Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-157
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, June 1, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 2001
Nonfarm employment and the unemployment rate were little changed in May,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today. Manufacturing had another large job loss, which was mostly offset
by employment gains in other industries, including services, construction,
and finance, insurance, and real estate.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (6.2 million) and the unemployment
rate (4.4 percent) were little changed in May. The unemployment rate was
half a percentage point higher than its recent low of 3.9 percent in
October. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult men (3.9 percent),
adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), whites (3.8 percent),
blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (6.2 percent)--showed little or no change
over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment (135.1 million) edged down in May after seasonal
adjustment. The employment-population ratio decreased to 63.9 percent and
has fallen by 0.6 percentage point since January. The civilian labor force
dropped by 485,000 over the month to 141.3 million, seasonally adjusted,
and the labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population 16
years of age and older who are either working or looking for work--fell to
66.8 percent. (See table A-1.)
In May, 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of the employed,
down from 5.7 percent 1 year earlier. (See table A-10.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
| The establishment data in this release have been revised as a|
| result of the annual benchmarking process; the introduction of |
| probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and|
| manufacturing; and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. |
| More information on the revisions is contained in the note |
| beginning on page 5. |
------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Apr.-
Category | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | May
|________|________|________ _________________|change
| IV | I | Mar. | Apr. | May |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,208| 141,858| 141,868| 141,757| 141,272| -485
Employment..........| 135,593| 135,864| 135,780| 135,354| 135,103| -251
Unemployment........| 5,616| 5,994| 6,088| 6,402| 6,169| -233
Not in labor force....| 69,358| 69,171| 69,304| 69,592| 70,254| 662
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.2| 4.3| 4.5| 4.4| -0.1
Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.7| 3.8| 4.0| 3.9| -.1
Adult women.........| 3.4| 3.6| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| .0
Teenagers...........| 12.9| 13.7| 13.8| 14.2| 13.6| -.6
White...............| 3.5| 3.7| 3.7| 4.0| 3.8| -.2
Black...............| 7.5| 8.1| 8.6| 8.2| 8.0| -.2
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 6.2| 6.3| 6.5| 6.2| -.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 1/| Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,264| 132,559| 132,654|p132,472|p132,453| p-19
Goods-producing 2/..| 25,704| 25,621| 25,602| p25,414| p25,325| p-89
Construction......| 6,777| 6,878| 6,929| p6,851| p6,882| p31
Manufacturing.....| 18,378| 18,188| 18,116| p18,003| p17,879| p-124
Service-producing 2/| 106,560| 106,938| 107,052|p107,058|p107,128| p70
Retail trade......| 23,394| 23,448| 23,457| p23,518| p23,513| p-5
Services..........| 40,838| 41,026| 41,073| p40,995| p41,037| p42
Government........| 20,595| 20,673| 20,711| p20,746| p20,759| p13
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.3| 34.3| 34.3| p34.2| p34.3| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.1| 41.0| 41.0| p41.0| p40.8| p-.2
Overtime..........| 4.3| 4.1| 4.1| p3.9| p3.9| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.6| 152.0| 152.0| p151.5| p151.5| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 3/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.97| $14.10| $14.17| p$14.22| p$14.26| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 479.05| 484.21| 486.03| p486.32| p489.12| p2.80
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2000 bench-
marks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining,
construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment
factors.
2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in May, the same as a year earlier. These were
people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. In
May, the number of discouraged workers was 325,000. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.
(See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May at 132.5 million,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline of 182,000 (as revised) in
April. In May, manufacturing employment again fell sharply, and there were
continued job losses in wholesale trade. At the same time, several other
industries added jobs, including services, construction, and finance,
insurance, and real estate. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment dropped by 124,000 in May. Since last July,
job losses in manufacturing have totaled 675,000, with more than two-thirds
of the decline occurring since December. Declines in manufacturing were
widespread in May. The largest were in electronic equipment (26,000),
industrial machinery (18,000), motor vehicles (15,000), and fabricated
metals (15,000). Since December, employment in these four industries has
fallen by 248,000, a little over half of the total loss for manufacturing
this year.
Construction employment increased by 31,000 in May, after seasonal
adjustment, partially offsetting a decline of 78,000 in April. The average
monthly job gain in construction so far this year (18,000) has been the
same as the average for all of 2000.
Mining employment grew by 4,000 in May. Oil and gas extraction continued
on the upward trend that began in the fall of 1999; so far this year, the
industry has added 19,000 jobs and has accounted for all of the growth in
mining.
In the service-producing sector, employment in finance, insurance, and
real estate rose by 22,000 in May. Following losses in the first half of
2000, this industry has added 112,000 jobs since July. Over the month,
employment rose in nearly all the component industries. Mortgage banks and
brokerages continued to add jobs. Following 2 years of sustained job
losses, employment in commercial banks has risen for 3 consecutive months.
In contrast, employment in security brokerages has weakened in recent
months; the industry lost 3,000 jobs in May.
Services employment rose by only 42,000 in May, following a loss of
78,000 in April. Gains in educational services (26,000), health services
(23,000), social services (14,000), and agricultural services (13,000) were
largely offset by losses in business services (34,000) and motion pictures
(22,000). Within business services, employment in help supply services was
virtually unchanged in May. This follows a sharp downward trend from
October through April that lowered help supply employment by 346,000. In
May, job growth continued to slow in computer services, and engineering and
management services showed a small employment loss.
Retail trade employment was little changed in May, following a large
increase in April. Monthly employment gains in this industry so far this
year have averaged 21,000, slightly below the monthly average for all of
2000. In May, employment increased in building material stores, general
merchandise stores, and auto dealerships, while declines took place in
furniture, apparel, and food stores.
- 4 -
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 12,000 in May,
offsetting a decline in April. Growth in this industry has been sluggish
so far this year, with monthly job increases averaging 5,000, compared with
14,000 in 2000. In government, there was a small employment gain in local
education.
Wholesale trade employment continued on the downward trend that started
late last year. Declines in April (12,000) and May (14,000) were
particularly large. Most of the weakness in this industry has been in the
distribution of durable goods.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in May to 34.3 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 3.9 hours. Over the past 12 months,
the factory workweek has fallen by 0.8 hour and factory overtime by 0.7 hour.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 151.5 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted, and was virtually the same as a year earlier. The
manufacturing index fell by 1.5 percent in May to 99.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in May to $14.26, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.6 percent
to $489.12. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.3 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 4.0 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for June 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, July 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 5 -
Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample
Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau expanded the monthly
sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) to meet the requirements of
the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) legislation. This
legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the
number of children who live in low-income families and lack health insurance.
These estimates are obtained from the Annual Demographic Supplement to the
CPS. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample was one part of the Census
Bureau's plan for strengthening the SCHIP estimates. The monthly CPS sample
was increased in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and the total number
of households eligible for the survey rose from about 50,000 to about 60,000.
The additional households were introduced into the survey over a 3-month
period beginning in September 2000.
