Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 97-195
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 606-5902 Monday, June 16, 1997
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES: 1996
The number of families with at least one employed person rose by
709,000 in 1996, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. Such families comprised 81.4 percent of the nation’s 69.2
million families.
This finding is from a new annual series on the employment
characteristics of families and family members based on annual average data
from the Current Population Survey (CPS). (See Explanatory Note.)
Highlights of the data follow:
--In 1996, black families continued to be less likely to include
an employed member (75.3 percent) than were either white or Hispanic
families (about 82.0 percent). (See table 1.) It should be noted that
these data include families that may have members who are beyond working
age.
--About 5.3 million families--7.6 percent of all families--had at least
one person who was unemployed in 1996. This proportion was down from 7.9
percent in 1995. Seventy percent of all families that included an
unemployed person also contained at least one employed family member.
White families were considerably less likely to have an unemployed person
(6.7 percent) than were black (13.8 percent) or Hispanic (13.0 percent)
families. (See table 1.)
--In 28.1 million families, both the husband and wife worked. These
employed couples comprised a little over half of all married couples in
1996. In contrast, there were 10.1 million "traditional" couples in which
only the husband was employed. The number of dual-worker families was
460,000 higher in 1996 than in the prior year, while the number of
"traditional" families was about unchanged. (See table 2.)
--Newly 84.0 percent of married-couple families, and of families
maintained by men, included an employed person compared with 71.7 percent
of families maintained by women. This gap narrowed slightly in 1996, as
the proportion of families maintained by women that included a worker rose
by 1.4 percentage points, while the proportions were unchanged among
married-couple families and families maintained by men. (See table 2.)
--The number of married-couple families that included an unemployed
person fell by 209,000 to 3.4 million in 1996, while the number of families
with an unemployed member that were maintained by men or women was about
unchanged. About 8 out of 10 married-couple families with unemployment
also contained at least one employed family member. In contrast, roughly
half of families with unemployment that were maintained by men or women
also included an employed person. (See table 3.)
--Both parents were employed in 63.9 percent of married-couple
families with children under 18 years old in 1996. In just 28.2 percent of
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all two-parent families, the father, but not the mother, was employed. The
proportion in which the father, but not the mother, was employed was much
higher among families with pre-school children (under 6 years of age) than
it was in families whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old. (See
table 4.)
--About 9 out of 10 fathers and 7 out of 10 mothers were labor force
participants in 1996. At 70.8 percent, the labor force participation rate
of mothers was about a percentage point higher than it had been in 1995,
while the rate for fathers (94.4 percent) was about unchanged. Among the
mothers, the participation rate for those who were unmarried (single,
widowed, divorced, or separated) increased by a little more than 2.0
percentage points (to 71.8 percent), but the rate for married mothers (70.4
percent) remained about the same. (See table 5.)
--The unemployment rate of married mothers was 3.9 percent in 1996,
down from 4.4 percent in 1995. In contrast, the rate for unmarried mothers
(11.1 percent) was unchanged. The unemployment rate for mothers with pre-
school children (7.6 percent) continued to be higher than the rate for
mothers whose youngest child was of school age (4.7 percent). (See
table 5.)
--Overall, 54.3 percent of mothers of children under 1 year old were in
the labor force in 1996, about the same as the year before. This compares
with 63.3 percent of mothers with children 2 years of age. Unmarried
mothers with children under 1 year of age were considerably less likely to
be in the labor force (49.4 percent) than were married mothers with
children the same age (55.9 percent). (See table 6.)
Explanatory Note
The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by
the Bureau of the Census. The information relates to the labor force
status of persons 16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional
population during an "average" week of the year.
This is the first in a series of annual news releases on the
employment characteristics of families and family members. The purpose of
this series is to provide policymakers, analysts, and the public with annual
average data on labor market developments among families. Previously, such
data were based for the most part on data derived from the Supplement to
the March CPS. (These data are sometimes referred to as the Annual
Demographic File.) The annual average data provide a larger sample size
(and hence, a smaller sampling error) than do those from the March CPS
alone. It should be noted, however, that the data shown in this release
are not strictly comparable with family data derived from the March CPS due
to differences in the estimation procedures relating to families.
Definitions
The principal definitions used in this release are described briefly
below.
Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together
who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The count of families is
for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons
related to and residing with the householder. Families are classified
either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses.
Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is
the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned
or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is
defined in terms of relationship to the householder.
Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same
household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation,
or a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status includes persons who
are never-married; married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems,
as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other
was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other
reasons.
Children. Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, adopted, and step-children of the husband, wife, or person
maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,
other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household.
