252 131,009 131,842 131,878 132,167 132,307 132,221
Total private.................... 109,080 109,612 109,823 110,260 110,462 111,437 111,443 111,657 111,718 111,636
Goods-producing......................... 25,221 25,027 24,940 24,980 25,738 25,635 25,569 25,641 25,554 25,487
Mining................................ 525 536 538 542 536 541 540 547 550 552
Metal mining........................ 44.1 43.1 42.0 40.4 45 43 44 43 42 41
Coal mining......................... 80.0 79.0 78.8 79.2 80 78 78 79 79 79
Oil and gas extraction.............. 295.3 314.7 317.5 319.3 300 311 311 317 321 324
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 106.0 99.2 99.8 103.2 111 109 107 108 108 108
Construction.......................... 6,288 6,372 6,361 6,469 6,726 6,734 6,717 6,874 6,881 6,893
General building contractors........ 1,436.7 1,475.9 1,473.6 1,476.5 1,508 1,523 1,527 1,545 1,546 1,543
Heavy construction, except building. 800.3 773.1 773.4 814.3 905 882 867 902 910 919
Special trade contractors........... 4,050.7 4,123.3 4,113.8 4,178.3 4,313 4,329 4,323 4,427 4,425 4,431
Manufacturing......................... 18,408 18,119 18,041 17,969 18,476 18,360 18,312 18,220 18,123 18,042
Production workers................ 12,640 12,362 12,301 12,249 12,683 12,564 12,515 12,442 12,364 12,296
Durable goods........................ 11,077 10,909 10,867 10,819 11,094 11,058 11,037 10,952 10,900 10,841
Production workers................ 7,576 7,418 7,388 7,351 7,580 7,546 7,520 7,453 7,411 7,360
Lumber and wood products............ 817.9 786.2 778.4 776.8 830 807 802 796 793 788
Furniture and fixtures.............. 555.9 546.0 541.0 539.2 555 554 552 547 541 539
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 556.3 548.1 546.2 549.1 568 563 561 567 562 560
Primary metal industries............ 701.4 676.2 672.1 667.0 701 690 683 676 671 666
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 227.3 215.3 214.5 213.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,527.4 1,516.7 1,502.1 1,491.8 1,528 1,535 1,530 1,517 1,504 1,493
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,129.2 2,118.3 2,106.3 2,091.7 2,124 2,127 2,124 2,118 2,104 2,088
Computer and office equipment..... 363.3 362.2 358.9 358.7 366 361 362 363 360 361
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,681.9 1,721.5 1,715.3 1,704.7 1,682 1,724 1,728 1,725 1,715 1,708
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 646.3 696.2 694.9 690.2 646 694 696 697 695 691
Transportation equipment............ 1,868.0 1,756.5 1,767.7 1,763.7 1,865 1,814 1,813 1,760 1,768 1,761
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,026.5 938.5 948.2 942.0 1,028 989 988 942 951 942
Aircraft and parts................ 465.3 454.3 455.8 457.8 467 455 456 452 454 457
Instruments and related products.... 844.0 852.8 852.0 849.7 844 850 851 855 854 851
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 395.3 386.6 385.6 385.3 397 394 393 391 388 387
Nondurable goods..................... 7,331 7,210 7,174 7,150 7,382 7,302 7,275 7,268 7,223 7,201
Production workers................ 5,064 4,944 4,913 4,898 5,103 5,018 4,995 4,989 4,953 4,936
Food and kindred products........... 1,635.6 1,638.8 1,635.8 1,631.9 1,671 1,667 1,666 1,671 1,670 1,669
Tobacco products.................... 33.9 38.1 37.2 35.0 35 37 37 36 35 36
Textile mill products............... 547.2 518.1 511.3 509.5 549 530 525 521 514 511
Apparel and other textile products.. 663.4 617.2 611.9 610.6 665 630 625 626 615 611
Paper and allied products........... 659.6 652.5 647.7 645.2 662 657 656 654 649 648
Printing and publishing............. 1,548.1 1,552.0 1,546.0 1,540.8 1,551 1,557 1,554 1,555 1,549 1,545
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,029.4 1,017.2 1,013.9 1,014.8 1,031 1,024 1,022 1,022 1,017 1,016
Petroleum and coal products......... 128.6 122.5 123.6 124.6 132 130 128 127 128 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,010.1 983.7 977.7 970.1 1,010 998 991 986 977 969
Leather and leather products........ 75.4 69.6 68.5 67.6 76 72 71 70 69 68
