Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-397
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, November 2, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER 2001
Employment fell sharply in October, and the unemployment rate jumped to
5.4 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment dropped by 415,000 over the
month, by far the largest of three consecutive monthly declines. The job
losses in October were spread across most industry groups, with especially
large declines in manufacturing and services.
The labor market data from the household and payroll surveys for the
month of October are the first data from these surveys to reflect broadly
the impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11. The labor market had
been weakening before the attacks, and those events clearly exacerbated
this weakness. It is not possible, however, to quantify the job-market
effects of the terrorist attacks.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons increased by 732,000 to 7.7 million in
October. The unemployment rate rose by 0.5 percentage point to 5.4 percent,
seasonally adjusted, the highest level since December 1996. Since October
2000, when both measures had reached their most recent lows, the unemployment
level has risen by 2.2 million and the rate by 1.5 percentage points.
(See table A-1.)
The unemployment rates for most of the major worker groups--adult men
(4.8 percent), adult women (4.8 percent), whites (4.8 percent), blacks
(9.7 percent), and Hispanics (7.2 percent)--rose in October. (See tables
A-1 and A-2.)
The number of newly unemployed persons, those unemployed for less than
5 weeks, rose by 401,000 to 3.2 million in October. (See table A-6.) The
number of unemployed job losers not on temporary layoff grew by 518,000
over the month and has increased by 1.4 million since last December.
(See table A-7.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment dropped by 619,000 in October to 134.6 million, seasonally
adjusted, and the employment-population ratio fell by 0.4 percentage point to
63.3 percent. Since January, employment has fallen by about 1.4 million, and
the employment ratio has declined by 1.2 percentage points. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons rose by
274,000 in October to 4.5 million, seasonally adjusted. These are persons
who would have preferred to work full time but worked part time because
their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-
time job. Since August, the number of persons who worked part time for
economic reasons has increased by about 1.1 million. Most of this rise
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| Sept.-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | Oct.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| II | III | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,461| 141,771| 141,350| 142,190| 142,303| 113
Employment..........| 135,130| 134,984| 134,393| 135,181| 134,562| -619
Unemployment........| 6,331| 6,787| 6,957| 7,009| 7,741| 732
Not in labor force....| 70,072| 70,367| 70,785| 70,167| 70,279| 112
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.5| 4.8| 4.9| 4.9| 5.4| 0.5
Adult men...........| 4.0| 4.2| 4.4| 4.3| 4.8| .5
Adult women.........| 3.8| 4.2| 4.2| 4.4| 4.8| .4
Teenagers...........| 14.0| 15.2| 16.1| 14.7| 15.5| .8
White...............| 3.9| 4.2| 4.3| 4.3| 4.8| .5
Black...............| 8.2| 8.6| 9.1| 8.7| 9.7| 1.0
Hispanic origin.....| 6.5| 6.2| 6.3| 6.4| 7.2| .8
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,483|p132,342| 132,395|p132,182|p131,767| p-415
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,310| p24,986| 24,963| p24,873| p24,699| p-174
Construction......| 6,866| p6,863| 6,861| p6,862| p6,832| p-30
Manufacturing.....| 17,882| p17,555| 17,533| p17,443| p17,301| p-142
Service-producing 1/| 107,173|p107,356| 107,432|p107,309|p107,068| p-241
Retail trade......| 23,546| p23,570| 23,583| p23,522| p23,441| p-81
Services..........| 41,052| p41,094| 41,129| p41,106| p40,995| p-111
Government........| 20,782| p20,980| 21,005| p21,003| p21,027| p24
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.2| p34.1| 34.0| p34.1| p34.0| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......| 40.8| p40.7| 40.7| p40.6| p40.4| p-.2
Overtime..........| 3.9| p4.0| 4.1| p3.9| p3.8| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.4| p150.3| 150.1| p149.9| p148.8| p-1.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.25| p$14.40| $14.40| p$14.45| p$14.47| p$0.02
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 487.46| p490.93| 489.60| p492.75| p491.98| p-.77
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
has been among persons whose hours were cut due to slack work or business
conditions. (See table A-4.)
Both the total number of persons in the civilian labor force (142.3
million) and the labor force participation rate (66.9 percent) were little
changed in October. (See table A-1.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in October, up from 1.0 million a year earlier.
These persons wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because
they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. The number of discouraged workers was 330,000 in October, up from
230,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 415,000 in October to 131.8 million,
seasonally adjusted. This was the largest employment decrease since May
1980 and followed a decline of 213,000 in September. Since the recent
employment peak in March, overall job losses have totaled 887,000; losses
in the private sector have totaled 1.2 million. In October, employment was
down in nearly every major industry. (See table B-1.)
Widespread job losses continued in manufacturing, as factory employment
fell by 142,000. October was the 15th consecutive month of factory job
losses, bringing the decline in employment since July 2000 to 1.3 million.
In October, large employment cutbacks continued in both electrical equip-
ment (22,000) and industrial machinery (21,000). These two industries
have accounted for a third of the factory jobs lost since July 2000. Auto
manufacturing declined by 21,000 over the month.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, employment in construction
fell by 30,000, following 3 months of little change. In October, declines
in general building contracting and heavy construction were coupled with
continued decreases in special trades. Since May, employment in special
trades has fallen by 56,000. In mining, oil and gas extraction lost 4,000
jobs in October. Employment in the industry had grown during the first
half of this year but has weakened in recent months due to sharp declines
in the price of oil.
The services industry lost 111,000 jobs in October, the largest decline
in the history of this series. A sizable decrease in help supply employ-
ment (107,000), which provides workers to other businesses, reflected
economic uncertainty in other industries. Subsequent to the September 11
terrorist attacks, employment declines accelerated markedly in travel-
related industries, including hotels (46,000) and auto services (13,000),
notably in auto rental agencies and in parking services. In October, job
growth slowed in health services, but the industry has added nearly a
quarter of a million jobs thus far this year. Educational and social
services both added jobs over the month.
- 4 -
Retail trade employment declined for the third straight month in Octo-
ber, with an over-the-month decrease of 81,000. About half the October
losses were in eating and drinking places, where employment was down by
115,000 since July. Over the month, employment decreased in apparel stores
and miscellaneous retail establishments, after seasonal adjustment; these
industries added fewer workers than usual at the beginning of the holiday
employment buildup.
Employment declines continued in transportation and public utilities
with a loss of 55,000 jobs in October. Over-the-month job losses occurred
in air transportation (42,000) and transportation services (11,000), which
includes travel agencies. Declines in these industries accelerated sharply
following the September 11 attacks.
Wholesale trade employment fell by 23,000 jobs in October, following a
similar loss in September. Since its last peak in November 2000, the
industry has lost 105,000 jobs. Over-the-month declines were concentrated
in durable goods distribution.
Slow growth continued for the third consecutive month in finance,
insurance, and real estate, following losses in June and July. Over the
month, employment in mortgage banking remained on an upward trend, as that
industry continued to benefit from low interest rates. In contrast,
security brokerages lost jobs again in October; since March, employment in
the industry has fallen by 31,000.
Employment in local government, excluding education, increased by
26,000 in October, after seasonal adjustment. The industry had shown no
growth in the prior 2 months. Other parts of government were little
changed in October.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in October to 34.0 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to
40.4 hours. Manufacturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.8 hours.
