Technical information: USDL 00-320
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, November 3, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER 2000
The unemployment rate held at 3.9 percent in October, and total nonfarm
employment rose by 137,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Among the major industry divisions,
construction had the largest over-the-month gain, adding 34,000 jobs.
Employment was unchanged in manufacturing and little changed in services
and retail trade. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, 5.5 million, was essentially
unchanged in October. The jobless rate (3.9 percent) has remained within
the 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999. Unemployment rates for
the major worker groups--adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.4
percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent), and blacks (7.3
percent)--showed little change over the month. The rate for Hispanics
declined to 5.0 percent. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment, at 135.4 million, and the employment-population
ratio, at 64.4 percent, were essentially unchanged in October. The
civilian labor force was little changed at 140.9 million, and the labor
force participation rate was also about unchanged at 67.0 percent. (See
table A-1.)
In October, about 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of
total employment, compared with 6.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in October, compared with about 1.2 million a
year earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was
230,000 in October. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________|Sept.-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | Oct.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| II | III | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,742| 140,639| 140,918| 279
Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 134,912| 135,161| 135,422| 261
Unemployment........| 5,627| 5,652| 5,829| 5,477| 5,496| 19
Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,193| 69,522| 69,460| -62
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 3.9| 3.9| .0
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| 3.4| 0.2
Adult women.........| 3.7| 3.6| 3.8| 3.5| 3.4| -.1
Teenagers...........| 12.3| 13.5| 14.4| 12.8| 12.6| -.2
White...............| 3.4| 3.5| 3.6| 3.5| 3.4| -.1
Black...............| 7.7| 7.6| 8.0| 7.0| 7.3| .3
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 5.6| 5.0| -.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,552|p131,619| 131,528|p131,723|p131,860| p137
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| p25,670| 25,644| p25,610| p25,648| p38
Construction......| 6,676| p6,684| 6,675| p6,708| p6,742| p34
Manufacturing.....| 18,488| p18,448| 18,432| p18,363| p18,363| p0
Service-producing 1/| 105,849|p105,949| 105,884|p106,113|p106,212| p99
Retail trade......| 23,128| p23,186| 23,191| p23,170| p23,174| p4
Services..........| 40,272| p40,574| 40,572| p40,748| p40,765| p17
Government........| 20,827| p20,530| 20,510| p20,475| p20,495| p20
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| p34.4| 34.3| p34.4| p34.3| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.4| 41.4| p41.2| p41.3| p.1
Overtime..........| 4.7| p4.5| 4.5| p4.4| p4.4| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| p151.2| 150.9| p151.4| p151.5| p0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.67| p$13.79| $13.80| p$13.83| p$13.89| p$0.06
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 471.50| p474.03| 473.34| p475.75| p476.43| p.68
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 137,000 to 131.9 million in
October, seasonally adjusted. This compares to a September gain of 148,000
jobs (after adjusting for the net effect of strikes and the layoff of the
last sizable contingent of temporary census workers). Over the first 8
months of the year, the average monthly gain (after similar adjustments for
strikes and changes in the number of temporary census workers) was 195,000.
In October, employment gains occurred in several service-producing industry
divisions and in construction and mining. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, employment in construction grew by
34,000 in October, seasonally adjusted, following a similar increase in
September. Construction employment had been little changed during the
summer; the seasonal layoffs that usually start in September have been
lighter than normal thus far this fall, resulting in seasonally-adjusted
employment increases.
Mining employment rose by 4,000 in October. Within mining, oil and gas
extraction continued to grow and has added 23,000 jobs since August 1999.
Employment in manufacturing was unchanged in October following 2 months
of sharp declines. Over the month, job losses continued in lumber,
apparel, and textiles. Motor vehicle employment also edged down and has
declined by 46,000 since July, in part reflecting measures to reduce
inventories of heavy trucks. In contrast, electronic components added
7,000 jobs in October, continuing its strong growth trend. Employment in
food and kindred products rose, following declines in the prior 2 months.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
was little changed in October, following 2 months of large increases. Thus
far this year, employment growth in this industry has averaged 106,000 a
month, slightly below the average for all of 1999. Help supply services
lost 82,000 jobs in October, more than offsetting a large gain in
September; employment in this industry has shown virtually no net growth
since March. Elsewhere in services, amusements and recreation employment
rose by 28,000 in October. Auto repair services added 10,000 jobs over the
month. Employment continued to increase in health services (17,000),
social services (16,000), engineering and management services (10,000), and
computer services (8,000).
Employment rose by 23,000 in transportation and public utilities in
October, well above the average of 14,000 for the first 9 months of this year.
The October strength was in air transportation (up 7,000) and communications
(up 8,000).
Finance, insurance, and real estate gained 20,000 jobs in October, the
third consecutive monthly increase. Employment in real estate rose by
12,000 over the month; this industry has added 25,000 jobs over the past 3
months. Employment in security brokerages also continued to grow, adding
4,000 jobs.
Wholesale trade employment grew by 15,000 in October and has increased
by 34,000 since July. All of the October gain was in nondurable goods.
Retail trade employment was essentially unchanged in October. A gain of
14,000 jobs in automotive dealers and service stations was largely offset
by a decline in general merchandise stores.
Government employment increased by 20,000 in October. All of this gain
occurred in state and local government. There was little over-the-month
change in the number of temporary census workers; only about 6,000 were
left on federal payrolls.