Employed. Employed persons are those who, during the survey week: (a)
did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business or
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profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as an
unpaid worker in a family-operated enterprise. Also included are those who
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, vacation, bad
weather, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those who had no employment during
the survey week, were available for work at that time, and made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who
were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off are
classified as unemployed whether or not they are looking for work.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as employed
or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population
that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the
population that is employed.
Unemployment rate. This represents the proportion of the labor force
that is unemployed.
Race. White, black, and "other" are terms used to describe the race of
persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan
Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small
sample size, data for "other" races are not published. In the survey
process, the respondent identifies the race.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identify themselves as
Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other
Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race;
thus, they are included in both the white and black population groups.
Reliability
In any sample survey, variations in the data can occur by chance
because a sample, rather than the whole of the population, is surveyed. The
standard error is a measure of such potential variation. The chances are
about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a figure
that would be obtained from a complete census by less than one standard
error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that such a difference would be
less than 1.6 standard errors. All statements of comparisons in this
release are significant at 1.6 or more standard errors.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families, race and Hispanic origin, 1995-96 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic 1995 1996 Change
TOTAL
Total families................................................ 68,552 69,203 651
With employed member(s).................................. 55,633 56,342 709
As percent of total families........................ 81.2 81.4 .2
Some usually work full time(1)........................ 51,473 52,249 776
With no employed member.................................. 12,919 12,860 -59
As percent of total families........................ 18.8 18.6 -.2
With unemployed member(s)................................ 5,404 5,270 -134
As percent of total families........................ 7.9 7.6 -.3
Some member(s) employed............................... 3,795 3,678 -117
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 70.2 69.8 -.4
Some usually work full time(1)...................... 3,334 3,265 -69
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 61.7 62.0 .3
White
Total families................................................ 57,650 58,315 665
With employed member(s).................................. 47,216 47,882 666
As percent of total families........................ 81.9 82.1 .2
Some usually work full time(1)........................ 43,804 44,522 718
With no employed member.................................. 10,433 10,434 1
As percent of total families........................ 18.1 17.9 -.2
With unemployed member(s)................................ 4,002 3,896 -106
As percent of total families........................ 6.9 6.7 -.2
Some member(s) employed............................... 2,934 2,875 -59
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 73.3 73.8 .5
Some usually work full time(1)...................... 2,579 2,557 -22
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 64.4 65.6 1.2
Black
Total families................................................ 8,015 8,149 134
With employed member(s).................................. 5,991 6,137 146
As percent of total families........................ 74.7 75.3 .6
Some usually work full time(1)........................ 5,419 5,563 144
With no employed member.................................. 2,024 2,012 -12
As percent of total families........................ 25.3 24.7 -.6
With unemployed member(s)................................ 1,080 1,121 41
As percent of total families........................ 13.5 13.8 .3
Some member(s) employed............................... 631 627 -4
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 58.4 55.9 -2.5
Some usually work full time(1)...................... 556 553 -3
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 51.5 49.3 -2.2
Hispanic origin
Total families................................................ 6,233 6,465 232
With employed member(s).................................. 5,086 5,312 226
As percent of total families........................ 81.6 82.2 .6
Some usually work full time(1)........................ 4,673 4,917 244
With no employed member.................................. 1,147 1,153 6
As percent of total families........................ 18.4 17.8 -.6
With unemployed member(s)................................ 841 841 0
As percent of total families........................ 13.5 13.0 -.5
Some member(s) employed............................... 568 563 -5
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 67.5 66.9 -.6
Some usually work full time(1)...................... 490 497 7
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).. 58.3 59.1 .8
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 1995-96 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Number Percent
distribution
Characteristic
1995 1996 Change 1995 1996
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES
Total............................ 52,929 53,214 285 100.0 100.0
Member(s) employed, total....................... 44,194 44,448 254 83.5 83.5
Husband only............................... 10,113 10,103 -10 19.1 19.0
Wife only................................. 2,956 2,846 -110 5.6 5.3
Husband and wife.......................... 27,617 28,077 460 52.2 52.8
Other employment combinations............. 3,509 3,422 -87 6.6 6.4
No member(s) employed........................... 8,734 8,766 32 16.5 16.5
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)
