Technical information: USDL 00-284
Household data: (202) 691-6378
Transmission of material in this release is
Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, October 6, 2000.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 2000
Total nonfarm employment rose by 252,000 in September, and the
unemployment rate declined to 3.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. After adjusting for the
net return of striking workers (75,000) and a further decline in the
number of temporary census jobs (27,000), nonfarm employment was up by
204,000. Job gains were very strong in the services industry, but the
overall employment change was tempered by widespread job losses in
manufacturing.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.5 million, and the unemployment
rate, 3.9 percent, declined in September. Over the past year, the rate has
ranged from 3.9 percent to 4.1 percent. Over the month, the unemployment
rates decreased for adult women (3.5 percent) and blacks (7.0 percent).
Rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), teenagers
(12.8 percent), whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed
little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was little changed at 135.2 million, seasonally
adjusted, in September. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of
the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, unchanged from
August. The civilian labor force, 140.6 million, and the labor force
participation rate, 66.9 percent, were both essentially unchanged in
September. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (those who
would have preferred full-time work) was 3.2 million in September. The
number of these involuntary part-time workers has ranged from 3.1 to 3.3
million since July 1999. (See table A-4.)
About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in September. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of total
employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in September, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed,
however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 250,000 in
September. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were
not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-10.)
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Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | Monthly data |
| averages | |
|_________________|__________________________| Aug.-
Category | 2000 | 2000 | Sept.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| II | III | July | Aug. | Sept. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,399| 140,742| 140,639| -103
Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 134,749| 134,912| 135,161| 249
Unemployment........| 5,627| 5,652| 5,650| 5,829| 5,477| -352
Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,329| 69,193| 69,522| 329
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 3.9| -0.2
Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| .0
Adult women.........| 3.7| 3.6| 3.7| 3.8| 3.5| -.3
Teenagers...........| 12.3| 13.5| 13.4| 14.4| 12.8| -1.6
White...............| 3.4| 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.5| -.1
Black...............| 7.7| 7.6| 7.7| 8.0| 7.0| -1.0
Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 5.6| -.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,552|p131,630| 131,607|p131,516|p131,768| p252
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| p25,668| 25,756| p25,643| p25,606| p-37
Construction......| 6,676| p6,683| 6,670| p6,675| p6,705| p30
Manufacturing.....| 18,488| p18,448| 18,548| p18,431| p18,365| p-66
Service-producing 1/| 105,849|p105,962| 105,851|p105,873|p106,162| p289
Retail trade......| 23,128| p23,191| 23,196| p23,188| p23,189| p1
Services..........| 40,272| p40,586| 40,403| p40,578| p40,778| p200
Government........| 20,827| p20,522| 20,606| p20,498| p20,462| p-36
|________|________|________|________|________|________
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.5| p34.4| 34.4| p34.3| p34.4| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.4| 41.7| p41.3| p41.2| p-.1
Overtime..........| 4.7| p4.5| 4.6| p4.5| p4.4| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.2| p151.3| 151.4| p151.0| p151.4| p0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $13.67| p$13.79| $13.75| p$13.80| p$13.83| p$0.03
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 471.50| p474.03| 473.00| p473.34| p475.75| p2.41
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
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Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 252,000 to 131.8 million in
September. Contributing to this increase was the net return of 75,000
striking workers to their jobs. At the same time, the number also reflects
the conclusion of 27,000 temporary census jobs. After adjusting for both
effects, payroll employment increased by 204,000 in September. (The strike
adjustment primarily reflects the return of 87,000 communications workers
who were off company payrolls in August, which was partly offset by new
strikes involving 12,000 workers.) So far this year, employment has
increased by an average of 192,000 per month compared to 229,000 per month
for all of 1999. (See table B-1.)
Employment in the services industry rose by 200,000 in September,
seasonally adjusted. Month-to-month growth in services employment has
varied widely this year, although the average monthly change (119,000) is
close to the monthly average for all of 1999. Employment in help supply
services increased by 69,000 in September, after showing little net growth
in the prior 3 months. Over the month, job gains continued in health
services and in engineering and management services. In September, as in
August, there were large employment increases in job training services
(within social services) and civic and social organizations (within
membership organizations) after seasonal adjustment; these increases
resulted from lighter-than-normal seasonal layoffs that followed weak
summer hiring.
Construction employment rose by 30,000 in September, seasonally adjusted,
following 3 months of very small gains. Seasonal declines in construction
usually begin in September. This year those seasonal layoffs were smaller
than normal, perhaps reflecting the relatively light hiring over the summer.
Thus far this year, construction employment has increased by 17,000 per month
on average, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 105,000 in
September, largely reflecting the return of 87,000 telephone communications
workers from a strike that kept them off payrolls during the August reference
period. Apart from the strike effect, employment in the communications
industry increased by 7,000, and the transportation industry continued to
grow.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 16,000 in
September, following a similar gain in August. In the first 7 months of
the year, however, the industry had averaged monthly job losses of 4,000.
In September, security brokerages added 6,000 jobs, continuing a strong
growth trend. Employment also increased in mortgage brokerages and in real
estate.
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Employment in manufacturing fell by 66,000 in September, following an
even larger decline of 117,000 in August, as revised. Part of September's
decline resulted from 10,000 workers being off payrolls due to strikes in
transportation equipment and food and kindred products during the survey
reference period. September's losses were widespread, with employment down
in both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing. Employment fell in
industrial machinery and equipment (9,000), apparel (9,000), rubber and
miscellaneous plastics (8,000), and fabricated metal products (6,000). The
only manufacturing industry to show consistent growth this year has been
electronic components, which added 4,000 jobs in September and has added
46,000 jobs since April 1999.
Retail trade employment was essentially unchanged in September, as gains
in most component industries were offset by losses in eating and drinking
places and in building materials stores. The number of jobs in eating and
drinking establishments declined for the second consecutive month, following
strong gains in June and July. Wholesale trade showed little change in
September.
Federal government employment fell in September, as 27,000 temporary
Census 2000 workers completed their assignments. As of September, only
about 6,000 temporary census workers remained on the federal government
payroll, down from a peak of 618,000 in May.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour in September to 34.4 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.2 hours,
following a drop of 0.4 hour in August. In September, manufacturing
overtime declined by 0.1 hour for the second consecutive month to 4.4 hours.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent to 151.4
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.7
percent to 104.6. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in September to $13.83,
seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased
by 0.5 percent to $475.75. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by
3.6 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. Twelve-month
growth rates in hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent
since February 1999. (See table B-3.)
------------------------------
The Employment Situation for October 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, November 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
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Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample
The Census Bureau is expanding the monthly sample for the Current
Population Survey (CPS) in response to a legislative mandate under the
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). This expansion, which
will occur in 31 states and the District of Columbia, will increase the
total number of households eligible for the monthly survey from about
50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households are being introduced
into the survey over a 3-month period beginning with September 2000.