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Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in October to 34.3 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was up by 0.1 hour to
41.3 hours, following a drop of 0.2 hour in September. Factory hours
remained well below the high levels that have prevailed over the last
several years. In October, manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.4
hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up to 151.5 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index increased by 0.2 percent to
104.8. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in October to $13.89,
seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings edged up by
0.1 percent to $476.43. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8
percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. Since February
1999, 12-month growth rates in hourly earnings have remained in the range
of 3.5 to 3.8 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for November 2000 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, December 8, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
| New Seasonal Factors for Establishment Survey Data |
| Following usual practice, the 6-month updates to seasonal adjust- |
|ment factors for the establishment survey data will be introduced |
|with next month's release of November data. These factors will be |
|used for the September 2000 through April 2001 estimates and will |
|be published in the December 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings. |
|These factors will be available on Friday, December 1, on the Internet|
|(http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by calling (202) 691-6555. |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,483 210,161 210,378 208,483 209,543 209,727 209,935 210,161 210,378
Civilian labor force............................ 139,761 140,357 140,893 139,697 140,762 140,399 140,742 140,639 140,918
Participation rate........................ 67.0 66.8 67.0 67.0 67.2 66.9 67.0 66.9 67.0
Employed...................................... 134,390 135,033 135,771 133,940 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161 135,422
Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.3 64.5 64.2 64.5 64.2 64.3 64.3 64.4
Agriculture................................. 3,293 3,510 3,277 3,238 3,321 3,299 3,344 3,340 3,233
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,096 131,523 132,494 130,702 131,858 131,450 131,569 131,821 132,188
Unemployed.................................... 5,372 5,324 5,122 5,757 5,583 5,650 5,829 5,477 5,496
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9
Not in labor force.............................. 68,722 69,804 69,485 68,786 68,781 69,329 69,193 69,522 69,460
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,020 4,184 4,051 4,331 4,254 4,478 4,213 4,349 4,380
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,088 100,963 101,075 100,088 100,654 100,745 100,847 100,963 101,075
Civilian labor force............................ 74,623 74,983 75,231 74,680 75,120 74,917 75,412 75,233 75,313
Participation rate........................ 74.6 74.3 74.4 74.6 74.6 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.5
Employed...................................... 71,825 72,317 72,552 71,623 72,217 72,063 72,407 72,352 72,378
Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 71.6 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.6
Unemployed.................................... 2,799 2,666 2,679 3,057 2,903 2,854 3,005 2,881 2,936
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,896 92,863 92,969 91,896 92,546 92,642 92,754 92,863 92,969
Civilian labor force............................ 70,401 70,954 71,185 70,339 70,714 70,702 71,067 71,002 71,128
Participation rate........................ 76.6 76.4 76.6 76.5 76.4 76.3 76.6 76.5 76.5
Employed...................................... 68,175 68,823 69,011 67,898 68,430 68,440 68,757 68,699 68,743
Employment-population ratio............... 74.2 74.1 74.2 73.9 73.9 73.9 74.1 74.0 73.9
Agriculture................................. 2,268 2,474 2,264 2,206 2,269 2,296 2,288 2,350 2,196
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,907 66,349 66,747 65,692 66,161 66,144 66,469 66,349 66,547
Unemployed.................................... 2,226 2,130 2,175 2,441 2,284 2,263 2,309 2,303 2,385
Unemployment rate......................... 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,395 109,198 109,303 108,395 108,889 108,983 109,088 109,198 109,303
Civilian labor force............................ 65,138 65,374 65,662 65,017 65,642 65,482 65,330 65,406 65,605
Participation rate........................ 60.1 59.9 60.1 60.0 60.3 60.1 59.9 59.9 60.0
Employed...................................... 62,565 62,716 63,219 62,317 62,962 62,686 62,505 62,809 63,044
Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.7
Unemployed.................................... 2,573 2,658 2,443 2,700 2,680 2,796 2,824 2,597 2,560
Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,458 101,321 101,448 100,458 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321 101,448
Civilian labor force............................ 61,292 61,552 61,747 60,955 61,596 61,508 61,260 61,386 61,481
Participation rate........................ 61.0 60.7 60.9 60.7 61.0 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6
Employed...................................... 59,238 59,370 59,788 58,800 59,278 59,222 58,949 59,268 59,417
Employment-population ratio............... 59.0 58.6 58.9 58.5 58.7 58.6 58.2 58.5 58.6
Agriculture................................. 829 787 753 800 834 792 824 744 734
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,409 58,583 59,035 58,000 58,444 58,430 58,125 58,524 58,683
Unemployed.................................... 2,054 2,182 1,959 2,155 2,318 2,286 2,311 2,118 2,065
Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,129 15,977 15,960 16,129 15,991 15,974 15,972 15,977 15,960
Civilian labor force............................ 8,068 7,852 7,960 8,403 8,452 8,189 8,415 8,251 8,309
Participation rate........................ 50.0 49.1 49.9 52.1 52.9 51.3 52.7 51.6 52.1
Employed...................................... 6,977 6,840 6,972 7,242 7,471 7,087 7,206 7,195 7,262
Employment-population ratio............... 43.3 42.8 43.7 44.9 46.7 44.4 45.1 45.0 45.5
Agriculture................................. 196 249 260 232 218 211 232 247 304
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,781 6,591 6,712 7,010 7,253 6,876 6,974 6,948 6,958
Unemployed.................................... 1,091 1,012 988 1,161 981 1,101 1,209 1,056 1,047
Unemployment rate......................... 13.5 12.9 12.4 13.8 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,585 174,745 174,899 173,585 174,316 174,443 174,587 174,745 174,899
Civilian labor force............................ 116,683 117,237 117,477 116,654 117,451 117,258 117,551 117,535 117,500
Participation rate.......................... 67.2 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.3 67.2
Employed...................................... 112,890 113,334 113,807 112,548 113,484 113,156 113,352 113,450 113,516
Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 64.9 65.1 64.8 65.1 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 3,793 3,903 3,669 4,106 3,967 4,103 4,199 4,085 3,984