Total............................ 12,165 12,264 99 100.0 100.0
Member(s) employed, total....................... 8,546 8,788 242 70.3 71.7
Householder only........................ 4,757 4,964 207 39.1 40.5
Householder and other member(s)......... 2,401 2,385 -16 19.7 19.4
Other member(s), not householder ...... 1,388 1,438 50 11.4 11.7
No member(s) employed........................... 3,620 3,477 -143 29.8 28.4
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)
Total............................ 3,458 3,724 266 100.0 100.0
Member(s) employed, total....................... 2,893 3,106 213 83.7 83.4
Householder only........................ 1,459 1,614 155 42.2 43.3
Householder and other member(s)......... 1,035 1,076 41 29.9 28.9
Other member(s), not householder ...... 399 416 17 11.5 11.2
No member(s) employed........................... 566 618 52 16.4 16.6
1 No spouse present.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family
type, 1995-96 annual averages
Number Percent
distribution
1995 1996 Change 1995 1996
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES
With unemployed member(s), total................ 3,587 3,378 -209 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................ 670 601 -69 18.7 17.8
Some member(s) employed....................... 2,917 2,777 -140 81.3 82.2
Husband unemployed......................... 1,292 1,207 -85 36.0 35.7
Wife employed........................... 756 746 -10 21.1 22.1
Wife unemployed............................ 1,110 1,016 -94 30.9 30.1
Husband employed........................ 977 891 -86 27.2 26.4
Other family member unemployed............. 1,186 1,155 -31 33.1 34.2
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)
With unemployed member(s), total................ 1,437 1,485 48 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................ 772 809 37 53.7 54.5
Some member(s) employed....................... 666 676 10 46.3 45.5
Householder unemployed..................... 633 670 37 44.1 45.1
Other member(s) employed................ 103 102 -1 7.2 6.9
Other member(s) unemployed................. 531 569 38 37.0 38.3
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)
With unemployed member(s), total................ 380 407 27 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................ 168 182 14 44.2 44.7
Some member(s) employed....................... 212 224 12 55.8 55.0
Householder unemployed..................... 181 200 19 47.6 49.1
Other member(s) employed................ 57 67 10 15.0 16.5
Other member(s) unemployed................. 198 206 8 52.1 50.6
1 No spouse present.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and
family type, 1995-96 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Number Percent
distribution
Characteristic
1995 1996 Change 1995 1996
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Total......................................... 33,544 33,980 436 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed.............................. 29,659 30,296 637 88.4 89.2
No parent employed.............................. 3,886 3,683 -203 11.6 10.8
Married-couple families......................... 24,604 24,818 214 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................ 23,643 23,960 317 96.1 96.5
Mother employed............................. 16,629 16,950 321 67.6 68.3
Both parents employed..................... 15,491 15,851 360 63.0 63.9
Mother employed, not father............... 1,137 1,098 -39 4.6 4.4
Father employed, not mother................. 7,014 7,010 -4 28.5 28.2
Neither parent employed....................... 962 859 -103 3.9 3.5
Families maintained by women(1)................. 7,433 7,469 36 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................. 4,755 4,919 164 64.0 65.9
Mother not employed.......................... 2,678 2,550 -128 36.0 34.1
Families maintained by men(1)................... 1,507 1,692 185 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................. 1,261 1,417 156 83.7 83.7
Father not employed.......................... 245 275 30 16.3 16.3
WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,
NONE YOUNGER
Total......................................... 18,270 18,694 424 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed.............................. 16,391 16,892 501 89.7 90.4
No parent employed.............................. 1,878 1,802 -76 10.3 9.6
Married-couple families......................... 13,001 13,257 256 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................ 12,484 12,786 302 96.0 96.4
Mother employed............................. 9,562 9,896 334 73.6 74.7
Both parents employed..................... 8,846 9,210 364 68.0 69.5
Mother employed, not father............... 717 687 -30 5.5 5.2
Father employed, not mother................. 2,921 2,890 -31 22.5 21.8
Neither parent employed....................... 517 470 -47 4.0 3.6
Families maintained by women(1)................. 4,360 4,393 33 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................. 3,142 3,221 79 72.1 73.3
Mother not employed.......................... 1,219 1,172 -47 27.9 26.7
Families maintained by men(1)................... 908 1,044 136 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................. 766 885 119 84.3 84.7
Father not employed.......................... 143 160 17 15.7 15.3
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS
Total......................................... 15,275 15,286 11 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed.............................. 13,267 13,405 138 86.9 87.7
No parent employed.............................. 2,007 1,881 -126 13.1 12.3
Married-couple families......................... 11,604 11,562 -42 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................ 11,159 11,174 15 96.2 96.6
Mother employed............................. 7,066 7,053 -13 60.9 61.0
Both parents employed..................... 6,646 6,641 -5 57.3 57.4
Mother employed, not father............... 421 412 -9 3.6 3.6
Father employed, not mother................. 4,092 4,121 29 35.3 35.6
Neither parent employed....................... 445 388 -57 3.8 3.4
Families maintained by women(1)................. 3,073 3,076 3 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................. 1,613 1,699 86 52.5 55.2
Mother not employed.......................... 1,460 1,378 -82 47.5 44.8
Families maintained by men(1)................... 598 648 50 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................. 496 532 36 82.8 82.2