Since July 2000, the factory workweek has fallen by 1.4 hours and factory
overtime by 0.9 hour. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.7 percent in October to 148.8
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index is down by 2.2 percent from its
recent peak in January. The manufacturing index fell by 1.3 percent to
94.7 in October and has fallen by 11.5 percent since July 2000. (See
table B-5.)
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Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in October to $14.47,
seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of 5 cents (as revised) in
September. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.2 percent in October to
$491.98. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 4.1 percent
and average weekly earnings grew by 2.9 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for November 2001 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, December 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
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| New Seasonal Factors for Establishment Survey Data |
| |
| Following usual practice, the 6-month updates to seasonal adjust-|
| ment factors for the establishment survey data will be introduced |
| with next month's release of November data. These factors will be |
| used for the September 2001 through April 2002 estimates and will be|
| published in the December 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings. |
| These factors will be available on Friday, November 30, on the |
| Internet (http://www.bls.gov/ces/) or by calling (202) 691-6555. |
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Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 7 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 8 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 9 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 210,378 212,357 212,581 210,378 211,725 211,921 212,135 212,357 212,581
Civilian labor force............................ 140,893 141,576 142,004 141,000 141,354 141,774 141,350 142,190 142,303
Participation rate........................ 67.0 66.7 66.8 67.0 66.8 66.9 66.6 67.0 66.9
Employed...................................... 135,771 134,868 134,898 135,464 134,932 135,379 134,393 135,181 134,562
Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 63.5 63.5 64.4 63.7 63.9 63.4 63.7 63.3
Agriculture................................. 3,277 3,371 3,265 3,241 2,995 3,045 3,117 3,220 3,200
Nonagricultural industries.................. 132,494 131,497 131,633 132,223 131,937 132,334 131,276 131,961 131,362
Unemployed.................................... 5,122 6,708 7,106 5,536 6,422 6,395 6,957 7,009 7,741
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 4.7 5.0 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.4
Not in labor force.............................. 69,485 70,781 70,577 69,378 70,370 70,147 70,785 70,167 70,279
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,051 4,348 4,338 4,377 4,600 4,529 4,858 4,539 4,700
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,075 102,110 102,229 101,075 101,786 101,885 101,995 102,110 102,229
Civilian labor force............................ 75,231 75,689 75,811 75,371 75,462 75,719 75,518 76,058 76,051
Participation rate........................ 74.4 74.1 74.2 74.6 74.1 74.3 74.0 74.5 74.4
Employed...................................... 72,552 72,284 72,017 72,427 71,926 72,279 71,690 72,333 71,871
Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 70.8 70.4 71.7 70.7 70.9 70.3 70.8 70.3
Unemployed.................................... 2,679 3,405 3,794 2,944 3,535 3,439 3,828 3,724 4,179
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 4.5 5.0 3.9 4.7 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,969 93,917 94,015 92,969 93,616 93,708 93,810 93,917 94,015
Civilian labor force............................ 71,185 71,750 71,901 71,155 71,346 71,555 71,514 71,894 71,953
Participation rate........................ 76.6 76.4 76.5 76.5 76.2 76.4 76.2 76.6 76.5
Employed...................................... 69,011 68,952 68,748 68,774 68,466 68,745 68,402 68,826 68,481
Employment-population ratio............... 74.2 73.4 73.1 74.0 73.1 73.4 72.9 73.3 72.8
Agriculture................................. 2,264 2,301 2,184 2,219 2,035 2,028 2,140 2,175 2,117
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,747 66,651 66,564 66,555 66,430 66,717 66,262 66,651 66,365
Unemployed.................................... 2,175 2,799 3,152 2,381 2,880 2,810 3,112 3,069 3,472
Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.9 4.4 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.8
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,303 110,247 110,353 109,303 109,939 110,035 110,140 110,247 110,353
Civilian labor force............................ 65,662 65,887 66,194 65,629 65,893 66,055 65,833 66,132 66,252
Participation rate........................ 60.1 59.8 60.0 60.0 59.9 60.0 59.8 60.0 60.0
Employed...................................... 63,219 62,584 62,881 63,037 63,006 63,100 62,703 62,848 62,691
Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 56.8 57.0 57.7 57.3 57.3 56.9 57.0 56.8
Unemployed.................................... 2,443 3,303 3,312 2,592 2,887 2,956 3,130 3,284 3,562
Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 5.0 5.0 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,448 102,277 102,371 101,448 102,023 102,067 102,165 102,277 102,371
Civilian labor force............................ 61,747 62,230 62,358 61,528 61,890 62,145 62,172 62,242 62,252
Participation rate........................ 60.9 60.8 60.9 60.6 60.7 60.9 60.9 60.9 60.8
Employed...................................... 59,788 59,446 59,587 59,425 59,510 59,752 59,562 59,489 59,237
Employment-population ratio............... 58.9 58.1 58.2 58.6 58.3 58.5 58.3 58.2 57.9
Agriculture................................. 753 842 853 748 752 773 766 826 853
Nonagricultural industries.................. 59,035 58,604 58,734 58,677 58,759 58,978 58,796 58,663 58,384
Unemployed.................................... 1,959 2,784 2,771 2,103 2,380 2,394 2,610 2,754 3,016
Unemployment rate......................... 3.2 4.5 4.4 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,960 16,163 16,195 15,960 16,086 16,145 16,161 16,163 16,195
Civilian labor force............................ 7,960 7,595 7,745 8,317 8,118 8,074 7,664 8,054 8,097
Participation rate........................ 49.9 47.0 47.8 52.1 50.5 50.0 47.4 49.8 50.0
Employed...................................... 6,972 6,469 6,563 7,265 6,956 6,883 6,429 6,867 6,844
Employment-population ratio............... 43.7 40.0 40.5 45.5 43.2 42.6 39.8 42.5 42.3
Agriculture................................. 260 228 227 274 209 244 211 219 231
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,712 6,242 6,335 6,991 6,748 6,638 6,218 6,648 6,613
Unemployed.................................... 988 1,126 1,182 1,052 1,162 1,191 1,236 1,187 1,253
Unemployment rate......................... 12.4 14.8 15.3 12.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7 15.5
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,899 176,220 176,372 174,899 175,789 175,924 176,069 176,220 176,372
Civilian labor force............................ 117,477 117,853 118,251 117,603 117,733 117,982 117,726 118,290 118,597
Participation rate.......................... 67.2 66.9 67.0 67.2 67.0 67.1 66.9 67.1 67.2