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,784 60,227 60,258 59,777 60,074 59,950 60,358 60,275 60,272
Participation rate.......................... 77.0 76.9 76.9 77.0 76.9 76.7 77.1 77.0 76.9
Employed...................................... 58,235 58,660 58,724 58,043 58,409 58,302 58,701 58,543 58,548
Employment-population ratio................. 75.0 74.9 74.9 74.7 74.8 74.6 75.0 74.7 74.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,549 1,567 1,535 1,734 1,666 1,647 1,657 1,732 1,724
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,042 50,355 50,461 49,733 50,246 50,356 50,060 50,235 50,196
Participation rate.......................... 60.2 60.1 60.2 59.8 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.0 59.9
Employed...................................... 48,581 48,786 49,057 48,203 48,616 48,700 48,388 48,688 48,716
Employment-population ratio................. 58.4 58.3 58.5 58.0 58.2 58.3 57.8 58.2 58.1
Unemployed.................................... 1,460 1,570 1,405 1,530 1,630 1,656 1,673 1,546 1,480
Unemployment rate........................... 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,857 6,654 6,757 7,144 7,130 6,953 7,133 7,025 7,032
Participation rate.......................... 53.8 52.4 53.2 56.1 56.1 54.7 56.2 55.3 55.4
Employed...................................... 6,073 5,888 6,027 6,302 6,458 6,153 6,264 6,219 6,252
Employment-population ratio................. 47.7 46.4 47.5 49.5 50.8 48.4 49.3 49.0 49.2
Unemployed.................................... 784 766 730 842 672 800 869 806 780
Unemployment rate........................... 11.4 11.5 10.8 11.8 9.4 11.5 12.2 11.5 11.1
Men....................................... 11.4 11.9 10.9 11.9 11.2 12.6 13.3 12.2 11.5
Women..................................... 11.5 11.1 10.7 11.7 7.4 10.3 11.0 10.7 10.6
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,985 25,299 25,339 24,985 25,191 25,221 25,258 25,299 25,339
Civilian labor force............................ 16,527 16,426 16,634 16,489 16,577 16,456 16,512 16,403 16,593
Participation rate.......................... 66.1 64.9 65.6 66.0 65.8 65.2 65.4 64.8 65.5
Employed...................................... 15,215 15,244 15,469 15,124 15,275 15,190 15,190 15,246 15,380
Employment-population ratio................. 60.9 60.3 61.0 60.5 60.6 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,311 1,182 1,165 1,365 1,302 1,266 1,322 1,156 1,213
Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 7.2 7.0 8.3 7.9 7.7 8.0 7.0 7.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,334 7,285 7,443 7,281 7,263 7,292 7,337 7,274 7,387
Participation rate.......................... 73.4 71.8 73.2 72.9 72.0 72.1 72.4 71.7 72.6
Employed...................................... 6,794 6,826 6,945 6,717 6,761 6,803 6,797 6,813 6,870
Employment-population ratio................. 68.0 67.3 68.3 67.3 67.0 67.3 67.1 67.1 67.6
Unemployed.................................... 540 458 498 564 502 489 540 461 517
Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 6.3 6.7 7.7 6.9 6.7 7.4 6.3 7.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,286 8,239 8,272 8,252 8,347 8,217 8,230 8,197 8,237
Participation rate.......................... 66.2 64.9 65.1 65.9 66.1 65.0 65.0 64.6 64.8
Employed...................................... 7,790 7,740 7,822 7,745 7,792 7,691 7,710 7,724 7,775
Employment-population ratio................. 62.2 61.0 61.5 61.9 61.7 60.8 60.9 60.9 61.2
Unemployed.................................... 496 499 450 507 554 525 520 472 461
Unemployment rate........................... 6.0 6.1 5.4 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 906 902 919 956 967 947 945 932 969
Participation rate.......................... 36.5 36.6 37.4 38.5 39.2 38.4 38.4 37.8 39.4
Employed...................................... 631 677 702 662 722 696 682 709 735
Employment-population ratio................. 25.4 27.5 28.5 26.7 29.2 28.2 27.7 28.8 29.9
Unemployed.................................... 275 225 217 294 245 252 262 223 234
Unemployment rate........................... 30.3 24.9 23.6 30.8 25.4 26.6 27.8 23.9 24.2
Men....................................... 32.7 25.8 25.3 35.3 32.0 25.0 33.7 26.7 28.0
Women..................................... 27.9 24.1 22.3 26.1 18.2 27.9 22.5 21.5 21.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,881 22,555 22,618 21,881 22,355 22,422 22,488 22,555 22,618
Civilian labor force............................ 14,837 15,525 15,503 14,809 15,325 15,188 15,248 15,536 15,496
Participation rate.......................... 67.8 68.8 68.5 67.7 68.6 67.7 67.8 68.9 68.5
Employed...................................... 13,922 14,666 14,743 13,879 14,461 14,339 14,371 14,666 14,728
Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 65.0 65.2 63.4 64.7 64.0 63.9 65.0 65.1
Unemployed.................................... 915 859 760 930 864 849 876 871 767
Unemployment rate........................... 6.2 5.5 4.9 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.0
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,246 28,346 27,931 28,246 28,227 27,888 28,306 28,346 27,931
Civilian labor force.................... 12,039 12,578 12,162 12,201 12,004 12,328 12,441 12,417 12,312
Percent of population............... 42.6 44.4 43.5 43.2 42.5 44.2 43.9 43.8 44.1
Employed.............................. 11,303 11,872 11,437 11,401 11,239 11,544 11,677 11,662 11,518
Employment-population ratio......... 40.0 41.9 40.9 40.4 39.8 41.4 41.3 41.1 41.2
Unemployed............................ 735 706 724 800 765 784 764 755 794
Unemployment rate................... 6.1 5.6 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.4
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,275 57,244 57,365 57,275 57,581 57,144 56,882 57,244 57,365
Civilian labor force.................... 37,170 36,712 36,979 37,080 36,910 37,018 36,589 36,682 36,917
Percent of population............... 64.9 64.1 64.5 64.7 64.1 64.8 64.3 64.1 64.4
Employed.............................. 36,038 35,534 35,783 35,874 35,659 35,782 35,238 35,463 35,641
Employment-population ratio......... 62.9 62.1 62.4 62.6 61.9 62.6 62.0 62.0 62.1
Unemployed............................ 1,132 1,178 1,196 1,206 1,251 1,236 1,350 1,219 1,276
Unemployment rate................... 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.5
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,787 44,191 44,767 43,787 44,250 44,724 44,616 44,191 44,767
Civilian labor force.................... 32,564 32,683 33,179 32,203 33,094 32,952 33,175 32,934 32,848
Percent of population............... 74.4 74.0 74.1 73.5 74.8 73.7 74.4 74.5 73.4
Employed.............................. 31,714 31,866 32,423 31,330 32,132 32,029 32,230 32,091 32,071
Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 72.1 72.4 71.6 72.6 71.6 72.2 72.6 71.6
Unemployed............................ 851 817 755 873 962 923 946 843 778
Unemployment rate................... 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.4
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,986 45,863 45,785 44,986 45,092 45,549 45,718 45,863 45,785
Civilian labor force.................... 35,992 36,227 36,161 35,721 35,988 35,877 35,903 36,017 35,916
Percent of population............... 80.0 79.0 79.0 79.4 79.8 78.8 78.5 78.5 78.4
Employed.............................. 35,420 35,531 35,612 35,106 35,437 35,254 35,250 35,319 35,329
