CPS Publications - Household and Family Income Page
For almost 50 years, analysts, researchers, and policy makers have used CPS data to examine annual changes in income and earnings and to compare these changes with historical trends. This year's report shows that the economic status of households in the U.S. is improving and that selected subgroups have experienced recent economic gains which have raised their incomes to 1989 pre-recessionary levels.
HIGHLIGHTS
(The figures in parentheses denote 90-percent confidence intervals.)
Official Money Income Estimates
o For the first time in 6 years, households in the United States experienced an annual increase in real median income. Between 1994 and 1995, median household income increased by 2.7 (+/-1.0) percent, from $33,178 (+/-$257) to $34,076 (+/- $324).
o The Midwest region was the only region to experience a significant change in real median household income between 1994 and 1995, increasing from $33,426 (+/- $546) to $35,839 (+/- $586). This is the first annual increase in median household income experienced by the Midwest since 1988.
o White and Black households experienced increases in real median income between 1994 and 1995--the income of White households increased by 2.2 (+/- 1.0) percent to $35,766 (+/- $306), for Black households the increase was 3.6 (+/-3.5) percent to $22,393 (+/- $628). In contrast, the median income of Hispanic-origin households declined by 5.1 (+/- 3.6) percent to $22,860 (+/- $819) between 1994 and 1995. The income of Asian and Pacific Islander households in 1995, $40,614 (+/- $1,676), was not significantly different from its 1994 level.
o Households located both inside and outside metropolitan areas experienced increases in real median income between 1994 and 1995. Households located inside metropolitan areas experienced an increase of 2.4 (+/-1.2) percent to $36,079 (+/- $326). Households outside metropolitan areas experienced an increase of 2.9 (+/- 2.8) percent to $27,776 (+/- $661).
o The annual real median earnings of women working year round, full time declined $337 or 1.5 (+/- 1.1) percent between 1994 and 1995--going from $22,834 (+/-$193) to $22,497 (+/-$225). The earnings for men working year round, full time, $31,496 (+/- $189), remained unchanged. The female-to-male earnings ratio in 1995 was .71, not statistically different from the all-time high ratio reached in 1990.
o Per capita income did not change in real terms between 1994 and 1995 for the total population or for race and Hispanic-origin groups.
o There was no change in overall income inequality between 1994 and 1995.
o Based on comparisons of 2-year moving averages, real median household income increased significantly for 11 states--Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. The remaining 39 States and the District of Columbia showed no significant change.
Valuation of Noncash Benefits
o The use of a fully adjusted income definition (one that includes the effect of taxes and noncash benefits) lowered income inequality by 11.3 (+/-1.0) percent. Government transfers have a much more significant effect than taxes on redistributing income.
o The change in household median income between 1994 and 1995 using the fully adjusted income definition was 2.6 (+/-0.8) percent, not significantly different from the change in official money income.
o The use of a definition of income that has been broadened to include the effect of taxes and noncash benefits results in higher Black-to-White and Hispanic-to-White household income ratios.
NOTE: Comparability of the 1995 income data with data from previous CPS years is affected by three changes in survey methodology: (1) completion of phasing in of the 1990 census-based sample design, (2) reduction of the CPS sample by about 7,000 households, and (3) a revised edit and allocation procedure for the race item.