Employed...................................... 113,807 113,013 113,104 113,584 113,037 113,237 112,703 113,201 112,900
Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 64.1 64.1 64.9 64.3 64.4 64.0 64.2 64.0
Unemployed.................................... 3,669 4,840 5,147 4,019 4,696 4,745 5,024 5,089 5,696
Unemployment rate........................... 3.1 4.1 4.4 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,258 60,672 60,875 60,286 60,389 60,432 60,575 60,784 61,031
Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.8 76.9 76.9 76.6 76.6 76.7 76.9 77.1
Employed...................................... 58,724 58,610 58,495 58,557 58,244 58,362 58,297 58,493 58,320
Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 74.2 73.9 74.7 73.9 74.0 73.8 74.0 73.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,535 2,063 2,380 1,729 2,145 2,069 2,278 2,292 2,711
Unemployment rate........................... 2.5 3.4 3.9 2.9 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,461 50,713 50,839 50,281 50,431 50,684 50,656 50,651 50,759
Participation rate.......................... 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.0 59.9 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.1
Employed...................................... 49,057 48,773 48,911 48,777 48,749 48,925 48,839 48,724 48,668
Employment-population ratio................. 58.5 57.8 57.9 58.2 57.9 58.1 57.9 57.8 57.6
Unemployed.................................... 1,405 1,941 1,928 1,504 1,682 1,759 1,817 1,927 2,091
Unemployment rate........................... 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,757 6,468 6,537 7,036 6,913 6,866 6,495 6,855 6,807
Participation rate.......................... 53.2 50.4 50.9 55.4 54.0 53.6 50.7 53.5 53.0
Employed...................................... 6,027 5,630 5,698 6,250 6,044 5,950 5,567 5,984 5,912
Employment-population ratio................. 47.5 43.9 44.4 49.2 47.2 46.5 43.4 46.7 46.1
Unemployed.................................... 730 837 839 786 869 916 928 870 895
Unemployment rate........................... 10.8 12.9 12.8 11.2 12.6 13.3 14.3 12.7 13.1
Men....................................... 10.9 13.3 13.9 11.8 14.5 13.7 15.8 13.5 14.8
Women..................................... 10.7 12.5 11.8 10.5 10.6 13.0 12.7 11.9 11.5
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,339 25,644 25,686 25,339 25,533 25,565 25,604 25,644 25,686
Civilian labor force............................ 16,634 16,719 16,733 16,627 16,756 16,693 16,712 16,792 16,735
Participation rate.......................... 65.6 65.2 65.1 65.6 65.6 65.3 65.3 65.5 65.2
Employed...................................... 15,469 15,269 15,202 15,401 15,343 15,374 15,195 15,327 15,104
Employment-population ratio................. 61.0 59.5 59.2 60.8 60.1 60.1 59.3 59.8 58.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,165 1,450 1,531 1,226 1,413 1,320 1,517 1,466 1,631
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 8.7 9.1 7.4 8.4 7.9 9.1 8.7 9.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,443 7,436 7,393 7,383 7,317 7,395 7,424 7,468 7,319
Participation rate.......................... 73.2 72.3 71.7 72.6 71.5 72.1 72.3 72.6 71.0
Employed...................................... 6,945 6,897 6,817 6,868 6,744 6,808 6,752 6,904 6,730
Employment-population ratio................. 68.3 67.1 66.2 67.5 65.9 66.4 65.8 67.1 65.3
Unemployed.................................... 498 538 576 515 573 586 672 564 589
Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 7.2 7.8 7.0 7.8 7.9 9.0 7.6 8.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,272 8,433 8,441 8,262 8,491 8,409 8,424 8,424 8,461
Participation rate.......................... 65.1 65.5 65.5 65.0 66.3 65.5 65.6 65.4 65.6
Employed...................................... 7,822 7,764 7,752 7,786 7,917 7,903 7,842 7,772 7,706
Employment-population ratio................. 61.5 60.3 60.1 61.3 61.8 61.6 61.0 60.4 59.8
Unemployed.................................... 450 669 689 476 573 506 582 652 755
Unemployment rate........................... 5.4 7.9 8.2 5.8 6.8 6.0 6.9 7.7 8.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 919 851 898 982 948 890 864 901 955
Participation rate.......................... 37.4 34.2 36.1 39.9 38.2 35.8 34.8 36.2 38.4
Employed...................................... 702 608 632 747 681 663 601 651 668
Employment-population ratio................. 28.5 24.4 25.4 30.4 27.5 26.7 24.2 26.2 26.8
Unemployed.................................... 217 243 266 235 267 227 263 250 287
Unemployment rate........................... 23.6 28.5 29.7 23.9 28.2 25.5 30.4 27.7 30.1
Men....................................... 25.3 29.8 30.0 27.0 30.7 26.9 32.5 30.5 31.2
Women..................................... 22.3 27.1 29.4 21.2 26.0 24.3 28.1 24.8 29.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,618 23,288 23,351 22,618 23,090 23,157 23,222 23,288 23,351
Civilian labor force............................ 15,503 15,815 16,007 15,491 15,570 15,788 15,772 15,813 16,004
Participation rate.......................... 68.5 67.9 68.5 68.5 67.4 68.2 67.9 67.9 68.5
Employed...................................... 14,743 14,817 14,903 14,711 14,538 14,843 14,778 14,802 14,858
Employment-population ratio................. 65.2 63.6 63.8 65.0 63.0 64.1 63.6 63.6 63.6
Unemployed.................................... 760 998 1,104 780 1,032 945 994 1,010 1,146
Unemployment rate........................... 4.9 6.3 6.9 5.0 6.6 6.0 6.3 6.4 7.2
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,931 27,478 27,325 27,931 28,504 27,679 27,468 27,478 27,325
Civilian labor force.................... 12,162 12,126 12,037 12,192 12,170 12,188 11,799 11,859 12,073
Percent of population............... 43.5 44.1 44.1 43.7 42.7 44.0 43.0 43.2 44.2
Employed.............................. 11,437 11,271 11,183 11,408 11,338 11,380 10,943 10,932 11,139
Employment-population ratio......... 40.9 41.0 40.9 40.8 39.8 41.1 39.8 39.8 40.8
Unemployed............................ 724 855 854 784 831 808 856 927 934
Unemployment rate................... 6.0 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.8 6.6 7.3 7.8 7.7
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,365 57,400 57,221 57,365 57,099 56,947 57,513 57,400 57,221
Civilian labor force.................... 36,979 36,712 36,782 36,985 36,821 36,970 37,096 36,873 36,855
Percent of population............... 64.5 64.0 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.9 64.5 64.2 64.4
Employed.............................. 35,783 35,232 35,208 35,707 35,391 35,468 35,460 35,303 35,137
Employment-population ratio......... 62.4 61.4 61.5 62.2 62.0 62.3 61.7 61.5 61.4
Unemployed............................ 1,196 1,479 1,575 1,278 1,431 1,502 1,636 1,571 1,717
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.7
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,767 45,424 45,471 44,767 44,812 45,444 45,339 45,424 45,471
Civilian labor force.................... 33,179 33,585 33,583 32,896 33,314 33,296 33,481 33,880 33,331
Percent of population............... 74.1 73.9 73.9 73.5 74.3 73.3 73.8 74.6 73.3
Employed.............................. 32,423 32,467 32,295 32,103 32,263 32,301 32,407 32,696 31,975
Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.5 71.0 71.7 72.0 71.1 71.5 72.0 70.3
Unemployed............................ 755 1,117 1,288 793 1,051 994 1,075 1,184 1,356
Unemployment rate................... 2.3 3.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.1