The SCHIP legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state
estimates of the number of children who live in low-income families and
lack health insurance. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample is one part
of the Census Bureau's plan for improving the SCHIP estimates. Other parts
of the plan include an increase in the number of households that will be
asked the questions from the annual March supplement to the CPS, the source
of information on income and access to health insurance.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) does not plan to use the expanded
sample for the official national labor force estimates until at least July
2001, after the data collected from the new households have been evaluated.
BLS will review estimates for November 2000 through April 2001 produced
from the expanded sample. If persistent differences are observed between
the estimates derived from the current and expanded samples during this
period of review, the use of the expanded sample in the official estimates
may be further delayed. The announcement of the final decision on whether
the expanded sample will be used in the official data for July 2001
(scheduled for release in August) will be made in early June.
- 6 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 7 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
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period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
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monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,265 209,935 210,161 208,265 209,371 209,543 209,727 209,935 210,161
Civilian labor force............................ 139,217 141,425 140,357 139,475 140,489 140,762 140,399 140,742 140,639
Participation rate........................ 66.8 67.4 66.8 67.0 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.0 66.9
Employed...................................... 133,555 135,601 135,033 133,650 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161
Employment-population ratio............... 64.1 64.6 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.5 64.2 64.3 64.3
Agriculture................................. 3,342 3,656 3,510 3,179 3,298 3,321 3,299 3,344 3,340
Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,214 131,945 131,523 130,471 131,417 131,858 131,450 131,569 131,821
Unemployed.................................... 5,661 5,824 5,324 5,825 5,774 5,583 5,650 5,829 5,477
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9
Not in labor force.............................. 69,048 68,510 69,804 68,790 68,882 68,781 69,329 69,193 69,522
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,196 4,441 4,184 4,352 4,412 4,254 4,478 4,213 4,349
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,976 100,847 100,963 99,976 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847 100,963
Civilian labor force............................ 74,393 76,086 74,983 74,643 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412 75,233
Participation rate........................ 74.4 75.4 74.3 74.7 74.5 74.6 74.4 74.8 74.5
Employed...................................... 71,603 73,299 72,317 71,630 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407 72,352
Employment-population ratio............... 71.6 72.7 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.5 71.8 71.7
Unemployed.................................... 2,790 2,787 2,666 3,013 2,934 2,903 2,854 3,005 2,881
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,793 92,754 92,863 91,793 92,408 92,546 92,642 92,754 92,863
Civilian labor force............................ 70,286 71,324 70,954 70,328 70,603 70,714 70,702 71,067 71,002
Participation rate........................ 76.6 76.9 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.6 76.5
Employed...................................... 68,078 69,176 68,823 67,943 68,230 68,430 68,440 68,757 68,699
Employment-population ratio............... 74.2 74.6 74.1 74.0 73.8 73.9 73.9 74.1 74.0
Agriculture................................. 2,296 2,441 2,474 2,189 2,217 2,269 2,296 2,288 2,350
Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,782 66,735 66,349 65,754 66,013 66,161 66,144 66,469 66,349
Unemployed.................................... 2,208 2,148 2,130 2,385 2,373 2,284 2,263 2,309 2,303
Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,289 109,088 109,198 108,289 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088 109,198
Civilian labor force............................ 64,823 65,339 65,374 64,832 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330 65,406
Participation rate........................ 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.9 60.3 60.3 60.1 59.9 59.9
Employed...................................... 61,952 62,302 62,716 62,020 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505 62,809
Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.1 57.4 57.3 57.7 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.5
Unemployed.................................... 2,871 3,037 2,658 2,812 2,839 2,680 2,796 2,824 2,597
Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,385 101,209 101,321 100,385 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321
Civilian labor force............................ 61,053 60,909 61,552 60,860 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260 61,386
Participation rate........................ 60.8 60.2 60.7 60.6 61.0 61.0 60.8 60.5 60.6
Employed...................................... 58,753 58,369 59,370 58,630 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949 59,268
Employment-population ratio............... 58.5 57.7 58.6 58.4 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.2 58.5
Agriculture................................. 833 883 787 778 864 834 792 824 744
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,920 57,486 58,583 57,852 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125 58,524
Unemployed.................................... 2,299 2,539 2,182 2,230 2,367 2,318 2,286 2,311 2,118
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,086 15,972 15,977 16,086 16,034 15,991 15,974 15,972 15,977
Civilian labor force............................ 7,878 9,192 7,852 8,287 8,271 8,452 8,189 8,415 8,251
Participation rate........................ 49.0 57.6 49.1 51.5 51.6 52.9 51.3 52.7 51.6
Employed...................................... 6,724 8,055 6,840 7,077 7,237 7,471 7,087 7,206 7,195
Employment-population ratio............... 41.8 50.4 42.8 44.0 45.1 46.7 44.4 45.1 45.0
Agriculture................................. 212 331 249 212 217 218 211 232 247
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,512 7,724 6,591 6,865 7,020 7,253 6,876 6,974 6,948
Unemployed.................................... 1,154 1,137 1,012 1,210 1,034 981 1,101 1,209 1,056
Unemployment rate......................... 14.7 12.4 12.9 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,432 174,587 174,745 173,432 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587 174,745
Civilian labor force............................ 116,243 118,018 117,237 116,495 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551 117,535
Participation rate.......................... 67.0 67.6 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.3
Employed...................................... 112,241 113,845 113,334 112,303 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352 113,450
Employment-population ratio................. 64.7 65.2 64.9 64.8 64.9 65.1 64.9 64.9 64.9
Unemployed.................................... 4,002 4,173 3,903 4,192 4,108 3,967 4,103 4,199 4,085
Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 59,808 60,512 60,227 59,841 59,882 60,074 59,950 60,358 60,275
Participation rate.......................... 77.1 77.3 76.9 77.1 76.7 76.9 76.7 77.1 77.0
Employed...................................... 58,236 58,994 58,660 58,102 58,184 58,409 58,302 58,701 58,543
Employment-population ratio................. 75.1 75.4 74.9 74.9 74.6 74.8 74.6 75.0 74.7
Unemployed.................................... 1,571 1,518 1,567 1,739 1,698 1,666 1,647 1,657 1,732
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 49,746 49,727 50,355 49,593 50,237 50,246 50,356 50,060 50,235
Participation rate.......................... 59.9 59.4 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.0
Employed...................................... 48,138 47,855 48,786 48,010 48,567 48,616 48,700 48,388 48,688
Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 57.2 58.3 57.8 58.2 58.2 58.3 57.8 58.2
Unemployed.................................... 1,608 1,872 1,570 1,583 1,670 1,630 1,656 1,673 1,546
Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,690 7,779 6,654 7,061 6,978 7,130 6,953 7,133 7,025