Table A. Comparison of Summary Measures of Income by Selected Characteristics: 1994 and 1995
(Households and persons as of March of the following year)
1995 1994 Percent
change in
Median real income
Median income 1995 to
Number income Number (in 1995 1994
(thous.) (dols.) (thous.) dollars)
HOUSEHOLDS
All households............................ 99,627 34,076 98,990 33,178 2.7 *
Type of Household
Family households........................... 69,594 41,224 69,305 40,506 1.8 *
Married-couple families.................. 53,567 47,129 53,858 46,317 1.8 *
Female householder, no husband present... 12,514 21,348 12,220 20,435 4.5 *
Male householder, no wife present........ 3,513 33,534 3,226 31,336 7.0 *
Nonfamily households........................ 30,033 19,929 29,686 19,484 2.3 *
Female householder....................... 16,685 15,892 16,496 15,372 3.4 *
Male householder......................... 13,348 26,023 13,190 25,290 2.9 *
Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder
White....................................... 84,511 35,766 83,737 34,992 2.2 *
White, not Hispanic....................... 76,932 37,178 77,004 36,121 2.9 *
Black....................................... 11,577 22,393 11,655 21,623 3.6 *
Asian and Pacific Islander.................. 2,777 40,614 2,040 41,629 -2.4
Hispanic origin1/........................... 7,939 22,860 7,735 24,085 -5.1 *
Nativity of the householder
Native born................................. 89,713 34,784 89,675 33,746 3.1 *
Foreign born................................ 9,915 28,352 9,315 27,868 1.7
Not a U.S. citizen........................ 5,890 24,280 5,621 24,264 0.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years.............................. 5,282 20,979 5,444 19,888 5.5 *
25 to 34 years.............................. 19,225 34,701 19,453 34,090 1.8
35 to 44 years.............................. 23,226 43,465 22,914 42,848 1.4
45 to 54 years.............................. 18,008 48,058 17,590 48,600 -1.1
55 to 64 years.............................. 12,401 38,077 12,224 36,230 5.1 *
65 years and over........................... 21,486 19,096 21,365 18,608 2.6 *
Region
Northeast................................... 19,695 36,111 19,593 35,916 0.5
Midwest..................................... 23,707 35,839 23,683 33,426 7.2 *
South....................................... 35,143 30,942 34,766 30,872 0.2
West........................................ 21,082 35,979 20,948 35,428 1.6
Residence
Inside metropolitan areas................... 79,875 36,079 78,594 35,222 2.4 *
Inside central cities................... 30,985 28,941 30,278 28,483 1.6
Outside central cities.................. 48,890 40,939 48,316 39,756 3.0 *
Outside metropolitan areas.................. 19,753 27,776 20,396 26,993 2.9 *
EARNINGS OF YEAR-ROUND, FULL-TIME WORKERS
Male........................................ 52,667 31,496 51,580 31,728 -0.7
Female...................................... 35,482 22,497 34,155 22,834 -1.5 *
PER CAPITA INCOME
All races................................. 264,314 17,227 262,105 17,024 1.2
White....................................... 218,442 18,304 216,751 18,110 1.1
Black....................................... 33,889 10,982 33,531 10,952 0.3
Asian and Pacific Islander.................. 9,653 16,567 6,656 17,381 -4.7
Hispanic origin1/........................... 28,438 9,300 27,521 9,702 -4.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Statistically significant change at the 90-percent confidence level.
1/Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March 1996 Current Population Survey.
Table C. Median Income of Households by State: 1993, 1994, and 199
(In 1995 dollars)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three-year average Average median Average median Two-year moving averages
1995 1994 1993 1993-1995 1994-1995 1993-1994 1994-95 vs 1993-94
States -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Median Standard Median Standard Median Standard Median Standard Median Standard Median Standard Difference Percent
income error income error income error income error income error income error change
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 25,991 1,266 27,967 1,603 26,453 1,147 26,804 954 26,979 1,183 27,210 1,137 -231 -0.8
Alaska 47,954 2,008 46,653 1,536 45,278 1,721 46,628 1,219 47,303 1,462 45,965 1,339 1338 2.9
Arizona 30,863 1,360 32,180 795 32,178 1,181 31,740 767 31,521 900 32,179 819 -658 -2.0
Arkansas 25,814 999 26,290 971 24,299 891 25,467 668 26,052 809 25,294 765 758 3.0