In the September 2000 Employment Situation news release (USDL 00-284),
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) stated that it would not use the
additional sample to produce the official national labor force estimates
prior to the release of July 2001 data in August. This delay would allow
BLS sufficient time to evaluate the differences, if any, between the
estimates obtained from the current 50,000-household sample and the
expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated the monthly data for the
November 2000-April 2001 period and found no significant differences in the
national labor force estimates derived from the two samples. Thus, BLS
plans to incorporate the additional sample into the July 2001 official
national estimates. Since estimates from the two samples were virtually
identical, household data for the first 6 months of 2001 will not be
revised.
The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article
discussing this sample expansion in more detail.
Revisions to Establishment Survey Data
In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have
been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs
(benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment
insurance tax records for March 2000; the benchmark process resulted in
revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 1999 forward, the time
period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted
data beginning with January 1996 also have been revised, in accordance with
the usual practice of revising 5 years of data.
In addition to the routine benchmark revisions, all estimates for the
mining and manufacturing industries from April 1999 forward have been
revised to incorporate a new sample design. Construction industry
estimates from April 2000 forward incorporate the new sample design. These
industries are the second group to convert to a probability-based sample
under a 4-year phase-in plan for the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
sample redesign project.
Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally
adjusted basis for the period January 2000 through April 2001. The revised
data for April 2000 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of
change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as
updated bias and net business birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal
adjustment factors. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2000 was
revised upward by 468,000 (432,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The
previously published level for April 2001 was revised upward by 405,000
(445,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis).
The June 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article
that discusses the benchmark, the post-benchmark revisions, and the
introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining,
construction, and manufacturing. (The article is available on the Internet
at the address shown below.) This issue also will provide revised seasonal
adjustment factors for March through October 2001 and revised estimates for
all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey
data on employment, hours, and earnings.
- 6 -
LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised
historical CES data. The data can be accessed through the CES homepage at
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by
calling 202-691-6555 or via the Internet on the CES homepage.
Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted,
January 2000-April 2001
(In thousands)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
Year and month | As previously | As revised | Difference
| published | |
-------------------|-----------------|------------------|---------------
2000: | | |
January........| 130,387 | 130,668 | 281
February.......| 130,482 | 130,843 | 361
March..........| 131,009 | 131,441 | 432
April..........| 131,419 | 131,683 | 264
May............| 131,590 | 131,909 | 319
June...........| 131,647 | 131,969 | 322
July...........| 131,607 | 131,899 | 292
August.........| 131,528 | 131,837 | 309
September......| 131,723 | 132,046 | 323
October........| 131,789 | 132,145 | 356
November.......| 131,842 | 132,279 | 437
December.......| 131,878 | 132,367 | 489
2001: | | |
January........| 132,167 | 132,428 | 261
February.......| 132,303 | 132,595 | 292
March..........| 132,250 | 132,654 | 404
April(p).......| 132,027 | 132,472 | 445
------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
- 7 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 8 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 9 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 10 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,371 211,348 211,525 209,371 210,889 211,026 211,171 211,348 211,525
Civilian labor force............................ 140,395 141,073 141,048 140,573 141,955 141,751 141,868 141,757 141,272
Participation rate........................ 67.1 66.7 66.7 67.1 67.3 67.2 67.2 67.1 66.8
Employed...................................... 134,961 135,122 135,202 134,843 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103
Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 63.9 63.9 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.3 64.0 63.9
Agriculture................................. 3,490 3,163 3,381 3,294 3,179 3,135 3,161 3,192 3,193
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,471 131,959 131,822 131,549 132,819 132,680 132,618 132,162 131,910
Unemployed.................................... 5,435 5,951 5,846 5,730 5,956 5,936 6,088 6,402 6,169
Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4
Not in labor force.............................. 68,975 70,275 70,477 68,798 68,934 69,275 69,304 69,592 70,254
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,989 4,451 5,161 4,386 4,417 4,455 4,174 4,368 4,535
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,566 101,593 101,684 100,566 101,357 101,428 101,504 101,593 101,684
Civilian labor force............................ 74,928 75,314 75,274 74,977 75,815 75,547 75,516 75,741 75,344
Participation rate........................ 74.5 74.1 74.0 74.6 74.8 74.5 74.4 74.6 74.1
Employed...................................... 72,199 71,987 72,131 72,049 72,589 72,359 72,201 72,245 71,978
Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 70.9 70.9 71.6 71.6 71.3 71.1 71.1 70.8
Unemployed.................................... 2,729 3,326 3,143 2,928 3,226 3,187 3,315 3,496 3,366
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,408 93,410 93,541 92,408 93,184 93,227 93,285 93,410 93,541
Civilian labor force............................ 70,691 71,409 71,360 70,662 71,492 71,288 71,261 71,575 71,351
Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.4 76.3 76.5 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.3
Employed...................................... 68,491 68,644 68,772 68,315 68,916 68,761 68,534 68,706 68,595
Employment-population ratio............... 74.1 73.5 73.5 73.9 74.0 73.8 73.5 73.6 73.3
Agriculture................................. 2,346 2,121 2,280 2,228 2,122 2,154 2,150 2,117 2,169
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,145 66,523 66,492 66,087 66,795 66,607 66,383 66,589 66,426
Unemployed.................................... 2,200 2,765 2,588 2,347 2,576 2,527 2,728 2,869 2,756
Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,805 109,756 109,842 108,805 109,532 109,598 109,667 109,756 109,842
Civilian labor force............................ 65,468 65,759 65,774 65,596 66,140 66,204 66,352 66,016 65,928
Participation rate........................ 60.2 59.9 59.9 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.5 60.1 60.0
Employed...................................... 62,762 63,135 63,071 62,794 63,410 63,456 63,578 63,109 63,125
Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.5 57.4 57.7 57.9 57.9 58.0 57.5 57.5
Unemployed.................................... 2,705 2,624 2,703 2,802 2,730 2,749 2,774 2,907 2,803
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,929 101,870 101,938 100,929 101,643 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938
Civilian labor force............................ 61,530 62,091 62,049 61,582 62,126 62,220 62,412 62,132 62,119
Participation rate........................ 61.0 61.0 60.9 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.0 60.9
Employed...................................... 59,322 59,915 59,804 59,264 59,894 59,932 60,178 59,741 59,766
Employment-population ratio............... 58.8 58.8 58.7 58.7 58.9 58.9 59.1 58.6 58.6
Agriculture................................. 881 844 860 846 852 839 819 847 822
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,442 59,071 58,943 58,418 59,042 59,093 59,359 58,895 58,943
Unemployed.................................... 2,208 2,175 2,245 2,318 2,232 2,288 2,233 2,390 2,353
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,034 16,068 16,046 16,034 16,063 16,113 16,108 16,068 16,046
Civilian labor force............................ 8,175 7,573 7,639 8,329 8,337 8,243 8,195 8,050 7,802
Participation rate........................ 51.0 47.1 47.6 51.9 51.9 51.2 50.9 50.1 48.6
Employed...................................... 7,147 6,563 6,627 7,264 7,188 7,122 7,067 6,907 6,742
Employment-population ratio............... 44.6 40.8 41.3 45.3 44.7 44.2 43.9 43.0 42.0
Agriculture................................. 263 198 240 220 205 143 191 229 201
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,884 6,365 6,386 7,044 6,983 6,980 6,876 6,678 6,541
Unemployed.................................... 1,027 1,010 1,013 1,065 1,149 1,121 1,127 1,143 1,060
Unemployment rate......................... 12.6 13.3 13.3 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,197 175,533 175,653 174,197 175,246 175,326 175,416 175,533 175,653
Civilian labor force............................ 117,156 117,572 117,491 117,329 118,276 118,287 118,243 118,145 117,688
Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.0 66.9 67.4 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.3 67.0
Employed...................................... 113,309 113,162 113,261 113,240 114,015 113,902 113,853 113,434 113,185
Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 64.5 64.5 65.0 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6 64.4
Unemployed.................................... 3,847 4,410 4,230 4,089 4,261 4,385 4,389 4,711 4,503
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,045 60,476 60,483 60,038 60,494 60,487 60,358 60,598 60,512
Participation rate.......................... 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.9 77.0 76.9 76.7 77.0 76.8
Employed...................................... 58,475 58,430 58,610 58,343 58,571 58,561 58,366 58,488 58,493
Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 74.2 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.5 74.2 74.3 74.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,571 2,047 1,873 1,695 1,923 1,926 1,991 2,110 2,019
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,188 50,623 50,535 50,276 50,794 50,854 50,910 50,697 50,611
Participation rate.......................... 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.2
Employed...................................... 48,665 49,005 48,951 48,633 49,270 49,155 49,318 48,907 48,902
Employment-population ratio................. 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.7 58.2 58.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,523 1,618 1,584 1,643 1,524 1,699 1,593 1,790 1,708
Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,924 6,473 6,473 7,015 6,988 6,945 6,975 6,850 6,566
Participation rate.......................... 54.5 50.7 50.7 55.2 55.1 54.6 54.8 53.7 51.4
Employed...................................... 6,170 5,728 5,700 6,264 6,174 6,186 6,169 6,039 5,790
Employment-population ratio................. 48.6 44.9 44.6 49.3 48.7 48.7 48.5 47.3 45.3
Unemployed.................................... 753 746 773 751 814 760 806 812 776
Unemployment rate........................... 10.9 11.5 11.9 10.7 11.7 10.9 11.6 11.8 11.8
Men....................................... 10.6 12.5 12.7 10.9 13.3 12.6 11.8 12.8 13.1
Women..................................... 11.2 10.4 11.1 10.5 9.8 9.2 11.2 10.8 10.5
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,161 25,472 25,501 25,161 25,382 25,412 25,441 25,472 25,501
Civilian labor force............................ 16,549 16,576 16,608 16,577 16,773 16,691 16,789 16,666 16,639
Participation rate.......................... 65.8 65.1 65.1 65.9 66.1 65.7 66.0 65.4 65.2
Employed...................................... 15,268 15,334 15,314 15,264 15,372 15,440 15,348 15,299 15,311
Employment-population ratio................. 60.7 60.2 60.1 60.7 60.6 60.8 60.3 60.1 60.0
Unemployed.................................... 1,281 1,242 1,294 1,313 1,401 1,251 1,441 1,367 1,328
Unemployment rate........................... 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.4 7.5 8.6 8.2 8.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,288 7,346 7,288 7,273 7,430 7,374 7,404 7,369 7,275
Participation rate.......................... 72.3 71.9 71.3 72.2 73.0 72.4 72.6 72.2 71.2
Employed...................................... 6,783 6,775 6,750 6,755 6,918 6,887 6,776 6,761 6,723
Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 66.3 66.0 67.0 68.0 67.6 66.4 66.2 65.8
Unemployed.................................... 505 572 539 518 512 487 628 608 552
Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 7.8 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.6 8.5 8.2 7.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,350 8,377 8,425 8,348 8,340 8,336 8,418 8,353 8,421
Participation rate.......................... 66.2 65.5 65.8 66.2 65.4 65.3 65.9 65.3 65.8
Employed...................................... 7,786 7,940 7,882 7,786 7,731 7,854 7,885 7,892 7,882
Employment-population ratio................. 61.7 62.1 61.6 61.7 60.6 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.6
Unemployed.................................... 564 437 542 562 609 482 533 460 539
Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 5.2 6.4 6.7 7.3 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 912 853 895 956 1,002 981 968 944 942
Participation rate.......................... 36.9 34.5 36.1 38.7 40.8 39.8 39.2 38.2 38.0
Employed...................................... 699 620 682 723 723 699 688 646 706
Employment-population ratio................. 28.3 25.1 27.5 29.3 29.4 28.4 27.9 26.1 28.5
Unemployed.................................... 213 234 213 233 280 282 280 299 236
Unemployment rate........................... 23.4 27.4 23.8 24.4 27.9 28.8 28.9 31.6 25.1
Men....................................... 24.7 30.8 27.2 27.4 26.9 31.7 27.7 34.9 30.0
Women..................................... 22.1 24.4 20.6 21.5 28.9 25.7 30.2 28.6 20.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,292 22,957 23,021 22,292 22,769 22,830 22,889 22,957 23,021
Civilian labor force............................ 15,275 15,712 15,592 15,294 15,540 15,653 15,770 15,775 15,608
Participation rate.......................... 68.5 68.4 67.7 68.6 68.2 68.6 68.9 68.7 67.8
Employed...................................... 14,475 14,761 14,707 14,411 14,612 14,673 14,782 14,747 14,634
Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 64.3 63.9 64.6 64.2 64.3 64.6 64.2 63.6
Unemployed.................................... 800 951 885 883 927 980 988 1,028 975
Unemployment rate........................... 5.2 6.1 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.2
