Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-331
http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, October 5, 2001.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 2001
Payroll employment fell by 199,000 in September, and the unemployment
rate was unchanged at 4.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Sharp job losses continued in
manufacturing, and employment also fell in services, wholesale trade, and
retail trade.
The terrorist attacks of September 11 occurred during the reference
periods for the Bureau's monthly establishment and household surveys. In
addition to the tragic loss of life, the attacks caused many businesses to
shut down for one or more days. In the establishment survey, however,
persons paid for any part of the reference period are considered employed.
Similarly, in the household survey, persons working during any part of the
reference week, as well as those temporarily absent from their jobs, are
considered employed. Thus, it is likely that the events of September 11
had little effect on the September employment and unemployment counts.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 7.0 million
in September, seasonally adjusted, and the unemployment rate remained at
4.9 percent. The jobless rate had been about 4.5 percent from April through
July of this year and was 3.9 percent a year ago. The unemployment rates for
each of the major worker groups--adult men (4.3 percent), adult women
(4.4 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), whites (4.3 percent), blacks
(8.7 percent), and Hispanics (6.4 percent)--showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment rose by about 800,000 in September to 135.2 million,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline in August of even larger
magnitude. Since January, employment has fallen by about 800,000, and the
employment-population ratio (63.7 percent in September) has declined by
0.8 percentage point. (See table A-1.)
The civilian labor force rose to 142.2 million in September, and the
labor force participation rate increased to 67.0 percent.
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons rose by
about 860,000 in September to 4.2 million, seasonally adjusted. These
persons indicated that they would like to work full time but worked part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to
find a full-time job. Most of the September increase was among persons
whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions, and probably
reflects the effect of the terrorist attacks on September 11, as businesses
closed or were unable to operate at usual capacity. (See table A-4.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in September, up from 1.2 million a year
earlier. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as
unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 280,000, essentially
unchanged from a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data |
|_________________|__________________________| Aug.-
Category | 2001 | 2001 | Sept.
|_________________|__________________________|change
| II | III | July | Aug. | Sept. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,461| 141,771| 141,774| 141,350| 142,190| 840
Employment..........| 135,130| 134,984| 135,379| 134,393| 135,181| 788
Unemployment........| 6,331| 6,787| 6,395| 6,957| 7,009| 52
Not in labor force....| 70,072| 70,367| 70,147| 70,785| 70,167| -618
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........| 4.5| 4.8| 4.5| 4.9| 4.9| .0
Adult men...........| 4.0| 4.2| 3.9| 4.4| 4.3| -0.1
Adult women.........| 3.8| 4.2| 3.9| 4.2| 4.4| .2
Teenagers...........| 14.0| 15.2| 14.8| 16.1| 14.7| -1.4
White...............| 3.9| 4.2| 4.0| 4.3| 4.3| .0
Black...............| 8.2| 8.6| 7.9| 9.1| 8.7| -.4
Hispanic origin.....| 6.5| 6.2| 6.0| 6.3| 6.4| .1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,483|p132,327| 132,449|p132,365|p132,166| p-199
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,310| p24,991| 25,122| p24,974| p24,877| p-97
Construction......| 6,866| p6,863| 6,867| p6,863| p6,859| p-4
Manufacturing.....| 17,882| p17,560| 17,688| p17,542| p17,449| p-93
Service-producing 1/| 107,173|p107,336| 107,327|p107,391|p107,289| p-102
Retail trade......| 23,546| p23,570| 23,606| p23,574| p23,530| p-44
Services..........| 41,052| p41,080| 41,046| p41,117| p41,076| p-41
Government........| 20,782| p20,971| 20,932| p20,992| p20,989| p-3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 34.2| p34.1| 34.2| p34.0| p34.1| p0.1
Manufacturing.......| 40.8| p40.7| 40.8| p40.7| p40.5| p-.2
Overtime..........| 3.9| p4.0| 4.0| p4.0| p3.9| p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........| 151.4| p150.2| 150.8| p150.1| p149.7| p-0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
| Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| $14.25| p$14.40| $14.34| p$14.41| p$14.44| p$0.03
Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private.......| 487.46| p490.92| 490.43| p489.94| p492.40| p2.46
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 199,000 in September to 132.2 million,
seasonally adjusted. This was the largest job loss since February 1991 and
followed a decline of 84,000 (as revised) in August. Since March, net job
losses have totaled nearly half a million. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, the downward trend in manufacturing
employment continued, as factories lost 93,000 jobs in September. This was
the 14th consecutive month of factory job losses, bringing the decline in
employment since July 2000 to 1.1 million. In durable goods manufacturing,
large employment declines continued in both industrial machinery (20,000)
and electrical equipment (18,000). Since July 2000, employment in industrial
machinery has declined by 8 percent and employment in electrical equipment by
11 percent. In nondurable goods manufacturing, employment continued to
decline in September in a number of industries including printing and pub-
lishing and apparel.
Employment in construction was little changed over the month and has
shown no net growth in recent months. Mining employment was unchanged in
September. It had risen by 21,000--due largely to increases in oil and gas
extraction--during the prior 8 months.
Reflecting the slowdown in manufacturing, wholesale trade employment
continued to decline, down by 21,000 in September. Since its last peak in
November 2000, the industry has lost 80,000 jobs, with losses concentrated
in durable goods distribution in most of those months. In September,
however, employment in nondurable goods distribution also experienced a
sizable decline.
Retail trade employment declined for the second straight month; in
September, the largest losses were in eating and drinking places, apparel
stores, and food stores. Both apparel stores and food stores have been on
a declining trend in recent months. Employment in eating and drinking
places showed no net growth in the third quarter.
The services industry lost 41,000 jobs in September. A primary source
of job growth for several decades, services has shown no net gain in
employment since March. Business services shed 39,000 jobs in September,
matching its average monthly decline so far in 2001; most of the decline
this year has been in help supply, which continued to reduce its payrolls
in September. Following 2 months of declines, computer services posted a
small job gain. Amusement and recreation services experienced a large
employment decline in September (26,000). Job growth continued in health
services; the industry added 29,000 jobs in September, about half of which
was in hospitals. Employment in health services has increased by 230,000
thus far this year.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate increased by 14,000 in
September. Job growth in security brokerages, insurance, and real estate,
however, reflects fewer seasonal reductions than usual following weak
hiring in these industries earlier in the year.
Employment in transportation and public utilities edged down in September,
following a very large decline in August. So far this year, the industry has
lost about 40,000 jobs. Employment has been on a downward trend for much of
this year in trucking and air transportation and, in recent months, in com-
munications. Employment in government was little changed over the month.
- 4 -
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in September to 34.1 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours. The weekly hours
series measure hours paid rather than hours actually worked. Thus, the hours
missed due to the terrorist attacks would still be counted if the workers were
paid for those hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.3 percent in September to
149.7 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index is down by 1.6 percent
since January. The manufacturing index fell by 1.2 percent to 95.5 in
September and has fallen by 10.7 percent since July 2000. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in September to $14.44,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a gain of 7 cents (as revised) in
August. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.5 percent in September to
$492.40. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 4.3 percent
and average weekly earnings grew by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.)
_____________________________
The Employment Situation for October 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, November 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
- 5 -
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.