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,785 46,870 47,371 45,785 46,348 46,784 46,734 46,870 47,371
Civilian labor force.................... 36,161 36,998 37,354 36,022 36,592 36,634 36,649 36,896 37,281
Percent of population............... 79.0 78.9 78.9 78.7 78.9 78.3 78.4 78.7 78.7
Employed.............................. 35,612 36,072 36,404 35,431 35,796 35,859 35,870 36,000 36,259
Employment-population ratio......... 77.8 77.0 76.8 77.4 77.2 76.6 76.8 76.8 76.5
Unemployed............................ 550 926 950 591 796 775 779 896 1,023
Unemployment rate................... 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,771 134,868 134,898 135,464 134,932 135,379 134,393 135,181 134,562
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,710 43,436 43,319 43,345 43,428 43,294 43,172 43,091 42,932
Married women, spouse present................... 34,008 33,597 33,492 33,622 33,380 33,603 33,805 33,664 33,160
Women who maintain families..................... 8,475 8,381 8,264 8,449 8,529 8,567 8,323 8,240 8,215
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,977 41,899 42,148 40,745 41,987 41,917 41,750 41,775 41,974
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,440 38,645 38,489 39,521 38,998 39,067 38,664 39,114 38,566
Service occupations............................. 18,229 18,210 18,071 18,555 18,576 18,642 18,052 18,357 18,421
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,083 14,866 14,914 15,050 14,794 14,997 15,050 14,941 14,840
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,663 17,730 17,951 18,305 17,564 17,571 17,655 17,679 17,583
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,378 3,517 3,326 3,318 3,136 3,166 3,154 3,306 3,251
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,063 2,003 1,945 2,041 1,775 1,786 1,850 1,884 1,909
Self-employed workers......................... 1,179 1,342 1,292 1,182 1,166 1,256 1,239 1,290 1,299
Unpaid family workers......................... 35 26 27 32 36 22 29 23 25
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,690 122,744 122,943 123,461 123,009 123,432 122,686 123,278 122,658
Government.................................. 19,009 19,222 19,235 19,073 18,812 18,919 19,219 19,397 19,274
Private industries.......................... 104,682 103,522 103,708 104,388 104,197 104,513 103,467 103,881 103,384
Private households........................ 787 768 848 812 744 790 827 809 875
Other industries.......................... 103,895 102,754 102,860 103,576 103,453 103,723 102,640 103,072 102,509
Self-employed workers......................... 8,678 8,657 8,598 8,561 8,741 8,574 8,481 8,563 8,487
Unpaid family workers......................... 126 95 93 136 94 88 113 102 105
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,851 3,765 3,954 3,222 3,637 3,466 3,326 4,188 4,462
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,708 2,561 2,706 1,909 2,299 2,120 2,086 2,861 3,023
Could only find part-time work.............. 873 1,005 1,032 947 1,025 999 935 1,081 1,134
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,583 18,994 19,451 18,758 18,472 18,845 19,153 18,825 18,595
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,704 3,648 3,825 3,044 3,532 3,336 3,196 4,045 4,342
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,609 2,480 2,623 1,808 2,234 2,059 2,004 2,759 2,953
Could only find part-time work.............. 856 988 1,017 923 1,024 985 911 1,070 1,108
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,030 18,406 18,878 18,206 18,039 18,309 18,580 18,278 18,031
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,536 7,009 7,741 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.4
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,381 3,069 3,472 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.8
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,103 2,754 3,016 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,052 1,187 1,253 12.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7 15.5
Married men, spouse present.................... 913 1,197 1,384 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.1
Married women, spouse present.................. 862 1,165 1,275 2.5 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.7
Women who maintain families.................... 482 623 607 5.4 6.3 6.2 6.7 7.0 6.9
Full-time workers.............................. 4,456 5,908 6,353 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.4
Part-time workers.............................. 1,087 1,107 1,393 4.5 5.3 5.1 5.6 4.5 5.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 725 1,032 1,183 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.7
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,471 1,762 1,909 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.7
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 532 758 926 3.4 4.5 4.2 4.8 4.8 5.9
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,250 1,430 1,685 6.4 7.9 7.2 7.7 7.5 8.7
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 238 252 210 6.7 6.2 7.5 8.7 7.1 6.1
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,401 5,707 6,494 4.0 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.9
Goods-producing industries................... 1,353 1,725 1,928 4.7 5.5 5.6 6.2 6.2 6.9
Mining..................................... 37 27 39 7.1 6.8 3.7 4.3 4.8 7.0
Construction............................... 517 642 702 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.5 7.6 8.4
Manufacturing.............................. 799 1,056 1,186 4.0 5.0 5.1 5.7 5.6 6.2
Durable goods............................ 461 659 813 3.8 5.0 4.7 5.8 5.6 6.9
Nondurable goods......................... 338 397 373 4.3 4.9 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.2
Service-producing industries................. 3,048 3,982 4,566 3.8 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.6
Transportation and public utilities........ 220 311 491 2.8 4.4 3.3 3.5 3.9 6.0
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,326 1,643 1,673 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 185 228 221 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.7
Services................................... 1,317 1,800 2,181 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.9 4.8 5.7
Government workers............................. 399 423 468 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 197 143 186 8.8 9.6 10.9 10.2 7.1 8.9
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,330 2,792 2,896 2,510 2,809 2,612 3,004 2,764 3,165
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,548 2,127 2,267 1,755 2,084 2,150 2,100 2,361 2,570
15 weeks and over................................ 1,244 1,790 1,943 1,311 1,540 1,587 1,817 1,884 2,062
15 to 26 weeks................................ 647 1,002 1,081 702 804 935 982 1,089 1,174
27 weeks and over............................. 597 787 862 609 737 652 835 795 888
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.0 13.1 13.5 12.4 13.0 12.5 13.3 13.1 13.0
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.0 7.2 7.3 6.1 6.2 6.7 6.5 7.4 7.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 45.5 41.6 40.8 45.0 43.7 41.1 43.4 39.4 40.6
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 30.2 31.7 31.9 31.5 32.4 33.9 30.3 33.7 33.0
15 weeks and over.............................. 24.3 26.7 27.3 23.5 23.9 25.0 26.3 26.9 26.4