Employment-population ratio......... 78.7 77.5 77.8 78.0 78.6 77.4 77.1 77.0 77.2
Unemployed............................ 573 696 550 615 551 623 653 697 587
Unemployment rate................... 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,390 135,033 135,771 133,940 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161 135,422
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,590 43,627 43,710 43,206 43,357 43,284 43,372 43,324 43,363
Married women, spouse present................... 33,928 33,503 34,008 33,521 33,824 33,618 33,413 33,402 33,604
Women who maintain families..................... 8,407 8,633 8,475 8,398 8,280 8,483 8,519 8,548 8,441
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,973 41,106 40,977 40,718 41,148 40,784 40,937 40,963 40,696
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,035 38,810 39,440 39,023 39,270 39,239 39,026 38,966 39,480
Service occupations............................. 17,444 18,019 18,229 17,694 18,090 17,877 17,675 18,128 18,582
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,776 15,005 15,083 14,836 14,888 15,236 15,263 15,156 15,113
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,675 18,482 18,663 18,340 18,430 18,296 18,592 18,501 18,327
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,487 3,612 3,378 3,365 3,368 3,309 3,400 3,395 3,274
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 1,950 2,141 2,063 1,936 2,059 2,079 2,056 2,010 2,044
Self-employed workers......................... 1,294 1,328 1,179 1,267 1,175 1,182 1,258 1,288 1,171
Unpaid family workers......................... 49 42 35 42 50 40 37 39 31
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,048 122,545 123,690 121,654 123,002 122,681 122,773 122,992 123,367
Government.................................. 18,796 18,827 19,009 18,817 18,777 18,497 18,496 18,979 19,047
Private industries.......................... 103,252 103,718 104,682 102,837 104,225 104,184 104,277 104,013 104,320
Private households........................ 939 784 787 939 957 807 716 812 793
Other industries.......................... 102,313 102,934 103,895 101,898 103,268 103,377 103,561 103,201 103,527
Self-employed workers......................... 8,959 8,878 8,678 8,833 8,665 8,609 8,590 8,799 8,550
Unpaid family workers......................... 89 99 126 101 71 80 116 105 144
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,832 2,854 2,851 3,179 3,117 3,071 3,164 3,189 3,200
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,718 1,837 1,708 1,928 1,811 1,846 1,997 2,101 1,900
Could only find part-time work.............. 895 784 873 993 1,022 900 855 815 973
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,644 18,751 19,583 18,799 18,308 18,558 18,709 18,456 18,704
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,666 2,724 2,704 2,983 2,967 2,940 3,038 3,021 3,031
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,600 1,747 1,609 1,807 1,713 1,750 1,924 1,983 1,810
Could only find part-time work.............. 876 769 856 964 994 881 838 804 945
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,081 18,147 19,030 18,249 17,743 18,041 18,190 17,879 18,158
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,757 5,477 5,496 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,441 2,303 2,385 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,155 2,118 2,065 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,161 1,056 1,047 13.8 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6
Married men, spouse present.................... 988 919 894 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0
Married women, spouse present.................. 858 946 835 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.4
Women who maintain families.................... 540 477 477 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.4
Full-time workers.............................. 4,614 4,386 4,443 4.0 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8
Part-time workers.............................. 1,146 1,081 1,060 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.4
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 759 739 736 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,422 1,380 1,475 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.6
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 613 540 525 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,233 1,207 1,258 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 207 192 249 5.8 5.0 5.7 6.4 5.4 7.1
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,489 4,316 4,368 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0
Goods-producing industries................... 1,286 1,264 1,374 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8
Mining..................................... 29 29 37 5.0 3.5 5.1 4.6 5.8 7.1
Construction............................... 523 519 519 6.7 5.9 5.9 6.5 6.4 6.5
Manufacturing.............................. 734 717 819 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.1
Durable goods............................ 425 374 465 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.8
Nondurable goods......................... 309 343 354 4.0 3.1 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5
Service-producing industries................. 3,203 3,052 2,994 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7
Transportation and public utilities........ 244 274 212 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.7
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,343 1,299 1,316 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 185 157 190 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.4
Services................................... 1,431 1,321 1,276 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5
Government workers............................. 400 390 390 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.0
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 161 170 207 7.7 7.3 7.0 8.5 7.8 9.2
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,359 2,547 2,330 2,545 2,595 2,470 2,594 2,487 2,497
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,664 1,583 1,548 1,811 1,759 1,812 1,846 1,717 1,703
15 weeks and over................................ 1,348 1,194 1,244 1,434 1,242 1,331 1,384 1,226 1,320
15 to 26 weeks................................ 646 571 647 719 593 654 679 602 715
27 weeks and over............................. 702 623 597 715 649 677 705 624 605
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.8 12.1 13.0 13.2 12.4 13.3 13.0 11.9 12.4
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.1 5.2 6.0 6.3 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.2 6.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 43.9 47.8 45.5 44.0 46.4 44.0 44.5 45.8 45.2
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 31.0 29.7 30.2 31.3 31.4 32.3 31.7 31.6 30.9
15 weeks and over.............................. 25.1 22.4 24.3 24.8 22.2 23.7 23.8 22.6 23.9
15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.0 10.7 12.6 12.4 10.6 11.7 11.7 11.1 13.0
27 weeks and over............................ 13.1 11.7 11.6 12.3 11.6 12.1 12.1 11.5 11.0
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,162 2,258 2,076 2,518 2,450 2,417 2,615 2,511 2,428
On temporary layoff............................. 535 595 531 802 959 856 940 823 791