Participation rate.......................... 52.5 61.3 52.4 55.4 54.9 56.1 54.7 56.2 55.3
Employed...................................... 5,867 6,996 5,888 6,191 6,237 6,458 6,153 6,264 6,219
Employment-population ratio................. 46.0 55.1 46.4 48.6 49.1 50.8 48.4 49.3 49.0
Unemployed.................................... 823 783 766 870 740 672 800 869 806
Unemployment rate........................... 12.3 10.1 11.5 12.3 10.6 9.4 11.5 12.2 11.5
Men....................................... 12.4 10.6 11.9 12.7 10.7 11.2 12.6 13.3 12.2
Women..................................... 12.2 9.4 11.1 11.9 10.5 7.4 10.3 11.0 10.7
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,946 25,258 25,299 24,946 25,161 25,191 25,221 25,258 25,299
Civilian labor force............................ 16,494 16,630 16,426 16,474 16,596 16,577 16,456 16,512 16,403
Participation rate.......................... 66.1 65.8 64.9 66.0 66.0 65.8 65.2 65.4 64.8
Employed...................................... 15,113 15,269 15,244 15,114 15,261 15,275 15,190 15,190 15,246
Employment-population ratio................. 60.6 60.5 60.3 60.6 60.7 60.6 60.2 60.1 60.3
Unemployed.................................... 1,381 1,361 1,182 1,360 1,335 1,302 1,266 1,322 1,156
Unemployment rate........................... 8.4 8.2 7.2 8.3 8.0 7.9 7.7 8.0 7.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,216 7,337 7,285 7,205 7,261 7,263 7,292 7,337 7,274
Participation rate.......................... 72.4 72.4 71.8 72.3 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.4 71.7
Employed...................................... 6,711 6,824 6,826 6,696 6,736 6,761 6,803 6,797 6,813
Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 67.4 67.3 67.2 66.8 67.0 67.3 67.1 67.1
Unemployed.................................... 506 513 458 509 524 502 489 540 461
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.4 6.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,361 8,215 8,239 8,316 8,384 8,347 8,217 8,230 8,197
Participation rate.......................... 66.9 64.9 64.9 66.5 66.5 66.1 65.0 65.0 64.6
Employed...................................... 7,774 7,656 7,740 7,759 7,801 7,792 7,691 7,710 7,724
Employment-population ratio................. 62.2 60.4 61.0 62.1 61.9 61.7 60.8 60.9 60.9
Unemployed.................................... 587 559 499 557 583 554 525 520 472
Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 6.8 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 917 1,078 902 953 951 967 947 945 932
Participation rate.......................... 36.9 43.8 36.6 38.4 38.5 39.2 38.4 38.4 37.8
Employed...................................... 628 788 677 659 724 722 696 682 709
Employment-population ratio................. 25.3 32.0 27.5 26.5 29.3 29.2 28.2 27.7 28.8
Unemployed.................................... 289 289 225 294 227 245 252 262 223
Unemployment rate........................... 31.5 26.8 24.9 30.8 23.9 25.4 26.6 27.8 23.9
Men....................................... 28.7 31.8 25.8 30.3 27.7 32.0 25.0 33.7 26.7
Women..................................... 34.2 22.4 24.1 31.4 20.2 18.2 27.9 22.5 21.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,820 22,488 22,555 21,820 22,292 22,355 22,422 22,488 22,555
Civilian labor force............................ 14,768 15,357 15,525 14,766 15,322 15,325 15,188 15,248 15,536
Participation rate.......................... 67.7 68.3 68.8 67.7 68.7 68.6 67.7 67.8 68.9
Employed...................................... 13,818 14,458 14,666 13,795 14,432 14,461 14,339 14,371 14,666
Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 64.3 65.0 63.2 64.7 64.7 64.0 63.9 65.0
Unemployed.................................... 950 899 859 971 890 864 849 876 871
Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 5.9 5.5 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,583 28,306 28,346 28,583 28,096 28,227 27,888 28,306 28,346
Civilian labor force.................... 12,275 12,456 12,578 12,151 11,815 12,004 12,328 12,441 12,417
Percent of population............... 42.9 44.0 44.4 42.5 42.1 42.5 44.2 43.9 43.8
Employed.............................. 11,506 11,747 11,872 11,327 10,984 11,239 11,544 11,677 11,662
Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 41.5 41.9 39.6 39.1 39.8 41.4 41.3 41.1
Unemployed............................ 769 709 706 824 832 765 784 764 755
Unemployment rate................... 6.3 5.7 5.6 6.8 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.1
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,518 56,882 57,244 57,518 57,746 57,581 57,144 56,882 57,244
Civilian labor force.................... 37,286 36,395 36,712 37,188 37,224 36,910 37,018 36,589 36,682
Percent of population............... 64.8 64.0 64.1 64.7 64.5 64.1 64.8 64.3 64.1
Employed.............................. 36,022 35,097 35,534 35,879 35,895 35,659 35,782 35,238 35,463
Employment-population ratio......... 62.6 61.7 62.1 62.4 62.2 61.9 62.6 62.0 62.0
Unemployed............................ 1,264 1,298 1,178 1,309 1,329 1,251 1,236 1,350 1,219
Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 42,955 44,616 44,191 42,955 44,153 44,250 44,724 44,616 44,191
Civilian labor force.................... 31,930 32,980 32,683 32,140 33,065 33,094 32,952 33,175 32,934
Percent of population............... 74.3 73.9 74.0 74.8 74.9 74.8 73.7 74.4 74.5
Employed.............................. 31,086 32,036 31,866 31,269 32,228 32,132 32,029 32,230 32,091
Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.8 72.1 72.8 73.0 72.6 71.6 72.2 72.6
Unemployed............................ 844 944 817 871 838 962 923 946 843
Unemployment rate................... 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,081 45,718 45,863 45,081 45,029 45,092 45,549 45,718 45,863
Civilian labor force.................... 35,948 35,827 36,227 35,722 36,011 35,988 35,877 35,903 36,017
Percent of population............... 79.7 78.4 79.0 79.2 80.0 79.8 78.8 78.5 78.5
Employed.............................. 35,333 35,038 35,531 35,112 35,433 35,437 35,254 35,250 35,319
Employment-population ratio......... 78.4 76.6 77.5 77.9 78.7 78.6 77.4 77.1 77.0
Unemployed............................ 615 788 696 610 577 551 623 653 697
Unemployment rate................... 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,555 135,601 135,033 133,650 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,663 43,416 43,627 43,367 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372 43,324
Married women, spouse present................... 33,403 32,912 33,503 33,275 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413 33,402
Women who maintain families..................... 8,380 8,536 8,633 8,312 8,301 8,280 8,483 8,519 8,548
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,892 40,663 41,106 40,784 40,858 41,148 40,784 40,937 40,963
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,519 39,104 38,810 38,634 39,537 39,270 39,239 39,026 38,966
Service occupations............................. 17,817 17,976 18,019 17,876 18,181 18,090 17,877 17,675 18,128
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,531 15,324 15,005 14,659 14,867 14,888 15,236 15,263 15,156
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,202 18,722 18,482 18,227 18,020 18,430 18,296 18,592 18,501
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,594 3,812 3,612 3,365 3,410 3,368 3,309 3,400 3,395
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,051 2,253 2,141 1,930 2,006 2,059 2,079 2,056 2,010
Self-employed workers......................... 1,246 1,356 1,328 1,198 1,252 1,175 1,182 1,258 1,288
Unpaid family workers......................... 44 46 42 40 38 50 40 37 39
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,255 123,181 122,545 121,583 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773 122,992
Government.................................. 18,939 18,015 18,827 19,080 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496 18,979
Private industries.......................... 102,316 105,166 103,718 102,503 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277 104,013
Private households........................ 1,006 753 784 1,035 953 957 807 716 812
Other industries.......................... 101,310 104,413 102,934 101,468 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561 103,201
Self-employed workers......................... 8,864 8,658 8,878 8,791 8,714 8,665 8,609 8,590 8,799
Unpaid family workers......................... 95 105 99 100 82 71 80 116 105
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,948 3,120 2,854 3,283 3,248 3,117 3,071 3,164 3,189
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,689 1,844 1,837 1,922 1,962 1,811 1,846 1,997 2,101
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,031 863 784 1,073 978 1,022 900 855 815
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,069 16,052 18,751 18,801 18,409 18,308 18,558 18,709 18,456