15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.6 14.9 15.2 12.6 12.5 14.7 14.2 15.5 15.1
27 weeks and over............................ 11.6 11.7 12.1 10.9 11.4 10.3 12.1 11.3 11.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,076 3,243 3,701 2,446 3,291 3,252 3,409 3,600 4,360
On temporary layoff............................. 531 786 864 825 940 1,003 1,079 1,118 1,360
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,544 2,457 2,838 1,621 2,351 2,249 2,330 2,482 3,000
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,066 1,795 2,062 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 479 663 775 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 846 893 923 815 810 774 894 800 893
Reentrants........................................ 1,838 2,137 2,051 1,868 1,906 1,912 2,166 2,108 2,098
New entrants...................................... 363 434 430 398 477 436 495 476 462
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 40.5 48.4 52.1 44.3 50.8 51.0 49.0 51.5 55.8
On temporary layoff............................ 10.4 11.7 12.2 14.9 14.5 15.7 15.5 16.0 17.4
Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.1 36.6 39.9 29.3 36.3 35.3 33.5 35.5 38.4
Job leavers...................................... 16.5 13.3 13.0 14.7 12.5 12.1 12.8 11.5 11.4
Reentrants....................................... 35.9 31.9 28.9 33.8 29.4 30.0 31.1 30.2 26.8
New entrants..................................... 7.1 6.5 6.1 7.2 7.4 6.8 7.1 6.8 5.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.5 2.3 2.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5
New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 1.3 1.4 .9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.5 2.3 2.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.6 4.7 5.0 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 3.8 4.9 5.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.3 5.6 5.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.3 8.3 8.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,536 7,009 7,741 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.4
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,044 2,448 2,639 8.9 10.4 10.1 11.5 10.7 11.6
16 to 19 years................................ 1,052 1,187 1,253 12.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7 15.5
16 to 17 years.............................. 488 498 538 15.2 16.0 19.3 19.1 16.2 17.2
18 to 19 years.............................. 570 694 715 11.1 13.1 11.8 14.7 13.9 14.4
20 to 24 years................................ 992 1,262 1,385 6.8 8.2 7.5 9.0 8.5 9.5
25 years and over............................... 3,481 4,558 5,086 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.3
25 to 54 years................................ 2,979 3,933 4,400 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.4
55 years and over............................. 510 628 677 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,944 3,724 4,179 3.9 4.7 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.5
16 to 24 years................................ 1,122 1,353 1,458 9.4 11.8 10.4 12.4 11.3 12.4
16 to 19 years.............................. 563 656 707 13.4 15.9 15.1 17.9 15.8 17.3
16 to 17 years............................ 286 288 322 17.6 18.0 19.0 22.7 18.3 20.4
18 to 19 years............................ 277 370 383 10.7 14.5 13.0 15.4 14.3 15.2
20 to 24 years.............................. 559 697 750 7.3 9.5 7.9 9.5 8.9 9.8
25 years and over............................. 1,814 2,373 2,714 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,538 2,047 2,335 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.3
55 years and over........................... 280 343 391 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.7
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,592 3,284 3,562 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.4
16 to 24 years................................ 922 1,096 1,181 8.4 8.9 9.7 10.4 10.1 10.8
16 to 19 years.............................. 489 531 546 11.9 12.7 14.4 14.2 13.6 13.6
16 to 17 years............................ 202 209 216 12.8 14.0 19.6 15.5 13.9 14.0
18 to 19 years............................ 293 324 331 11.6 11.6 10.6 13.9 13.5 13.5
20 to 24 years.............................. 433 565 635 6.3 6.7 7.1 8.4 8.2 9.1
25 years and over............................. 1,667 2,185 2,372 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,441 1,886 2,065 3.1 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.4
55 years and over........................... 230 285 287 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.3 3.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,485 70,577 25,844 26,418 43,640 44,159
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,051 4,338 1,618 1,867 2,433 2,471
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,036 1,395 423 647 613 748
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 230 330 112 172 118 157
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 806 1,065 311 475 495 591
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,550 7,112 3,956 3,697 3,594 3,415
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,183 3,710 2,387 2,135 1,796 1,575
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,596 1,646 536 569 1,060 1,078
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 292 235 209 145 84 90
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,420 1,483 790 829 629 655
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 132,978 132,207 132,522 132,606 132,145 132,431 132,449 132,395 132,182 131,767
Total private.................... 112,104 112,422 111,734 111,283 111,564 111,603 111,517 111,390 111,179 110,740
Goods-producing......................... 25,989 25,422 25,197 24,973 25,713 25,186 25,122 24,963 24,873 24,699
Mining................................ 559 578 575 574 551 565 567 569 568 566
Metal mining........................ 40.1 35.3 35.2 34.6 40 35 34 35 35 35
Coal mining......................... 76.0 79.3 79.8 81.2 76 78 79 80 80 81
Oil and gas extraction.............. 324.1 346.7 344.4 341.9 320 340 341 342 342 338
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 118.8 116.9 115.7 116.1 115 112 113 112 111 112
Construction.......................... 6,978 7,199 7,104 7,052 6,758 6,864 6,867 6,861 6,862 6,832
General building contractors........ 1,576.3 1,623.7 1,598.9 1,587.2 1,549 1,551 1,554 1,557 1,565 1,559
Heavy construction, except building. 972.2 1,008.5 1,004.7 996.4 904 925 935 932 933 927
Special trade contractors........... 4,429.4 4,566.8 4,500.8 4,468.6 4,305 4,388 4,378 4,372 4,364 4,346
Manufacturing......................... 18,452 17,645 17,518 17,347 18,404 17,757 17,688 17,533 17,443 17,301
Production workers................ 12,589 11,870 11,791 11,657 12,545 11,956 11,900 11,782 11,705 11,616
Durable goods........................ 11,138 10,560 10,474 10,360 11,126 10,692 10,624 10,523 10,457 10,349
Production workers................ 7,571 7,047 6,993 6,904 7,560 7,157 7,102 7,022 6,972 6,895
Lumber and wood products............ 828.7 809.0 805.0 797.5 821 798 797 793 794 790
Furniture and fixtures.............. 560.9 520.6 514.2 504.7 559 532 531 519 513 503
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 583.3 577.7 574.2 571.0 577 572 569 568 566 565
Primary metal industries............ 695.2 644.5 638.8 632.0 695 654 648 643 639 632
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 221.7 208.4 207.1 206.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,540.5 1,472.6 1,464.9 1,452.2 1,536 1,478 1,478 1,468 1,461 1,448