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,626 1,662 1,544 1,716 1,491 1,561 1,674 1,688 1,637
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,097 1,104 1,066 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 529 558 479 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 789 853 846 778 671 799 782 746 837
Reentrants........................................ 1,956 1,832 1,838 1,958 2,076 1,961 1,919 1,774 1,842
New entrants...................................... 466 382 363 511 343 402 514 411 383
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 40.2 42.4 40.5 43.7 44.2 43.3 44.8 46.2 44.2
On temporary layoff............................ 10.0 11.2 10.4 13.9 17.3 15.3 16.1 15.1 14.4
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.3 31.2 30.1 29.8 26.9 28.0 28.7 31.0 29.8
Job leavers...................................... 14.7 16.0 16.5 13.5 12.1 14.3 13.4 13.7 15.3
Reentrants....................................... 36.4 34.4 35.9 34.0 37.5 35.1 32.9 32.6 33.5
New entrants..................................... 8.7 7.2 7.1 8.9 6.2 7.2 8.8 7.5 7.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .4 .2 .3 .4 .3 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.0 4.0 3.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.7 4.6 4.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.7 6.6 6.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,757 5,477 5,496 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,247 1,977 2,047 10.0 9.0 9.2 9.4 8.7 8.9
16 to 19 years................................ 1,161 1,056 1,047 13.8 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6
16 to 17 years.............................. 536 519 470 15.9 13.1 16.5 17.1 15.7 14.9
18 to 19 years.............................. 623 554 583 12.4 10.6 11.5 12.6 11.2 11.3
20 to 24 years................................ 1,086 921 1,000 7.7 7.5 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.8
25 years and over............................... 3,510 3,518 3,441 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9
25 to 54 years................................ 3,043 3,009 2,943 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0
55 years and over............................. 472 518 528 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,057 2,881 2,936 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9
16 to 24 years................................ 1,222 1,104 1,128 10.4 9.5 9.6 10.1 9.3 9.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 616 578 551 14.2 14.1 14.0 16.0 13.6 13.2
16 to 17 years............................ 268 295 280 15.5 15.6 17.4 16.9 17.4 17.7
18 to 19 years............................ 346 279 266 13.2 13.3 11.9 15.5 11.0 10.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 606 527 576 8.2 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.9 7.4
25 years and over............................. 1,842 1,778 1,810 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,578 1,518 1,536 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9
55 years and over........................... 278 265 288 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.9
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,700 2,597 2,560 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9
16 to 24 years................................ 1,025 872 919 9.6 8.5 8.9 8.6 8.0 8.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 545 479 496 13.4 8.9 12.8 12.6 11.9 12.0
16 to 17 years............................ 268 225 190 16.3 10.4 15.5 17.3 13.9 12.2
18 to 19 years............................ 277 275 317 11.4 7.8 11.0 9.4 11.3 12.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 480 394 423 7.2 8.2 6.5 6.2 5.7 6.2
25 years and over............................. 1,668 1,740 1,631 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,465 1,491 1,407 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.0
55 years and over........................... 194 253 240 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.1 2.9
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,722 69,485 25,465 25,844 43,257 43,640
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,020 4,051 1,657 1,618 2,363 2,433
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,184 1,036 588 423 596 613
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 271 230 160 112 111 118
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 913 806 428 311 485 495
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 8,014 7,550 4,245 3,956 3,769 3,594
Percent of total employed..................................... 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.5 6.0 5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,462 4,183 2,630 2,387 1,832 1,796
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,672 1,596 504 536 1,168 1,060
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 308 292 204 209 104 84
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,511 1,420 868 790 643 629
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 130,381 131,351 132,043 132,699 129,523 131,647 131,607 131,528 131,723 131,860
Total private.................... 109,833 112,042 111,766 111,907 109,275 110,845 111,001 111,018 111,248 111,365
Goods-producing......................... 25,764 26,112 25,966 25,927 25,483 25,700 25,756 25,644 25,610 25,648
Mining................................ 534 545 548 549 529 539 538 537 539 543
Metal mining........................ 44.3 44.2 43.8 44.4 45 44 43 44 44 45
Coal mining......................... 82.7 79.7 80.0 80.1 83 79 79 80 80 80
Oil and gas extraction.............. 292.4 308.1 312.0 312.3 289 306 306 304 307 309
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 114.9 113.2 111.7 111.7 112 110 110 109 108 109
Construction.......................... 6,697 7,049 6,979 6,968 6,470 6,668 6,670 6,675 6,708 6,742
General building contractors........ 1,489.7 1,574.9 1,543.3 1,542.5 1,464 1,498 1,498 1,505 1,510 1,519
Heavy construction, except building. 942.7 959.5 961.6 953.5 872 877 881 882 882 883
Special trade contractors........... 4,265.0 4,514.7 4,474.4 4,471.5 4,134 4,293 4,291 4,288 4,316 4,340
Manufacturing......................... 18,533 18,518 18,439 18,410 18,484 18,493 18,548 18,432 18,363 18,363
Production workers................ 12,748 12,688 12,652 12,627 12,702 12,683 12,741 12,630 12,582 12,583
Durable goods........................ 11,095 11,099 11,058 11,054 11,083 11,120 11,161 11,087 11,044 11,044
Production workers................ 7,589 7,560 7,551 7,545 7,581 7,593 7,629 7,567 7,541 7,536
Lumber and wood products............ 838.0 830.4 822.1 818.1 831 827 825 818 815 812
Furniture and fixtures.............. 554.5 556.0 555.0 554.7 553 558 564 555 555 553
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 569.0 576.0 572.1 571.1 562 568 571 566 564 564
Primary metal industries............ 696.7 693.6 691.6 688.7 697 699 698 695 691 689
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 226.8 226.0 223.5 221.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,521.7 1,535.9 1,533.3 1,537.2 1,519 1,540 1,539 1,539 1,533 1,535
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,123.4 2,124.1 2,116.5 2,116.1 2,130 2,130 2,137 2,133 2,122 2,123
Computer and office equipment..... 369.5 363.6 362.1 360.3 369 360 361 363 362 360
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,672.5 1,716.9 1,715.7 1,720.3 1,672 1,697 1,719 1,718 1,714 1,720