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,096 28,326 28,350 28,096 27,957 27,191 27,564 28,326 28,350
Civilian labor force.................... 11,966 12,379 12,297 11,966 12,008 12,074 12,103 12,371 12,319
Percent of population............... 42.6 43.7 43.4 42.6 43.0 44.4 43.9 43.7 43.5
Employed.............................. 11,225 11,581 11,580 11,144 11,193 11,140 11,267 11,558 11,523
Employment-population ratio......... 40.0 40.9 40.8 39.7 40.0 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.6
Unemployed............................ 740 798 716 822 816 934 836 813 797
Unemployment rate................... 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.9 6.8 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.5
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,746 57,456 57,456 57,746 58,092 57,617 57,660 57,456 57,456
Civilian labor force.................... 37,406 37,186 37,146 37,187 37,415 37,309 37,189 37,053 36,952
Percent of population............... 64.8 64.7 64.7 64.4 64.4 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3
Employed.............................. 36,218 35,828 35,826 35,881 35,986 35,895 35,746 35,650 35,507
Employment-population ratio......... 62.7 62.4 62.4 62.1 61.9 62.3 62.0 62.0 61.8
Unemployed............................ 1,188 1,358 1,320 1,306 1,429 1,414 1,443 1,403 1,446
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,153 44,653 44,576 44,153 44,313 45,263 45,182 44,653 44,576
Civilian labor force.................... 32,760 32,891 32,980 32,964 33,102 33,079 33,241 33,044 33,192
Percent of population............... 74.2 73.7 74.0 74.7 74.7 73.1 73.6 74.0 74.5
Employed.............................. 31,970 31,937 32,059 32,105 32,121 32,197 32,360 32,065 32,188
Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.5 71.9 72.7 72.5 71.1 71.6 71.8 72.2
Unemployed............................ 790 954 921 859 981 882 881 978 1,004
Unemployment rate................... 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,029 46,045 46,271 45,029 45,790 46,167 45,979 46,045 46,271
Civilian labor force.................... 36,005 36,633 36,692 35,994 36,476 36,602 36,642 36,646 36,687
Percent of population............... 80.0 79.6 79.3 79.9 79.7 79.3 79.7 79.6 79.3
Employed.............................. 35,469 35,909 35,987 35,409 35,909 36,032 35,916 35,802 35,915
Employment-population ratio......... 78.8 78.0 77.8 78.6 78.4 78.0 78.1 77.8 77.6
Unemployed............................ 536 724 704 585 567 570 726 845 771
Unemployment rate................... 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,961 135,122 135,202 134,843 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,043 43,386 43,471 43,306 43,134 43,340 43,385 43,516 43,733
Married women, spouse present................... 33,820 33,830 33,787 33,723 34,249 34,059 34,080 33,662 33,686
Women who maintain families..................... 8,343 8,200 8,319 8,335 8,426 8,373 8,049 8,160 8,319
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,833 41,836 41,984 40,854 41,430 41,770 42,023 41,841 41,996
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,458 39,053 38,743 39,470 40,086 39,781 39,433 39,014 38,743
Service occupations............................. 18,199 18,331 18,260 18,175 18,158 18,283 18,289 18,258 18,224
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,941 14,760 15,007 14,886 14,889 14,970 14,895 14,834 14,962
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,885 17,917 17,736 18,047 18,092 17,889 17,999 18,127 17,904
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,645 3,225 3,472 3,410 3,372 3,252 3,321 3,238 3,251
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,142 1,906 2,080 2,013 1,983 1,839 1,910 1,902 1,958
Self-employed workers......................... 1,310 1,218 1,264 1,246 1,182 1,291 1,231 1,223 1,201
Unpaid family workers......................... 37 39 36 38 25 29 36 47 38
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,644 123,186 123,166 122,871 124,035 124,069 123,814 123,395 123,416
Government.................................. 19,130 19,118 19,106 19,084 18,843 19,103 19,134 18,854 19,067
Private industries.......................... 103,514 104,068 104,061 103,787 105,192 104,966 104,680 104,541 104,349
Private households........................ 938 820 792 934 859 823 881 812 789
Other industries.......................... 102,576 103,249 103,268 102,853 104,333 104,143 103,800 103,729 103,559
Self-employed workers......................... 8,740 8,677 8,555 8,708 8,698 8,617 8,784 8,608 8,530
Unpaid family workers......................... 87 96 100 89 110 142 138 93 103
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,140 3,108 3,270 3,240 3,327 3,273 3,164 3,201 3,371
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,846 2,049 2,094 1,953 2,035 2,043 1,914 2,097 2,215
Could only find part-time work.............. 986 863 917 972 954 933 907 873 900
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,851 19,143 18,897 18,513 18,568 19,021 18,647 18,713 18,581
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 3,003 2,972 3,124 3,077 3,227 3,143 3,007 3,061 3,197
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,743 1,953 1,989 1,831 1,971 1,970 1,828 1,985 2,089
Could only find part-time work.............. 965 850 891 952 945 910 877 864 876
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,281 18,576 18,368 17,957 18,040 18,509 18,132 18,176 18,061
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,730 6,402 6,169 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,347 2,869 2,756 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,318 2,390 2,353 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,065 1,143 1,060 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6
Married men, spouse present.................... 841 1,094 1,162 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6
Married women, spouse present.................. 978 1,004 1,015 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9
Women who maintain families.................... 557 548 547 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2
Full-time workers.............................. 4,537 5,048 5,059 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3
Part-time workers.............................. 1,210 1,338 1,104 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.5 4.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 736 908 826 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,492 1,661 1,504 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 532 703 702 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,212 1,328 1,413 6.3 7.1 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 200 262 247 5.5 6.5 7.2 9.1 7.5 7.1
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,491 5,090 4,916 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
Goods-producing industries................... 1,221 1,533 1,522 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3
Mining..................................... 22 32 34 4.1 2.2 4.6 3.5 5.1 5.5
Construction............................... 452 577 525 5.9 6.8 7.0 6.2 7.1 6.6
Manufacturing.............................. 747 924 963 3.7 4.2 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.8
Durable goods............................ 447 522 604 3.6 4.2 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.9
Nondurable goods......................... 300 402 359 3.8 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.7
Service-producing industries................. 3,270 3,557 3,394 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2
Transportation and public utilities........ 250 333 315 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 3.8