Father not employed.......................... 102 115 13 17.1 17.8
1 No spouse present.
NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
Table 5. Employment status of persons by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, annual
averages 1995-96
(Numbers in thousands)
1995 1996 Change 1995-96
Characteristic
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional population 62,037 26,882 35,155 62,733 27,319 35,414 696 437 259
Civilian labor force.............. 49,841 25,306 24,535 50,866 25,803 25,063 1,025 497 528
Participation rate............ 80.3 94.1 69.8 81.1 94.4 70.8 .8 .3 1.0
Employed........................ 47,390 24,372 23,018 48,521 24,933 23,588 1,131 561 570
Employment-population ratio. 76.4 90.7 65.5 77.3 91.3 66.6 .9 .6 1.1
Full-time workers(1).......... 40,100 23,535 16,566 41,164 24,085 17,080 1,064 550 514
Part-time workers(2).......... 7,290 838 6,452 7,356 848 6,508 66 10 56
Unemployed...................... 2,451 934 1,517 2,345 870 1,475 -106 -64 -42
Unemployment rate............. 4.9 3.7 6.2 4.6 3.4 5.9 -.3 -.3 -.3
Married, spouse present
Civilian noninstitutional population 50,685 25,097 25,589 51,128 25,349 25,779 443 252 190
Civilian labor force.............. 41,624 23,724 17,900 42,185 24,043 18,141 561 319 241
Participation rate............ 82.1 94.5 70.0 82.5 94.8 70.4 .4 .3 .4
Employed........................ 40,026 22,913 17,112 40,743 23,305 17,438 717 392 326
Employment-population ratio. 79.0 91.3 66.9 79.7 91.9 67.6 .7 .6 .7
Full-time workers(1).......... 33,988 22,163 11,825 34,732 22,559 12,173 744 396 348
Part-time workers(2).......... 6,037 750 5,287 6,011 747 5,265 -26 -3 -22
Unemployed...................... 1,598 810 788 1,441 738 703 -157 -72 -85
Unemployment rate............. 3.8 3.4 4.4 3.4 3.1 3.9 -.4 -.3 -.5
Other marital status(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population 11,352 1,785 9,566 11,605 1,970 9,636 253 185 70
Civilian labor force.............. 8,217 1,582 6,635 8,681 1,759 6,922 464 177 287
Participation rate............ 72.4 88.6 69.4 74.8 89.3 71.8 2.4 .7 2.4
Employed........................ 7,364 1,459 5,905 7,778 1,628 6,150 414 169 245
Employment-population ratio. 64.9 81.7 61.7 67.0 82.6 63.8 2.1 .9 2.1
Full-time workers(1).......... 6,112 1,372 4,740 6,432 1,526 4,906 320 154 166
Part-time workers(2).......... 1,253 87 1,165 1,345 102 1,244 92 15 79
Unemployed...................... 853 124 730 904 132 772 51 8 42
Unemployment rate............. 10.4 7.8 11.0 10.4 7.5 11.1 .0 -.3 .1
WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,
NONE YOUNGER
Civilian noninstitutional population 32,678 14,207 18,471 33,410 14,601 18,809 732 394 338
Civilian labor force.............. 27,350 13,207 14,143 28,221 13,645 14,576 871 438 433
Participation rate............ 83.7 93.0 76.6 84.5 93.4 77.5 .8 .4 .9
Employed........................ 26,182 12,756 13,426 27,123 13,229 13,894 941 473 468
Employment-population ratio. 80.1 89.8 72.7 81.2 90.6 73.9 1.1 .8 1.2
Full-time workers(1).......... 22,434 12,358 10,076 23,267 12,810 10,456 833 452 380
Part-time workers(2).......... 3,748 398 3,350 3,856 418 3,438 108 20 88
Unemployed...................... 1,168 451 716 1,097 416 681 -71 -35 -35
Unemployment rate............. 4.3 3.4 5.1 3.9 3.0 4.7 -.4 -.4 -.4
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional population 29,359 12,675 16,684 29,323 12,718 16,605 -36 43 -79
Civilian labor force.............. 22,492 12,099 10,392 22,645 12,158 10,487 153 59 95
Participation rate............ 76.6 95.5 62.3 77.2 95.6 63.2 .6 .1 .9
Employed........................ 21,208 11,617 9,591 21,398 11,704 9,694 190 87 103
Employment-population ratio. 72.2 91.6 57.5 73.0 92.0 58.4 .8 .4 .9