Service-producing....................... 104,803 105,027 105,779 106,272 105,271 106,207 106,309 106,526 106,753 106,734
Transportation and public utilities... 6,901 7,019 7,030 7,057 6,953 7,060 7,086 7,077 7,108 7,113
Transportation...................... 4,446 4,520 4,526 4,553 4,492 4,563 4,581 4,572 4,596 4,603
Railroad transportation........... 219.8 211.1 212.3 213.0 222 220 217 214 216 215
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 507.8 509.7 513.1 516.9 494 500 500 500 502 504
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,797.7 1,816.3 1,811.3 1,823.6 1,833 1,839 1,847 1,852 1,854 1,859
Water transportation.............. 189.7 195.0 194.8 198.2 197 206 206 205 205 206
Transportation by air............. 1,254.8 1,300.9 1,307.7 1,313.2 1,268 1,310 1,321 1,312 1,329 1,328
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.4 12.4 12.2 12.1 12 13 12 12 12 12
Transportation services........... 464.0 474.2 475.0 476.4 466 475 478 477 478 479
Communications and public utilities. 2,455 2,499 2,504 2,504 2,461 2,497 2,505 2,505 2,512 2,510
Communications.................... 1,599.5 1,648.2 1,654.1 1,656.4 1,602 1,644 1,653 1,651 1,658 1,659
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 855.8 851.0 849.4 847.7 859 853 852 854 854 851
Wholesale trade....................... 7,001 7,022 7,022 7,037 7,033 7,093 7,085 7,074 7,071 7,069
Durable goods....................... 4,171 4,174 4,173 4,174 4,185 4,206 4,201 4,192 4,192 4,188
Nondurable goods.................... 2,830 2,848 2,849 2,863 2,848 2,887 2,884 2,882 2,879 2,881
Retail trade.......................... 22,582 22,895 22,784 22,857 23,027 23,238 23,245 23,272 23,350 23,304
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,002.3 964.6 960.3 984.7 1,034 1,020 1,019 1,015 1,015 1,012
General merchandise stores.......... 2,658.5 2,737.9 2,636.3 2,627.9 2,756 2,770 2,742 2,702 2,728 2,721
Department stores................. 2,325.8 2,387.0 2,297.6 2,289.5 2,409 2,419 2,411 2,364 2,387 2,368
Food stores......................... 3,455.5 3,516.8 3,506.4 3,495.4 3,502 3,516 3,523 3,533 3,544 3,543
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,387.1 2,396.5 2,397.3 2,406.8 2,407 2,430 2,428 2,426 2,427 2,421
New and used car dealers.......... 1,102.2 1,114.2 1,116.0 1,119.7 1,105 1,120 1,121 1,122 1,122 1,122
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,149.5 1,227.3 1,186.3 1,185.2 1,188 1,211 1,217 1,224 1,230 1,226
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,101.1 1,142.5 1,125.1 1,127.1 1,111 1,130 1,137 1,136 1,134 1,137
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,866.9 7,798.2 7,887.0 7,984.5 8,000 8,097 8,111 8,132 8,153 8,128
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,961.3 3,110.9 3,084.8 3,045.3 3,029 3,064 3,068 3,104 3,119 3,116
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,571 7,619 7,632 7,662 7,621 7,647 7,661 7,676 7,689 7,706
Finance............................. 3,705 3,739 3,746 3,758 3,713 3,739 3,747 3,748 3,753 3,765
Depository institutions........... 2,049.0 2,031.6 2,029.4 2,033.0 2,054 2,033 2,035 2,033 2,033 2,037
Commercial banks................ 1,462.0 1,440.4 1,438.6 1,440.3 1,466 1,445 1,445 1,441 1,442 1,443
Savings institutions............ 243.2 236.5 235.9 235.8 243 237 237 237 236 236
Nondepository institutions........ 693.0 689.5 695.7 701.7 692 690 689 691 697 701
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 330.7 321.6 325.2 330.3 330 323 321 323 327 330
Security and commodity brokers.... 723.8 770.9 772.5 771.3 728 768 773 775 776 777
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 239.6 246.6 248.5 251.6 239 248 250 249 247 250
Insurance........................... 2,367 2,364 2,369 2,374 2,373 2,362 2,362 2,369 2,376 2,377
Insurance carriers................ 1,601.0 1,587.9 1,592.8 1,595.2 1,605 1,587 1,585 1,591 1,598 1,597
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 766.2 775.7 776.0 778.7 768 775 777 778 778 780
Real estate......................... 1,499 1,516 1,517 1,530 1,535 1,546 1,552 1,559 1,560 1,564
Services2............................. 39,804 40,030 40,415 40,667 40,090 40,764 40,797 40,917 40,946 40,957