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 636.8 676.1 680.1 686.6 638 661 670 675 681 688
Transportation equipment............ 1,868.8 1,818.9 1,807.3 1,801.8 1,873 1,864 1,863 1,818 1,808 1,806
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,020.6 997.4 989.5 982.3 1,022 1,030 1,029 993 986 983
Aircraft and parts................ 477.5 454.7 456.0 455.4 478 460 460 456 456 456
Instruments and related products.... 848.0 850.5 846.8 847.2 849 844 849 849 847 848
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 402.2 396.6 397.8 398.9 397 393 396 396 395 394
Nondurable goods..................... 7,438 7,419 7,381 7,356 7,401 7,373 7,387 7,345 7,319 7,319
Production workers................ 5,159 5,128 5,101 5,082 5,121 5,090 5,112 5,063 5,041 5,047
Food and kindred products........... 1,701.6 1,729.0 1,712.5 1,699.2 1,673 1,679 1,680 1,670 1,659 1,671
Tobacco products.................... 40.3 34.2 37.7 37.7 38 37 37 34 36 36
Textile mill products............... 551.2 541.5 540.4 535.1 550 542 544 542 539 534
Apparel and other textile products.. 680.1 647.2 643.6 638.0 674 652 656 644 637 632
Paper and allied products........... 663.8 662.0 659.0 658.5 665 663 662 660 659 660
Printing and publishing............. 1,550.4 1,559.9 1,556.9 1,559.4 1,551 1,558 1,561 1,560 1,560 1,560
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,030.7 1,028.2 1,023.5 1,021.4 1,032 1,028 1,026 1,024 1,024 1,022
Petroleum and coal products......... 134.6 135.3 133.8 133.3 133 132 131 132 132 131
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,007.6 1,007.1 999.8 1,000.1 1,008 1,008 1,014 1,005 999 1,001
Leather and leather products........ 77.7 74.3 73.8 72.9 77 74 76 74 74 72
Service-producing1...................... 104,617 105,239 106,077 106,772 104,040 105,947 105,851 105,884 106,113 106,212
Transportation and public utilities... 6,924 6,922 7,077 7,107 6,875 6,985 7,010 6,941 7,034 7,057
Transportation...................... 4,490 4,520 4,594 4,616 4,441 4,510 4,536 4,549 4,550 4,565
Railroad transportation........... 227.1 221.1 221.1 220.3 226 217 219 221 219 219
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 506.4 437.2 514.0 521.2 489 493 502 503 501 503
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,846.7 1,874.0 1,874.8 1,878.8 1,818 1,834 1,846 1,845 1,848 1,849
Water transportation.............. 191.1 213.1 210.7 208.9 190 202 199 204 205 208
Transportation by air............. 1,240.2 1,284.4 1,283.5 1,293.7 1,241 1,279 1,282 1,288 1,288 1,295
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.5 12.6 12.4 12.4 13 12 13 12 12 12
Transportation services........... 465.6 477.9 477.8 480.7 464 473 475 476 477 479
Communications and public utilities. 2,434 2,402 2,483 2,491 2,434 2,475 2,474 2,392 2,484 2,492
Communications.................... 1,574.0 1,541.0 1,628.3 1,636.7 1,572 1,619 1,618 1,537 1,628 1,636
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 860.1 861.2 855.1 854.0 862 856 856 855 856 856
Wholesale trade....................... 6,982 7,089 7,074 7,094 6,973 7,049 7,050 7,062 7,069 7,084
Durable goods....................... 4,153 4,218 4,201 4,203 4,155 4,195 4,205 4,202 4,204 4,204
Nondurable goods.................... 2,829 2,871 2,873 2,891 2,818 2,854 2,845 2,860 2,865 2,880
Retail trade.......................... 22,858 23,350 23,217 23,163 22,863 23,122 23,196 23,191 23,170 23,174
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 998.2 1,039.7 1,016.6 1,010.7 1,004 1,018 1,018 1,021 1,016 1,016
General merchandise stores.......... 2,787.6 2,690.9 2,701.7 2,766.4 2,752 2,741 2,727 2,740 2,746 2,734
Department stores................. 2,440.3 2,345.2 2,355.5 2,414.5 2,408 2,386 2,373 2,393 2,395 2,384
Food stores......................... 3,502.2 3,537.4 3,512.0 3,530.8 3,496 3,515 3,519 3,522 3,522 3,525
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,381.8 2,444.2 2,431.9 2,439.4 2,377 2,412 2,411 2,418 2,420 2,434
New and used car dealers.......... 1,091.4 1,119.8 1,120.3 1,123.3 1,089 1,110 1,111 1,115 1,117 1,121
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,187.8 1,208.3 1,198.2 1,207.3 1,186 1,197 1,206 1,202 1,212 1,206
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,093.7 1,111.2 1,111.9 1,126.2 1,093 1,118 1,119 1,121 1,121 1,126
Eating and drinking places.......... 7,882.1 8,293.7 8,194.5 7,988.6 7,950 8,071 8,132 8,099 8,063 8,060
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,024.5 3,024.8 3,050.2 3,093.6 3,005 3,050 3,064 3,068 3,070 3,073
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,578 7,685 7,619 7,614 7,599 7,588 7,586 7,608 7,617 7,637
Finance............................. 3,691 3,735 3,719 3,719 3,704 3,705 3,708 3,717 3,728 3,733
Depository institutions........... 2,054.5 2,047.9 2,029.5 2,027.7 2,063 2,042 2,036 2,037 2,035 2,036
Commercial banks................ 1,469.3 1,459.1 1,443.9 1,441.1 1,475 1,454 1,449 1,450 1,448 1,447
Savings institutions............ 248.5 240.8 238.3 237.7 250 242 240 240 239 239
Nondepository institutions........ 702.7 684.3 684.7 683.0 706 682 683 683 688 687
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 345.3 320.2 321.3 319.6 348 321 321 319 323 322
Security and commodity brokers.... 702.0 760.0 760.9 763.2 703 741 748 753 760 764
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 231.4 242.6 243.8 245.4 232 240 241 244 245 246
Insurance........................... 2,374 2,365 2,348 2,351 2,378 2,359 2,354 2,358 2,352 2,355
Insurance carriers................ 1,609.0 1,592.5 1,578.2 1,577.9 1,612 1,593 1,585 1,587 1,581 1,581
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 765.2 772.6 770.1 773.1 766 766 769 771 771 774
Real estate......................... 1,513 1,585 1,552 1,544 1,517 1,524 1,524 1,533 1,537 1,549
Services3............................. 39,727 40,884 40,813 41,002 39,482 40,401 40,403 40,572 40,748 40,765
Agricultural services............... 802.6 870.1 844.6 834.1 774 788 794 799 801 805
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,868.0 2,072.5 1,977.5 1,931.0 1,863 1,922 1,925 1,921 1,922 1,926
Personal services................... 1,216.0 1,238.6 1,248.6 1,259.5 1,247 1,271 1,273 1,285 1,285 1,292
Business services................... 9,644.6 9,920.9 9,965.9 10014.2 9,465 9,773 9,768 9,800 9,927 9,840
Services to buildings............. 999.6 1,009.8 1,006.0 1,000.9 997 997 1,002 1,000 999 998
Personnel supply services......... 3,871.2 3,960.2 3,999.9 4,019.4 3,712 3,873 3,851 3,865 3,898 3,847
Help supply services............ 3,476.6 3,532.8 3,563.2 3,575.2 3,327 3,444 3,433 3,436 3,502 3,420
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,866.2 1,953.1 1,949.4 1,955.9 1,874 1,933 1,950 1,951 1,956 1,964
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,191.3 1,203.0 1,200.0 1,209.2 1,191 1,191 1,194 1,198 1,199 1,209
Miscellaneous repair services....... 380.0 387.3 384.9 386.8 379 384 384 384 385 386
Motion pictures..................... 613.3 649.8 620.6 618.9 624 635 634 636 629 629
Amusement and recreation services... 1,633.6 2,093.6 1,881.2 1,754.0 1,691 1,789 1,795 1,808 1,787 1,815
Health services..................... 10025.9 10177.6 10172.1 10198.0 10,027 10,116 10,143 10,161 10,183 10,200
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,891.9 1,942.6 1,942.8 1,952.0 1,893 1,928 1,930 1,935 1,945 1,953
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,786.9 1,798.2 1,794.4 1,795.6 1,785 1,786 1,787 1,793 1,793 1,794