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,814 3,005 2,724 3,112 3,096 2,967 2,940 3,038 3,021
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,596 1,774 1,747 1,806 1,840 1,713 1,750 1,924 1,983
Could only find part-time work.............. 1,015 843 769 1,063 962 994 881 838 804
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,490 15,480 18,147 18,273 17,853 17,743 18,041 18,190 17,879
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,825 5,829 5,477 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,385 2,309 2,303 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,230 2,311 2,118 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,210 1,209 1,056 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8
Married men, spouse present.................... 965 899 919 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1
Married women, spouse present.................. 897 1,002 946 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8
Women who maintain families.................... 567 546 477 6.4 6.5 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.3
Full-time workers.............................. 4,568 4,631 4,386 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8
Part-time workers.............................. 1,228 1,194 1,081 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.6
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 752 803 739 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,407 1,634 1,380 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.4
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 598 489 540 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,242 1,270 1,207 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 190 233 192 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.7 6.4 5.4
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,626 4,503 4,316 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0
Goods-producing industries................... 1,356 1,260 1,264 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5
Mining..................................... 40 22 29 6.7 4.2 3.5 5.1 4.6 5.8
Construction............................... 526 531 519 6.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.5 6.4
Manufacturing.............................. 790 707 717 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6
Durable goods............................ 492 369 374 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.1
Nondurable goods......................... 298 338 343 3.9 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.3 4.4
Service-producing industries................. 3,270 3,242 3,052 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8
Transportation and public utilities........ 223 255 274 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.3
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,413 1,421 1,299 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 182 194 157 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0
Services................................... 1,452 1,373 1,321 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6
Government workers............................. 392 449 390 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.0
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 116 190 170 5.7 7.6 7.3 7.0 8.5 7.8
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,627 2,513 2,547 2,582 2,531 2,595 2,470 2,594 2,487
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,664 2,031 1,583 1,805 1,953 1,759 1,812 1,846 1,717
15 weeks and over................................ 1,370 1,280 1,194 1,412 1,337 1,242 1,331 1,384 1,226
15 to 26 weeks................................ 672 567 571 708 677 593 654 679 602
27 weeks and over............................. 698 713 623 704 660 649 677 705 624
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 12.9 12.1 13.0 12.6 12.4 13.3 13.0 11.9
Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.0 6.5 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.4 43.2 47.8 44.5 43.5 46.4 44.0 44.5 45.8
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 29.4 34.9 29.7 31.1 33.5 31.4 32.3 31.7 31.6
15 weeks and over.............................. 24.2 22.0 22.4 24.3 23.0 22.2 23.7 23.8 22.6
15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.9 9.7 10.7 12.2 11.6 10.6 11.7 11.7 11.1
27 weeks and over............................ 12.3 12.2 11.7 12.1 11.3 11.6 12.1 12.1 11.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,299 2,544 2,258 2,573 2,483 2,450 2,417 2,615 2,511
On temporary layoff............................. 620 843 595 869 894 959 856 940 823
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,678 1,701 1,662 1,704 1,589 1,491 1,561 1,674 1,688
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,158 1,154 1,104 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 520 546 558 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 871 856 853 758 774 671 799 782 746
Reentrants........................................ 2,028 1,902 1,832 1,967 2,093 2,076 1,961 1,919 1,774
New entrants...................................... 464 522 382 504 500 343 402 514 411
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 40.6 43.7 42.4 44.3 42.4 44.2 43.3 44.8 46.2
On temporary layoff............................ 11.0 14.5 11.2 15.0 15.3 17.3 15.3 16.1 15.1
Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.6 29.2 31.2 29.4 27.2 26.9 28.0 28.7 31.0
Job leavers...................................... 15.4 14.7 16.0 13.1 13.2 12.1 14.3 13.4 13.7
Reentrants....................................... 35.8 32.7 34.4 33.9 35.8 37.5 35.1 32.9 32.6
New entrants..................................... 8.2 9.0 7.2 8.7 8.5 6.2 7.2 8.8 7.5
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8
Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .3 .4 .4 .2 .3 .4 .3
1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.3 4.3 4.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.9 4.9 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 7.0 7.0 6.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,825 5,829 5,477 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,226 2,128 1,977 10.0 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 8.7
16 to 19 years................................ 1,210 1,209 1,056 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8
16 to 17 years.............................. 531 566 519 16.1 16.0 13.1 16.5 17.1 15.7
18 to 19 years.............................. 690 644 554 13.8 10.4 10.6 11.5 12.6 11.2
20 to 24 years................................ 1,016 919 921 7.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 6.4 6.4
25 years and over............................... 3,618 3,700 3,518 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0
25 to 54 years................................ 3,147 3,219 3,009 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0
55 years and over............................. 461 486 518 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,013 3,005 2,881 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8
16 to 24 years................................ 1,163 1,201 1,104 9.9 10.0 9.5 9.6 10.1 9.3
16 to 19 years.............................. 628 695 578 14.6 13.1 14.1 14.0 16.0 13.6
16 to 17 years............................ 283 283 295 16.6 16.9 15.6 17.4 16.9 17.4
18 to 19 years............................ 341 415 279 13.2 10.8 13.3 11.9 15.5 11.0
20 to 24 years.............................. 535 506 527 7.2 8.3 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.9
25 years and over............................. 1,859 1,802 1,778 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,575 1,541 1,518 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8
55 years and over........................... 292 275 265 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,812 2,824 2,597 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0
16 to 24 years................................ 1,063 927 872 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.9 8.6 8.0
16 to 19 years.............................. 582 514 479 14.7 11.8 8.9 12.8 12.6 11.9
16 to 17 years............................ 248 283 225 15.6 15.0 10.4 15.5 17.3 13.9
18 to 19 years............................ 349 229 275 14.5 9.9 7.8 11.0 9.4 11.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 481 413 394 7.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 6.2 5.7
25 years and over............................. 1,759 1,899 1,740 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,572 1,678 1,491 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.2
55 years and over........................... 169 211 253 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.1
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept.