- 6 -
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
- 7 -
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the
- 8 -
monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 210,161 212,135 212,357 210,161 211,525 211,725 211,921 212,135 212,357
Civilian labor force............................ 140,357 141,862 141,576 140,847 141,272 141,354 141,774 141,350 142,190
Participation rate........................ 66.8 66.9 66.7 67.0 66.8 66.8 66.9 66.6 67.0
Employed...................................... 135,033 134,905 134,868 135,310 135,103 134,932 135,379 134,393 135,181
Employment-population ratio............... 64.3 63.6 63.5 64.4 63.9 63.7 63.9 63.4 63.7
Agriculture................................. 3,510 3,419 3,371 3,356 3,193 2,995 3,045 3,117 3,220
Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,523 131,487 131,497 131,954 131,910 131,937 132,334 131,276 131,961
Unemployed.................................... 5,324 6,956 6,708 5,537 6,169 6,422 6,395 6,957 7,009
Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9
Not in labor force.............................. 69,804 70,274 70,781 69,314 70,254 70,370 70,147 70,785 70,167
Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,184 5,062 4,348 4,355 4,535 4,600 4,529 4,858 4,539
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,963 101,995 102,110 100,963 101,684 101,786 101,885 101,995 102,110
Civilian labor force............................ 74,983 76,102 75,689 75,305 75,344 75,462 75,719 75,518 76,058
Participation rate........................ 74.3 74.6 74.1 74.6 74.1 74.1 74.3 74.0 74.5
Employed...................................... 72,317 72,554 72,284 72,398 71,978 71,926 72,279 71,690 72,333
Employment-population ratio............... 71.6 71.1 70.8 71.7 70.8 70.7 70.9 70.3 70.8
Unemployed.................................... 2,666 3,548 3,405 2,907 3,366 3,535 3,439 3,828 3,724
Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 4.7 4.5 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 5.1 4.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,863 93,810 93,917 92,863 93,541 93,616 93,708 93,810 93,917
Civilian labor force............................ 70,954 71,713 71,750 71,053 71,351 71,346 71,555 71,514 71,894
Participation rate........................ 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.5 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.2 76.6
Employed...................................... 68,823 68,828 68,952 68,728 68,595 68,466 68,745 68,402 68,826
Employment-population ratio............... 74.1 73.4 73.4 74.0 73.3 73.1 73.4 72.9 73.3
Agriculture................................. 2,474 2,301 2,301 2,350 2,169 2,035 2,028 2,140 2,175
Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,349 66,527 66,651 66,378 66,426 66,430 66,717 66,262 66,651
Unemployed.................................... 2,130 2,885 2,799 2,325 2,756 2,880 2,810 3,112 3,069
Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.3
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,198 110,140 110,247 109,198 109,842 109,939 110,035 110,140 110,247
Civilian labor force............................ 65,374 65,759 65,887 65,542 65,928 65,893 66,055 65,833 66,132
Participation rate........................ 59.9 59.7 59.8 60.0 60.0 59.9 60.0 59.8 60.0
Employed...................................... 62,716 62,352 62,584 62,912 63,125 63,006 63,100 62,703 62,848
Employment-population ratio............... 57.4 56.6 56.8 57.6 57.5 57.3 57.3 56.9 57.0
Unemployed.................................... 2,658 3,408 3,303 2,630 2,803 2,887 2,956 3,130 3,284
Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,321 102,165 102,277 101,321 101,938 102,023 102,067 102,165 102,277
Civilian labor force............................ 61,552 61,743 62,230 61,486 62,119 61,890 62,145 62,172 62,242
Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.4 60.8 60.7 60.9 60.7 60.9 60.9 60.9
Employed...................................... 59,370 58,851 59,446 59,344 59,766 59,510 59,752 59,562 59,489
Employment-population ratio............... 58.6 57.6 58.1 58.6 58.6 58.3 58.5 58.3 58.2
Agriculture................................. 787 820 842 764 822 752 773 766 826
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,583 58,032 58,604 58,580 58,943 58,759 58,978 58,796 58,663
Unemployed.................................... 2,182 2,892 2,784 2,142 2,353 2,380 2,394 2,610 2,754
Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 4.7 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,977 16,161 16,163 15,977 16,046 16,086 16,145 16,161 16,163
Civilian labor force............................ 7,852 8,406 7,595 8,308 7,802 8,118 8,074 7,664 8,054
Participation rate........................ 49.1 52.0 47.0 52.0 48.6 50.5 50.0 47.4 49.8
Employed...................................... 6,840 7,226 6,469 7,238 6,742 6,956 6,883 6,429 6,867
Employment-population ratio............... 42.8 44.7 40.0 45.3 42.0 43.2 42.6 39.8 42.5
Agriculture................................. 249 299 228 242 201 209 244 211 219
Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,591 6,928 6,242 6,996 6,541 6,748 6,638 6,218 6,648
Unemployed.................................... 1,012 1,180 1,126 1,070 1,060 1,162 1,191 1,236 1,187
Unemployment rate......................... 12.9 14.0 14.8 12.9 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,745 176,069 176,220 174,745 175,653 175,789 175,924 176,069 176,220
Civilian labor force............................ 117,237 118,065 117,853 117,553 117,688 117,733 117,982 117,726 118,290
Participation rate.......................... 67.1 67.1 66.9 67.3 67.0 67.0 67.1 66.9 67.1
Employed...................................... 113,334 113,084 113,013 113,464 113,185 113,037 113,237 112,703 113,201
Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 64.2 64.1 64.9 64.4 64.3 64.4 64.0 64.2
Unemployed.................................... 3,903 4,981 4,840 4,089 4,503 4,696 4,745 5,024 5,089
Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 60,227 60,648 60,672 60,259 60,512 60,389 60,432 60,575 60,784
Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.8 76.8 76.9 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.7 76.9
Employed...................................... 58,660 58,589 58,610 58,529 58,493 58,244 58,362 58,297 58,493
Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 74.2 74.2 74.7 74.3 73.9 74.0 73.8 74.0
Unemployed.................................... 1,567 2,059 2,063 1,730 2,019 2,145 2,069 2,278 2,292
Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 50,355 50,268 50,713 50,256 50,611 50,431 50,684 50,656 50,651
Participation rate.......................... 60.1 59.6 60.1 60.0 60.2 59.9 60.2 60.1 60.0
Employed...................................... 48,786 48,204 48,773 48,700 48,902 48,749 48,925 48,839 48,724
Employment-population ratio................. 58.3 57.2 57.8 58.2 58.1 57.9 58.1 57.9 57.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,570 2,065 1,941 1,556 1,708 1,682 1,759 1,817 1,927
Unemployment rate........................... 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 6,654 7,149 6,468 7,038 6,566 6,913 6,866 6,495 6,855
Participation rate.......................... 52.4 55.8 50.4 55.4 51.4 54.0 53.6 50.7 53.5
Employed...................................... 5,888 6,292 5,630 6,235 5,790 6,044 5,950 5,567 5,984
Employment-population ratio................. 46.4 49.1 43.9 49.1 45.3 47.2 46.5 43.4 46.7
Unemployed.................................... 766 857 837 803 776 869 916 928 870
Unemployment rate........................... 11.5 12.0 12.9 11.4 11.8 12.6 13.3 14.3 12.7
Men....................................... 11.9 12.8 13.3 12.2 13.1 14.5 13.7 15.8 13.5
Women..................................... 11.1 11.0 12.5 10.6 10.5 10.6 13.0 12.7 11.9
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,299 25,604 25,644 25,299 25,501 25,533 25,565 25,604 25,644
Civilian labor force............................ 16,426 16,788 16,719 16,489 16,639 16,756 16,693 16,712 16,792
Participation rate.......................... 64.9 65.6 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.6 65.3 65.3 65.5
Employed...................................... 15,244 15,215 15,269 15,304 15,311 15,343 15,374 15,195 15,327
Employment-population ratio................. 60.3 59.4 59.5 60.5 60.0 60.1 60.1 59.3 59.8
Unemployed.................................... 1,182 1,572 1,450 1,185 1,328 1,413 1,320 1,517 1,466
Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 9.4 8.7 7.2 8.0 8.4 7.9 9.1 8.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 7,285 7,418 7,436 7,307 7,275 7,317 7,395 7,424 7,468
Participation rate.......................... 71.8 72.3 72.3 72.0 71.2 71.5 72.1 72.3 72.6