Hospitals......................... 3,992.3 4,027.5 4,028.8 4,036.2 3,992 4,008 4,018 4,021 4,033 4,035
Home health care services......... 637.4 644.0 643.6 646.3 636 642 645 646 644 645
Legal services...................... 998.6 1,019.5 1,009.0 1,011.9 1,003 1,009 1,012 1,014 1,014 1,016
Educational services................ 2,451.9 2,060.0 2,319.3 2,536.1 2,299 2,374 2,374 2,395 2,376 2,378
Social services..................... 2,854.6 2,915.2 2,986.3 3,021.0 2,845 2,945 2,919 2,955 2,997 3,013
Child day care services........... 724.9 709.5 778.1 792.8 708 760 768 774 769 775
Residential care.................. 787.7 831.2 829.4 834.5 790 820 826 827 833 837
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 99.6 110.1 103.1 103.6 99 103 103 103 102 103
Membership organizations............ 2,416.4 2,472.2 2,425.2 2,435.2 2,431 2,441 2,429 2,433 2,448 2,450
Engineering and management services. 3,286.4 3,449.3 3,430.4 3,445.0 3,300 3,415 3,411 3,435 3,449 3,459
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 964.4 1,024.7 1,013.9 1,015.8 964 1,005 1,007 1,010 1,012 1,015
Management and public relations... 1,054.2 1,124.0 1,123.2 1,127.8 1,054 1,110 1,107 1,118 1,119 1,128
Services, nec....................... 52.0 52.7 51.9 51.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 20,548 19,309 20,277 20,792 20,248 20,802 20,606 20,510 20,475 20,495
Federal1............................ 2,631 2,659 2,622 2,615 2,647 3,092 2,819 2,657 2,632 2,632
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,768.3 1,802.1 1,765.2 1,758.0 1,779 2,230 1,954 1,790 1,767 1,769
State............................... 4,844 4,506 4,745 4,899 4,722 4,716 4,744 4,765 4,770 4,775
Education......................... 2,108.6 1,708.1 1,965.8 2,135.7 1,979 1,967 1,994 2,002 2,001 2,004
Other State government............ 2,735.0 2,797.9 2,779.3 2,763.1 2,743 2,749 2,750 2,763 2,769 2,771
Local............................... 13,073 12,144 12,910 13,278 12,879 12,994 13,043 13,088 13,073 13,088
Education......................... 7,566.7 6,238.5 7,236.0 7,646.5 7,308 7,361 7,394 7,411 7,385 7,391
Other local government............ 5,506.2 5,905.3 5,673.7 5,631.2 5,571 5,633 5,649 5,677 5,688 5,697
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, 5,000, and 6,000 in
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, and October 2000, respectively. Preliminary
estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.6 34.7 34.5 34.7 34.5 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.3
Goods-producing......................... 41.5 41.1 41.3 41.2 41.1 40.9 41.1 40.8 40.5 40.8
Mining................................ 44.5 45.0 46.0 45.7 44.1 44.7 45.3 44.6 45.3 45.2
Construction.......................... 40.0 40.2 40.0 40.1 39.1 38.7 39.3 39.2 38.5 39.2
Manufacturing......................... 42.0 41.4 41.7 41.5 41.8 41.6 41.7 41.4 41.2 41.3
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4
Durable goods........................ 42.5 41.9 42.2 42.0 42.3 42.2 42.4 41.9 41.7 41.8
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6
Lumber and wood products............ 41.4 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.1 40.8 41.1 40.4 40.5 40.7
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.5 39.8 40.2 39.6 40.1 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.3 39.3
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.0 43.8 44.0 43.9 43.5 42.9 43.7 43.2 43.2 43.4
Primary metal industries............ 44.3 43.5 43.9 43.4 44.3 43.9 44.3 43.7 43.7 43.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.9 44.3 44.5 43.8 45.2 45.0 45.2 44.4 44.6 44.1
Fabricated metal products........... 42.5 42.1 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.1 41.9 41.9
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.2 42.0 42.0 42.1 42.3 42.5 42.6 42.2 41.7 42.2
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.8 41.0 41.5 41.4 41.6 41.4 41.9 41.0 41.1 41.2
Transportation equipment............ 44.0 43.1 43.5 43.3 43.8 44.0 43.9 43.4 42.7 43.0
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.2 44.0 44.3 44.1 45.0 45.3 44.5 44.5 43.2 43.9
Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.0 41.1 40.8 41.5 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.1 40.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.1 39.5 39.7 39.7 39.8 39.4 39.7 39.4 39.2 39.3
Nondurable goods..................... 41.3 40.6 41.0 40.8 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2
Food and kindred products........... 42.4 41.7 42.2 41.8 41.9 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.4 41.3
Tobacco products.................... 42.3 40.2 41.5 40.3 40.8 39.4 40.5 39.9 40.6 38.9
Textile mill products............... 41.5 40.9 41.1 41.0 41.2 41.1 41.2 40.7 40.8 40.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.7 37.0 36.9 36.8 37.5 37.0 37.3 36.9 36.7 36.6
Paper and allied products........... 43.8 42.1 43.0 43.0 43.5 42.8 42.4 42.4 42.7 42.7
Printing and publishing............. 38.6 38.0 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.1 37.9 37.9 38.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 43.1 42.9 43.2 43.2 43.0 42.9 43.4 43.0 43.0 43.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 44.1 45.2 45.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.6 41.0 41.4 41.1 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.2 41.1 41.0
Leather and leather products........ 37.8 37.8 38.0 37.8 37.6 37.8 37.1 37.1 37.4 37.6
Service-producing....................... 32.8 33.1 32.7 33.0 32.9 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.7
Transportation and public utilities... 38.4 38.7 38.8 39.3 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.2 38.6 39.0
Wholesale trade....................... 38.5 38.3 38.4 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.2
Retail trade.......................... 28.9 29.5 28.8 29.0 29.0 29.0 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.0 36.1 36.7 36.4 36.5 36.3 36.1 36.4 36.2
Services.............................. 32.7 32.9 32.5 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.5
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.41 $13.67 $13.87 $13.95 $463.99 $474.35 $478.52 $484.07
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.38 13.80 13.83 13.89 461.61 473.34 475.75 476.43
Goods-producing......................... 15.07 15.50 15.61 15.63 625.41 637.05 644.69 643.96
Mining................................ 17.05 16.94 17.04 17.06 758.73 762.30 783.84 779.64
Construction.......................... 17.54 18.04 18.18 18.23 701.60 725.21 727.20 731.02
Manufacturing......................... 14.03 14.37 14.49 14.51 589.26 594.92 604.23 602.17
Durable goods........................ 14.55 14.93 15.05 15.06 618.38 625.57 635.11 632.52
Lumber and wood products............ 11.60 11.83 11.88 11.93 480.24 483.85 487.08 489.13
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.33 11.82 11.88 11.88 458.87 470.44 477.58 470.45
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.00 14.41 14.54 14.60 616.00 631.16 639.76 640.94
Primary metal industries............ 16.01 16.57 16.66 16.53 709.24 720.80 731.37 717.40
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.90 19.56 19.58 19.20 848.61 866.51 871.31 840.96
Fabricated metal products........... 13.52 13.90 14.01 14.02 574.60 585.19 594.02 591.64
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.18 15.66 15.75 15.72 640.60 657.72 661.50 661.81