California 37,009 723 36,332 637 35,936 686 36,426 474 36,671 559 36,134 543 537 1.5
Colorado 40,706 1,552 38,905 1,487 36,373 1,605 38,662 1,079 39,806 1,249 37,639 1,271 2166 * 5.8 *
Connecticut 40,243 2,269 42,262 1,640 41,676 1,751 41,394 1,313 41,252 1,616 41,969 1,393 -717 -1.7
Delaware 34,928 1,848 36,890 1,225 38,036 895 36,618 947 35,909 1,275 37,463 876 -1554 -4.1
District of Columbia 30,748 1,182 30,969 1,138 28,797 1,820 30,171 966 30,859 953 29,883 1,231 976 3.3
Florida 29,745 612 30,124 650 30,111 745 29,993 468 29,935 518 30,118 573 -183 -0.6
Georgia 34,099 897 32,359 1,273 33,394 1,342 33,284 831 33,229 898 32,876 1,074 352 1.1
Hawaii 42,851 1,292 43,453 2,492 44,994 1,855 43,766 1,367 43,152 1,591 44,223 1,795 -1072 -2.4
Idaho 32,676 1,116 32,430 1,314 32,705 1,384 32,604 894 32,553 1,000 32,568 1,108 -15 -0.0
Illinois 38,071 875 36,075 822 34,653 854 36,267 593 37,073 697 35,364 689 1709 * 4.8 *
Indiana 33,385 1,444 28,647 1,061 31,086 1,435 31,040 907 31,016 1,035 29,867 1,031 1149 3.8
Iowa 35,519 942 34,016 1,316 30,230 1,330 33,255 849 34,768 934 32,123 1,087 2644 * 8.2 *
Kansas 30,341 921 29,125 1,094 31,398 1,211 30,288 756 29,733 829 30,261 947 -528 -1.7
Kentucky 29,810 1,149 27,349 1,057 25,709 1,151 27,622 779 28,579 907 26,529 907 2051 * 7.7 *
Louisiana 27,949 1,090 26,404 1,544 27,751 1,228 27,368 918 27,176 1,090 27,077 1,142 99 0.4
Maine 33,858 1,088 31,175 1,581 28,938 1,207 31,324 924 32,517 1,105 30,057 1,150 2460 * 8.2 *
Maryland 41,041 1,627 40,309 1,440 42,123 1,352 41,157 1,030 40,675 1,261 41,216 1,147 -541 -1.3
Massachusetts 38,574 1,475 41,648 1,090 39,090 1,003 39,771 834 40,111 1,059 40,369 860 -258 -0.6
Michigan 36,426 994 36,284 704 34,448 719 35,719 562 36,355 703 35,366 585 989 2.8 *
Minnesota 37,933 1,848 34,597 1,399 35,523 1,342 36,018 1,069 36,265 1,340 35,060 1,126 1205 3.4
Mississippi 26,538 1,028 26,120 773 23,404 1,296 25,354 714 26,329 744 24,762 863 1567 * 6.3 *
Missouri 34,825 1,373 31,046 1,483 30,250 1,545 32,040 1,027 32,935 1,174 30,648 1,244 2287 * 7.5 *
Montana 27,757 1,105 28,414 1,281 27,917 1,017 28,029 803 28,086 982 28,166 947 -80 -0.3
Nebraska 32,929 1,155 32,695 1,148 32,703 879 32,776 750 32,812 946 32,699 836 113 0.3
Nevada 36,084 1,314 36,888 1,577 37,772 1,137 36,915 955 36,486 1,190 37,330 1,122 -844 -2.3
New Hampshire 39,171 1,556 36,244 1,889 40,040 1,709 38,485 1,212 37,707 1,418 38,142 1,479 -434 -1.1
New Jersey 43,924 1,400 43,478 1,094 42,714 1,043 43,372 824 43,701 1,028 43,096 878 605 1.4
New Mexico 25,991 1,100 27,667 1,421 28,221 900 27,293 818 26,829 1,040 27,944 965 -1115 -4.0
New York 33,028 716 32,803 491 33,430 586 33,087 414 32,916 500 33,116 443 -201 -0.6
North Carolina 31,979 888 30,967 689 30,396 689 31,114 527 31,473 650 30,682 566 792 2.6
North Dakota 29,089 1,217 29,079 1,147 29,655 838 29,275 756 29,084 971 29,367 820 -283 -1.0
Ohio 34,941 988 32,758 601 32,995 694 33,565 530 33,849 662 32,877 532 973 3.0 *
Oklahoma 26,311 880 27,756 1,247 27,696 1,574 27,254 879 27,033 880 27,726 1,163 -692 -2.5
Oregon 36,374 970 32,347 1,160 34,950 1,207 34,557 782 34,361 877 33,649 972 712 2.1
Pennsylvania 34,524 683 32,975 673 32,690 731 33,396 485 33,749 557 32,832 577 917 * 2.8 *
Rhode Island 35,359 1,373 32,833 1,358 35,341 1,632 34,511 1,014 34,096 1,122 34,087 1,231 9 0.0
South Carolina 29,071 1,400 30,692 1,171 27,477 1,012 29,080 839 29,881 1,058 29,085 898 797 2.7
South Dakota 29,578 1,610 30,576 1,219 29,253 1,106 29,802 920 30,077 1,167 29,915 956 162 0.5
Tennessee 29,015 1,268 29,451 1,057 26,474 876 28,313 751 29,233 957 27,962 796 1270 * 4.5
Texas 32,039 634 31,627 674 30,298 647 31,321 457 31,833 537 30,962 542 871 * 2.8 *
Utah 36,480 919 36,728 1,071 37,742 1,310 36,984 773 36,604 818 37,235 980 -631 -1.7
Vermont 33,824 1,242 36,817 1,960 32,763 1,008 34,468 1,027 35,320 1,331 34,790 1,249 530 1.5
Virginia 36,222 1,391 38,714 1,574 38,425 1,463 37,787 1,038 37,468 1,219 38,569 1,248 -1101 -2.9
Washington 35,568 1,252 34,483 1,224 37,604 1,172 35,885 851 35,026 1,017 36,044 984 -1018 -2.8
West Virginia 24,880 870 24,232 1,251 23,647 1,035 24,253 750 24,556 878 23,939 941 617 2.6
Wisconsin 40,955 1,318 36,391 1,308 33,503 1,413 36,950 940 38,673 1,079 34,947 1,118 3726 * 10.7 *
Wyoming 31,529 1,136 34,079 1,900 31,052 1,231 32,220 1,031 32,804 1,266 32,565 1,300 239 0.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
* Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March 1996 Current Population Survey.