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,114.9 1,978.3 1,955.8 1,932.9 2,123 2,031 2,007 1,980 1,961 1,940
Computer and office equipment..... 364.8 350.1 342.8 341.4 365 357 353 348 342 342
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,739.3 1,566.9 1,548.4 1,527.3 1,738 1,624 1,589 1,565 1,548 1,526
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 703.9 620.1 609.8 600.3 704 650 634 618 610 600
Transportation equipment............ 1,816.7 1,747.3 1,737.4 1,711.1 1,822 1,749 1,752 1,750 1,743 1,717
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 993.3 930.7 922.9 901.1 995 931 936 931 924 903
Aircraft and parts................ 463.3 464.9 465.8 462.6 463 465 466 465 466 463
Instruments and related products.... 860.6 861.4 852.2 846.7 861 865 865 858 852 847
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 398.2 382.1 383.3 384.9 394 389 388 379 380 381
Nondurable goods..................... 7,314 7,085 7,044 6,987 7,278 7,065 7,064 7,010 6,986 6,952
Production workers................ 5,018 4,823 4,798 4,753 4,985 4,799 4,798 4,760 4,733 4,721
Food and kindred products........... 1,702.4 1,731.4 1,727.2 1,709.0 1,678 1,685 1,680 1,674 1,678 1,685
Tobacco products.................... 33.3 33.6 33.7 33.2 32 33 33 35 33 32
Textile mill products............... 519.9 468.2 463.0 456.7 518 472 471 465 460 455
Apparel and other textile products.. 620.7 555.8 555.2 545.0 616 567 571 554 551 541
Paper and allied products........... 654.6 631.5 630.3 626.7 655 635 632 628 628 627
Printing and publishing............. 1,545.5 1,483.5 1,469.3 1,465.4 1,544 1,495 1,489 1,483 1,472 1,463
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,037.7 1,038.2 1,029.6 1,025.5 1,038 1,033 1,039 1,035 1,032 1,026
Petroleum and coal products......... 127.5 130.4 131.1 129.5 126 128 128 127 129 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,002.6 949.7 943.4 935.8 1,002 953 957 947 942 935
Leather and leather products........ 69.8 63.1 60.9 60.4 69 64 64 62 61 60
Service-producing....................... 106,989 106,785 107,325 107,633 106,432 107,245 107,327 107,432 107,309 107,068
Transportation and public utilities... 7,121 7,077 7,112 7,053 7,076 7,118 7,108 7,082 7,062 7,007
Transportation...................... 4,605 4,525 4,573 4,515 4,559 4,571 4,561 4,539 4,524 4,468
Railroad transportation........... 235.6 227.8 226.4 225.6 234 227 226 226 226 224
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 493.8 423.3 499.5 501.1 477 483 485 486 486 484
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,889.2 1,875.6 1,865.8 1,860.7 1,861 1,867 1,863 1,844 1,836 1,834
Water transportation.............. 202.1 214.3 210.8 210.4 200 201 203 203 205 208
Transportation by air............. 1,295.3 1,303.5 1,293.0 1,250.7 1,298 1,310 1,304 1,303 1,295 1,253
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.6 14.3 14.0 14.1 14 14 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 475.6 466.5 463.7 451.9 475 469 466 463 462 451
Communications and public utilities. 2,516 2,552 2,539 2,538 2,517 2,547 2,547 2,543 2,538 2,539
Communications.................... 1,668.8 1,699.4 1,693.0 1,692.0 1,668 1,700 1,700 1,695 1,692 1,691
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 846.9 852.9 846.4 846.0 849 847 847 848 846 848
Wholesale trade....................... 7,076 7,033 6,993 6,983 7,059 7,022 7,017 7,010 6,988 6,965
Durable goods....................... 4,205 4,154 4,121 4,103 4,205 4,166 4,149 4,134 4,123 4,102
Nondurable goods.................... 2,871 2,879 2,872 2,880 2,854 2,856 2,868 2,876 2,865 2,863
Retail trade.......................... 23,358 23,732 23,550 23,415 23,380 23,561 23,606 23,583 23,522 23,441
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,007.0 1,031.1 1,013.1 1,008.3 1,012 1,014 1,008 1,014 1,014 1,014
General merchandise stores.......... 2,858.3 2,747.3 2,747.6 2,817.8 2,829 2,818 2,810 2,800 2,794 2,790
Department stores................. 2,507.7 2,407.5 2,406.8 2,472.4 2,481 2,471 2,458 2,449 2,445 2,447
Food stores......................... 3,530.1 3,551.5 3,528.5 3,537.8 3,527 3,544 3,536 3,531 3,532 3,535
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,432.2 2,461.8 2,444.8 2,438.6 2,426 2,431 2,435 2,441 2,434 2,432
New and used car dealers.......... 1,124.7 1,138.6 1,138.0 1,136.8 1,122 1,128 1,131 1,133 1,134 1,134
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,200.8 1,228.1 1,203.7 1,204.1 1,202 1,227 1,219 1,224 1,220 1,206
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,143.3 1,128.8 1,124.7 1,137.7 1,142 1,136 1,137 1,137 1,138 1,137
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,060.5 8,467.9 8,359.0 8,117.6 8,137 8,241 8,310 8,280 8,237 8,195
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,125.3 3,115.1 3,128.4 3,152.9 3,105 3,150 3,151 3,156 3,153 3,132
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,546 7,699 7,626 7,612 7,569 7,631 7,618 7,623 7,628 7,633
Finance............................. 3,713 3,780 3,750 3,749 3,725 3,767 3,755 3,758 3,755 3,760
Depository institutions........... 2,014.7 2,050.2 2,033.6 2,033.5 2,023 2,041 2,039 2,037 2,038 2,042
Commercial banks................ 1,414.7 1,432.9 1,420.9 1,419.0 1,421 1,428 1,426 1,423 1,424 1,425
Savings institutions............ 251.8 256.7 254.9 255.5 253 256 255 255 256 256
Nondepository institutions........ 674.6 711.0 705.4 707.9 678 699 703 709 706 711
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 301.9 324.9 321.7 324.5 303 317 321 324 323 326
Security and commodity brokers.... 767.6 762.3 755.7 750.4 767 766 755 755 754 750
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 256.4 256.6 255.3 256.7 257 261 258 257 257 257
Insurance........................... 2,332 2,363 2,355 2,354 2,337 2,356 2,357 2,357 2,361 2,359
Insurance carriers................ 1,575.3 1,603.0 1,595.4 1,594.8 1,580 1,598 1,599 1,598 1,600 1,600
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 756.3 760.3 759.6 758.9 757 758 758 759 761 759
Real estate......................... 1,501 1,556 1,521 1,509 1,507 1,508 1,506 1,508 1,512 1,514
Services2............................. 41,014 41,459 41,256 41,247 40,767 41,085 41,046 41,129 41,106 40,995
Agricultural services............... 835.5 906.5 878.0 863.9 808 833 834 837 839 836
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,928.1 2,077.1 1,962.3 1,858.9 1,927 1,920 1,922 1,912 1,905 1,859
Personal services................... 1,226.1 1,237.8 1,241.9 1,246.3 1,259 1,279 1,281 1,284 1,278 1,279
Business services................... 10124.7 9,699.2 9,692.4 9,657.2 9,939 9,666 9,592 9,588 9,560 9,470
Services to buildings............. 995.8 1,003.5 997.4 997.4 994 1,008 998 997 994 996
Personnel supply services......... 4,072.0 3,608.9 3,619.0 3,549.8 3,890 3,556 3,517 3,521 3,508 3,386
Help supply services............ 3,646.9 3,212.7 3,227.5 3,163.7 3,465 3,161 3,127 3,113 3,111 3,004
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,126.2 2,196.4 2,190.1 2,192.4 2,135 2,205 2,202 2,194 2,199 2,202
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,267.3 1,313.0 1,305.8 1,294.6 1,266 1,303 1,312 1,307 1,306 1,293
Miscellaneous repair services....... 368.0 364.7 363.8 365.5 366 361 360 362 363 364
Motion pictures..................... 576.6 607.0 583.8 573.1 588 602 595 589 592 585
Amusement and recreation services... 1,694.5 2,067.3 1,847.6 1,713.1 1,747 1,768 1,772 1,777 1,764 1,766