1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,048 69,804 25,582 25,980 43,466 43,824
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,196 4,184 1,797 1,863 2,398 2,321
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,172 1,158 578 594 594 564
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 289 250 158 168 131 81
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 883 908 420 425 463 483
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,584 7,471 3,899 3,930 3,685 3,541
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,171 4,072 2,430 2,338 1,742 1,734
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,667 1,566 482 527 1,186 1,039
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 279 336 193 239 86 96
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,420 1,447 766 805 654 642
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total1........................ 129,614 131,525 131,349 132,086 129,265 131,590 131,647 131,607 131,516 131,768
Total private.................... 109,589 112,008 112,050 111,823 109,042 110,578 110,845 111,001 111,018 111,306
Goods-producing......................... 25,810 26,083 26,113 25,964 25,460 25,684 25,700 25,756 25,643 25,606
Mining................................ 535 547 546 545 527 539 539 538 537 536
Metal mining........................ 44.7 44.1 44.2 43.8 45 44 44 43 44 44
Coal mining......................... 83.2 79.4 80.2 80.7 83 80 79 79 80 81
Oil and gas extraction.............. 291.4 308.7 308.1 308.8 287 305 306 306 304 303
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 115.9 114.5 113.2 111.8 112 110 110 110 109 108
Construction.......................... 6,704 7,036 7,050 6,976 6,439 6,666 6,668 6,670 6,675 6,705
General building contractors........ 1,491.6 1,571.8 1,574.2 1,542.6 1,458 1,497 1,498 1,498 1,504 1,509
Heavy construction, except building. 945.1 955.5 960.9 960.0 866 888 877 881 883 881
Special trade contractors........... 4,266.9 4,508.9 4,514.6 4,473.6 4,115 4,281 4,293 4,291 4,288 4,315
Manufacturing......................... 18,571 18,500 18,517 18,443 18,494 18,479 18,493 18,548 18,431 18,365
Production workers................ 12,775 12,661 12,690 12,662 12,700 12,682 12,683 12,741 12,629 12,592
Durable goods........................ 11,103 11,112 11,100 11,060 11,090 11,106 11,120 11,161 11,086 11,045
Production workers................ 7,592 7,566 7,564 7,557 7,580 7,584 7,593 7,629 7,568 7,543
Lumber and wood products............ 837.6 833.9 829.9 821.8 830 828 827 825 818 814
Furniture and fixtures.............. 550.9 554.1 557.4 556.3 551 558 558 564 557 557
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 571.0 579.1 576.3 572.3 563 566 568 571 566 564
Primary metal industries............ 697.5 693.1 693.7 692.9 697 699 699 698 695 692
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 226.8 226.7 226.6 225.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,518.2 1,527.3 1,535.8 1,531.8 1,518 1,535 1,540 1,539 1,538 1,532
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,127.5 2,132.0 2,123.5 2,118.1 2,133 2,125 2,130 2,137 2,132 2,123
Computer and office equipment..... 369.7 363.1 363.6 361.4 370 360 360 361 363 361
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,671.3 1,713.8 1,717.6 1,713.8 1,670 1,693 1,697 1,719 1,719 1,712
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 635.3 672.4 675.5 678.4 636 654 661 670 675 679
Transportation equipment............ 1,879.3 1,838.7 1,819.4 1,809.9 1,880 1,863 1,864 1,863 1,818 1,811
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,027.8 1,006.3 997.7 991.7 1,025 1,026 1,030 1,029 993 989
Aircraft and parts................ 482.2 458.3 455.0 456.5 483 463 460 460 456 457
Instruments and related products.... 851.3 849.3 850.0 846.1 852 845 844 849 848 846
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 398.7 390.9 396.2 396.6 396 394 393 396 395 394
Nondurable goods..................... 7,468 7,388 7,417 7,383 7,404 7,373 7,373 7,387 7,345 7,320
Production workers................ 5,183 5,095 5,126 5,105 5,120 5,098 5,090 5,112 5,061 5,049
Food and kindred products........... 1,727.7 1,703.8 1,728.6 1,718.0 1,673 1,675 1,679 1,680 1,669 1,664
Tobacco products.................... 39.1 33.7 34.1 36.8 38 37 37 37 34 36
Textile mill products............... 553.6 540.5 541.2 540.1 552 545 542 544 541 539
Apparel and other textile products.. 684.1 643.5 646.8 641.5 678 660 652 656 644 635
Paper and allied products........... 666.2 664.0 661.8 657.4 666 661 663 662 660 657
Printing and publishing............. 1,548.4 1,562.3 1,559.9 1,556.7 1,551 1,552 1,558 1,561 1,560 1,560
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,031.3 1,029.7 1,027.1 1,026.2 1,031 1,028 1,028 1,026 1,023 1,026
Petroleum and coal products......... 134.8 134.4 135.5 133.5 133 132 132 131 133 131
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,005.2 1,003.6 1,007.2 999.0 1,005 1,008 1,008 1,014 1,006 998
Leather and leather products........ 77.5 72.7 74.6 73.7 77 75 74 76 75 74
Service-producing1...................... 103,804 105,442 105,236 106,122 103,805 105,906 105,947 105,851 105,873 106,162
Transportation and public utilities... 6,908 6,992 6,924 7,088 6,866 6,962 6,985 7,010 6,941 7,046
Transportation...................... 4,478 4,506 4,521 4,601 4,436 4,501 4,510 4,536 4,548 4,558
Railroad transportation........... 228.2 220.5 221.1 221.7 226 219 217 219 221 220
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 500.9 436.7 438.6 517.5 488 498 493 502 504 505
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,842.0 1,865.2 1,873.3 1,876.7 1,816 1,834 1,834 1,846 1,844 1,850
Water transportation.............. 194.2 211.7 213.4 207.6 189 200 202 199 204 202
Transportation by air............. 1,233.3 1,282.6 1,284.4 1,286.2 1,238 1,269 1,279 1,282 1,288 1,291
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.4 13 12 12 13 12 12
Transportation services........... 466.5 476.7 477.5 479.3 466 469 473 475 475 478
Communications and public utilities. 2,430 2,486 2,403 2,487 2,430 2,461 2,475 2,474 2,393 2,488
Communications.................... 1,565.4 1,622.3 1,542.2 1,632.2 1,565 1,606 1,619 1,618 1,538 1,632
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 864.5 863.7 861.2 855.2 865 855 856 856 855 856
Wholesale trade....................... 6,967 7,089 7,089 7,070 6,962 7,048 7,049 7,050 7,062 7,065
Durable goods....................... 4,140 4,223 4,217 4,193 4,143 4,199 4,195 4,205 4,201 4,196
Nondurable goods.................... 2,827 2,866 2,872 2,877 2,819 2,849 2,854 2,845 2,861 2,869
Retail trade.......................... 22,893 23,324 23,347 23,234 22,844 23,064 23,122 23,196 23,188 23,189
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 994.9 1,055.0 1,039.2 1,015.1 994 1,025 1,018 1,018 1,020 1,015
General merchandise stores.......... 2,715.0 2,667.2 2,689.0 2,705.7 2,757 2,744 2,741 2,727 2,738 2,750
Department stores................. 2,375.9 2,321.0 2,342.6 2,359.3 2,414 2,388 2,386 2,373 2,390 2,399
Food stores......................... 3,484.8 3,542.6 3,536.9 3,514.9 3,495 3,516 3,515 3,519 3,522 3,525
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,384.4 2,439.1 2,442.8 2,431.6 2,372 2,408 2,412 2,411 2,417 2,420