Table E. Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Income Quintiles and Gini Ind
by Definition of Income: 1995
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quintiles
Definition of income --------------------------------------------- Gini
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Index
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Definition 1 (current
measure) . . . . . . . . . 3.7 9.1 15.2 23.4 48.6 .444
Definition 4 (definition 1
less government cash trans-
fers plus capital gains and
employee health benefits). 0.9 7.2 14.7 24.2 52.9 .509
Definition 8 (definition 4
less taxes). . . . . . . . 1.1 8.4 15.9 24.9 49.7 .481
Definition 11 (definition 8
plus nonmeans tested govern-
ment cash transfers) . . . 3.9 10.6 16.3 23.6 45.5 .412
Definition 14 (definition 11
plus means-tested government
cash transfers). . . . . . 5.0 10.8 16.3 23.3 44.5 .394
Definition 15 (definition 14
plus return on home equity) 5.2 11.0 16.3 23.4 44.1 .388
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March 1996 Current Population Survey.
Table F. Median Income for Selected Household Characteristics and Income Definitions: 1995
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Definition 4
(Definition 1
less government
cash transfers Definition 11 Definition 14
Characteristics plus capita (Definition 8 p (Definition Definition 15
Definition 1 gains an Definition nonmeans testedplus means-tes (Definition 14
(Current employee healt (Definition government cashgovernment cash plus return on
measure) benefits less taxes) transfers) transfers home equity)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All households $34,076 $32,819 $27,772 $32,563 $33,306 $35,259
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF
HOUSEHOLDER
White 35,766 34,654 29,113 34,011 34,599 36,760
Black 22,393 21,174 19,096 21,922 23,921 24,796
Asian or Pacific Islander 40,614 41,294 34,340 37,175 38,110 39,569
Hispanic origin\1 22,860 22,067 20,383 22,782 24,630 25,373
TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD
Married-couple households
With related children unde 50,052 52,739 43,820 44,978 45,605 47,179
Female householder, no husband present
With related children unde 17,936 16,783 17,086 18,539 21,786 22,360
AGE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
With members 65 years old and 20,503 8,552 8,214 25,556 26,106 29,611
With related children under 18 40,954 42,696 36,368 37,857 38,944 40,143
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March 1996 Current Population Survey.