Employed...................................... 6,826 6,772 6,897 6,832 6,723 6,744 6,808 6,752 6,904
Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 66.0 67.1 67.3 65.8 65.9 66.4 65.8 67.1
Unemployed.................................... 458 646 538 475 552 573 586 672 564
Unemployment rate........................... 6.3 8.7 7.2 6.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 9.0 7.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................ 8,239 8,387 8,433 8,231 8,421 8,491 8,409 8,424 8,424
Participation rate.......................... 64.9 65.3 65.5 64.9 65.8 66.3 65.5 65.6 65.4
Employed...................................... 7,740 7,756 7,764 7,750 7,882 7,917 7,903 7,842 7,772
Employment-population ratio................. 61.0 60.4 60.3 61.1 61.6 61.8 61.6 61.0 60.4
Unemployed.................................... 499 631 669 481 539 573 506 582 652
Unemployment rate........................... 6.1 7.5 7.9 5.8 6.4 6.8 6.0 6.9 7.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................ 902 982 851 951 942 948 890 864 901
Participation rate.......................... 36.6 39.5 34.2 38.6 38.0 38.2 35.8 34.8 36.2
Employed...................................... 677 687 608 722 706 681 663 601 651
Employment-population ratio................. 27.5 27.7 24.4 29.3 28.5 27.5 26.7 24.2 26.2
Unemployed.................................... 225 295 243 229 236 267 227 263 250
Unemployment rate........................... 24.9 30.0 28.5 24.1 25.1 28.2 25.5 30.4 27.7
Men....................................... 25.8 32.7 29.8 26.7 30.0 30.7 26.9 32.5 30.5
Women..................................... 24.1 27.2 27.1 21.7 20.3 26.0 24.3 28.1 24.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,555 23,222 23,288 22,555 23,021 23,090 23,157 23,222 23,288
Civilian labor force............................ 15,525 15,798 15,815 15,513 15,608 15,570 15,788 15,772 15,813
Participation rate.......................... 68.8 68.0 67.9 68.8 67.8 67.4 68.2 67.9 67.9
Employed...................................... 14,666 14,778 14,817 14,647 14,634 14,538 14,843 14,778 14,802
Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 63.6 63.6 64.9 63.6 63.0 64.1 63.6 63.6
Unemployed.................................... 859 1,020 998 866 975 1,032 945 994 1,010
Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 6.5 6.3 5.6 6.2 6.6 6.0 6.3 6.4
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Educational attainment
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,346 27,468 27,478 28,346 28,350 28,504 27,679 27,468 27,478
Civilian labor force.................... 12,578 12,034 12,126 12,301 12,319 12,170 12,188 11,799 11,859
Percent of population............... 44.4 43.8 44.1 43.4 43.5 42.7 44.0 43.0 43.2
Employed.............................. 11,872 11,239 11,271 11,542 11,523 11,338 11,380 10,943 10,932
Employment-population ratio......... 41.9 40.9 41.0 40.7 40.6 39.8 41.1 39.8 39.8
Unemployed............................ 706 795 855 759 797 831 808 856 927
Unemployment rate................... 5.6 6.6 7.1 6.2 6.5 6.8 6.6 7.3 7.8
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,244 57,513 57,400 57,244 57,456 57,099 56,947 57,513 57,400
Civilian labor force.................... 36,712 36,674 36,712 36,815 36,952 36,821 36,970 37,096 36,873
Percent of population............... 64.1 63.8 64.0 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.9 64.5 64.2
Employed.............................. 35,534 35,105 35,232 35,574 35,507 35,391 35,468 35,460 35,303
Employment-population ratio......... 62.1 61.0 61.4 62.1 61.8 62.0 62.3 61.7 61.5
Unemployed............................ 1,178 1,569 1,479 1,241 1,446 1,431 1,502 1,636 1,571
Unemployment rate................... 3.2 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.3
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,191 45,339 45,424 44,191 44,576 44,812 45,444 45,339 45,424
Civilian labor force.................... 32,683 33,440 33,585 32,952 33,192 33,314 33,296 33,481 33,880
Percent of population............... 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.6 74.5 74.3 73.3 73.8 74.6
Employed.............................. 31,866 32,310 32,467 32,093 32,188 32,263 32,301 32,407 32,696
Employment-population ratio......... 72.1 71.3 71.5 72.6 72.2 72.0 71.1 71.5 72.0
Unemployed............................ 817 1,130 1,117 859 1,004 1,051 994 1,075 1,184
Unemployment rate................... 2.5 3.4 3.3 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,863 46,734 46,870 45,863 46,271 46,348 46,784 46,734 46,870
Civilian labor force.................... 36,227 36,528 36,998 36,071 36,687 36,592 36,634 36,649 36,896
Percent of population............... 79.0 78.2 78.9 78.6 79.3 78.9 78.3 78.4 78.7
Employed.............................. 35,531 35,547 36,072 35,397 35,915 35,796 35,859 35,870 36,000
Employment-population ratio......... 77.5 76.1 77.0 77.2 77.6 77.2 76.6 76.8 76.8
Unemployed............................ 696 980 926 674 771 796 775 779 896
Unemployment rate................... 1.9 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,033 134,905 134,868 135,310 135,103 134,932 135,379 134,393 135,181
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,627 43,215 43,436 43,321 43,733 43,428 43,294 43,172 43,091
Married women, spouse present................... 33,503 33,129 33,597 33,491 33,686 33,380 33,603 33,805 33,664
Women who maintain families..................... 8,633 8,389 8,381 8,516 8,319 8,529 8,567 8,323 8,240
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,106 41,465 41,899 40,938 41,996 41,987 41,917 41,750 41,775
Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,810 38,625 38,645 39,093 38,743 38,998 39,067 38,664 39,114
Service occupations............................. 18,019 18,287 18,210 18,190 18,224 18,576 18,642 18,052 18,357
Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,005 15,200 14,866 15,083 14,962 14,794 14,997 15,050 14,941
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,482 17,780 17,730 18,472 17,904 17,564 17,571 17,655 17,679
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,612 3,548 3,517 3,390 3,251 3,136 3,166 3,154 3,306
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....................... 2,141 2,032 2,003 2,018 1,958 1,775 1,786 1,850 1,884
Self-employed workers......................... 1,328 1,349 1,342 1,274 1,201 1,166 1,256 1,239 1,290
Unpaid family workers......................... 42 38 26 38 38 36 22 29 23
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,545 122,866 122,744 123,117 123,416 123,009 123,432 122,686 123,278
Government.................................. 18,827 18,566 19,222 19,003 19,067 18,812 18,919 19,219 19,397
Private industries.......................... 103,718 104,301 103,522 104,114 104,349 104,197 104,513 103,467 103,881
Private households........................ 784 792 768 824 789 744 790 827 809
Other industries.......................... 102,934 103,509 102,754 103,290 103,559 103,453 103,723 102,640 103,072
Self-employed workers......................... 8,878 8,515 8,657 8,786 8,530 8,741 8,574 8,481 8,563
Unpaid family workers......................... 99 106 95 108 103 94 88 113 102
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,854 3,289 3,765 3,188 3,371 3,637 3,466 3,326 4,188
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,837 1,946 2,561 2,051 2,215 2,299 2,120 2,086 2,861
Could only find part-time work.............. 784 913 1,005 831 900 1,025 999 935 1,081
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,751 16,434 18,994 18,595 18,581 18,472 18,845 19,153 18,825
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................ 2,724 3,177 3,648 3,030 3,197 3,532 3,336 3,196 4,045
Slack work or business conditions........... 1,747 1,874 2,480 1,940 2,089 2,234 2,059 2,004 2,759
Could only find part-time work.............. 769 888 988 817 876 1,024 985 911 1,070
Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,147 15,886 18,406 18,024 18,061 18,039 18,309 18,580 18,278
NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Category
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,537 6,957 7,009 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9
Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,325 3,112 3,069 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.3
Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,142 2,610 2,754 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,070 1,236 1,187 12.9 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7
Married men, spouse present.................... 916 1,220 1,197 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7