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.60 13.81 13.82 13.86 568.48 566.21 573.53 573.80
Transportation equipment............ 18.41 19.02 19.30 19.34 810.04 819.76 839.55 837.42
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.85 19.58 19.88 19.96 852.02 861.52 880.68 880.24
Instruments and related products.... 14.36 14.65 14.76 14.81 594.50 600.65 606.64 604.25
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.45 11.60 11.71 11.78 459.15 458.20 464.89 467.67
Nondurable goods..................... 13.25 13.52 13.64 13.65 547.23 548.91 559.24 556.92
Food and kindred products........... 12.09 12.40 12.52 12.46 512.62 517.08 528.34 520.83
Tobacco products.................... 17.82 20.95 18.73 18.08 753.79 842.19 777.30 728.62
Textile mill products............... 10.73 10.97 11.06 11.03 445.30 448.67 454.57 452.23
Apparel and other textile products.. 8.99 9.09 9.17 9.16 338.92 336.33 338.37 337.09
Paper and allied products........... 16.09 16.18 16.32 16.36 704.74 681.18 701.76 703.48
Printing and publishing............. 13.98 14.29 14.47 14.47 539.63 543.02 555.65 554.20
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.61 17.94 18.10 18.15 758.99 769.63 781.92 784.08
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.62 21.01 21.15 21.47 933.98 926.54 955.98 970.44
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.42 12.81 12.87 12.89 516.67 525.21 532.82 529.78
Leather and leather products........ 9.91 10.15 10.21 10.21 374.60 383.67 387.98 385.94
Service-producing....................... 12.87 13.10 13.32 13.43 422.14 433.61 435.56 443.19
Transportation and public utilities... 15.78 16.22 16.31 16.37 605.95 627.71 632.83 643.34
Wholesale trade....................... 14.74 15.17 15.33 15.46 567.49 581.01 588.67 596.76
Retail trade.......................... 9.21 9.40 9.56 9.57 266.17 277.30 275.33 277.53
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.69 14.99 15.11 15.26 530.31 539.64 545.47 560.04
Services.............................. 13.51 13.70 13.96 14.09 441.78 450.73 453.70 462.15
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
Sept. 2000-
Oct. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.38 $13.70 $13.75 $13.80 $13.83 $13.89 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.85 7.86 7.90 7.87 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.99 15.34 15.40 15.45 15.45 15.55 .6
Mining...................... 17.09 17.24 17.23 17.05 17.04 17.09 .3
Construction................ 17.33 17.77 17.90 17.93 17.98 18.01 .2
Manufacturing............... 14.06 14.36 14.39 14.43 14.42 14.53 .8
Excluding overtime4....... 13.31 13.60 13.64 13.69 13.73 13.80 .5
Service-producing............. 12.86 13.19 13.23 13.28 13.33 13.38 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.79 16.28 16.17 16.26 16.30 16.38 .5
Wholesale trade............. 14.75 15.16 15.22 15.24 15.35 15.38 .2
Retail trade................ 9.18 9.43 9.45 9.49 9.53 9.54 .1
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.73 15.05 15.03 15.12 15.18 15.19 .1
Services.................... 13.51 13.82 13.89 13.94 13.97 14.04 .5
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.4 percent from August 2000 to September 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 150.3 154.2 152.7 153.8 149.3 151.3 151.4 150.9 151.4 151.5
Goods-producing......................... 118.9 119.3 119.2 118.7 116.0 116.3 117.4 115.8 114.9 115.7
Mining................................ 51.6 52.3 53.4 53.1 50.3 51.4 51.9 50.8 51.6 51.7
Construction.......................... 189.8 201.2 198.0 197.6 177.5 181.4 184.1 183.3 181.3 185.3
Manufacturing......................... 107.9 105.9 106.4 105.8 107.0 106.4 107.2 105.3 104.6 104.8
Durable goods........................ 112.4 110.5 111.1 110.6 111.8 111.8 113.0 110.6 109.6 110.0
Lumber and wood products............ 150.6 147.2 145.6 145.0 148.2 145.8 146.7 142.9 142.6 142.5
Furniture and fixtures.............. 140.4 138.2 138.9 136.6 139.0 139.5 140.1 136.9 136.2 135.3
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.4 118.6 118.6 118.0 115.2 114.1 117.3 114.9 114.6 114.9
Primary metal industries............ 91.6 89.5 90.4 88.9 91.7 91.0 91.9 90.4 89.9 88.8
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.2 70.2 69.8 67.9 72.2 70.7 71.4 70.1 70.1 68.9
Fabricated metal products........... 120.5 120.5 121.4 121.2 119.5 121.9 123.3 121.1 120.0 120.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 103.8 103.8 103.9 103.9 104.5 105.7 106.5 105.4 103.4 104.8
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 108.0 107.7 109.2 109.1 107.4 107.8 110.4 108.1 107.9 108.3
Transportation equipment............ 126.4 119.8 121.1 120.5 126.4 125.9 125.7 120.7 119.0 120.2
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 169.9 159.6 161.1 159.5 170.1 171.2 167.7 161.3 157.0 159.8
Instruments and related products.... 76.1 73.9 74.0 73.4 76.3 74.3 75.2 74.2 74.2 73.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 105.9 100.5 101.4 101.9 103.0 100.1 100.9 100.1 98.9 99.1
Nondurable goods..................... 101.7 99.5 100.0 99.1 100.3 99.0 99.4 98.2 97.7 97.8
Food and kindred products........... 122.0 122.4 122.7 120.4 118.0 117.3 117.1 116.3 115.4 116.6
Tobacco products.................... 61.1 44.6 53.0 51.9 54.6 48.8 50.2 43.5 50.3 46.3
Textile mill products............... 80.4 77.9 78.0 77.1 79.9 78.6 78.9 77.5 77.3 76.4
Apparel and other textile products.. 59.8 55.8 55.4 54.8 58.9 56.1 57.3 55.5 54.6 53.9
Paper and allied products........... 107.3 103.1 105.0 105.0 106.7 105.2 103.8 103.6 104.1 104.5
Printing and publishing............. 123.0 122.4 123.2 123.0 122.0 122.4 122.7 122.0 121.9 122.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 103.1 101.6 101.9 102.1 103.0 102.0 103.2 101.7 101.6 101.8
Petroleum and coal products......... 73.2 64.8 64.8 64.3 71.3 62.9 64.6 63.0 61.2 62.6
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 148.0 145.4 145.8 144.8 147.4 147.6 148.5 146.1 144.8 144.5
Leather and leather products........ 33.5 31.8 31.7 31.0 32.9 31.9 31.9 31.4 31.0 30.6
Service-producing....................... 164.5 169.8 167.7 169.6 164.3 167.0 166.6 166.7 167.8 167.6
Transportation and public utilities... 134.8 136.4 140.6 142.6 133.8 136.4 138.7 135.1 138.9 140.4
Wholesale trade....................... 131.6 133.1 132.8 133.6 131.8 133.0 132.6 132.2 133.0 132.0
Retail trade.......................... 142.8 149.4 144.8 145.4 143.6 145.3 144.7 144.6 144.4 144.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.0 140.4 139.1 141.3 139.6 139.8 139.2 138.8 140.4 140.0
Services.............................. 205.9 213.4 210.6 213.5 204.6 209.5 208.4 210.0 211.2 210.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 p51.0 p57.3
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 p55.6 p53.5
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 p55.3 p55.6
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 63.8 p60.7 p60.4
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 p36.7 p46.0
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 p34.9 p30.2
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 p36.7 p34.9
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 44.6 p38.5 p39.2
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: December 11, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_oct2000.htm
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