Health services..................... 10144.4 10404.1 10401.2 10425.5 10,146 10,329 10,354 10,384 10,414 10,428
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,936.6 1,995.0 1,990.2 1,990.7 1,938 1,981 1,983 1,990 1,993 1,992
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,799.4 1,832.0 1,830.4 1,834.3 1,799 1,821 1,823 1,825 1,831 1,834
Hospitals......................... 4,004.6 4,118.2 4,121.3 4,131.9 4,005 4,086 4,098 4,114 4,127 4,132
Home health care services......... 646.8 651.4 656.4 657.3 646 648 647 653 656 656
Legal services...................... 1,010.4 1,034.2 1,023.2 1,025.9 1,014 1,027 1,026 1,028 1,031 1,029
Educational services................ 2,479.8 2,119.8 2,400.9 2,622.5 2,329 2,426 2,432 2,452 2,446 2,465
Social services..................... 2,956.7 3,031.2 3,065.0 3,098.4 2,950 3,056 3,048 3,076 3,081 3,092
Child day care services........... 738.3 702.8 753.5 766.8 724 756 760 765 754 753
Residential care.................. 815.4 853.9 847.2 852.3 817 845 847 848 850 854
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 108.2 119.6 112.2 111.9 107 111 111 111 111 111
Membership organizations............ 2,467.7 2,540.3 2,489.8 2,498.1 2,482 2,501 2,493 2,503 2,513 2,513
Engineering and management services. 3,454.5 3,563.2 3,514.5 3,519.7 3,467 3,529 3,540 3,544 3,529 3,532
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,034.1 1,083.8 1,069.4 1,068.5 1,034 1,059 1,064 1,067 1,067 1,069
Management and public relations... 1,109.2 1,128.7 1,118.3 1,115.7 1,108 1,124 1,119 1,123 1,121 1,114
Services, nec....................... 49.8 52.8 51.5 50.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,874 19,785 20,788 21,323 20,581 20,828 20,932 21,005 21,003 21,027
Federal............................. 2,610 2,632 2,618 2,609 2,622 2,621 2,626 2,622 2,625 2,622
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,752.3 1,785.7 1,774.5 1,765.5 1,762 1,772 1,772 1,774 1,776 1,776
State............................... 4,923 4,658 4,907 5,068 4,798 4,881 4,909 4,913 4,940 4,938
Education......................... 2,167.4 1,827.0 2,094.8 2,275.3 2,035 2,089 2,117 2,122 2,140 2,137
Other State government............ 2,755.2 2,831.3 2,811.7 2,793.1 2,763 2,792 2,792 2,791 2,800 2,801
Local............................... 13,341 12,495 13,263 13,646 13,161 13,326 13,397 13,470 13,438 13,467
Education......................... 7,690.4 6,447.1 7,446.4 7,866.5 7,445 7,515 7,575 7,650 7,618 7,621
Other local government............ 5,650.3 6,048.0 5,816.9 5,779.1 5,716 5,811 5,822 5,820 5,820 5,846
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.7 34.4 34.3 34.0 34.4 34.2 34.2 34.0 34.1 34.0
Goods-producing......................... 41.3 40.7 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.2 39.9
Mining................................ 43.8 43.6 44.0 43.3 43.1 43.3 43.3 43.4 43.7 42.6
Construction.......................... 40.2 40.1 39.8 39.4 39.2 39.4 39.4 39.2 39.1 38.4
Manufacturing......................... 41.6 40.8 41.0 40.7 41.4 40.7 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.4
Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8
Durable goods........................ 42.1 41.2 41.3 40.9 41.9 40.9 41.2 41.1 40.9 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.7
Lumber and wood products............ 41.3 41.2 41.6 41.0 40.9 40.4 41.1 40.9 41.4 40.7
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.0 40.0 39.7 38.7 39.7 38.4 39.7 39.7 39.0 38.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.9 44.6 45.2 44.3 43.2 44.0 44.0 43.9 44.3 43.6
Primary metal industries............ 44.4 43.6 44.4 43.5 44.4 43.9 44.1 43.7 43.9 43.5
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.9 44.6 45.9 44.6 45.1 45.1 44.7 44.6 45.5 44.8
Fabricated metal products........... 42.6 41.5 41.5 41.2 42.2 41.2 41.6 41.5 41.1 40.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.9 40.1 40.4 40.1 42.0 40.4 40.8 40.2 40.3 40.1
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.1 39.2 39.3 39.2 40.7 39.3 38.9 39.1 39.0 38.9
Transportation equipment............ 43.4 42.7 41.9 42.0 43.0 41.9 42.2 42.8 41.3 41.6
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.5 44.3 42.9 43.0 43.9 43.0 43.0 44.6 42.1 42.4
Instruments and related products.... 41.2 40.4 41.2 40.8 41.2 40.8 40.8 40.4 41.3 40.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.9 38.3 37.9 37.8 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.2 37.6 37.5
Nondurable goods..................... 40.9 40.3 40.7 40.4 40.6 40.4 40.3 40.1 40.2 40.1
Overtime hours.................... 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1
Food and kindred products........... 42.0 41.6 42.0 41.8 41.5 41.2 40.9 41.1 40.9 41.3
Tobacco products.................... 40.9 40.1 40.8 40.5 40.3 40.4 40.5 39.9 39.9 40.0
Textile mill products............... 40.7 40.1 40.3 39.6 40.6 40.4 39.7 39.8 39.9 39.5
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 37.1 36.7 36.5 37.5 37.5 37.7 36.9 36.7 36.4
Paper and allied products........... 42.6 41.2 42.2 41.6 42.3 41.7 41.9 41.2 41.7 41.3
Printing and publishing............. 38.5 38.2 38.4 38.2 38.2 38.0 38.2 38.0 38.0 38.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.3 42.0 42.2 42.1 42.3 42.2 42.7 42.1 42.0 42.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.0 43.0 42.9 41.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 40.5 41.2 40.7 41.2 40.7 40.6 40.5 40.9 40.5
Leather and leather products........ 37.7 36.7 36.5 36.1 37.4 36.2 35.7 36.4 36.1 35.9
Service-producing....................... 33.0 32.9 32.8 32.5 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6
Transportation and public utilities... 39.0 38.1 38.0 37.7 38.6 38.1 37.8 37.8 37.5 37.7
Wholesale trade....................... 38.7 38.3 38.7 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.1
Retail trade.......................... 28.9 29.3 28.8 28.5 28.9 28.7 28.6 28.6 28.7 28.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.6 36.1 36.7 35.8 36.2 36.5 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.0
Services.............................. 32.9 32.8 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.97 $14.28 $14.51 $14.50 $484.76 $491.23 $497.69 $493.00
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.90 14.40 14.45 14.47 478.16 489.60 492.75 491.98
Goods-producing......................... 15.65 16.06 16.15 16.17 646.35 653.64 657.31 653.27
Mining................................ 17.28 17.53 17.71 17.77 756.86 764.31 779.24 769.44
Construction.......................... 18.22 18.43 18.52 18.59 732.44 739.04 737.10 732.45
Manufacturing......................... 14.53 14.89 15.01 15.01 604.45 607.51 615.41 610.91
Durable goods........................ 14.99 15.37 15.48 15.48 631.08 633.24 639.32 633.13
Lumber and wood products............ 12.09 12.37 12.45 12.35 499.32 509.64 517.92 506.35
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.86 12.29 12.35 12.34 474.40 491.60 490.30 477.56
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.75 15.17 15.23 15.21 647.53 676.58 688.40 673.80
Primary metal industries............ 16.48 17.06 17.26 17.11 731.71 743.82 766.34 744.29
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.84 20.63 20.88 20.47 890.82 920.10 958.39 912.96
Fabricated metal products........... 14.01 14.34 14.43 14.34 596.83 595.11 598.85 590.81
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.66 15.96 16.05 16.09 656.15 640.00 648.42 645.21