Agricultural services............... 724.4 698.8 697.7 736.9 812 810 810 826 823 825
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,806.1 1,835.1 1,849.9 1,875.2 1,885 1,939 1,948 1,949 1,955 1,959
Personal services................... 1,328.7 1,337.0 1,364.3 1,359.7 1,265 1,288 1,292 1,285 1,285 1,293
Business services................... 9,527.4 9,542.6 9,520.4 9,526.3 9,681 9,823 9,751 9,775 9,744 9,673
Services to buildings............. 995.9 1,000.8 1,004.1 1,009.4 1,004 1,004 1,009 1,016 1,017 1,017
Personnel supply services......... 3,691.4 3,546.0 3,504.0 3,498.6 3,817 3,845 3,744 3,722 3,688 3,612
Help supply services............ 3,297.9 3,130.7 3,090.2 3,084.8 3,418 3,413 3,338 3,302 3,273 3,190
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,917.7 1,999.0 2,011.8 2,024.2 1,915 1,982 1,996 1,999 2,010 2,021
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,190.7 1,216.4 1,220.7 1,228.5 1,192 1,206 1,215 1,228 1,224 1,230
Miscellaneous repair services....... 381.7 379.2 378.7 380.6 384 386 383 384 383 383
Motion pictures..................... 627.9 632.0 636.3 633.6 630 631 639 640 638 635
Amusement and recreation services... 1,577.8 1,552.9 1,586.5 1,644.3 1,729 1,793 1,787 1,809 1,806 1,807
Health services..................... 10076.8 10237.3 10262.4 10298.3 10,091 10,208 10,229 10,260 10,287 10,313
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,914.9 1,963.5 1,966.4 1,972.4 1,920 1,953 1,960 1,966 1,973 1,976
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,787.1 1,795.6 1,799.3 1,806.2 1,791 1,793 1,796 1,801 1,803 1,809
Hospitals......................... 4,000.2 4,060.6 4,069.6 4,084.0 4,004 4,045 4,053 4,063 4,074 4,087
Home health care services......... 638.3 637.7 638.8 644.3 639 644 642 644 642 645
Legal services...................... 1,001.5 1,013.8 1,015.2 1,018.0 1,007 1,014 1,015 1,018 1,021 1,024
Educational services................ 2,473.9 2,324.2 2,541.0 2,564.1 2,329 2,365 2,389 2,388 2,409 2,421
Social services..................... 2,940.9 3,044.1 3,075.8 3,103.1 2,929 3,032 3,054 3,062 3,073 3,088
Child day care services........... 767.4 804.6 816.3 824.9 749 787 792 795 799 804
Residential care.................. 808.5 843.0 846.3 850.6 810 840 845 848 850 852
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 95.3 95.2 96.4 99.4 101 104 104 104 105 105
Membership organizations............ 2,426.6 2,413.8 2,428.1 2,440.5 2,440 2,450 2,450 2,450 2,448 2,453
Engineering and management services. 3,379.0 3,463.0 3,496.4 3,514.3 3,369 3,471 3,486 3,494 3,500 3,503
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 975.9 1,016.4 1,018.4 1,019.2 985 1,015 1,021 1,030 1,033 1,030
Management and public relations... 1,081.1 1,127.9 1,134.2 1,141.2 1,085 1,137 1,139 1,142 1,143 1,146
Services, nec....................... 53.0 52.5 52.9 52.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,944 20,442 20,896 20,992 20,547 20,405 20,435 20,510 20,589 20,585
Federal............................. 2,808 2,598 2,605 2,604 2,816 2,615 2,566 2,616 2,619 2,612
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,947.7 1,738.9 1,747.8 1,747.3 1,951 1,760 1,753 1,755 1,755 1,750
State............................... 4,859 4,674 4,886 4,922 4,733 4,748 4,769 4,759 4,794 4,794
Education......................... 2,125.6 1,924.2 2,122.9 2,151.8 1,982 1,977 1,990 1,982 2,008 2,007
Other State government............ 2,733.8 2,750.0 2,762.9 2,770.2 2,751 2,771 2,779 2,777 2,786 2,787
Local............................... 13,277 13,170 13,405 13,466 12,998 13,042 13,100 13,135 13,176 13,179
Education......................... 7,759.6 7,576.8 7,789.8 7,826.7 7,373 7,377 7,387 7,406 7,432 7,431
Other local government............ 5,517.6 5,593.4 5,615.2 5,638.9 5,625 5,665 5,713 5,729 5,744 5,748
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.2 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.5 34.3 34.1 34.3 34.2 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 40.9 40.0 39.6 40.0 41.2 40.5 39.8 40.4 40.0 40.3