Table B-3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder:
1967 to 1995
(Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1995 CPI-U adjusted dollars. Data for the years 1974 through 1986 were revised
in March 1996. For further details, see note at end of table)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upper limit of each fifth Lower Share of aggregate income
------------------------------------ limit ------------------------------------------------------
Year and race of Top Mean
Number top 5 5 income Gini
(1,000) Lowest Second Third Fourth percent Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest percent (dol.) ratio
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALL RACES
1995 14/... 99,627 $14,400 $26,914 $42,002 $65,124 $113,000 3.7 9.1 15.2 23.3 48.7 21.0 $44,938 0.450
1994 13/... 98,990 13,806 25,914 41,236 64,622 112,933 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.4 49.1 21.2 44,355 0.456
1993 12/... 97,107 13,676 26,028 40,914 63,597 110,360 3.6 9.0 15.1 23.5 48.9 21.0 43,693 0.454
1992 11/... 96,426 13,687 26,222 41,169 63,010 107,560 3.8 9.4 15.8 24.2 46.9 18.6 42,190 0.434
1991....... 95,699 14,085 26,855 41,479 63,511 107,866 3.8 9.6 15.9 24.2 46.5 18.1 42,433 0.428
1990....... 94,312 14,575 27,591 42,210 64,371 110,479 3.9 9.6 15.9 24.0 46.6 18.6 43,613 0.428
1989....... 93,347 14,866 28,268 43,446 66,011 112,764 3.8 9.5 15.8 24.0 46.8 18.9 44,884 0.431
1988....... 92,830 14,663 27,697 43,164 65,176 110,326 3.8 9.6 16.0 24.3 46.3 18.3 43,822 0.427
1987 10/... 91,124 14,489 27,502 42,930 64,881 108,569 3.8 9.6 16.1 24.3 46.2 18.2 43,480 0.426
1986....... 89,479 14,403 27,508 42,487 64,130 108,774 3.9 9.7 16.2 24.5 45.7 17.5 42,771 0.425
1985 9/.... 88,458 14,164 26,701 41,106 62,049 103,767 4.0 9.7 16.3 24.6 45.3 17.0 41,168 0.419
1984....... 86,789 14,081 26,261 40,346 61,019 102,074 4.1 9.9 16.4 24.7 44.9 16.5 40,284 0.415
1983 8/.... 85,290 13,771 25,665 39,352 59,519 98,846 4.1 10.0 16.5 24.7 44.7 16.4 39,185 0.414
1982....... 83,918 13,582 25,522 39,152 58,457 97,413 4.1 10.1 16.6 24.7 44.5 16.2 38,752 0.412
1981....... 83,527 13,802 25,429 39,573 58,524 95,229 4.2 10.2 16.8 25.0 43.8 15.6 38,543 0.406
1980....... 82,368 13,992 26,110 40,017 58,701 95,366 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.9 43.7 15.8 39,004 0.403
1979 7/.... 80,776 14,435 26,845 41,241 59,924 97,752 4.2 10.3 16.9 24.7 44.0 16.4 40,271 0.404
1978....... 77,330 14,414 27,093 40,970 59,662 96,118 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.8 43.7 16.2 40,030 0.402
1977....... 76,030 14,017 26,284 39,863 58,115 93,950 4.4 10.3 17.0 24.8 43.6 16.1 38,823 0.402
1976 6/.... 74,142 14,057 25,998 39,570 56,937 90,778 4.4 10.4 17.1 24.8 43.3 16.0 38,285 0.398
1975 5/.... 72,867 13,627 25,626 38,632 55,580 88,623 4.4 10.5 17.1 24.8 43.2 15.9 37,365 0.397
1974 5/ 4/. 71,163 14,456 26,704 39,348 57,122 91,278 4.4 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.9 38,449 0.395
1973....... 69,859 14,265 27,099 40,199 58,070 92,050 4.2 10.5 17.1 24.6 43.6 16.6 39,253 0.397
1972....... 68,251 13,901 26,773 39,576 56,635 91,165 4.1 10.5 17.1 24.5 43.9 17.0 38,738 0.401
1971 3/.... 66,676 13,437 25,615 37,693 53,747 85,351 4.1 10.6 17.3 24.5 43.5 16.7 36,714 0.396
1970....... 64,374 13,605 26,067 37,919 54,100 85,529 4.1 10.8 17.4 24.5 43.3 16.6 36,904 0.394