Married women, spouse present.................. 937 1,034 1,165 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.3
Women who maintain families.................... 484 600 623 5.4 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.7 7.0
Full-time workers.............................. 4,423 5,583 5,908 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.8 5.0
Part-time workers.............................. 1,097 1,370 1,107 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.6 4.5
OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty.......... 734 1,071 1,032 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.4
Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,390 1,732 1,762 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3
Precision production, craft, and repair........ 542 753 758 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.8 4.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,216 1,478 1,430 6.2 7.3 7.9 7.2 7.7 7.5
Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 214 299 252 5.9 7.1 6.2 7.5 8.7 7.1
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,339 5,617 5,707 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.2
Goods-producing industries................... 1,255 1,744 1,725 4.4 5.3 5.5 5.6 6.2 6.2
Mining..................................... 25 25 27 5.0 5.5 6.8 3.7 4.3 4.8
Construction............................... 516 626 642 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.5 7.6
Manufacturing.............................. 714 1,092 1,056 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.7 5.6
Durable goods............................ 381 689 659 3.2 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.8 5.6
Nondurable goods......................... 333 403 397 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.7 5.5 5.4
Service-producing industries................. 3,084 3,873 3,982 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.9
Transportation and public utilities........ 265 286 311 3.2 3.8 4.4 3.3 3.5 3.9
Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,316 1,537 1,643 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 163 222 228 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.8
Services................................... 1,340 1,828 1,800 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.9 4.8
Government workers............................. 399 410 423 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 172 210 143 7.9 8.2 9.6 10.9 10.2 7.1
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,547 2,926 2,792 2,498 2,679 2,809 2,612 3,004 2,764
5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,583 2,333 2,127 1,750 2,028 2,084 2,150 2,100 2,361
15 weeks and over................................ 1,194 1,697 1,790 1,247 1,484 1,540 1,587 1,817 1,884
15 to 26 weeks................................ 571 843 1,002 618 852 804 935 982 1,089
27 weeks and over............................. 623 854 787 629 632 737 652 835 795
Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.1 13.2 13.1 12.1 12.2 13.0 12.5 13.3 13.1
Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.2 6.9 7.2 5.3 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.5 7.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.............................. 47.8 42.1 41.6 45.5 43.3 43.7 41.1 43.4 39.4
5 to 14 weeks.................................. 29.7 33.5 31.7 31.8 32.8 32.4 33.9 30.3 33.7
15 weeks and over.............................. 22.4 24.4 26.7 22.7 24.0 23.9 25.0 26.3 26.9
15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.7 12.1 14.9 11.2 13.8 12.5 14.7 14.2 15.5
27 weeks and over............................ 11.7 12.3 11.7 11.4 10.2 11.4 10.3 12.1 11.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 2,258 3,334 3,243 2,502 3,159 3,291 3,252 3,409 3,600
On temporary layoff............................. 595 1,000 786 837 1,084 940 1,003 1,079 1,118
Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,662 2,334 2,457 1,665 2,075 2,351 2,249 2,330 2,482
Permanent job losers.......................... 1,104 1,704 1,795 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 558 630 663 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers....................................... 853 977 893 756 820 810 774 894 800
Reentrants........................................ 1,832 2,129 2,137 1,798 1,801 1,906 1,912 2,166 2,108
New entrants...................................... 382 516 434 429 482 477 436 495 476
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 42.4 47.9 48.4 45.6 50.4 50.8 51.0 49.0 51.5
On temporary layoff............................ 11.2 14.4 11.7 15.3 17.3 14.5 15.7 15.5 16.0
Not on temporary layoff........................ 31.2 33.5 36.6 30.4 33.1 36.3 35.3 33.5 35.5
Job leavers...................................... 16.0 14.0 13.3 13.8 13.1 12.5 12.1 12.8 11.5
Reentrants....................................... 34.4 30.6 31.9 32.8 28.8 29.4 30.0 31.1 30.2
New entrants..................................... 7.2 7.4 6.5 7.8 7.7 7.4 6.8 7.1 6.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs........................................... 1.6 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5
Job leavers...................................... .6 .7 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants....................................... 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5
New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3
1 Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted
adjusted
Measure
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................ .9 1.2 1.3 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.6 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.8 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.0 5.1 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................ 4.6 5.8 5.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers............................. 6.6 8.1 8.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1)
(in thousands)
Age and sex
Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,537 6,957 7,009 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9
16 to 24 years.................................. 2,023 2,544 2,448 8.9 9.9 10.4 10.1 11.5 10.7
16 to 19 years................................ 1,070 1,236 1,187 12.9 13.6 14.3 14.8 16.1 14.7
16 to 17 years.............................. 515 559 498 15.7 15.5 16.0 19.3 19.1 16.2
18 to 19 years.............................. 559 701 694 11.1 12.2 13.1 11.8 14.7 13.9
20 to 24 years................................ 953 1,308 1,262 6.6 7.9 8.2 7.5 9.0 8.5
25 years and over............................... 3,520 4,423 4,558 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.8
25 to 54 years................................ 3,012 3,884 3,933 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9
55 years and over............................. 488 573 628 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.3
Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,907 3,828 3,724 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 5.1 4.9
16 to 24 years................................ 1,125 1,435 1,353 9.5 11.0 11.8 10.4 12.4 11.3
16 to 19 years.............................. 582 716 656 13.7 15.3 15.9 15.1 17.9 15.8
16 to 17 years............................ 292 335 288 17.5 17.4 18.0 19.0 22.7 18.3
18 to 19 years............................ 288 391 370 11.2 13.9 14.5 13.0 15.4 14.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 543 720 697 7.1 8.7 9.5 7.9 9.5 8.9
25 years and over............................. 1,790 2,384 2,373 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,522 2,086 2,047 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8
55 years and over........................... 259 345 343 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3
Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,630 3,130 3,284 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.0
16 to 24 years................................ 898 1,108 1,096 8.2 8.8 8.9 9.7 10.4 10.1
16 to 19 years.............................. 488 520 531 12.0 11.8 12.7 14.4 14.2 13.6
16 to 17 years............................ 223 224 209 13.8 13.6 14.0 19.6 15.5 13.9
18 to 19 years............................ 271 310 324 11.0 10.4 11.6 10.6 13.9 13.5
20 to 24 years.............................. 410 588 565 6.0 7.1 6.7 7.1 8.4 8.2
25 years and over............................. 1,730 2,039 2,185 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.9
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,490 1,798 1,886 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0
55 years and over........................... 229 229 285 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept.