Mining................................ 43.9 44.7 44.6 45.1 44.7 44.9 44.6 45.2 44.9 46.0
Construction.......................... 38.8 37.7 37.2 38.3 39.8 38.5 37.9 38.9 38.0 39.0
Manufacturing......................... 41.5 40.7 40.4 40.6 41.7 41.2 40.4 40.9 40.7 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8
Durable goods........................ 42.2 41.0 40.7 40.9 42.3 41.7 40.7 41.1 40.9 41.0
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.8 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8
Lumber and wood products............ 40.5 39.3 39.4 40.0 40.9 40.6 39.8 39.7 40.3 40.4
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.9 39.0 38.5 38.4 40.2 39.4 38.8 39.1 39.2 38.7
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.5 41.2 41.1 41.8 43.4 42.7 41.7 42.4 42.2 42.6
Primary metal industries............ 44.3 42.7 42.2 42.1 44.4 43.6 42.5 42.6 42.2 42.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.9 43.0 42.6 43.0 45.2 44.1 43.2 43.0 42.7 43.2
Fabricated metal products........... 42.2 41.3 40.9 41.0 42.5 41.7 40.6 41.4 41.2 41.2
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.4 42.0 41.4 41.5 42.3 42.0 41.2 41.9 41.4 41.4
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.7 40.6 40.2 40.0 41.8 40.9 40.4 40.6 40.4 40.1
Transportation equipment............ 43.8 41.4 41.1 41.9 43.7 42.9 40.8 41.5 41.2 41.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.9 40.8 40.5 41.4 44.6 43.2 40.1 40.9 40.4 41.2
Instruments and related products.... 41.2 40.8 40.8 40.7 41.2 41.0 40.4 40.7 40.6 40.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.5 38.9 38.9 39.0 39.4 39.1 38.8 39.3 39.1 38.9
Nondurable goods..................... 40.6 40.3 39.9 40.1 40.9 40.4 40.0 40.5 40.2 40.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9
Food and kindred products........... 40.9 41.0 40.3 40.5 41.6 41.2 40.7 41.3 41.1 41.1
Tobacco products.................... 38.8 37.9 37.9 37.1 40.0 38.6 38.6 38.8 39.1 38.0
Textile mill products............... 41.5 40.5 39.8 40.2 41.6 40.5 40.5 40.5 39.9 40.2
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.8 36.1 36.1 36.4 37.8 36.8 36.3 36.5 36.1 36.3
Paper and allied products........... 42.9 42.8 42.1 42.4 43.2 42.6 41.9 42.7 42.5 42.7
Printing and publishing............. 38.1 37.7 37.5 37.7 38.2 38.0 37.7 38.1 37.8 37.7
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.5 42.8 42.6 42.8 42.6 42.6 42.4 43.0 42.8 42.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.6 46.1 46.7 46.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 40.7 40.3 40.3 41.5 41.0 40.1 40.9 40.4 40.4
Leather and leather products........ 37.9 37.3 37.3 37.5 38.0 38.1 37.1 38.0 37.5 37.6
Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.4 32.6 32.5 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.0 38.2 38.2 37.9 38.3 38.5 38.7 38.7 38.4 38.2
Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.0 38.0 38.1 38.6 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.5
Retail trade.......................... 28.6 28.2 28.4 28.4 29.0 28.9 28.7 29.1 28.9 28.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.0 36.2 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.3
Services.............................. 32.5 32.3 32.6 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.59 $14.09 $14.15 $14.18 $464.78 $477.65 $479.69 $482.12
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.58 14.02 14.11 14.17 468.51 480.89 482.56 486.03
Goods-producing......................... 15.14 15.61 15.65 15.72 619.23 624.40 619.74 628.80
Mining................................ 17.28 17.22 17.27 17.31 758.59 769.73 770.24 780.68
Construction.......................... 17.54 18.21 18.26 18.30 680.55 686.52 679.27 700.89
Manufacturing......................... 14.22 14.62 14.65 14.69 590.13 595.03 591.86 596.41
Durable goods........................ 14.76 15.16 15.20 15.27 622.87 621.56 618.64 624.54
Lumber and wood products............ 11.62 11.93 11.92 11.94 470.61 468.85 469.65 477.60
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.59 11.99 12.03 12.05 462.44 467.61 463.16 462.72