1969....... 63,401 13,824 26,535 38,371 53,765 84,323 4.1 10.9 17.5 24.5 43.0 16.6 36,882 0.391
1968....... 61,805 13,433 25,467 36,503 51,290 80,242 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.4 42.8 16.6 35,412 0.388
1967 2/.... 60,446 12,595 24,560 34,871 49,713 79,769 4.0 10.8 17.3 24.2 43.8 17.5 34,393 0.399
WHITE
1995....... 84,511 $15,480 $28,456 $43,900 $67,135 $116,894 4.0 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.1 20.7 $46,729 0.442
1994 13/... 83,737 15,098 27,765 43,085 66,839 116,286 3.8 9.2 15.1 23.2 48.6 21.1 46,310 0.448
1993 12/... 82,387 15,065 27,579 42,714 65,655 113,272 3.9 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.2 20.7 45,651 0.444
1992 11/... 81,795 15,207 27,915 43,113 65,175 110,059 4.1 9.7 15.9 24.1 46.2 18.4 44,095 0.423
1991....... 81,675 15,549 28,235 43,419 65,504 110,672 4.1 9.9 16.0 24.1 45.8 17.9 44,224 0.418
1990....... 80,968 16,087 29,151 44,004 66,435 113,455 4.2 10.0 16.0 23.9 46.0 18.3 45,373 0.419
1989....... 80,163 16,251 29,981 45,474 67,851 115,579 4.1 9.8 16.0 23.8 46.3 18.7 46,754 0.422
1988....... 79,734 16,179 29,652 45,117 67,080 112,980 4.1 10.0 16.2 24.1 45.6 18.0 45,692 0.416
1987 10/... 78,519 16,099 29,514 44,808 67,071 110,978 4.1 10.0 16.3 24.2 45.5 17.9 45,338 0.415
1986....... 77,284 15,896 29,160 44,446 66,287 111,589 4.1 10.1 16.4 24.3 45.1 17.2 44,552 0.415
1985 9/.... 76,576 15,494 28,327 42,775 63,980 106,541 4.2 10.2 16.5 24.4 44.7 16.8 42,858 0.411
1984....... 75,328 15,341 27,885 42,126 62,799 104,662 4.3 10.3 16.6 24.6 44.2 16.2 41,946 0.405
1983 8/.... 74,170 15,301 27,383 41,023 61,226 102,442 4.4 10.4 16.6 24.6 44.1 16.1 40,822 0.404
1982....... 73,182 14,985 27,140 40,676 60,558 100,115 4.4 10.4 16.8 24.6 43.9 15.9 40,349 0.403
1981....... 72,845 15,228 27,200 41,271 60,216 98,104 4.5 10.5 17.0 24.8 43.2 15.3 40,159 0.397
1980....... 71,872 15,370 27,804 41,676 60,293 97,699 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.5 40,578 0.394
1979 7/.... 70,766 15,773 28,725 42,837 61,681 100,755 4.4 10.6 17.0 24.6 43.4 16.2 41,859 0.396
1978....... 68,028 15,750 28,448 42,875 61,073 99,116 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.6 43.2 16.1 41,514 0.394
1977....... 66,934 15,192 27,972 41,408 59,923 96,456 4.5 10.6 17.2 24.7 43.0 15.8 40,340 0.394
1976 6/.... 65,353 15,271 27,617 41,051 58,528 93,133 4.6 10.7 17.3 24.7 42.8 15.9 39,757 0.391
1975 5/.... 64,392 14,763 27,117 40,134 57,161 91,020 4.6 10.8 17.2 24.7 42.7 15.7 38,745 0.390
1974 5/ 4/. 62,984 15,469 28,363 41,022 58,728 93,813 4.6 11.0 17.2 24.6 42.6 15.7 39,874 0.387
1973....... 61,965 15,450 28,759 41,965 59,384 94,185 4.4 10.8 17.3 24.5 43.1 16.4 40,770 0.389
1972....... 60,618 15,144 28,194 41,189 58,351 93,362 4.3 10.8 17.2 24.3 43.4 16.8 40,245 0.393
1971 3/.... 59,463 14,554 27,213 38,938 55,090 87,706 4.3 11.0 17.4 24.4 43.0 16.5 38,043 0.389
1970....... 57,575 14,753 27,676 39,141 55,351 87,477 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.3 42.9 16.5 38,196 0.387
1969....... 56,602 14,942 28,028 39,427 55,096 86,392 4.3 11.3 17.6 24.3 42.5 16.4 38,293 0.383
1968....... 55,394 14,553 26,983 37,987 52,552 81,657 4.4 11.4 17.6 24.3 42.3 16.5 36,685 0.381
1967 2/.... 54,188 13,535 25,610 36,186 50,464 81,448 4.1 11.2 17.4 24.0 43.3 17.3 35,623 0.391
BLACK
1995....... 11,577 $8,400 $16,900 $28,689 $46,296 $79,831 3.2 8.2 14.8 24.2 49.6 20.2 $30,400 0.468