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,804 70,781 25,980 26,421 43,824 44,361
Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,184 4,348 1,863 1,949 2,321 2,400
Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,158 1,325 594 659 564 666
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 250 280 168 164 81 116
Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 908 1,045 425 495 483 550
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,471 7,246 3,930 3,825 3,541 3,421
Percent of total employed..................................... 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,072 3,897 2,338 2,244 1,734 1,653
Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,566 1,576 527 516 1,039 1,060
Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 336 265 239 165 96 100
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,447 1,484 805 888 642 596
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total......................... 132,411 132,300 132,181 132,511 132,046 132,530 132,431 132,449 132,365 132,166
Total private.................... 112,019 112,495 112,408 111,737 111,463 111,760 111,603 111,517 111,373 111,177
Goods-producing......................... 26,014 25,464 25,431 25,205 25,696 25,324 25,186 25,122 24,974 24,877
Mining................................ 556 575 578 576 547 564 565 567 569 569
Metal mining........................ 40.6 34.9 35.3 35.4 40 37 35 34 35 35
Coal mining......................... 76.1 78.8 79.6 80.0 76 76 78 79 80 80
Oil and gas extraction.............. 319.8 344.4 346.3 344.9 316 339 340 341 342 343
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 119.3 117.1 116.8 115.6 115 112 112 113 112 111
Construction.......................... 6,973 7,213 7,200 7,101 6,728 6,881 6,864 6,867 6,863 6,859
General building contractors........ 1,572.0 1,621.0 1,621.9 1,597.6 1,538 1,556 1,551 1,554 1,556 1,564
Heavy construction, except building. 972.5 1,007.1 1,007.8 1,003.7 900 923 925 935 932 932
Special trade contractors........... 4,428.7 4,584.9 4,569.9 4,499.6 4,290 4,402 4,388 4,378 4,375 4,363
Manufacturing......................... 18,485 17,676 17,653 17,528 18,421 17,879 17,757 17,688 17,542 17,449
Production workers................ 12,631 11,870 11,877 11,790 12,559 12,066 11,956 11,900 11,789 11,702
Durable goods........................ 11,139 10,602 10,562 10,480 11,129 10,778 10,692 10,624 10,525 10,460
Production workers................ 7,583 7,069 7,048 6,990 7,568 7,235 7,157 7,102 7,024 6,966
Lumber and wood products............ 837.3 808.5 808.4 808.7 826 797 798 797 792 797
Furniture and fixtures.............. 560.6 523.9 522.8 517.7 560 540 532 531 521 516
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 586.5 580.2 577.5 575.2 579 574 572 569 568 567
Primary metal industries............ 694.0 645.3 644.4 640.0 695 660 654 648 643 640
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 222.1 208.5 208.3 207.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Fabricated metal products........... 1,540.9 1,465.7 1,472.2 1,464.0 1,540 1,488 1,478 1,478 1,468 1,460
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,116.0 2,004.6 1,981.0 1,958.1 2,121 2,054 2,031 2,007 1,983 1,963
Computer and office equipment..... 364.6 355.4 351.7 345.1 364 366 357 353 350 344
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 1,735.0 1,588.8 1,567.3 1,547.4 1,736 1,656 1,624 1,589 1,565 1,547
Electronic components and
accessories.................... 697.0 636.1 620.2 609.0 698 670 650 634 618 610
Transportation equipment............ 1,816.9 1,733.9 1,744.0 1,730.9 1,822 1,757 1,749 1,752 1,747 1,736
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 992.4 916.8 927.8 916.6 994 939 931 936 928 918
Aircraft and parts................ 463.9 465.3 464.9 465.2 464 465 465 466 465 466
Instruments and related products.... 857.5 866.9 861.9 854.2 858 865 865 865 859 854
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 394.4 384.1 382.3 383.3 392 387 389 388 379 380
Nondurable goods..................... 7,346 7,074 7,091 7,048 7,292 7,101 7,065 7,064 7,017 6,989
Production workers................ 5,048 4,801 4,829 4,800 4,991 4,831 4,799 4,798 4,765 4,736
Food and kindred products........... 1,716.3 1,704.1 1,731.9 1,726.1 1,674 1,684 1,685 1,680 1,675 1,676
Tobacco products.................... 33.1 31.1 33.5 33.3 33 33 33 33 35 33
Textile mill products............... 526.5 469.3 467.7 463.6 523 480 472 471 464 461
Apparel and other textile products.. 625.4 562.9 557.4 554.2 620 579 567 571 556 550
Paper and allied products........... 655.7 634.1 631.3 629.7 655 639 635 632 628 627
Printing and publishing............. 1,546.9 1,490.0 1,484.5 1,473.4 1,547 1,502 1,495 1,489 1,484 1,476
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,035.8 1,040.2 1,037.3 1,027.8 1,037 1,033 1,033 1,039 1,035 1,030
Petroleum and coal products......... 129.3 130.7 130.3 130.0 127 127 128 128 127 128
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,006.7 949.7 953.8 948.4 1,006 959 953 957 951 947
Leather and leather products........ 70.7 61.6 62.9 61.0 70 65 64 64 62 61
Service-producing....................... 106,397 106,836 106,750 107,306 106,350 107,206 107,245 107,327 107,391 107,289
Transportation and public utilities... 7,105 7,095 7,074 7,121 7,062 7,130 7,118 7,108 7,076 7,069
Transportation...................... 4,598 4,538 4,523 4,587 4,553 4,584 4,571 4,561 4,535 4,536
Railroad transportation........... 236.6 227.3 227.8 228.1 235 230 227 226 226 227
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................ 490.4 422.2 423.7 503.9 478 483 483 485 486 491
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,889.9 1,886.3 1,876.1 1,873.2 1,861 1,867 1,867 1,863 1,844 1,843
Water transportation.............. 205.4 214.2 210.1 207.1 199 203 201 203 199 201
Transportation by air............. 1,285.1 1,304.6 1,303.7 1,294.8 1,291 1,315 1,310 1,304 1,303 1,297
Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.6 14.2 14.3 14.1 14 14 14 14 14 14
Transportation services........... 477.2 469.6 466.9 465.3 475 472 469 466 463 463
Communications and public utilities. 2,507 2,557 2,551 2,534 2,509 2,546 2,547 2,547 2,541 2,533
Communications.................... 1,657.4 1,702.3 1,697.6 1,688.1 1,660 1,699 1,700 1,700 1,693 1,687
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services....................... 849.2 854.5 853.3 846.0 849 847 847 847 848 846
Wholesale trade....................... 7,050 7,052 7,034 6,995 7,042 7,038 7,022 7,017 7,011 6,990
Durable goods....................... 4,200 4,169 4,154 4,123 4,203 4,174 4,166 4,149 4,134 4,125
Nondurable goods.................... 2,850 2,883 2,880 2,872 2,839 2,864 2,856 2,868 2,877 2,865
Retail trade.......................... 23,403 23,715 23,724 23,556 23,371 23,546 23,561 23,606 23,574 23,530
Building materials and garden
supplies......................... 1,010.6 1,042.7 1,032.5 1,012.4 1,012 1,006 1,014 1,008 1,015 1,014
General merchandise stores.......... 2,786.9 2,740.3 2,747.0 2,758.8 2,834 2,821 2,818 2,810 2,799 2,805
Department stores................. 2,444.8 2,397.7 2,407.4 2,418.1 2,487 2,473 2,471 2,458 2,449 2,456