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,404 1,467 1,448 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 197 222 188 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3
Services................................... 1,419 1,534 1,443 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9
Government workers............................. 390 437 383 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.0
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 161 193 175 7.4 9.0 9.2 11.3 9.2 8.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,516 2,532 2,652 2,536 2,613 2,797 2,674 2,958 2,679
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,563 1,799 1,673 1,901 1,977 1,669 1,992 1,977 2,028
15 weeks and over................................ 1,356 1,620 1,521 1,325 1,371 1,490 1,517 1,499 1,484
15 to 26 weeks................................ 731 897 917 670 731 793 814 759 852
27 weeks and over............................. 625 723 604 655 640 697 703 740 632
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.8 13.1 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.9 13.0 12.6 12.2
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.3 42.5 45.4 44.0 43.8 47.0 43.2 46.0 43.3
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 28.8 30.2 28.6 33.0 33.2 28.0 32.2 30.7 32.8
15 weeks and over.............................. 25.0 27.2 26.0 23.0 23.0 25.0 24.5 23.3 24.0
15 to 26 weeks............................... 13.5 15.1 15.7 11.6 12.3 13.3 13.2 11.8 13.8
27 weeks and over............................ 11.5 12.2 10.3 11.4 10.7 11.7 11.4 11.5 10.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,182 2,982 2,802 2,460 2,742 2,853 2,963 3,199 3,159
On temporary layoff............................. 646 1,000 801 875 1,032 945 991 1,053 1,084
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,536 1,981 2,001 1,585 1,711 1,908 1,972 2,146 2,075
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,060 1,455 1,502 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 476 526 499 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 694 722 733 776 838 820 814 749 820
Reentrants........................................ 2,108 1,836 1,856 2,052 1,956 1,927 1,908 2,005 1,801
New entrants...................................... 451 411 455 477 446 372 386 462 482
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 40.2 50.1 47.9 42.7 45.8 47.8 48.8 49.9 50.4
On temporary layoff............................ 11.9 16.8 13.7 15.2 17.2 15.8 16.3 16.4 17.3
Not on temporary layoff........................ 28.3 33.3 34.2 27.5 28.6 32.0 32.5 33.5 33.1
Job leavers...................................... 12.8 12.1 12.5 13.5 14.0 13.7 13.4 11.7 13.1
Reentrants....................................... 38.8 30.9 31.7 35.6 32.7 32.3 31.4 31.3 28.8
New entrants..................................... 8.3 6.9 7.8 8.3 7.4 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2
Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 1.1 1.1 .9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.1 4.5 4.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.6 5.0 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.8 7.2 7.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,730 6,402 6,169 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,189 2,349 2,198 9.7 9.6 9.5 10.0 10.4 9.9
16 to 19 years................................ 1,065 1,143 1,060 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6
16 to 17 years.............................. 517 518 486 15.8 17.4 17.2 16.0 16.7 15.5
18 to 19 years.............................. 549 626 569 10.8 11.5 11.0 12.3 12.6 12.2
20 to 24 years................................ 1,124 1,206 1,138 7.9 7.2 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.9
25 years and over............................... 3,540 4,043 3,981 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3
25 to 54 years................................ 3,112 3,472 3,545 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5
55 years and over............................. 450 517 483 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,928 3,496 3,366 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5
16 to 24 years................................ 1,182 1,293 1,264 10.0 10.3 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0
16 to 19 years.............................. 581 627 610 13.5 15.0 15.5 13.8 15.1 15.3
16 to 17 years............................ 284 305 273 16.8 20.5 18.5 15.6 18.7 17.4
18 to 19 years............................ 300 326 336 11.4 11.8 13.1 12.7 12.8 13.9
20 to 24 years.............................. 601 666 654 8.1 7.6 8.2 9.3 8.7 8.7
25 years and over............................. 1,762 2,208 2,125 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,510 1,900 1,850 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5
55 years and over........................... 257 298 296 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,802 2,907 2,803 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3
16 to 24 years................................ 1,007 1,055 934 9.4 8.8 8.1 8.9 9.8 8.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 484 516 450 12.1 12.4 11.6 13.7 13.3 11.8
16 to 17 years............................ 233 213 213 14.8 14.1 15.7 16.4 14.5 13.6
18 to 19 years............................ 249 300 234 10.2 11.3 8.7 11.9 12.4 10.4
20 to 24 years.............................. 523 539 485 7.8 6.7 6.1 6.3 7.8 7.1
25 years and over............................. 1,778 1,834 1,856 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,602 1,572 1,695 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6
55 years and over........................... 193 219 186 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
May May May May May May
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,975 70,477 25,638 26,410 43,337 44,067
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,989 5,161 2,222 2,352 2,767 2,810
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,116 1,149 538 639 578 510
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 282 325 163 236 119 89
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 834 824 375 403 459 421
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,710 7,482 4,059 3,880 3,650 3,602
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,319 3,942 2,531 2,270 1,788 1,672
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,590 1,640 517 540 1,072 1,100
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 278 274 206 184 72 91
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,460 1,585 777 879 683 705
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 132,527 131,703 132,357 133,067 131,909 132,428 132,595 132,654 132,472 132,453
Total private.................... 110,996 110,569 111,194 111,885 110,795 111,799 111,915 111,943 111,726 111,694
Goods-producing......................... 25,713 25,099 25,190 25,348 25,683 25,633 25,627 25,602 25,414 25,325
Mining................................ 542 548 554 563 542 550 555 557 560 564
Metal mining........................ 40.7 37.0 36.7 36.6 41 39 39 38 37 37
Coal mining......................... 78.4 75.8 75.6 76.0 78 75 75 75 75 76
Oil and gas extraction.............. 307.1 326.8 330.2 336.4 310 325 328 331 336 339
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 115.3 108.0 111.4 114.1 113 111 113 113 112 112
Construction.......................... 6,706 6,526 6,708 6,938 6,648 6,826 6,880 6,929 6,851 6,882
General building contractors........ 1,514.5 1,484.3 1,511.3 1,550.6 1,520 1,538 1,555 1,552 1,548 1,557
Heavy construction, except building. 926.1 837.6 897.4 952.3 894 921 930 938 913 920
Special trade contractors........... 4,265.3 4,204.2 4,299.1 4,434.9 4,234 4,367 4,395 4,439 4,390 4,405
Manufacturing......................... 18,465 18,025 17,928 17,847 18,493 18,257 18,192 18,116 18,003 17,879