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 14.00 14.72 14.84 14.80 575.40 577.02 583.21 580.16
Transportation equipment............ 18.88 19.08 19.30 19.43 819.39 814.72 808.67 816.06
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.26 19.39 19.68 19.91 857.07 858.98 844.27 856.13
Instruments and related products.... 14.62 15.00 15.08 15.15 602.34 606.00 621.30 618.12
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.75 12.23 12.37 12.34 457.08 468.41 468.82 466.45
Nondurable goods..................... 13.81 14.17 14.32 14.32 564.83 571.05 582.82 578.53
Food and kindred products........... 12.59 12.87 12.97 13.00 528.78 535.39 544.74 543.40
Tobacco products.................... 21.47 21.90 21.70 21.66 878.12 878.19 885.36 877.23
Textile mill products............... 11.23 11.39 11.39 11.36 457.06 456.74 459.02 449.86
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.37 9.44 9.56 9.52 352.31 350.22 350.85 347.48
Paper and allied products........... 16.43 16.87 17.12 17.18 699.92 695.04 722.46 714.69
Printing and publishing............. 14.50 14.87 15.01 14.95 558.25 568.03 576.38 571.09
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.27 18.54 18.86 18.75 772.82 778.68 795.89 789.38
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.14 22.20 22.27 22.39 952.02 954.60 955.38 935.90
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.98 13.44 13.51 13.52 537.37 544.32 556.61 550.26
Leather and leather products........ 10.33 10.35 10.30 10.19 389.44 379.85 375.95 367.86
Service-producing....................... 13.44 13.75 14.02 14.00 443.52 452.38 459.86 455.00
Transportation and public utilities... 16.38 16.97 17.09 17.12 638.82 646.56 649.42 645.42
Wholesale trade....................... 15.45 15.75 16.03 15.83 597.92 603.23 620.36 603.12
Retail trade.......................... 9.59 9.79 9.92 9.93 277.15 286.85 285.70 283.01
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.24 15.84 16.03 15.90 557.78 571.82 588.30 569.22
Services.............................. 14.11 14.46 14.78 14.79 464.22 474.29 483.31 480.68
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
Sept. 2001-
Oct. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.90 $14.31 $14.34 $14.40 $14.45 $14.47 0.1
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.90 7.95 8.00 8.03 8.02 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.57 15.90 15.93 16.01 16.04 16.08 .2
Mining...................... 17.30 17.73 17.74 17.69 17.65 17.79 .8
Construction................ 18.02 18.28 18.26 18.35 18.36 18.39 .2
Manufacturing............... 14.54 14.81 14.86 14.93 14.96 15.02 .4
Excluding overtime4....... 13.80 14.13 14.18 14.24 14.30 14.34 .3
Service-producing............. 13.39 13.84 13.87 13.93 13.98 14.00 .1
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.39 16.91 16.88 16.95 17.04 17.14 .6
Wholesale trade............. 15.37 15.86 15.84 15.81 15.98 15.84 -.9
Retail trade................ 9.57 9.83 9.84 9.87 9.86 9.91 .5
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.20 15.86 15.91 15.99 16.01 15.97 -.2
Services.................... 14.07 14.54 14.61 14.71 14.77 14.80 .2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.1 percent from August 2001 to September 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 154.0 153.4 151.8 149.8 151.8 151.2 150.8 150.1 149.9 148.8
Goods-producing......................... 118.8 113.9 112.8 110.7 115.7 111.5 111.5 110.3 109.4 107.7
Mining................................ 54.1 56.7 56.5 55.9 52.3 55.0 55.1 55.3 55.2 54.0
Construction.......................... 198.4 204.6 199.5 195.9 185.8 190.1 190.3 188.5 187.7 183.2
Manufacturing......................... 105.7 97.7 97.6 95.7 104.6 98.1 98.0 96.8 95.9 94.7
Durable goods........................ 111.3 101.2 100.7 98.6 110.4 102.2 102.1 100.8 99.5 97.8
Lumber and wood products............ 147.2 142.2 142.6 138.9 144.2 137.6 139.5 138.0 139.7 136.4
Furniture and fixtures.............. 140.7 128.9 126.1 120.1 139.2 127.1 130.1 127.6 123.8 118.9
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 122.1 121.4 123.0 120.1 118.8 118.9 118.9 117.0 118.6 116.8
Primary metal industries............ 91.5 82.0 83.2 80.3 91.6 84.4 83.4 82.3 82.2 80.3
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 69.7 64.3 66.0 63.8 70.4 65.6 64.2 64.1 64.9 64.3
Fabricated metal products........... 122.8 112.7 112.1 110.3 121.1 112.5 113.7 112.6 110.7 108.8
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 101.4 88.4 88.0 86.4 102.1 92.0 91.5 88.9 88.1 86.7
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 109.5 91.2 90.1 88.4 108.4 95.9 92.4 90.9 89.2 87.7
Transportation equipment............ 120.2 111.7 109.2 107.5 119.5 110.0 111.2 112.6 108.0 107.0
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 160.9 147.6 142.3 139.0 159.3 143.2 145.1 149.6 140.2 137.3
Instruments and related products.... 75.2 72.6 73.1 71.8 75.6 73.6 73.8 72.4 73.5 72.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 100.5 92.2 92.2 92.1 98.1 95.0 94.3 90.6 90.2 90.0
Nondurable goods..................... 98.0 93.0 93.3 91.7 96.7 92.5 92.4 91.3 90.9 90.5
Food and kindred products........... 119.9 120.4 121.3 119.1 116.2 115.3 114.0 114.5 113.2 115.6
Tobacco products.................... 49.4 49.3 50.5 50.0 45.9 48.0 48.1 51.4 47.4 47.5
Textile mill products............... 73.6 65.7 64.9 63.1 73.0 66.3 65.3 64.7 63.8 62.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 53.4 46.5 45.9 44.7 52.8 48.0 48.6 45.9 45.7 44.2
Paper and allied products........... 103.3 96.5 98.5 96.8 102.5 97.8 97.8 95.8 96.8 96.0
Printing and publishing............. 121.3 114.2 114.2 112.9 120.3 114.6 114.7 113.7 112.9 112.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 99.1 96.9 96.9 96.3 99.2 97.4 99.1 97.0 96.6 96.3
Petroleum and coal products......... 71.1 74.3 75.4 72.7 70.3 71.6 71.8 73.3 73.7 71.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 146.7 134.9 136.2 133.3 145.9 136.4 136.4 134.3 134.9 132.4
Leather and leather products........ 30.3 26.8 25.5 24.9 29.9 26.7 25.8 26.3 25.0 24.8
Service-producing....................... 169.8 171.1 169.3 167.4 168.0 169.0 168.4 168.0 168.1 167.3
Transportation and public utilities... 142.2 138.8 139.3 136.5 139.6 139.2 138.3 137.8 136.3 135.6
Wholesale trade....................... 133.8 131.7 132.1 130.0 132.4 131.2 130.6 131.0 131.4 129.6
Retail trade.......................... 146.3 150.2 146.0 144.1 146.1 146.0 145.7 145.6 145.6 144.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.6 140.9 141.6 138.0 138.7 140.9 139.6 139.6 139.9 139.3
Services.............................. 213.9 215.8 213.8 212.4 210.8 213.4 212.8 212.0 212.5 211.8
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 43.9 p42.2 p41.1
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 40.5 p38.1 p36.4
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 44.1 p38.0 p36.1
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7
2001.............. 49.6 47.7 p44.9 p42.6
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 27.6 p34.2 p31.6
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 21.0 p19.1 p19.5
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 20.2 p15.1 p13.6
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0
2001.............. 19.1 16.5 p14.7 p16.5
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: December 07, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_oct2001.htm
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