Food stores......................... 3,519.0 3,561.6 3,548.7 3,517.6 3,529 3,553 3,544 3,536 3,528 3,521
Automotive dealers and service
stations......................... 2,431.3 2,460.3 2,461.8 2,449.1 2,420 2,428 2,431 2,435 2,441 2,439
New and used car dealers.......... 1,124.3 1,135.8 1,138.6 1,139.9 1,120 1,126 1,128 1,131 1,133 1,136
Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,190.7 1,214.0 1,226.6 1,198.5 1,202 1,231 1,227 1,219 1,222 1,215
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................... 1,128.6 1,127.5 1,128.2 1,124.2 1,138 1,136 1,136 1,137 1,137 1,138
Eating and drinking places.......... 8,257.9 8,469.7 8,466.8 8,363.7 8,138 8,216 8,241 8,310 8,279 8,242
Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,077.7 3,099.1 3,112.1 3,131.4 3,098 3,155 3,150 3,151 3,153 3,156
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,554 7,710 7,698 7,634 7,556 7,644 7,631 7,618 7,621 7,635
Finance............................. 3,711 3,781 3,778 3,755 3,718 3,770 3,767 3,755 3,756 3,759
Depository institutions........... 2,018.7 2,053.5 2,050.3 2,033.0 2,024 2,037 2,041 2,039 2,037 2,038
Commercial banks................ 1,420.3 1,436.2 1,432.9 1,420.1 1,424 1,426 1,428 1,426 1,423 1,423
Savings institutions............ 252.4 256.9 256.8 255.2 253 255 256 255 255 256
Nondepository institutions........ 675.0 705.5 710.3 707.8 677 697 699 703 708 708
Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 302.6 322.1 324.4 321.7 304 313 317 321 324 323
Security and commodity brokers.... 763.9 763.4 760.3 757.9 762 776 766 755 753 756
Holding and other investment
offices........................ 253.4 258.7 257.5 255.8 255 260 261 258 258 257
Insurance........................... 2,330 2,368 2,363 2,355 2,335 2,358 2,356 2,357 2,357 2,361
Insurance carriers................ 1,575.6 1,606.4 1,602.8 1,595.8 1,580 1,598 1,598 1,599 1,598 1,600
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................ 753.9 761.4 760.2 759.3 755 760 758 758 759 761
Real estate......................... 1,513 1,561 1,557 1,524 1,503 1,516 1,508 1,506 1,508 1,515
Services2............................. 40,893 41,459 41,447 41,226 40,736 41,078 41,085 41,046 41,117 41,076
Agricultural services............... 844.8 918.8 906.5 880.0 804 834 833 834 837 840
Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,977.7 2,089.3 2,076.6 1,970.8 1,924 1,935 1,920 1,922 1,911 1,913
Personal services................... 1,221.3 1,231.7 1,238.4 1,245.4 1,257 1,277 1,279 1,281 1,285 1,282
Business services................... 10092.7 9,629.5 9,695.6 9,676.4 9,965 9,702 9,666 9,592 9,584 9,545
Services to buildings............. 1,000.3 1,005.3 1,003.9 996.1 995 1,013 1,008 998 997 992
Personnel supply services......... 4,061.7 3,525.8 3,605.6 3,611.0 3,947 3,590 3,556 3,517 3,518 3,500
Help supply services............ 3,641.7 3,140.9 3,208.4 3,215.8 3,547 3,198 3,161 3,127 3,109 3,100
Computer and data processing
services....................... 2,115.8 2,204.5 2,196.0 2,187.9 2,124 2,200 2,205 2,202 2,193 2,197
Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,260.3 1,319.0 1,314.7 1,306.7 1,260 1,309 1,303 1,312 1,308 1,307
Miscellaneous repair services....... 365.4 363.5 364.8 363.7 366 363 361 360 362 363
Motion pictures..................... 580.7 607.7 604.6 575.2 590 587 602 595 587 583
Amusement and recreation services... 1,821.1 2,098.1 2,059.5 1,827.8 1,738 1,787 1,768 1,772 1,771 1,745
Health services..................... 10121.3 10380.2 10404.5 10401.7 10,131 10,296 10,329 10,354 10,385 10,414
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................ 1,929.5 1,986.9 1,995.2 1,985.8 1,933 1,973 1,981 1,983 1,990 1,989
Nursing and personal care
facilities..................... 1,798.5 1,826.9 1,831.5 1,830.4 1,797 1,814 1,821 1,823 1,825 1,831
Hospitals......................... 3,997.8 4,111.7 4,118.3 4,124.0 4,001 4,071 4,086 4,098 4,114 4,129
Home health care services......... 644.6 647.6 652.0 654.6 645 645 648 647 653 655
Legal services...................... 1,007.6 1,043.2 1,034.6 1,024.6 1,013 1,027 1,027 1,026 1,028 1,032
Educational services................ 2,299.8 2,133.8 2,118.0 2,388.9 2,344 2,431 2,426 2,432 2,450 2,434
Social services..................... 2,924.8 3,019.6 3,030.4 3,065.9 2,928 3,039 3,056 3,048 3,075 3,082
Child day care services........... 724.6 690.8 701.2 747.0 719 745 756 760 763 747
Residential care.................. 809.1 853.8 856.4 850.1 813 842 845 847 850 853
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens........................... 107.6 121.3 119.4 111.9 107 110 111 111 111 111
Membership organizations............ 2,458.6 2,562.3 2,540.2 2,482.8 2,482 2,496 2,501 2,493 2,503 2,506
Engineering and management services. 3,438.4 3,566.7 3,564.5 3,529.2 3,455 3,512 3,529 3,540 3,545 3,544
Engineering and architectural
services....................... 1,032.2 1,082.5 1,084.0 1,072.1 1,030 1,057 1,059 1,064 1,067 1,070
Management and public relations... 1,104.4 1,128.7 1,129.4 1,124.1 1,102 1,121 1,124 1,119 1,124 1,127
Services, nec....................... 49.7 52.7 52.9 53.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Government............................ 20,392 19,805 19,773 20,774 20,583 20,770 20,828 20,932 20,992 20,989
Federal............................. 2,619 2,644 2,627 2,612 2,623 2,612 2,621 2,626 2,617 2,618
Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,762.7 1,795.7 1,781.3 1,768.7 1,762 1,754 1,772 1,772 1,770 1,770
State............................... 4,790 4,645 4,652 4,900 4,813 4,854 4,881 4,909 4,906 4,934
Education......................... 2,017.2 1,809.6 1,821.2 2,088.6 2,051 2,066 2,089 2,117 2,115 2,134
Other State government............ 2,772.9 2,835.4 2,831.0 2,811.3 2,762 2,788 2,792 2,792 2,791 2,800
Local............................... 12,983 12,516 12,494 13,262 13,147 13,304 13,326 13,397 13,469 13,437
Education......................... 7,281.1 6,377.8 6,447.5 7,457.2 7,439 7,512 7,515 7,575 7,650 7,629
Other local government............ 5,701.7 6,137.7 6,046.7 5,804.8 5,708 5,792 5,811 5,822 5,819 5,808
1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.0 34.1
Goods-producing......................... 41.3 40.4 40.7 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.1
Mining................................ 43.8 43.7 43.7 44.2 43.0 43.9 43.3 43.3 43.5 43.8
Construction.......................... 40.1 40.4 40.2 39.7 38.9 39.7 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.0
Manufacturing......................... 41.8 40.3 40.8 40.9 41.4 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.7 40.5
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9
Durable goods........................ 42.3 40.5 41.1 41.1 41.8 41.0 40.9 41.2 41.0 40.7
Overtime hours.................... 4.9 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8
Lumber and wood products............ 41.1 40.8 41.0 41.4 40.8 40.6 40.4 41.1 40.7 41.2
Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.5 39.3 39.7 39.1 39.7 38.6 38.4 39.7 39.4 38.4
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.8 44.3 44.3 44.9 42.9 43.9 44.0 44.0 43.6 44.0
Primary metal industries............ 44.9 43.4 43.7 44.6 44.7 43.5 43.9 44.1 43.8 44.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 45.8 44.9 44.9 46.8 45.8 44.6 45.1 44.7 44.9 46.3