Production workers................ 12,655 12,186 12,111 12,033 12,678 12,394 12,323 12,254 12,162 12,056
Durable goods........................ 11,134 10,902 10,842 10,770 11,136 11,031 10,997 10,941 10,870 10,775
Production workers................ 7,608 7,333 7,296 7,229 7,606 7,462 7,415 7,358 7,308 7,229
Lumber and wood products............ 834.0 783.1 789.8 793.1 838 806 799 799 801 797
Furniture and fixtures.............. 556.5 547.2 543.5 537.2 558 552 549 548 543 539
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 583.0 567.0 573.8 577.5 579 579 578 578 577 574
Primary metal industries............ 697.6 670.1 664.1 655.3 699 681 679 671 666 657
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 224.5 214.6 213.0 211.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,536.1 1,504.0 1,496.4 1,485.1 1,537 1,526 1,514 1,509 1,502 1,487
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,114.0 2,086.6 2,070.7 2,055.2 2,113 2,117 2,105 2,084 2,072 2,054
Computer and office equipment..... 353.2 367.1 363.2 362.0 355 369 370 369 367 364
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,701.8 1,708.7 1,678.3 1,652.4 1,707 1,735 1,726 1,715 1,684 1,658
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 667.1 700.0 683.9 670.1 669 714 711 702 686 672
Transportation equipment............ 1,872.9 1,777.2 1,772.4 1,763.5 1,866 1,772 1,786 1,775 1,769 1,757
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,029.9 953.9 951.4 940.6 1,025 952 967 956 951 936
Aircraft and parts................ 466.6 465.3 463.4 464.8 467 462 464 465 464 465
Instruments and related products.... 845.8 868.7 865.2 866.8 847 870 871 871 867 868
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 392.0 389.2 387.9 384.2 392 393 390 391 389 384
Nondurable goods..................... 7,331 7,123 7,086 7,077 7,357 7,226 7,195 7,175 7,133 7,104
Production workers................ 5,047 4,853 4,815 4,804 5,072 4,932 4,908 4,896 4,854 4,827
Food and kindred products........... 1,664.1 1,653.4 1,651.0 1,660.5 1,688 1,684 1,686 1,687 1,686 1,684
Tobacco products.................... 33.0 31.4 31.2 31.1 35 32 31 32 32 33
Textile mill products............... 534.2 490.3 485.9 478.1 534 505 496 494 487 478
Apparel and other textile products.. 644.0 589.2 581.8 582.7 641 599 595 590 581 580
Paper and allied products........... 655.5 639.5 636.7 636.3 658 651 645 642 640 639
Printing and publishing............. 1,543.0 1,519.2 1,507.6 1,499.9 1,546 1,534 1,529 1,524 1,512 1,504
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,039.0 1,038.3 1,034.3 1,031.5 1,038 1,039 1,039 1,039 1,036 1,030
Petroleum and coal products......... 129.0 123.3 126.6 127.0 128 127 127 126 127 127
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,016.8 970.7 965.0 963.3 1,017 987 979 973 966 963
Leather and leather products........ 72.6 68.1 65.7 66.2 72 68 68 68 66 66
Service-producing....................... 106,814 106,604 107,167 107,719 106,226 106,795 106,968 107,052 107,058 107,128
Transportation and public utilities... 6,998 7,069 7,085 7,131 6,997 7,106 7,123 7,127 7,119 7,131
Transportation...................... 4,514 4,542 4,551 4,592 4,511 4,580 4,591 4,591 4,577 4,589
Railroad transportation........... 235.6 228.4 229.7 230.5 235 229 231 230 230 230
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 493.8 493.6 491.3 500.8 476 479 480 480 477 482
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,843.9 1,836.6 1,841.2 1,859.1 1,852 1,868 1,870 1,872 1,864 1,868
Water transportation.............. 197.1 193.2 199.4 205.9 195 201 200 201 202 204
Transportation by air............. 1,261.1 1,301.0 1,300.1 1,306.7 1,270 1,312 1,318 1,316 1,313 1,316
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 13.2 13.6 13.8 14 14 14 13 14 14
Transportation services........... 468.9 475.5 475.6 475.5 469 477 478 479 477 475
Communications and public utilities. 2,484 2,527 2,534 2,539 2,486 2,526 2,532 2,536 2,542 2,542
Communications.................... 1,634.9 1,685.0 1,691.5 1,695.2 1,635 1,679 1,685 1,690 1,695 1,696
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 849.3 842.0 842.5 843.9 851 847 847 846 847 846
Wholesale trade....................... 7,009 7,030 7,035 7,042 7,006 7,067 7,064 7,066 7,054 7,040
Durable goods....................... 4,192 4,181 4,179 4,175 4,193 4,198 4,198 4,196 4,189 4,177
Nondurable goods.................... 2,817 2,849 2,856 2,867 2,813 2,869 2,866 2,870 2,865 2,863
Retail trade.......................... 23,271 23,021 23,276 23,536 23,247 23,415 23,472 23,457 23,518 23,513
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,065.8 977.6 1,019.2 1,057.4 1,019 1,007 1,007 1,006 1,000 1,011
General merchandise stores.......... 2,749.9 2,700.3 2,704.9 2,723.1 2,837 2,789 2,807 2,797 2,800 2,808
Department stores................. 2,412.1 2,368.8 2,370.8 2,385.4 2,488 2,448 2,462 2,451 2,455 2,461
Food stores......................... 3,503.9 3,502.8 3,517.2 3,525.3 3,521 3,538 3,548 3,550 3,555 3,542
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,413.7 2,402.1 2,415.3 2,434.4 2,407 2,424 2,424 2,420 2,419 2,428
New and used car dealers.......... 1,111.2 1,121.0 1,120.7 1,126.3 1,111 1,124 1,124 1,124 1,121 1,127
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,159.6 1,188.0 1,194.5 1,195.2 1,187 1,221 1,227 1,228 1,226 1,223
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,118.3 1,136.1 1,129.9 1,121.9 1,130 1,147 1,146 1,147 1,141 1,134
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,229.5 8,031.9 8,201.4 8,357.1 8,080 8,157 8,171 8,158 8,214 8,209
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,030.2 3,082.1 3,093.7 3,121.3 3,066 3,132 3,142 3,151 3,163 3,158
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,546 7,579 7,598 7,644 7,550 7,594 7,609 7,618 7,626 7,648
Finance............................. 3,689 3,749 3,749 3,760 3,697 3,738 3,748 3,755 3,760 3,769
Depository institutions........... 2,024.4 2,023.5 2,026.9 2,031.6 2,029 2,024 2,025 2,028 2,032 2,036
Commercial banks................ 1,427.4 1,415.4 1,417.6 1,420.8 1,432 1,418 1,417 1,418 1,421 1,425
Savings institutions............ 253.0 253.4 253.9 254.7 253 253 254 254 254 255
Nondepository institutions........ 679.0 687.7 689.2 695.8 679 678 683 686 690 696
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 309.0 305.7 307.4 313.6 307 301 304 306 307 312
Security and commodity brokers.... 736.2 776.3 773.5 772.4 740 777 781 781 780 777
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 249.0 261.0 259.7 260.4 249 259 259 260 258 260
Insurance........................... 2,345 2,351 2,352 2,359 2,348 2,346 2,351 2,353 2,357 2,360
Insurance carriers................ 1,590.4 1,592.5 1,592.8 1,598.1 1,592 1,588 1,592 1,593 1,597 1,599
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 755.0 758.8 759.5 760.7 756 758 759 760 760 761
Real estate......................... 1,512 1,479 1,497 1,525 1,505 1,510 1,510 1,510 1,509 1,519
Services2............................. 40,459 40,771 41,010 41,184 40,312 40,984 41,020 41,073 40,995 41,037
Agricultural services............... 850.2 741.8 840.4 894.8 795 818 821 828 824 837
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,917.2 1,874.7 1,897.1 1,949.8 1,905 1,952 1,957 1,960 1,946 1,938
Personal services................... 1,220.0 1,333.2 1,333.9 1,253.2 1,240 1,261 1,261 1,265 1,265 1,274
Business services................... 9,792.4 9,651.5 9,607.7 9,655.3 9,830 9,888 9,851 9,822 9,732 9,698
Services to buildings............. 994.2 999.4 1,006.4 1,014.9 991 1,007 1,007 1,007 1,008 1,012
Personnel supply services......... 3,870.4 3,556.4 3,504.7 3,557.5 3,902 3,779 3,731 3,694 3,600 3,591
Help supply services............ 3,478.0 3,163.3 3,111.3 3,167.3 3,514 3,372 3,339 3,293 3,201 3,202
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,076.0 2,199.4 2,202.7 2,200.1 2,080 2,176 2,186 2,195 2,202 2,205