1994 13/... 11,655 7,767 16,244 27,581 47,040 83,055 3.0 7.9 14.3 24.3 50.5 20.1 30,088 0.477
1993 12/... 11,281 7,551 15,367 26,367 44,296 79,688 3.0 7.7 14.3 23.7 51.3 21.1 28,718 0.484
1992 11/... 11,269 7,115 14,955 26,385 43,765 76,463 3.1 7.8 14.7 24.8 49.7 19.1 27,645 0.470
1991....... 11,083 7,329 15,625 27,368 44,855 76,811 3.1 7.8 15.0 25.2 48.9 18.3 28,022 0.464
1990....... 10,671 7,528 16,012 27,985 45,592 80,765 3.1 7.9 15.0 25.1 49.0 18.5 28,934 0.464
1989....... 10,486 7,750 16,322 28,286 46,703 80,624 3.2 8.0 15.0 24.9 48.9 18.2 29,491 0.461
1988....... 10,561 7,653 15,459 27,306 46,466 79,421 3.3 7.7 14.6 24.7 49.7 18.7 28,956 0.468
1987 10/... 10,192 7,531 15,562 26,831 44,900 78,482 3.3 7.9 14.8 24.4 49.7 19.3 28,389 0.468
1986....... 9,922 7,359 15,679 27,166 45,157 77,481 3.2 8.0 15.0 25.1 48.8 18.2 28,133 0.464
1985 9/.... 9,797 7,767 15,580 26,330 43,564 73,673 3.5 8.3 15.2 25.0 48.0 17.5 27,385 0.450
1984....... 9,480 7,639 14,961 25,144 36,963 72,489 3.6 8.4 15.0 24.7 48.3 17.4 26,352 0.450
1983 8/.... 9,243 7,345 14,400 24,482 41,142 69,668 3.6 8.3 15.2 25.2 47.8 16.9 25,421 0.448
1982....... 8,916 7,446 14,754 24,843 40,005 65,015 3.6 8.6 15.3 25.5 47.0 16.9 25,103 0.442
1981....... 8,961 7,632 14,618 24,365 40,920 67,658 3.8 8.6 15.3 25.4 46.9 16.1 25,128 0.440
1980....... 8,847 7,813 15,170 24,999 40,979 68,874 3.7 8.7 15.4 25.3 46.9 16.6 25,869 0.439
1979 7/.... 8,586 8,258 15,990 26,155 43,249 70,022 3.9 8.8 15.5 25.4 46.3 16.1 26,777 0.433
1978....... 8,066 8,372 16,030 27,093 42,898 71,450 4.0 8.7 15.6 25.3 46.4 16.3 27,154 0.431
1977....... 7,977 8,440 15,433 25,320 40,994 67,820 4.2 9.2 15.5 24.9 46.3 16.7 26,021 0.425
1976 6/.... 7,776 8,556 15,497 25,785 41,051 66,707 4.3 9.2 15.8 25.5 45.2 15.7 25,903 0.421
1975 5/.... 7,489 8,214 15,186 25,572 39,987 63,577 4.2 9.1 16.0 25.5 45.3 15.9 25,075 0.419
1974 5/ 4/. 7,263 8,592 16,039 25,573 39,642 64,014 4.2 9.4 16.2 25.2 45.0 15.7 25,432 0.414
1973....... 7,040 8,776 16,144 25,831 40,641 66,614 4.1 9.4 16.0 25.1 45.5 16.6 26,002 0.419
1972....... 6,809 8,430 15,830 25,314 40,503 64,530 3.9 9.2 15.8 24.9 46.2 16.9 25,747 0.427
1971 3/.... 6,578 8,104 15,297 24,752 38,330 61,526 4.0 9.4 16.1 25.1 45.4 16.4 24,441 0.419
1970....... 6,180 7,841 15,794 25,056 38,753 62,908 3.7 9.3 16.3 25.2 45.5 16.4 24,949 0.422
1969....... 6,223 7,964 15,604 24,597 37,458 60,388 3.9 9.7 16.5 25.1 44.7 15.9 24,237 0.411
1968....... 5,870 8,004 15,034 23,507 36,382 58,211 4.0 9.8 16.3 25.1 44.9 15.9 23,406 0.412
1967 2/.... 5,728 7,456 13,855 22,041 33,902 56,552 3.8 9.3 15.9 24.3 46.7 18.2 22,658 0.432
HISPANIC ORIGIN 1/
1995....... 7,939 $10,000 $18,060 $28,900 $46,300 $80,300 3.8 8.9 14.8 23.3 49.3 20.8 $31,201 0.455
1994 13/... 7,735 9,999 18,613 29,853 47,779 84,581 3.7 8.7 14.8 23.3 49.6 21.0 32,477 0.459
1993 12/... 7,362 10,505 18,984 29,615 46,730 80,682 3.9 9.1 15.1 23.1 48.7 20.4 31,947 0.447
1992 11/... 7,153 10,428 19,335 30,201 47,491 80,545 4.0 9.4 15.7 24.1 46.9 18.1 31,308 0.430
1991....... 6,379 10,764 20,141 31,398 48,931 83,921 4.0 9.4 15.8 24.3 46.5 17.7 32,306 0.427
1990....... 6,220 11,175 20,406 31,757 48,973 84,199 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.3 46.3 17.9 32,616 0.425
1989....... 5,933 11,518 21,511 33,528 52,411 87,261 3.8 9.5 15.7 24.4 46.6 18.1 34,403 0.430
1988....... 5,910 10,584 20,354 32,232 50,056 85,218 3.7 9.3 15.6 24.2 47.2 19.0 33,485 0.437