Fabricated metal products........... 42.8 40.8 41.5 41.4 42.2 41.4 41.2 41.6 41.5 41.0
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.0 40.3 40.0 40.2 41.9 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.1 40.1
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 41.2 38.3 39.1 39.5 40.7 39.1 39.3 38.9 39.0 39.2
Transportation equipment............ 43.8 40.7 42.6 41.4 42.9 42.4 41.9 42.2 42.7 40.8
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.0 41.0 44.2 42.4 43.8 43.6 43.0 43.0 44.5 41.6
Instruments and related products.... 41.0 40.4 40.2 41.0 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.8 40.2 41.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.1 37.8 38.3 37.9 38.5 37.9 38.4 38.4 38.2 37.6
Nondurable goods..................... 41.1 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.3 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.1
Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1
Food and kindred products........... 42.5 40.9 41.6 42.0 41.6 41.1 41.2 40.9 41.1 40.9
Tobacco products.................... 41.9 40.3 40.5 40.3 41.0 39.1 40.4 40.5 40.3 39.4
Textile mill products............... 41.2 39.1 40.2 40.3 40.8 40.3 40.4 39.7 39.9 39.9
Apparel and other textile products.. 37.7 37.2 37.1 36.5 37.6 37.8 37.5 37.7 36.9 36.5
Paper and allied products........... 42.7 41.7 41.3 42.2 42.4 41.6 41.7 41.9 41.3 41.7
Printing and publishing............. 38.6 38.0 38.2 38.4 38.2 38.0 38.0 38.2 38.0 38.0
Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 42.3 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.7 42.2 42.1
Petroleum and coal products......... 42.2 43.3 42.9 42.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.7 40.0 40.4 41.0 41.3 40.6 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.7
Leather and leather products........ 37.9 35.2 36.7 36.3 37.3 35.9 36.2 35.7 36.4 35.9
Service-producing....................... 32.7 33.2 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.6
Transportation and public utilities... 38.7 38.5 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.1 38.1 37.8 37.9 37.8
Wholesale trade....................... 38.4 38.5 38.2 38.7 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.5
Retail trade.......................... 28.8 29.5 29.3 28.7 28.8 28.8 28.7 28.6 28.6 28.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.7 36.1 36.7 36.4 36.2 36.5 36.2 36.2 36.2
Services.............................. 32.5 33.1 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.5 32.6
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... $13.89 $14.27 $14.28 $14.50 $479.21 $493.74 $491.23 $497.35
Seasonally adjusted............. 13.84 14.34 14.41 14.44 476.10 490.43 489.94 492.40
Goods-producing......................... 15.61 16.01 16.06 16.14 644.69 646.80 653.64 655.28
Mining................................ 17.16 17.67 17.51 17.65 751.61 772.18 765.19 780.13
Construction.......................... 18.17 18.32 18.44 18.53 728.62 740.13 741.29 735.64
Manufacturing......................... 14.51 14.84 14.89 15.00 606.52 598.05 607.51 613.50
Durable goods........................ 14.96 15.25 15.38 15.46 632.81 617.63 632.12 635.41
Lumber and wood products............ 12.07 12.32 12.38 12.45 496.08 502.66 507.58 515.43
Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.88 12.24 12.32 12.28 481.14 481.03 489.10 480.15
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.77 15.12 15.18 15.19 646.93 669.82 672.47 682.03
Primary metal industries............ 16.54 17.11 17.07 17.27 742.65 742.57 745.96 770.24
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 19.83 20.48 20.64 20.81 908.21 919.55 926.74 973.91
Fabricated metal products........... 13.99 14.27 14.35 14.42 598.77 582.22 595.53 596.99
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.69 15.90 15.95 16.05 658.98 640.77 638.00 645.21
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 13.91 14.59 14.71 14.86 573.09 558.80 575.16 586.97
Transportation equipment............ 18.77 18.80 19.09 19.19 822.13 765.16 813.23 794.47
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.12 19.04 19.39 19.49 860.40 780.64 857.04 826.38
Instruments and related products.... 14.58 14.98 15.01 15.07 597.78 605.19 603.40 617.87
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.66 12.12 12.25 12.36 455.91 458.14 469.18 468.44
Nondurable goods..................... 13.80 14.23 14.17 14.32 567.18 569.20 571.05 581.39
Food and kindred products........... 12.59 12.93 12.87 12.98 535.08 528.84 535.39 545.16
Tobacco products.................... 22.13 23.63 21.94 21.41 927.25 952.29 888.57 862.82
Textile mill products............... 11.30 11.37 11.37 11.41 465.56 444.57 457.07 459.82
Apparel and other textile products.. 9.36 9.40 9.44 9.51 352.87 349.68 350.22 347.12
Paper and allied products........... 16.37 16.99 16.86 17.05 699.00 708.48 696.32 719.51
Printing and publishing............. 14.56 14.83 14.88 15.00 562.02 563.54 568.42 576.00
Chemicals and allied products....... 18.32 18.69 18.53 18.94 776.77 790.59 780.11 801.16
Petroleum and coal products......... 22.06 22.02 22.20 22.20 930.93 953.47 952.38 950.16
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.96 13.38 13.43 13.54 540.43 535.20 542.57 555.14
Leather and leather products........ 10.31 10.25 10.35 10.24 390.75 360.80 379.85 371.71
Service-producing....................... 13.34 13.76 13.74 14.01 436.22 456.83 452.05 459.53
Transportation and public utilities... 16.31 16.89 16.95 16.97 631.20 650.27 647.49 649.95
Wholesale trade....................... 15.33 15.88 15.76 16.02 588.67 611.38 602.03 619.97
Retail trade.......................... 9.58 9.77 9.78 9.92 275.90 288.22 286.55 284.70
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.11 15.85 15.84 16.07 545.47 581.70 571.82 589.77
Services.............................. 14.00 14.46 14.45 14.76 455.00 478.63 473.96 482.65
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. change
Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from:
Aug. 2001-
Sept. 2001
Total private:
Current dollars.............. $13.84 $14.24 $14.31 $14.34 $14.41 $14.44 0.2
Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.88 7.93 7.95 8.00 8.04 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............... 15.47 15.86 15.90 15.93 16.02 16.03 .1
Mining...................... 17.24 17.54 17.73 17.74 17.67 17.59 -.5
Construction................ 17.97 18.22 18.28 18.26 18.36 18.37 .1
Manufacturing............... 14.44 14.78 14.81 14.86 14.93 14.95 .1
Excluding overtime4....... 13.73 14.09 14.13 14.18 14.24 14.28 .3
Service-producing............. 13.34 13.76 13.84 13.87 13.93 13.97 .3
Transportation and public
utilities................ 16.31 16.76 16.91 16.88 16.93 16.92 -.1
Wholesale trade............. 15.33 15.70 15.86 15.84 15.82 15.97 .9
Retail trade................ 9.54 9.79 9.83 9.84 9.86 9.86 .0
Finance, insurance, and real
estate................... 15.19 15.74 15.86 15.91 15.99 16.05 .4
Services.................... 14.01 14.49 14.54 14.61 14.70 14.75 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .5 percent from July 2001 to August 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept.