New and used car dealers.......... 1,090.3 1,117.4 1,119.2 1,121.6 1,087 1,107 1,110 1,111 1,114 1,118
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,169.0 1,197.5 1,209.2 1,190.9 1,183 1,195 1,197 1,206 1,203 1,205
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,082.6 1,108.6 1,111.3 1,110.9 1,092 1,113 1,118 1,119 1,121 1,120
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,088.1 8,303.3 8,292.3 8,208.3 7,956 8,028 8,071 8,132 8,098 8,077
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,974.5 3,010.4 3,026.1 3,056.5 2,995 3,035 3,050 3,064 3,069 3,077
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,590 7,688 7,685 7,623 7,589 7,600 7,588 7,586 7,606 7,622
Finance............................. 3,692 3,736 3,735 3,717 3,702 3,703 3,705 3,708 3,716 3,727
Depository institutions........... 2,056.6 2,051.7 2,048.5 2,030.1 2,063 2,044 2,042 2,036 2,037 2,036
Commercial banks................ 1,472.0 1,461.3 1,459.8 1,444.3 1,476 1,456 1,454 1,449 1,451 1,449
Savings institutions............ 249.3 241.5 240.4 238.2 250 243 242 240 240 239
Nondepository institutions........ 708.0 685.4 684.1 684.7 711 684 682 683 683 688
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 351.3 321.6 320.3 321.8 353 322 321 321 319 324
Security and commodity brokers.... 697.3 755.9 759.5 758.9 697 736 741 748 752 758
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 229.6 242.9 242.6 243.6 231 239 240 241 244 245
Insurance........................... 2,372 2,367 2,365 2,352 2,376 2,361 2,359 2,354 2,357 2,355
Insurance carriers................ 1,607.2 1,594.6 1,592.7 1,581.8 1,610 1,594 1,593 1,585 1,587 1,584
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 765.1 772.2 772.4 769.9 766 767 766 769 770 771
Real estate......................... 1,526 1,585 1,585 1,554 1,511 1,536 1,524 1,524 1,533 1,540
Services3............................. 39,421 40,832 40,892 40,844 39,321 40,220 40,401 40,403 40,578 40,778
Agricultural services............... 811.8 879.6 870.4 842.7 770 790 788 794 799 799
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,915.6 2,084.0 2,074.1 1,983.3 1,863 1,904 1,922 1,925 1,923 1,927
Personal services................... 1,207.4 1,227.3 1,239.0 1,247.0 1,243 1,262 1,271 1,273 1,285 1,284
Business services................... 9,468.3 9,807.0 9,929.4 9,963.9 9,404 9,715 9,773 9,768 9,809 9,925
Services to buildings............. 1,000.8 1,008.5 1,007.2 1,004.6 994 996 997 1,002 997 998
Personnel supply services......... 3,738.4 3,866.8 3,968.2 4,009.5 3,678 3,855 3,873 3,851 3,873 3,907
Help supply services............ 3,354.5 3,451.7 3,541.0 3,574.1 3,298 3,440 3,444 3,433 3,444 3,513
Computer and data processing
services....................... 1,859.8 1,948.9 1,956.0 1,952.1 1,866 1,929 1,933 1,950 1,954 1,958
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,187.7 1,201.4 1,203.6 1,201.5 1,186 1,192 1,191 1,194 1,198 1,200
Miscellaneous repair services....... 376.7 387.6 387.6 385.8 377 383 384 384 385 386
Motion pictures..................... 611.4 645.4 649.4 625.8 619 632 635 634 635 634
Amusement and recreation services... 1,760.1 2,122.8 2,093.0 1,887.7 1,672 1,755 1,789 1,795 1,808 1,793
Health services..................... 10004.5 10167.0 10173.6 10172.1 10,015 10,104 10,116 10,143 10,157 10,183
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,885.5 1,936.3 1,941.1 1,942.5 1,888 1,928 1,928 1,930 1,933 1,945
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,787.2 1,792.4 1,797.2 1,795.1 1,785 1,788 1,786 1,787 1,792 1,793
Hospitals......................... 3,984.8 4,030.4 4,026.8 4,030.4 3,989 4,005 4,008 4,018 4,020 4,034
Home health care services......... 634.5 644.2 643.2 641.4 635 641 642 645 645 642
Legal services...................... 995.1 1,028.3 1,019.4 1,008.2 1,000 1,006 1,009 1,012 1,014 1,013
Educational services................ 2,240.6 2,076.2 2,055.1 2,331.7 2,294 2,356 2,374 2,374 2,389 2,388
Social services..................... 2,825.7 2,903.8 2,920.2 2,984.3 2,823 2,946 2,945 2,919 2,960 2,995
Child day care services........... 709.8 698.4 711.3 774.7 701 758 760 768 776 765
Residential care.................. 782.0 831.9 832.5 830.0 785 816 820 826 828 833
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 98.5 111.7 110.1 103.2 98 101 103 103 103 102
Membership organizations............ 2,407.7 2,501.4 2,473.0 2,427.3 2,430 2,438 2,441 2,429 2,433 2,450
Engineering and management services. 3,266.1 3,442.4 3,449.1 3,435.3 3,283 3,390 3,415 3,411 3,435 3,454
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 958.4 1,023.0 1,025.3 1,015.3 956 995 1,005 1,007 1,010 1,013
Management and public relations... 1,047.7 1,117.1 1,122.6 1,124.6 1,044 1,096 1,110 1,107 1,116 1,121
Services, nec....................... 51.6 54.2 52.7 52.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government1........................... 20,025 19,517 19,299 20,263 20,223 21,012 20,802 20,606 20,498 20,462
Federal1............................ 2,647 2,837 2,659 2,614 2,655 3,238 3,092 2,819 2,657 2,624
Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,784.4 1,980.0 1,802.1 1,759.2 1,785 2,374 2,230 1,954 1,790 1,761
State............................... 4,687 4,497 4,504 4,741 4,714 4,737 4,716 4,744 4,763 4,767
Education......................... 1,941.7 1,700.3 1,706.4 1,961.4 1,978 1,983 1,967 1,994 2,000 1,997
Other State government............ 2,745.4 2,796.8 2,797.4 2,779.5 2,736 2,754 2,749 2,750 2,763 2,770
Local............................... 12,691 12,183 12,136 12,908 12,854 13,037 12,994 13,043 13,078 13,071
Education......................... 7,149.5 6,220.0 6,229.6 7,241.1 7,299 7,395 7,361 7,394 7,400 7,390
Other local government............ 5,541.8 5,963.0 5,906.0 5,666.4 5,555 5,642 5,633 5,649 5,678 5,681
1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, and 6,000 in
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, and September 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for
these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 34.3 34.9 34.7 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4
Goods-producing......................... 40.9 40.9 41.1 41.3 41.2 40.9 40.9 41.1 40.8 40.5
Mining................................ 44.3 45.3 45.0 45.4 44.3 44.1 44.7 45.3 44.6 44.7
Construction.......................... 38.6 40.3 40.2 40.0 39.3 39.2 38.7 39.3 39.2 38.5
Manufacturing......................... 41.7 41.1 41.4 41.7 41.8 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.3 41.2
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4
Durable goods........................ 42.1 41.6 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.0 42.2 42.4 41.9 41.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5
Lumber and wood products............ 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.7 41.1 40.7 40.8 41.1 40.3 40.2
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.3 39.2 39.8 40.1 40.4 40.3 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.2
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.0 43.8 43.8 43.9 43.5 43.0 42.9 43.7 43.2 43.1
Primary metal industries............ 44.3 43.5 43.4 43.8 44.5 43.8 43.9 44.3 43.6 43.6
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 44.9 44.9 44.1 44.0 45.0 44.7 45.0 45.2 44.2 44.1