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,238.7 1,297.2 1,299.0 1,308.8 1,238 1,291 1,291 1,298 1,298 1,308
Miscellaneous repair services....... 366.1 361.2 364.4 363.6 365 365 365 364 365 363
Motion pictures..................... 596.1 604.0 610.8 593.4 595 600 600 605 614 592
Amusement and recreation services... 1,805.1 1,613.6 1,727.9 1,845.2 1,720 1,769 1,772 1,775 1,755 1,759
Health services..................... 10052.5 10247.4 10262.6 10289.2 10,063 10,211 10,236 10,259 10,278 10,301
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,917.3 1,958.5 1,964.3 1,972.6 1,919 1,953 1,958 1,962 1,967 1,974
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,789.6 1,809.7 1,811.2 1,810.6 1,793 1,806 1,808 1,811 1,816 1,814
Hospitals......................... 3,969.6 4,052.8 4,055.1 4,064.7 3,977 4,035 4,045 4,055 4,061 4,072
Home health care services......... 644.5 646.7 646.5 647.3 642 646 645 648 646 645
Legal services...................... 998.9 1,016.7 1,015.1 1,019.3 1,005 1,017 1,020 1,022 1,022 1,026
Educational services................ 2,362.7 2,531.1 2,535.2 2,459.5 2,322 2,363 2,375 2,384 2,389 2,415
Social services..................... 2,915.9 3,026.5 3,043.7 3,067.1 2,888 2,985 2,997 3,009 3,023 3,037
Child day care services........... 732.0 759.0 763.6 770.0 707 732 734 739 742 744
Residential care.................. 799.6 829.5 832.5 839.7 800 827 829 831 835 841
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 108.9 103.4 107.8 114.3 105 109 110 110 109 111
Membership organizations............ 2,470.0 2,477.6 2,476.5 2,490.9 2,473 2,487 2,487 2,489 2,488 2,494
Engineering and management services. 3,390.6 3,519.1 3,515.2 3,506.8 3,395 3,496 3,504 3,510 3,514 3,511
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,007.4 1,040.6 1,044.0 1,054.1 1,010 1,046 1,050 1,052 1,052 1,057
Management and public relations... 1,081.9 1,120.6 1,119.6 1,121.0 1,081 1,119 1,123 1,125 1,123 1,120
Services, nec....................... 51.6 50.7 51.0 51.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 21,531 21,134 21,163 21,182 21,114 20,629 20,680 20,711 20,746 20,759
Federal............................. 3,243 2,608 2,610 2,614 3,240 2,613 2,615 2,613 2,614 2,611
Federal, except Postal Service.... 2,385.2 1,751.6 1,754.7 1,760.0 2,377 1,755 1,756 1,754 1,754 1,752
State............................... 4,834 4,973 4,983 4,908 4,775 4,800 4,825 4,836 4,846 4,848
Education......................... 2,085.4 2,208.7 2,212.1 2,129.2 2,026 2,028 2,048 2,055 2,064 2,069
Other State government............ 2,748.9 2,764.3 2,770.8 2,779.2 2,749 2,772 2,777 2,781 2,782 2,779
Local............................... 13,454 13,553 13,570 13,660 13,099 13,216 13,240 13,262 13,286 13,300
Education......................... 7,820.6 7,891.3 7,874.5 7,900.3 7,436 7,468 7,479 7,492 7,495 7,510
Other local government............ 5,633.3 5,661.4 5,695.2 5,759.5 5,663 5,748 5,761 5,770 5,791 5,790
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.3 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.2 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 41.0 40.2 39.6 40.7 41.0 40.5 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.6
Mining................................ 42.9 43.1 43.5 44.0 42.8 43.1 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.9
Construction.......................... 39.6 38.6 38.5 40.3 39.2 39.1 38.7 39.1 39.3 39.9
Manufacturing......................... 41.6 40.8 39.9 40.7 41.6 41.0 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.8
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9
Durable goods........................ 42.2 41.1 40.1 41.1 42.1 41.3 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.1
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.9 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9
Lumber and wood products............ 41.3 40.0 39.8 40.8 41.0 39.8 40.1 40.3 40.0 40.5
Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.9 38.8 37.7 38.1 40.4 39.2 39.1 39.1 39.1 38.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.5 42.7 42.7 44.4 43.1 43.0 42.8 43.7 43.2 44.0
Primary metal industries............ 44.7 43.2 43.2 43.4 44.7 43.8 43.2 43.4 44.3 43.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 46.2 44.2 45.2 44.3 46.4 44.7 44.4 44.4 45.4 44.5
Fabricated metal products........... 42.7 41.6 40.3 41.7 42.7 41.7 41.7 41.9 42.1 41.7
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.2 41.3 39.9 40.9 42.1 41.5 41.0 41.2 41.3 40.8
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.0 39.9 38.5 38.9 41.2 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.8 39.1
Transportation equipment............ 43.3 42.1 40.7 42.6 43.1 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.3 42.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.5 42.5 41.3 43.7 44.3 42.1 42.0 42.3 43.2 43.5
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.1 40.2 40.8 41.5 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.0 40.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.2 38.3 37.4 38.1 39.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.1
Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.2 39.6 40.1 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0
Food and kindred products........... 41.4 40.5 40.0 40.6 41.7 41.3 41.1 41.2 41.4 41.0
Tobacco products.................... 41.2 39.5 39.2 40.1 41.0 40.4 39.8 40.0 41.1 39.8
Textile mill products............... 41.2 40.5 39.3 40.8 41.3 40.7 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.8
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.9 37.6 36.7 37.9 37.8 37.6 37.6 37.5 38.0 37.8
Paper and allied products........... 42.3 41.5 41.2 41.3 42.6 41.9 41.7 41.8 42.1 41.6
Printing and publishing............. 38.0 38.5 37.5 37.7 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.1 38.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 42.2 42.4 41.8 42.5 42.6 42.3 42.3 42.6 41.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 41.9 42.9 43.9 42.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.5 40.8 39.6 40.8 41.5 41.0 40.9 41.0 40.7 40.8
Leather and leather products........ 37.8 35.9 35.7 37.0 37.6 36.9 36.4 36.1 36.7 36.8
Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.5 32.8 32.6 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.3 38.0 38.3 38.1 38.5 38.7 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3
Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.0 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.2
Retail trade.......................... 28.8 28.4 28.8 28.7 28.9 29.1 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.0 36.7 36.0 36.2 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3
Services.............................. 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.65 $14.19 $14.27 $14.23 $468.20 $482.46 $486.61 $486.67
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.67 14.17 14.22 14.26 470.25 486.03 486.32 489.12
Goods-producing......................... 15.27 15.69 15.77 15.86 626.07 630.74 624.49 645.50
Mining................................ 17.22 17.57 17.62 17.54 738.74 757.27 766.47 771.76
Construction.......................... 17.70 18.20 18.08 18.20 700.92 702.52 696.08 733.46
Manufacturing......................... 14.26 14.65 14.75 14.75 593.22 597.72 588.53 600.33
Durable goods........................ 14.69 15.09 15.14 15.19 619.92 620.20 607.11 624.31
Lumber and wood products............ 11.85 12.08 12.13 12.21 489.41 483.20 482.77 498.17
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.64 12.04 12.07 12.02 464.44 467.15 455.04 457.96
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.40 14.79 14.98 15.16 626.40 631.53 639.65 673.10
Primary metal industries............ 16.30 16.63 16.93 16.81 728.61 718.42 731.38 729.55