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.03 14.48 14.54 14.56 596.28 596.58 597.59 608.61
Primary metal industries............ 16.34 16.63 16.56 16.65 723.86 710.10 698.83 700.97
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.49 19.48 19.25 19.29 875.10 837.64 820.05 829.47
Fabricated metal products........... 13.69 14.09 14.10 14.14 577.72 581.92 576.69 579.74
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.43 16.03 16.04 16.07 654.23 673.26 664.06 666.91
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.70 14.00 14.02 14.09 571.29 568.40 563.60 563.60
Transportation equipment............ 18.70 19.30 19.44 19.58 819.06 799.02 798.98 820.40
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.17 19.81 20.02 20.19 860.73 808.25 810.81 835.87
Instruments and related products.... 14.40 14.95 14.95 15.06 593.28 609.96 609.96 612.94
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.55 11.92 11.98 12.03 456.23 463.69 466.02 469.17
Nondurable goods..................... 13.37 13.79 13.80 13.81 542.82 555.74 550.62 553.78
Food and kindred products........... 12.27 12.63 12.57 12.61 501.84 517.83 506.57 510.71
Tobacco products.................... 19.10 18.16 18.79 19.98 741.08 688.26 712.14 741.26
Textile mill products............... 10.86 11.05 11.03 11.01 450.69 447.53 438.99 442.60
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.05 9.23 9.22 9.31 342.09 333.20 332.84 338.88
Paper and allied products........... 16.00 16.43 16.41 16.46 686.40 703.20 690.86 697.90
Printing and publishing............. 14.18 14.55 14.58 14.58 540.26 548.54 546.75 549.67
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.63 18.24 18.32 18.25 749.28 780.67 780.43 781.10
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.24 21.65 21.98 21.78 969.66 998.07 1026.47 1001.88
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.58 13.05 13.07 12.97 520.81 531.14 526.72 522.69
Leather and leather products........ 10.01 10.28 10.18 10.34 379.38 383.44 379.71 387.75
Service-producing....................... 13.11 13.64 13.71 13.72 427.39 441.94 446.95 445.90
Transportation and public utilities... $16.02 $16.56 $16.65 $16.63 $608.76 $632.59 $636.03 $630.28
Wholesale trade....................... 14.83 15.57 15.65 15.61 566.51 591.66 594.70 594.74
Retail trade.......................... 9.37 9.68 9.71 9.72 267.98 272.98 275.76 276.05
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.97 15.45 15.63 15.67 537.42 556.20 565.81 564.12
Services.............................. 13.77 14.35 14.42 14.43 447.53 463.51 470.09 468.98
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change
Industry 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001p 2001p from:
Feb. 2001-
Mar. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.58 $13.96 $14.02 $14.02 $14.11 $14.17 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.84 7.91 7.93 7.89 7.92 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.25 15.66 15.63 15.71 15.76 15.83 .4
Mining...................... 17.27 17.13 17.08 17.01 17.14 17.25 .6
Construction................ 17.67 18.20 18.14 18.33 18.36 18.43 .4
Manufacturing............... 14.23 14.63 14.60 14.59 14.67 14.70 .2
Excluding overtime4....... 13.47 13.90 13.93 13.89 13.99 14.04 .4
Service-producing............. 13.05 13.44 13.53 13.51 13.61 13.67 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.04 16.42 16.51 16.51 16.63 16.66 .2
Wholesale trade............. 14.90 15.46 15.57 15.51 15.63 15.71 .5
Retail trade................ 9.35 9.60 9.66 9.61 9.68 9.70 .2
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.95 15.27 15.34 15.43 15.57 15.64 .4
Services.................... 13.69 14.12 14.20 14.21 14.31 14.36 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .4 percent from January 2001 to February 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 147.6 146.6 147.2 148.1 151.0 151.5 150.6 151.9 151.3 151.4
Goods-producing......................... 113.7 109.7 108.2 109.7 117.7 114.7 112.2 114.6 112.7 113.4
Mining................................ 49.2 50.1 50.0 50.9 51.3 51.1 50.6 51.8 51.6 53.1
Construction.......................... 169.5 165.6 162.9 171.1 188.4 181.4 178.1 188.5 183.0 188.9