Fabricated metal products........... 41.9 41.7 42.0 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.0 41.9
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.7 41.9 41.9 42.1 42.4 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.1 41.8
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.5 41.6 41.3 41.4 41.9 41.1 41.1
Transportation equipment............ 43.9 41.9 43.1 43.5 44.0 43.2 44.0 43.9 43.4 42.7
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.4 42.0 44.1 44.4 45.4 44.2 45.3 44.5 44.6 43.3
Instruments and related products.... 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.3 41.5 41.2 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.7 38.9 39.6 39.9 39.9 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.5 39.4
Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.4 40.6 41.0 41.0 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2
Food and kindred products........... 42.1 41.2 41.7 42.2 41.7 41.2 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.4
Tobacco products.................... 39.9 39.5 40.2 41.5 40.2 39.6 39.4 40.5 39.9 40.6
Textile mill products............... 40.7 40.5 41.0 41.0 40.9 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.8 40.7
Apparel and other textile products.. 36.8 36.8 37.0 36.9 37.4 37.1 37.0 37.3 36.9 36.7
Paper and allied products........... 43.7 42.2 42.1 42.7 43.4 42.8 42.8 42.4 42.4 42.4
Printing and publishing............. 38.6 37.8 38.0 38.4 38.3 38.0 38.2 38.1 37.9 37.9
Chemicals and allied products....... 43.3 42.9 42.9 43.1 43.2 42.7 42.9 43.4 43.0 42.9
Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 45.0 44.1 44.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.6 40.7 41.0 41.4 41.8 41.3 41.4 41.4 41.2 41.1
Leather and leather products........ 37.4 36.3 37.9 37.9 37.5 38.2 37.8 37.1 37.2 37.3
Service-producing....................... 32.6 33.4 33.1 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.8
Transportation and public utilities... 38.5 39.2 38.9 38.9 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.4 38.7
Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.8 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.5
Retail trade.......................... 28.8 29.8 29.5 28.8 28.8 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.8 28.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.7 36.1 36.1 36.4 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.2 36.4
Services.............................. 32.3 33.0 32.9 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.7
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... $13.38 $13.68 $13.67 $13.88 $458.93 $477.43 $474.35 $477.47
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.35 13.75 13.80 13.83 460.58 473.00 473.34 475.75
Goods-producing......................... 15.08 15.48 15.50 15.62 616.77 633.13 637.05 645.11
Mining................................ 17.13 17.13 16.94 17.19 758.86 775.99 762.30 780.43
Construction.......................... 17.46 17.95 18.05 18.19 673.96 723.39 725.61 727.60
Manufacturing......................... 14.11 14.37 14.38 14.51 588.39 590.61 595.33 605.07
Durable goods........................ 14.62 14.86 14.94 15.06 615.50 618.18 625.99 635.53
Lumber and wood products............ 11.56 11.87 11.83 11.90 472.80 483.11 482.66 484.33
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.33 11.80 11.82 11.89 456.60 462.56 470.44 476.79
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.10 14.42 14.41 14.54 620.40 631.60 631.16 638.31
Primary metal industries............ 16.18 16.68 16.55 16.67 716.77 725.58 718.27 730.15
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 18.99 19.78 19.49 19.63 852.65 888.12 859.51 863.72
Fabricated metal products........... 13.64 13.82 13.90 14.03 571.52 576.29 583.80 594.87
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.24 15.61 15.66 15.74 635.51 654.06 656.15 662.65
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.64 13.79 13.79 13.88 563.33 566.77 566.77 576.02
Transportation equipment............ 18.50 18.66 19.04 19.25 812.15 781.85 820.62 837.38
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.96 19.07 19.61 19.78 860.78 800.94 864.80 878.23
Instruments and related products.... 14.29 14.65 14.63 14.72 587.32 600.65 599.83 607.94
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.43 11.65 11.62 11.73 453.77 453.19 460.15 468.03
Nondurable goods..................... 13.33 13.61 13.53 13.67 546.53 549.84 549.32 560.47
Food and kindred products........... 12.18 12.46 12.40 12.55 512.78 513.35 517.08 529.61
Tobacco products.................... 18.90 21.08 20.92 19.15 754.11 832.66 840.98 794.73
Textile mill products............... 10.78 10.97 10.98 11.08 438.75 444.29 450.18 454.28
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.01 9.06 9.08 9.19 331.57 333.41 335.96 339.11
Paper and allied products........... 16.24 16.29 16.18 16.31 709.69 687.44 681.18 696.44
Printing and publishing............. 13.98 14.29 14.29 14.47 539.63 540.16 543.02 555.65
Chemicals and allied products....... 17.67 18.17 18.00 18.12 765.11 779.49 772.20 780.97
Petroleum and coal products......... 21.55 21.24 21.01 21.39 930.96 955.80 926.54 956.13
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.51 12.84 12.81 12.90 520.42 522.59 525.21 534.06
Leather and leather products........ 9.95 10.08 10.15 10.26 372.13 365.90 384.69 388.85
Service-producing....................... 12.82 13.12 13.10 13.33 417.93 438.21 433.61 435.89
Transportation and public utilities... 15.80 16.19 16.22 16.28 608.30 634.65 630.96 633.29
Wholesale trade....................... 14.68 15.25 15.16 15.35 560.78 591.70 580.63 589.44
Retail trade.......................... 9.19 9.38 9.41 9.57 264.67 279.52 277.60 275.62
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.64 15.01 14.99 15.11 528.50 550.87 541.14 545.47
Services.............................. 13.45 13.74 13.70 13.96 434.44 453.42 450.73 453.70
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. change
Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from:
Aug. 2000-
Sept. 2000
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.35 $13.66 $13.70 $13.75 $13.80 $13.83 0.2
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.86 7.87 7.85 7.86 7.90 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 14.96 15.29 15.34 15.40 15.46 15.47 .1
Mining...................... 17.14 17.25 17.24 17.23 17.05 17.19 .8
Construction................ 17.26 17.75 17.77 17.90 17.94 17.98 .2
Manufacturing............... 14.04 14.27 14.36 14.39 14.44 14.44 .0
Excluding overtime4....... 13.29 13.53 13.60 13.64 13.69 13.74 .4
Service-producing............. 12.83 13.15 13.19 13.23 13.28 13.33 .4
Transportation and public
utilities................ 15.79 16.22 16.28 16.17 16.26 16.27 .1
Wholesale trade............. 14.70 15.02 15.16 15.22 15.23 15.37 .9
Retail trade................ 9.16 9.39 9.43 9.45 9.50 9.54 .4
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 14.71 15.01 15.05 15.03 15.12 15.18 .4
Services.................... 13.46 13.79 13.82 13.89 13.94 13.97 .2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series. The data in this series have been revised from January 2000 through August
2000 due to corrections in the CPI-W.