Full-time workers(1).......... 17,666 11,177 6,489 17,898 11,274 6,623 232 97 134
Part-time workers(2).......... 3,542 440 3,102 3,500 430 3,070 -42 -10 -32
Unemployed...................... 1,284 482 801 1,247 454 794 -37 -28 -7
Unemployment rate............. 5.7 4.0 7.7 5.5 3.7 7.6 -.2 -.3 -.1
WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional population 134,534 66,283 68,251 135,902 66,931 68,970 1,368 648 719
Civilian labor force.............. 80,950 44,426 36,524 81,618 44,736 36,882 668 310 358
Participation rate............ 60.2 67.0 53.5 60.1 66.8 53.5 -.1 -.2 .0
Employed........................ 75,984 41,405 34,578 76,717 41,748 34,969 733 343 391
Employment-population ratio. 56.5 62.5 50.7 56.5 62.4 50.7 .0 -.1 .0
Full-time workers(1).......... 60,053 34,839 25,214 60,920 35,200 25,719 867 361 505
Part-time workers(2).......... 15,930 6,566 9,364 15,797 6,548 9,250 -133 -18 -114
Unemployed...................... 4,967 3,021 1,946 4,901 2,988 1,913 -66 -33 -33
Unemployment rate............. 6.1 6.8 5.3 6.0 6.7 5.2 -.1 -.1 -.1
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated and widowed persons.
NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child,
marital status, race and Hispanic origin, 1995-96 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
non- Employed Unemployed
Characteristic institu- Percent
tional of
popu- Total popu- Percent Full-time Part-time Percent
lation lation Total of workers(- workers(- Number of labor
popu- 1) 2) force
lation
1995
TOTAL MOTHERS
With children under 3
years old.............. 9,628 5,666 58.9 5,193 53.9 3,451 1,742 473 8.4
2 years................ 2,887 1,855 64.3 1,712 59.3 1,148 564 143 7.7
1 year................. 3,364 1,953 58.0 1,793 53.3 1,182 611 160 8.2
Under 1 year........... 3,377 1,859 55.0 1,688 50.0 1,122 567 170 9.2
Married, spouse present
With children under 3
years old.............. 7,187 4,342 60.4 4,109 57.2 2,688 1,421 233 5.4
2 years................ 2,142 1,397 65.2 1,326 61.9 854 472 72 5.1
1 year................. 2,504 1,495 59.7 1,421 56.7 930 491 75 5.0
Under 1 year........... 2,540 1,449 57.0 1,363 53.6 904 458 86 6.0
Other marital status(3)
With children under 3
years old.............. 2,441 1,325 54.3 1,084 44.4 763 320 240 18.2
2 years................ 745 458 61.5 386 51.9 294 92 71 15.6
1 year................. 860 457 53.2 372 43.3 252 120 85 18.6
Under 1 year........... 836 410 49.0 326 38.9 217 108 84 20.5
1996
TOTAL MOTHERS
With children under 3
years old.............. 9,610 5,710 59.4 5,252 54.6 3,543 1,708 458 8.0
2 years................ 2,899 1,836 63.3 1,694 58.4 1,168 526 142 7.7
1 year................. 3,333 2,040 61.2 1,885 56.6 1,268 617 155 7.6
Under 1 year........... 3,378 1,834 54.3 1,673 49.5 1,107 565 161 8.8
Married, spouse present
With children under 3
years old.............. 7,203 4,343 60.3 4,142 57.5 2,762 1,380 201 4.6
2 years................ 2,150 1,362 63.4 1,303 60.6 876 426 60 4.4
1 year................. 2,500 1,555 62.2 1,489 59.6 994 496 66 4.2
Under 1 year........... 2,552 1,426 55.9 1,351 52.9 892 458 75 5.3
Other marital status(3)
With children under 3
years old.............. 2,407 1,367 56.8 1,109 46.1 781 328 257 18.8
2 years................ 749 474 63.2 391 52.2 292 99 82 17.3
1 year................. 833 485 58.3 396 47.6 275 121 89 18.4
Under 1 year........... 825 408 49.4 322 39.0 214 107 86 21.1
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated and widowed persons.
NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
Source: CPS Main
Contact: (cpsinfo@bls.gov) Division of Labor Force Statistics-BLS
Last revised: September 24, 1998
URL: http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/pub/famee_0697.htm
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