Manufacturing......................... 105.9 101.5 100.1 100.2 106.7 104.3 101.9 102.6 101.4 100.9
Durable goods........................ 111.5 106.2 104.9 104.9 111.8 109.7 106.7 107.0 105.9 105.3
Lumber and wood products............ 143.0 132.9 131.8 133.4 147.1 141.3 137.6 136.2 137.4 137.1
Furniture and fixtures.............. 138.7 132.1 129.4 128.7 139.3 135.6 132.6 132.7 131.5 129.6
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 110.9 104.7 104.0 106.5 116.2 112.8 108.7 112.0 110.7 111.0
Primary metal industries............ 92.4 85.6 84.0 83.1 92.4 89.4 86.2 85.3 83.8 83.0
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.5 64.9 63.9 63.8 71.8 68.9 66.7 64.8 64.4 64.4
Fabricated metal products........... 120.4 116.5 114.2 113.5 121.2 119.6 116.0 116.8 115.0 113.9
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.5 104.6 103.0 102.0 104.6 104.4 102.6 104.0 102.5 101.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 107.9 106.8 105.1 104.0 107.8 108.0 107.1 106.9 105.4 104.3
Transportation equipment............ 126.6 111.9 112.0 114.3 125.7 120.4 113.7 112.8 112.2 113.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 170.3 141.3 141.6 144.0 168.6 157.0 144.4 142.1 141.2 142.8
Instruments and related products.... 74.2 73.5 73.3 72.8 74.0 73.8 72.9 73.4 73.1 72.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 101.2 95.8 95.6 95.7 101.6 99.0 97.9 98.4 96.8 95.9
Nondurable goods..................... 98.3 95.2 93.6 93.8 99.7 97.0 95.4 96.6 95.2 95.0
Food and kindred products........... 112.2 113.0 110.8 111.1 116.9 115.6 114.2 116.4 116.0 115.8
Tobacco products.................... 43.4 49.3 47.4 43.2 45.6 47.8 47.8 46.1 44.5 45.2
Textile mill products............... 79.8 73.4 71.0 71.3 80.2 75.4 74.7 73.9 71.6 71.5
Apparel and other textile products.. 58.6 52.0 51.5 51.9 58.8 54.0 52.8 53.5 51.8 51.7
Paper and allied products........... 104.6 103.4 101.1 101.4 105.9 103.4 101.3 103.5 102.4 102.6
Printing and publishing............. 121.3 119.8 118.6 118.8 121.8 121.5 120.2 121.5 119.8 119.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 102.2 99.9 98.9 99.5 102.4 100.3 99.4 100.5 99.3 99.6
Petroleum and coal products......... 62.8 58.4 59.3 60.6 65.2 61.0 58.2 61.5 62.5 63.0
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.5 140.2 137.9 137.0 147.9 143.6 139.3 140.8 138.0 137.1
Leather and leather products........ 32.3 29.2 28.6 28.2 32.7 31.0 29.6 29.8 28.8 28.3
Service-producing....................... 162.8 163.2 164.8 165.4 165.9 168.0 167.9 168.7 168.6 168.4
Transportation and public utilities... 133.5 137.1 137.3 136.9 135.5 139.2 140.4 140.4 139.7 138.9
Wholesale trade....................... 130.6 130.3 130.1 130.8 132.8 134.0 133.2 133.5 132.4 132.8
Retail trade.......................... 139.6 139.5 139.4 140.1 144.6 145.4 144.4 146.5 146.0 144.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.0 138.5 139.8 139.5 138.7 139.8 140.3 140.7 141.0 141.6
Services.............................. 205.0 204.6 208.5 209.6 207.7 210.9 211.0 211.3 211.9 212.1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 53.7 55.2 50.6 53.4
2001.............. 52.4 p47.3 p45.1
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 58.4 50.8 52.1 52.9 52.1
2001.............. p50.6 p46.5
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 56.0 54.4 57.2 54.5 51.5 p50.7 p47.8
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 63.8 60.8 59.8 57.9 55.2 54.5 p54.4 p50.1
2001..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 38.8 45.7 42.8 40.6
2001.............. 38.8 p29.9 p30.6
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 36.3 28.8 35.3 36.0 32.7
2001.............. p25.2 p20.1
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 38.1 33.5 35.3 29.9 24.5 p23.4 p21.2
2001..............
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 44.6 39.2 39.2 34.2 29.9 29.1 p25.5 p20.5
2001..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: May 04, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_mar2001.htm
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