3 Change was .5 percent from July 2000 to August 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p
Total private.................... 148.6 155.0 154.2 152.6 148.6 150.5 151.3 151.4 151.0 151.4
Goods-producing......................... 117.3 118.5 119.3 119.1 116.0 116.3 116.3 117.4 115.7 114.8
Mining................................ 51.2 52.7 52.2 52.5 50.2 50.7 51.4 51.9 50.6 50.6
Construction.......................... 183.3 201.0 201.1 197.6 177.5 183.6 181.4 184.1 183.3 181.2
Manufacturing......................... 107.3 104.9 105.9 106.4 107.1 106.0 106.4 107.2 105.3 104.6
Durable goods........................ 111.5 109.7 110.5 111.1 112.1 111.2 111.8 113.0 110.5 109.6
Lumber and wood products............ 148.5 147.1 146.7 144.7 147.8 146.1 145.8 146.7 142.6 141.3
Furniture and fixtures.............. 139.1 135.4 138.4 139.3 139.4 140.9 139.5 140.1 137.2 136.2
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.7 119.3 118.8 118.5 115.4 114.6 114.1 117.3 114.9 114.1
Primary metal industries............ 91.4 89.3 89.4 90.2 91.9 91.0 91.0 91.9 90.1 89.7
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.1 71.1 70.2 69.5 71.5 70.6 70.7 71.4 70.2 69.7
Fabricated metal products........... 118.4 118.7 120.3 121.3 119.6 121.2 121.9 123.3 120.7 119.9
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 102.7 104.1 103.8 104.4 104.9 104.5 105.7 106.5 105.3 103.9
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 106.9 107.4 107.9 109.3 107.5 107.1 107.8 110.4 108.3 108.0
Transportation equipment............ 127.2 117.8 119.8 121.1 127.5 123.6 125.9 125.7 120.6 119.1
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 172.2 153.6 159.9 161.5 172.0 166.4 171.2 167.7 161.7 157.6
Instruments and related products.... 75.2 73.8 74.1 74.2 76.1 74.0 74.3 75.2 74.3 74.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 103.6 97.5 100.7 101.6 102.9 100.2 100.1 100.9 100.4 99.4
Nondurable goods..................... 101.6 98.2 99.5 100.0 100.2 98.9 99.0 99.4 98.1 97.7
Food and kindred products........... 123.7 118.5 122.4 123.2 117.4 116.3 117.3 117.1 116.2 115.9
Tobacco products.................... 55.5 43.2 44.4 52.3 53.7 49.0 48.8 50.2 43.5 50.3
Textile mill products............... 79.3 77.0 77.9 77.9 79.5 78.7 78.6 78.9 77.6 77.1
Apparel and other textile products.. 58.7 55.2 55.8 55.1 59.1 57.2 56.1 57.3 55.5 54.3
Paper and allied products........... 107.7 103.7 103.2 104.1 106.9 104.8 105.2 103.8 103.6 103.4
Printing and publishing............. 122.6 121.6 122.3 123.1 121.8 121.7 122.4 122.7 122.0 122.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 103.4 101.9 101.3 102.2 103.3 102.1 102.0 103.2 101.6 101.8
Petroleum and coal products......... 73.5 66.5 64.8 65.2 71.3 64.0 62.9 64.6 63.0 62.2
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.0 143.4 145.5 145.9 147.7 146.8 147.6 148.5 146.1 144.8
Leather and leather products........ 33.2 29.6 32.0 31.5 32.8 32.3 31.9 31.9 31.4 30.9
Service-producing....................... 162.6 171.3 169.9 167.6 163.2 165.9 167.0 166.6 166.8 167.8
Transportation and public utilities... 134.9 139.5 136.9 140.3 134.3 136.1 136.4 138.7 135.8 138.9
Wholesale trade....................... 130.4 134.7 133.0 132.8 130.8 133.1 133.0 132.6 132.2 132.8
Retail trade.......................... 142.9 150.8 149.4 144.7 142.5 143.9 145.3 144.7 144.6 144.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.1 143.1 140.5 139.0 139.6 138.7 139.8 139.2 139.2 140.4
Services.............................. 201.4 214.2 213.4 210.5 202.9 207.9 209.5 208.4 210.0 211.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0
1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4
1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0
2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 p50.8 p52.4
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3
1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1
1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4
1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1
2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 p56.9 p54.8
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4
1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4
1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1
1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6
2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 p59.1 p54.8
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9
1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4
1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1
1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2
2000.............. 64.9 p63.5 p60.1
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2
1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4
1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9
1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4
2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 p37.4 p37.4
Over 3-month span:
1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6
1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0
1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6
1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7
2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 p44.6 p34.2
Over 6-month span:
1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7
1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7
1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7
1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1
2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 p45.3 p34.9
Over 12-month span:
1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7
1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2
1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5
1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0
2000.............. 47.8 p44.2 p36.3
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: November 03, 2000
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_sep2000.htm
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