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.72 20.00 20.43 20.21 911.06 884.00 923.44 895.30
Fabricated metal products........... 13.78 14.08 14.10 14.17 588.41 585.73 568.23 590.89
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.45 15.77 15.75 15.79 651.99 651.30 628.43 645.81
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.64 14.26 14.38 14.33 559.24 568.97 553.63 557.44
Transportation equipment............ 18.23 18.76 18.77 18.85 789.36 789.80 763.94 803.01
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.62 19.02 19.14 19.21 828.59 808.35 790.48 839.48
Instruments and related products.... 14.25 14.73 14.80 14.85 589.95 605.40 594.96 605.88
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.51 12.05 12.06 12.12 451.19 461.52 451.04 461.77
Nondurable goods..................... 13.59 13.97 14.13 14.07 553.11 561.59 559.55 564.21
Food and kindred products........... 12.42 12.68 12.81 12.80 514.19 513.54 512.40 519.68
Tobacco products.................... 21.67 22.63 22.50 22.34 892.80 893.89 882.00 895.83
Textile mill products............... 11.09 11.31 11.31 11.37 456.91 458.06 444.48 463.90
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.26 9.46 9.44 9.46 350.95 355.70 346.45 358.53
Paper and allied products........... 16.16 16.56 16.76 16.70 683.57 687.24 690.51 689.71
Printing and publishing............. 14.30 14.69 14.76 14.79 543.40 565.57 553.50 557.58
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.99 18.33 18.60 18.64 762.78 773.53 788.64 779.15
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.79 21.83 22.21 21.75 913.00 936.51 975.02 917.85
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.75 13.19 13.34 13.26 529.13 538.15 528.26 541.01
Leather and leather products........ 10.03 10.46 10.36 10.18 379.13 375.51 369.85 376.66
Service-producing....................... 13.13 13.74 13.84 13.74 428.04 446.55 453.95 447.92
Transportation and public utilities... $16.13 $16.65 $16.81 $16.68 $617.78 $632.70 $643.82 $635.51
Wholesale trade....................... 15.05 15.58 15.88 15.75 576.42 592.04 608.20 601.65
Retail trade.......................... 9.40 9.74 9.78 9.79 270.72 276.62 281.66 280.97
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.02 15.67 15.81 15.72 539.22 564.12 580.23 565.92
Services.............................. 13.79 14.48 14.58 14.47 448.18 472.05 476.77 470.28
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
Apr. 2001-
May 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.67 $14.03 $14.11 $14.17 $14.22 $14.26 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.89 7.90 7.92 7.95 7.94 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.29 15.67 15.74 15.79 15.79 15.88 .6
Mining...................... 17.27 17.49 17.52 17.55 17.55 17.59 .2
Construction................ 17.76 18.28 18.30 18.33 18.16 18.25 .5
Manufacturing............... 14.28 14.54 14.63 14.66 14.73 14.78 .3
Excluding overtime4....... 13.53 13.83 13.94 13.96 14.05 14.09 .3
Service-producing............. 13.16 13.54 13.62 13.68 13.74 13.77 .2
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.20 16.51 16.64 16.68 16.77 16.74 -.2
Wholesale trade............. 15.08 15.53 15.60 15.68 15.76 15.78 .1
Retail trade................ 9.41 9.64 9.69 9.72 9.74 9.80 .6
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.00 15.44 15.55 15.61 15.64 15.70 .4
Services.................... 13.82 14.25 14.34 14.40 14.48 14.50 .1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.1 percent from March 2001 to April 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of
probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed
seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 150.9 148.7 150.1 151.3 151.1 152.2 151.7 152.0 151.5 151.5
Goods-producing......................... 116.9 110.5 109.4 113.3 116.5 114.4 113.6 114.1 113.4 112.9
Mining................................ 50.7 52.5 53.7 55.3 50.7 52.5 53.2 54.5 55.0 55.5
Construction.......................... 186.6 175.5 180.8 197.2 183.0 187.6 186.9 191.0 189.9 193.4
Manufacturing......................... 106.1 100.2 97.4 98.8 106.4 102.5 101.5 101.2 100.6 99.1
Durable goods........................ 111.9 105.2 102.1 103.7 111.8 107.4 106.4 105.9 105.4 103.6
Lumber and wood products............ 148.4 133.7 134.2 138.1 148.3 137.4 137.4 137.7 137.0 137.7
Furniture and fixtures.............. 139.7 132.5 127.7 127.2 141.6 135.2 133.7 133.7 132.4 128.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 121.0 114.4 116.3 121.3 119.1 117.8 117.2 119.7 118.0 119.4
Primary metal industries............ 92.7 85.6 84.6 83.8 92.9 88.3 87.0 86.2 86.8 84.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 72.7 66.1 67.0 65.1 72.9 68.2 67.0 66.6 67.6 65.5
Fabricated metal products........... 122.7 116.0 111.5 114.4 123.0 118.3 117.1 117.1 117.0 114.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 102.9 97.5 93.4 94.6 102.3 100.6 98.3 97.0 96.3 94.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 108.1 102.9 97.5 96.6 108.8 106.1 105.2 103.4 101.0 97.6
Transportation equipment............ 123.9 113.7 110.0 113.8 122.8 113.3 113.5 113.1 113.7 112.4
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 168.0 146.8 142.9 148.8 165.7 146.5 146.4 146.0 148.7 147.0
Instruments and related products.... 75.4 75.4 73.2 74.2 75.4 75.7 75.7 75.2 74.9 74.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.4 94.9 92.8 92.8 99.7 96.6 94.9 95.3 95.3 93.2
Nondurable goods..................... 98.1 93.3 91.1 92.1 99.0 95.7 94.8 94.7 94.1 93.0
Food and kindred products........... 114.9 111.3 109.1 111.5 118.0 116.0 115.4 115.9 116.1 114.8
Tobacco products.................... 49.8 44.4 43.5 44.1 54.8 46.0 43.4 45.6 46.8 47.3
Textile mill products............... 76.6 69.1 66.3 67.7 76.7 71.2 69.7 69.5 68.3 67.5
Apparel and other textile products.. 56.2 50.4 48.5 49.9 55.7 51.4 50.9 50.4 50.1 49.5
Paper and allied products........... 102.5 98.2 97.0 97.0 103.6 100.9 99.8 99.4 100.0 98.0
Printing and publishing............. 120.0 118.1 114.1 113.8 121.4 119.3 119.0 119.2 116.2 115.1
Chemicals and allied products....... 100.7 98.9 98.5 96.8 100.7 99.7 99.0 98.9 98.7 96.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 70.9 68.5 72.9 70.2 70.4 73.1 70.0 69.5 73.3 70.1
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 150.1 139.2 134.3 138.2 150.0 142.3 140.6 140.4 137.9 138.0
Leather and leather products........ 31.6 28.8 27.3 28.5 31.2 28.9 29.1 28.8 28.2 27.7
Service-producing....................... 166.2 165.9 168.4 168.3 166.6 169.2 168.9 169.1 168.5 168.8
Transportation and public utilities... 136.2 137.6 139.0 139.4 137.1 140.8 140.3 139.9 139.6 140.1
Wholesale trade....................... 131.3 130.0 131.2 131.0 131.2 132.3 131.4 132.0 131.4 130.9
Retail trade.......................... 145.5 141.2 144.6 145.7 145.6 147.5 146.8 146.0 146.6 146.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 136.9 138.0 141.2 139.5 137.9 139.2 139.8 140.0 140.2 140.6
Services.............................. 208.4 210.5 212.8 212.3 209.0 212.4 212.5 213.4 211.7 212.7
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 p44.6 p46.0
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 p48.6 p47.9
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. p51.7 p49.0
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 p53.1 p52.0
2001..............
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 p30.9 p29.4
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 p25.7 p25.7
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. p27.6 p22.4
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 p23.9 p23.9
2001..............
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: August 03, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_may2001.htm
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