2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p
Total private.................... 153.0 154.2 153.3 151.6 151.7 151.5 151.2 150.8 150.1 149.7
Goods-producing......................... 119.3 113.3 113.8 112.6 115.4 112.8 111.5 111.5 110.3 109.1
Mining................................ 53.6 56.5 56.8 56.6 51.6 55.4 55.0 55.1 55.5 55.2
Construction.......................... 197.7 206.7 204.7 199.3 183.6 192.5 190.1 190.3 188.9 187.2
Manufacturing......................... 106.5 96.6 97.7 97.3 104.7 99.1 98.1 98.0 96.7 95.5
Durable goods........................ 111.8 100.0 101.0 100.3 110.4 103.6 102.2 102.1 100.5 99.0
Lumber and wood products............ 148.4 140.7 141.5 142.4 145.0 138.2 137.6 139.5 137.3 139.4
Furniture and fixtures.............. 142.2 127.3 128.7 125.2 139.2 129.5 127.1 130.1 127.3 122.8
Stone, clay, and glass products..... 122.7 122.1 120.7 122.3 118.3 119.4 118.9 118.9 116.2 117.8
Primary metal industries............ 92.4 81.6 82.2 83.4 92.0 84.4 84.4 83.4 82.4 82.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products....................... 71.2 64.8 64.7 67.2 71.5 65.6 65.6 64.2 64.5 66.1
Fabricated metal products........... 123.3 110.1 112.7 111.7 121.5 114.0 112.5 113.7 112.5 110.1
Industrial machinery and equipment.. 101.8 90.1 88.3 87.6 101.8 94.0 92.0 91.5 88.7 87.6
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................ 109.8 90.6 90.9 90.1 108.6 97.4 95.9 92.4 90.5 89.4
Transportation equipment............ 121.3 105.3 111.4 107.7 119.2 112.8 110.0 111.2 112.4 106.3
Motor vehicles and equipment...... 163.1 134.1 147.3 139.8 159.2 147.7 143.2 145.1 149.3 137.7
Instruments and related products.... 74.8 73.0 72.3 73.0 75.4 74.2 73.6 73.8 72.2 73.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.6 91.7 92.3 92.3 97.5 93.8 95.0 94.3 91.0 90.2
Nondurable goods..................... 99.2 91.9 93.1 93.2 97.0 93.0 92.5 92.4 91.4 90.8
Food and kindred products........... 122.5 115.9 120.4 121.2 115.3 114.8 115.3 114.0 114.6 113.3
Tobacco products.................... 50.2 44.1 49.6 48.9 48.7 46.5 48.0 48.1 51.9 46.9
Textile mill products............... 75.5 64.0 65.6 65.1 74.4 67.1 66.3 65.3 64.7 64.0
Apparel and other textile products.. 54.1 47.2 46.6 45.7 53.5 49.5 48.0 48.6 46.0 45.3
Paper and allied products........... 103.9 97.8 96.7 98.6 102.7 98.4 97.8 97.8 95.8 96.8
Printing and publishing............. 121.5 114.2 114.5 114.4 120.3 115.4 114.6 114.7 113.8 113.2
Chemicals and allied products....... 99.0 97.9 97.0 96.4 99.4 98.1 97.4 99.1 97.3 96.3
Petroleum and coal products......... 71.3 74.4 73.9 74.7 69.8 70.1 71.6 71.8 72.3 72.8
Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 148.5 132.8 135.2 136.2 147.0 137.0 136.4 136.4 134.9 134.9
Leather and leather products........ 31.1 24.5 26.7 25.3 30.4 27.0 26.7 25.8 26.3 24.8
Service-producing....................... 168.1 172.6 171.1 169.2 168.0 168.9 169.0 168.4 167.9 168.0
Transportation and public utilities... 140.7 140.5 138.9 140.1 138.9 139.4 139.2 138.3 138.0 137.3
Wholesale trade....................... 132.3 132.7 131.3 131.9 132.1 131.0 131.2 130.6 130.6 131.2
Retail trade.......................... 146.0 151.3 150.2 145.6 145.7 146.5 146.0 145.7 145.5 145.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.9 143.7 140.9 141.9 139.2 140.2 140.9 139.6 139.5 140.0
Services.............................. 211.1 217.4 215.7 213.4 211.4 212.9 213.4 212.8 211.9 212.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2
1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4
1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8
2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2
2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 p43.5 p45.3
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5
1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2
1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6
2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3
2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 p40.7 p41.5
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7
1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9
1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9
2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2
2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 p43.5 p39.4
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7
1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8
1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9
2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7
2001.............. 49.6 p47.5 p44.8
Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8
1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4
1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7
2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1
2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 p28.3 p37.5
Over 3-month span:
1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3
1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8
1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0
2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7
2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 p21.3 p22.4
Over 6-month span:
1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8
1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2
1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5
2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9
2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 p20.6 p16.2
Over 12-month span:
1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7
1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2
1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5
2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0
2001.............. 19.1 p16.9 p15.1
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: December 07, 2001
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/empsit_sep2001.htm
CPS Publications - Historical Monthly Employment Reports: 2001 Page
CPS Main Page