1987 10/... 5,642 10,530 20,123 31,654 49,890 84,968 3.7 9.1 15.5 24.1 47.6 19.2 33,252 0.441
1986....... 5,418 10,846 20,023 31,982 50,125 83,317 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.8 15.8 16.5 32,222 0.424
1985 9/.... 5,213 10,339 19,121 30,797 47,448 78,965 4.1 9.5 16.1 24.8 45.6 16.5 30,909 0.418
1984....... 4,883 10,294 19,508 31,524 47,314 77,969 3.9 9.5 16.2 25.0 45.3 16.6 30,992 0.420
1983 8/.... 4,666 9,946 19,127 29,954 45,659 75,101 4.2 9.7 16.3 24.9 44.9 16.0 29,602 0.413
1982....... 4,085 10,400 19,130 29,853 45,473 74,086 4.2 9.6 16.2 24.7 45.3 16.7 29,861 0.417
1981....... 3,980 11,630 20,467 31,694 47,361 76,093 4.5 10.3 16.7 24.8 43.6 15.3 31,077 0.398
1980....... 3,906 11,403 20,236 31,150 47,227 76,330 4.4 10.2 16.4 24.9 44.1 16.0 30,876 0.405
1979 7/.... 3,684 12,357 21,748 32,951 48,438 79,289 4.6 10.5 16.6 24.6 43.7 15.9 32,498 0.396
1978....... 3,291 12,192 21,900 32,288 47,592 74,446 4.7 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.8 15.4 31,478 0.385
1977....... 3,304 12,057 20,810 30,521 45,696 72,320 4.9 10.8 16.9 24.7 42.8 15.4 30,299 0.383
1976 6/.... 3,081 10,853 19,689 29,782 44,175 67,156 4.7 10.5 16.9 25.1 42.8 15.2 29,012 0.387
1975 5/.... 2,948 11,105 19,229 28,923 42,317 66,495 4.8 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.9 15.8 28,538 0.388
1974 5/ 4/. 2,897 12,445 20,998 31,147 44,634 70,768 5.2 10.9 17.2 24.7 42.0 15.1 30,295 0.376
1973....... 2,820 12,915 21,633 32,023 46,317 70,065 5.1 11.1 17.1 24.7 42.0 15.0 30,851 0.371
1972....... 2,698 12,587 21,298 30,631 42,703 67,619 5.3 11.2 17.2 24.0 42.3 16.2 30,013 0.373
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NOTE: It appears that between the years 1974 and 1986 negative amounts were included in the aggregate. These data were included in the
aggregate. These data were revised to maintain comparability with the majority of years where negative amounts were treated as zeros.
NA Not available.
1/ Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
2/ Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.
3/ Implementation of 1970 census population controls.
4/ Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask eleven income questions.
5/ These estimates were derived using pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation.
6/ First year medians are derived using both pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear
interpolation.
7/ Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income.
8/ Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls.
9/ Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999.
10/ Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.
11/ Implementation of 1990 census population controls.
12/ Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing. In addition, the March 1994 income supplement was
revised to allow for the coding of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in
the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; Social Security increased to $49,999; Supplemental Security Income and Public
Assistance increased to $24,999; Veterans' Benefits increased to $99,999; Child Support and Alimony decreased to $49,999.
13/ Introduction of new 1990 census sample design.
14/ Full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised rac
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